Dwyer Instruments PUF-1003, PUF-1002, PUF-1001 User manual

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Series PUF Portable Ultrasonic Flowmeter Kit Installation and Operating Instructions

Bulletin F-PUF

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Table of Contents

1: General Description 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Principles of Operation 2

1.3 Supplied Hardware 3

1.4 PUF Instrument 4

1.4.1 Connectors 4

1.4.2 Keypad 5

1.4.3 Power supply and battery charging 6

1.5 Transducers 6

2: Installation 7

2.1 Transducer Positioning 7

2.2 Transducer Attachment (Type ‘A’ & ‘B’) 8

2.2.1 Preparation 8

2.2.2 Attaching the transducer holders 8

2.2.3 Fitting the transducers 9

2.3 Installing the USB Virtual Com. Port 10

3: Operating Procedures 11

3.1 Setting-up the Instrument 12

3.1.1 Using the instrument for the first time 12

3.1.2 Enabling/disabling the backlight 13

3.2 Using the Quick Start Menu 14

3.3 Using the System at a Regularly Monitored Location 17

3.4 Managing Named Sites 19

3.4.1 Setting up a new site 19

3.4.2 Changing a site name 20

3.5 Instrument Calibration 20

3.5.1 Adjusting the zero cut-off 20

3.5.2 Adjusting the set zero flow offset 21

3.5.3 Adjusting the calibration factor 21

3.5.4 Adjusting the roughness factor 22

3.5.5 Adjusting the damping factor 23

3.6 Performing Monitoring & Logging Functions 24

3.6.1 How to measure totalized flows (manually) 24

3.6.2 Display of totalizers 25

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3.6.3 How to set up the basic logging application to memory 25

3.6.4 How to set up automatic (timed) logging mode 28

3.6.5 How to log directly to a PC 31

3.6.6 How to download logged data to a PC 32

3.7 Configuring the PUF Communications Interfaces 33

3.7.1 How to set-up an RS232 connection 33

3.7.2 How to set-up a USB connection 34

3.7.3 Working With Portagraph III 34

3.8 Configuring the Current / Pulse Output 35

3.8.1 Current output 35

3.8.2 Pulse output 37

3.9 Printing 39

3.9.1 How to print logged data using the RS232 printer 39

4: Maintenance & Repair 42

4.1 Introduction 42

4.2 General care 42

4.3 Warranty / Return 42

5: Troubleshooting 43

5.1 Overview 43

5.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure 44

5.3 Warning & Status Messages 45

5.4 Test Block 48

5.5 Microprocessor Reset Facility 49

5.6 Diagnostics Display 49

6: Specification 50

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1: General Description

1.1 Introduction

This manual describes the operation of the Dwyer PUF portable flowmeter. The flowmeter is designed to work with clamp-on transducers to enable the flow of a liquid within a closed pipe to be measured accurately without needing to insert any mechanical parts through the pipe wall or protrude into the flow system.

Using ultrasonic transit time techniques, the PUF is controlled by a micro-processor system which contains a wide range of data that enables it to be used with pipes with an outside diameter ranging from 0.5 to 197 inches (13 to 5000 mm) and constructed of almost any material. The instrument will also operate over a wide range of fluid temperatures.

Easy to operate, the PUF standard features are:

• Large, easy to read graphic display with backlighting.

• Simple to follow dual function keypad.

• Simple ‘Quick Start’ set up procedure.

• 98k stored data points.

• Continuous signal monitoring.

• RS232 output.

• USB output.

• Pulse output (volumetric or frequency).

• 4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, or 0 to 16 mA output.

• Rechargeable battery.

• Battery management.

• Diagnostics.

Volumetric flow rates are displayed in L/h, L/min, L/sec, gal/min, gal/h, USgals/min, USgals/h, Barrel/h, Barrel/ day, m³/s, m³/min, m³/h. Linear velocity is displayed in meters or feet per second.

When operating in the ‘Flow Reading’ mode the total volumes, both positive and negative, are displayed up to a maximum 12-digit number.

The flowmeter can be used to measure clean liquids or oils that have less than 3% by volume of particulate content. Cloudy liquids such as river water and effluent can be measured along with cleaner liquids such as demineralized water.

Typical PUF applications include:

• River water.

• Seawater.

• Potable water.

• Demineralized water.

• Treated water.

1: General Description

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1: General Description

Fluid flow

Separation

Distance

Separation

Distance

Separation

Distance

Separation

Distance

Reflex mode

Reflex mode (double bounce)

Reflex mode (triple bounce)

Diagonal mode

This is the mode most commonly used. The two transducers (U & D) are attached to the pipe in line with each other and the signals passing between them are reflected by the opposite pipe wall. The separation distance is calculated by the instrument in response to entered data concerning the pipe and fluid characteristics.

In this mode the separation distance is calculated to give a double bounce. This is most likely to occur if the pipe diameter is so small that the calculated reflex mode separation distance would be impractical for the transducers in use.

This illustration goes one step further to show a triple bounce situation. This would normally apply when working with very small pipes relative to the transducer range in use.

This mode might be selected by the instrument where relatively large pipes are concerned. In this mode the transducers are located on opposite sides of the pipe but the separation distance is still critical in order for the signals to be received correctly.

This mode might be used with the standard ‘A’ & ‘B’ transducer sets but for really large pipe installation the optional transducer set ‘D’ might be recommended.

Upstream

transducer

1.2 Principles of Operation

When ultrasound is transmitted through a liquid, the speed at which the sound travels through the liquid is accelerated slightly if it is transmitted in the same direction as the liquid flow, and decelerated slightly if transmitted against it. The difference in time taken by the sound to travel the same distance but in opposite directions is therefore directly proportional to the flow velocity of the liquid.

The PUF system employs two ultrasonic transducers attached to the pipe carrying the liquid and compares the time taken to transmit an ultrasound signal in each direction. If the sound characteristics of the fluid are known, the PUF microprocessor can use the results of the transit time calculations to compute the fluid flow velocity. Once the flow velocity is known the volumetric flow can be easily calculated for a given pipe diameter. The PUF system can be set up to operate in one of four modes, determined mainly by the pipe diameter and the type of transducer set in use. The diagram below illustrates the importance of applying the correct separation distance between the transducers to obtain the strongest signal.

Figure 1.1 Operating modes

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1.3 Supplied Hardware

4 to 20 mA/

Test Block

RS232 Cable

USB Cable

Power Supply

Pulse Output

Cable

Transducer Cables (x2)

Chains (x2)

Transducer

T ransducers (Sensors) (Ax2, Bx2)

Ultrasonic

Ruled Separation bar (x2)

PUF Instrument

Couplant

(Batt. Charger)

Holders (x2)

The PUF equipment is supplied in a rugged IP67 carrying case fitted with a foam insert to give added protection for transportation. The supplied components are shown in Figure 1.2.

1: General Description

Standard equipment

Optional equipment

Figure 1.2 Standard PUF equipment

• PUF instrument with backlit graphic display.

• Power supply - with UK, US, European adaptors. 110/240VAC.

• 4 to 20 mA/Pulse Output cable, USB cable and RS232-C cable.

• 2 lengths of chain each at 130 inches (3.3 m) long.

• Test block.

• Transducer cables (x2) 79 inches (2 m) long.

• Transducer set 'A' (Transducers x2).

• Transducer set 'B' (Transducers x2).

• Set of transducer holders for use with ‘A’ or ‘B’ transducers.

• Ruled separation bar (2-piece).

• Ultrasonic couplant.

• Manual.

• Transducer set 'D' – used for monitoring pipes of 50 to 197 inches (1.27 to 5 m) diameter, over a

temperature range of -4°F to +176°F (-20°C to +80°C). Kit is supplied in a separate case and includes the sensors together with ratchet straps and transducer holders for attaching to the pipe.

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1: General Description

Keypad

LCD Display

Battery Charger

4 to 20 mA / Pulse Output RS232 / USB Output Transducer Cables

Reset pin-hole

1.4 PUF Instrument

The PUF is a microprocessor controlled instrument operated through a menu system using an inbuilt LCD display and keypad. It can be used to display the instantaneous fluid flow rate or velocity, together with totalized values, or act as a data logger. When operating in the data logger mode, the logged data can be output directly to a PC or printer using the RS232/USB interface or stored in the instrument’s non-volatile memory for downloading at a later time. Up to 98k logging events can be stored internally.

The instrument can also provide a variable current or ‘pulse’ (volumetric or frequency) output that is proportional to the detected flow rate. These outputs, which can be used with a range of external interface devices such as those found in building management or site monitoring systems, can be calibrated to suit a particular flow range.

1.4.1 Connectors

Figure 1.3 Instrument details

Transducer connections

The transducers are connected to two color-coded miniature coaxial sockets located on the top of the instrument. Using the red/blue connector cables provided, the upstream transducer should always be connected to the RED socket and the downstream transducer to the BLUE one for a positive flow reading. It is safe to connect or disconnect the cable while the instrument is switched on.

RS232 and USB connections

RS232 and USB cables are included as part of the PUF kit. These can be connected to the yellow 8-pin connector on the top of the flowmeter as shown in Figure 1.3. The RS232 cable is terminated with a 9-pin ‘D-type’ connector.

4 to 20 mA and Pulse output connection

The 4 to 20 mA / ‘pulse’ output cable should be connected to the green 7-pin connector on the top of the flowmeter, as shown in Figure 1.3. A single cable that can be adapted for use for either of these output functions is included in the PUF kit. The ‘tails’ on the free end of the cable must be terminated to suit the intended application.

Red – 4 to 20 mA positive Black – 4 to 20 mA negative White – Pulse output Green – Pulse return Thick Black – Cable screen

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1: General Description

ON/OFF

Scroll UP

ENTER

Scroll DOWN

Numerical keypad

Scroll LEFT

Scroll RIGHT

with dual function keys

(SELECT)

Battery charger connection

The supplied battery charger is connected to the instrument by means of the gray 2-pin connector on the bottom of the unit, as shown in Figure 1.3.

Note: The above connectors have different key-ways to prevent incorrect cable connection.

1.4.2 Keypad

The instrument is configured and controlled via a 16-key tactile membrane keypad, as shown in Figure 1.4.

ON/OFF Key

The ON/OFF key is shown on the top left of the keypad. When turned ON an initialization screen is displayed on the LCD showing the instrument’s serial number and software revision. Once this appears, the instrument can be started by pressing the ENTER key once – the initialization screen is then replaced by a MAIN MENU which provides access to the remaining functions.

Menus and the menu selection keys

The PUF menus are arranged hierarchally with the MAIN MENU being at the top level. Menu navigation is achieved by three keys on the right hand side of the keypad which are used to scroll UP and DOWN a menu list and SELECT a menu item. When scrolling through a menu, an arrow-shaped cursor moves up and down the left hand side of the screen to indicate the active menu choice which can then be selected by pressing the ENTER (SELECT) key.

Some menus have more options than can be shown on the screen at the same time, in which case the ‘overflowed’ choices can be brought into view by continuing to scroll DOWN past the bottom visible item. Menus generally ‘loop around’ if you scroll beyond the first or last items.

If you select Exit it usually results in taking you back one level in the menu hier archy, but in some cases it may go directly to the ‘Flow Reading’ screen.

Some screens require you to move the cursor left and right along the display as well as up and down. This is achieved using keys 5 (scroll LEFT) and 6 (scroll RIGHT).

Figure 1.4 Keypad

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1: General Description

Dual function numerical keypad

The block of keys shown in the center of the keypad in Figure 1.4 are dual function keys. They can be used to enter straight-forward numerical data, select the displayed flow units or provide quick access to frequently required control menus.

1.4.3 Power supply and battery charging

Operating power is provided by an internal battery that can be charged from the utility supply using the supplied external charger. When you first receive the unit you must put the battery on charge for a minimum of 6.5hrs before use. A fully charged battery will power the instrument for up to 20hrs depending on the outpu t utilization and backlight usage.

The backlight can be selected to be either permanently OFF, illuminated for 10 seconds, 30 seconds or 1 minute every time a key is pressed, or permanently ON – as configured in the Setup Instrument menu. If the backlight is active continuously it will reduce the available battery operating time to 8hrs. Similarly, if the 4 to 20 mA output is used constantly at 20 mA, the battery life would reduce by 50%. It is therefore beneficial to turn off the backlight and 4 to 20 mA output facilities when they are not required.

When the instrument is operating in the ‘Flow Reading’ mode, the percentage battery charge level is displayed symbolically on the LCD screen. A warning message is triggered if the charge falls to approximately 30%, at which point there is up to four hours of battery operation remaining, depending on usage. The battery can be charged both while the instrument is in use or when switched off. The instrument’s internal data is stored in nonvolatile memory and will not be lost even if the battery discharges completely.

Key Point: The battery is not a user-changeable item. The instrument must be returned to your distributor if the battery needs replacing.

Key Point: Only use the supplied charger, or special adaptor lead. Failure to comply with this will invalidate your warranty.

1.5 Transducers

Two sets of ultrasonic transducers are provided as standard. When setting up the instrument it will indicate the appropriate transducer set to use for a particular application, depending on data entered by the user. Default pipe ranges are programmed into the instrument and most of the time there will be no need to use an alternati v e transducer set to the one suggested by the instrument. However, if circumstances dictate that a different set must be used, it is possible to manually program the instrument to accept the alternative set.

Key Point: Each transducer set has its designed working parameters and there are limitations as to how far these can be extended in the field without degrading the instrument’s sensitivity and accuracy. Contact Dwyer for advice if needed.

Transducer set 'A'

Supplied as standard for use on pipes of 0.5 to 4.5 inches (2 to 115 mm) outside diameter.

Transducer set 'B'

Supplied as standard for use on pipes 2 to 79 inches (50 to 2000 mm) outside diameter.

Transducer set 'D'

Type 'D' transducers are optional equipment that can be used by the PUF on pipes from 59 to 197 inches (1500 to 5000 mm). They are supplied complete with ratchet straps for ‘diagonal mode’ attachment.

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2: Installation

Flow

Valid transducer location

10 x Diameter 20 x Diameter

45°

The PUF equipment expects a uniform flow profile as a distorted flow will produce unpredictable measurement errors. Flow profile distortions can result from upstream disturbances such as bends, tees, valves, pumps and other similar obstructions. To ensure a uniform profile, the transducers must be mounted far enough away from any cause of distortion such that it no longer has an effect.

Uniform Flow Profile Distorted Flow Profile

In many applications an even flow velocity profile over a full 360° is unattainable due, for example, to the presence of air turbulence at the top of the flow and possibly sludge in the bottom of the pipe. Experience has shown that the most consistently accurate results are achieved when the transducer holders are mounted at 45° with respect to the top of the pipe.

Possible sludge

Air

Flow

Transducer Holder

2.1 Transducer Positioning

2: Installation

To obtain the most accurate results, the condition of both the liquid and the pipe wall must be suitable to allow the ultrasound transmission along its predetermined path. It is important also that the liquid flows uniformly within the length of pipe being monitored and that the flow profile is not distorted by any upstream or downstream obstructions. This is best achieved by ensuring there is a straight length of pipe upstream of the transducers of at least 20 times the pipe diameter and 10 times the pipe diameter on the downstream side, as shown in Figure 2.1. Flow measurements can be made on shorter lengths of straight pipe, down to 10 diameters upstream and 5 diameters downstream, but when the transducers are positioned this close to any obstruction the resulting errors can be unpredictable.

Key Point: Do not expect to obtain accurate results if the transducers are positioned close to any obstructions that distort the uniformity of the flow profile.

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Figure 2.1 Locating the transducers

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2: Installation

D E

A: Tensioning thumb-wheel. B: Tension bar. C: Separation bar securing

screw.

D: Separation bar. E: Ruler scale (0). F: Set Separation distance. G: Securing chain.

2.2 Transducer Attachment (Type ‘A’ & ‘B’)

Type ‘A’ & ‘B’ transducers are fitted to adjustable holders which are secured to the pipe using wrap-around chains and mechanically connected together by a steel separation bar. The separation bar also acts as a ruler to allow the distance between the transducers to be accurately set to the value determined by the PUF instrument.

When fitting the transducer holders it is easiest to assemble them onto the separation bar and adjust to the required separation distance before attaching them to the pipe.

2.2.1 Preparation

1. Before you attach the transducers you should first ensure that the proposed location satisfies the distance requirements shown in Figure 2.1, otherwise the resulting accuracy of the flow readings may be affected.

2. Prepare the pipe by degreasing it and removing any loose material or flaking paint in order to obtain the best possible surface. A smooth contact between pipe surface and the face of the transducers is an important factor in achieving a good ultrasound signal strength and therefore maximum accuracy.

2.2.2 Attaching the transducer holders

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1. Slide the separation bar (D) into the front of the left hand holder, align the front edge of the holder with ‘0’ on the ruler scale (E) and secure it in place by tightening the thumbscrew (C).

2. Slide the other end of the separation bar into the front of the right hand holder, align the front edge of the holder to the required separation distance (obtained from the PUF instrument) on the ruler (F), then secure it in place by tightening the thu mbscrew.

Figure 2.2 Transducer holders attachment

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3. On each holder, attach one end of a securing chain to a hook on the tensioning bar (B), wrap the chain

A: Transducer cover plate.

B: Transducer locating slot/lug.

C: Transducer cover plate securing screw.

D: Transducer cable connection.

E: Ultrasonic

couplant

application.

G: Securing chain.

around the pipe (G) and then attach it to the hook on the other end of the tensioning bar while keeping the chain as tight as possible.

4. Rotate the complete transducer holder assembly so that it is approximately 45° with respect to the top of the pipe. Then tighten the chain by turning the tensioning thumb-wheel (A) on each holder until the assembly is securely attached to the pipe.

Note: If you are unable to get sufficient tension on the chain to hold the assembly in pla c e, fully slacken the tensioning thumb-wheel and shorten the effective length of the chain wrapped around the pipe by connecting the tensioning bar to the next link in the chain, then re-tension.

2.2.3 Fitting the transducers

2: Installation

Figure 2.3 Fitting the transducers

1. Slide the transducer cover plate (A) fully towards the outside of the holder assembly to allow sufficient access to fit the transducer.

2. Clean the face of the transducer, removing all traces of dirt and grease.

3. Apply a

4. Fit the transducer into the holder – ensuring the lugs on the sides of the transducer are correctly located into the slots on the sides of the transducer holder (B).

5. Slide the transducer cover plate (A) over the top of the transducer and tighten the thumbscrew (C) finger tight to secure the transducer in place. When securing the cover plate take care to leave sufficient room around the transducer connector (D) to connect the cable.

6. Repeat the above steps for the second transducer.

7. Connect the transducers to the PUF instrument using the coaxial cables provided. The RED cable must be connected to the upstream transducer and the BLUE cable to the downstream transducer. If you observe a negative flow, swap the red and blue cables at the sensor end.

/8" bead of ultrasonic couplant along the center length of the transducer (E).

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2: Installation

Figure 2.4 Com. Port configuration

2.3 Installing the USB Virtual Com. Port

If you have the CD supplied with the instrument, the USB drivers are included. Refer to the installation instructions for Portagraph III on the CD.

If you do not have the CD, follow the instructions below. The USB connection requires a virtual com port to be installed on the computer. The necessary driver can be

provided by Dwyer or downloaded from http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/VCP.htm.

1. Access the above url and download the driver for your particular operating system. The download takes the

form of a zip file.

2. Extract all the files from the zip file into a folder and note its location (e.g. Desktop\USBDriver).

3. Switch ON the PUF instrument and connect it to the USB port on the PC.

4. A “New device found” message will appear and ask you for the location of the software installation files

for the new device.

5. Use the Browse button to select the path to the unzipped driver files and then click OK.

6. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the driver.

7. At the end of the driver installation routine you must carry out a minor configuration change to the newly

installed virtual com port. The way in which you gain access to the com port set-up window will vary depending on your operating system. The following example applies to Windows XP.

8. Select Control Panel>System to open the SYSTEM PROPERTIES window.

9. Click the Device Manager button to open the DEVICE MANAGER window.

10. Scroll down to the Ports region and you will find the new FDTI port installed (e.g. USB Serial Port with

a high port number).

11. Right-click on the com port and select Properties.

12. From the PROPERTIES window

select the Port Settings tab then click the Advanced button. The ADVANCED SETTINGS window should open similar to that shown in Figure 2.4.

13. In the BM Options area change

the Latency Timer value from 16 msec (default) to 1 msec.

14. Select OK to implement the change,

and then close the remaining windows that were opened.

15. Your computer should now be able

to communicate with the PUF instrument via the USB port in the same way as any other standard USB device.

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3: Operating Procedures

QUICK START VIEW EDIT SITE DATA

Enter data

Attach sensors

FLOW READING

Choose site / check/edit data

Attach sensors

FLOW READING

Set up a named site

At a one-off location

(Paragraph 3.2)

At a frequent location

(Paragraph 3.3)

Manage site details

(Paragraph 3.4)

Carry out any necessary calibration

(Paragraph 3.5)

How to adjust the Zero Flow Offset – Paragraph 3.5.2 How to adjust the Calibration Factor – Paragraph 3.5.3 How to adjust the Roughness Factor – Paragraph 3.5.4 How to adjust the Damping Factor – Paragraph 3.5.5

Set-up a monitoring or logging application

(Paragraph 3.6)

How to measure totalized flows – Paragraph 3.6.1 How to set up basic (manual) logging – Paragraph 3.6.3 How to set up auto-timed logging – Paragraph 3.6.4 How to set up logging ‘live’ to a PC – Paragraph 3.6.5 How to download saved data to a PC – Paragraph 3.6.6 How to print data – Paragraph 3.9

Configure the interfaces/ outputs

(Paragraph 3.7) (Paragraph 3.8)

Battery charging, Set date/time, Language, Backlight

Initial instrument setup

(Paragraph 3.1)

Connect and take basic flow readings

Rename a site

RS232 set-up – Paragraph 3.7.1 USB set-up – Paragraph 3.7.2 4-20mA ON/OFF – Page 35 4-20mA Calibration – Page 35 Pulse ON/OFF – Page 37 Pulse calibration – Page 38 Pulse frequency mode – Page 38 Pulse frequency calibration – Page 39

3: Operating Procedures

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3: Operating Procedures

3.1 Setting-up the Instrument

3.1.1 Using the instrument for the first time

Before you use your PUF for the first time you should first charge the battery, then select the display language and set-up the internal clock, as described below.

Charging the battery

1. Connect the external battery charger to the charger socket at the bottom of the instrument then switch on the

utility supply.

2. The instrument should indicate CHARGING and

an animated battery symbol indicates that the battery is taking on charge.

3. Leave the instrument on charge for 6.5 hours

before using it for the first time.

Selecting a language

The first time you switch on the instrument you may be asked to select a user language.

1. Switch on the instrument by pressing the ON/OFF button.

2. If necessary, select the required language using the UP/DOWN scroll keys then press the ENTER key.

3. The selected language will be the default when

the instrument is next used. To change the language again select the Change Language option in the SETUP INSTRUMENT screen (see below).

4. The initialization screen will be displayed, giving

details of the instrument’s serial number and software revision details.

5. Press the ENTER key to start the instrument.

6. This is the MAIN MENU and is the starting point

for all the operations described in this chapter.

CHARGING DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Serial# 0012345 V 00.00.000

Press

MAIN MENU

Quick start View/Edit Site Data Data Logger Setup RS232 /USB Setup Instrument Read flow

 to start

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

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Setting the Date & Time

3: Operating Procedures

1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN

MENU. The screen shown here should be

displayed.

2. Select Set Date & Time and press the ENTER

key.

3. A flashing cursor should appear under the first

date number. Enter the date sequence in dd- mm-yy order then press the ENTER key.

4. Repeat this action to set the time.

5. Select Exit then press the ENTER key to return

to the MAIN MENU.

Note: If you make a mistake when entering the data press the Delete key to move the cursor back to the number you wish to change, then continue. If you enter an invalid number an ‘ERR:Invalid Date or Time!’ error message is displayed on the second line of the screen. If this occurs repeat the set date/time procedure.

3.1.2 Enabling/disabling the backlight

The backlight can be selected to be either Disabled, illuminated for 10 seconds, 30 seconds or 1 minute every time a key is pressed, or ON permanently. If the backlight is not required it is recommended that you disable it to prolong the battery discharge time.

1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN MENU.

2. Select Backlight from the SETUP

INSTRUMENT screen then press the ENTER

key.

SETUP INSTRUMENT

Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Calibrate 4-20mA Pulse output Backlight : Disabled Factory settings Change Language

Exit

SETUP INSTRUMENT

Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Calibrate 4-20mA Pulse output Backlight : Disabled Factory settings Change Language

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Exit

3. Select the required backlight operation.

4. Press the ENTER key to return to the SETUP INSTRUMENT screen.

5. Select Exit then press the ENTER key to return to the MAIN MENU.

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BACKLIGHT

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Disabled

10 seconds 30 seconds 1 minute ON Permanently

3: Operating Procedures

3.2 Using the Quick Start Menu

If you want to perform a ‘one time’ flow reading at a particular pipe location, the Quick Start menu provides the quickest way to set up the PUF system and access the FLOW READING screen.

If the point at which you intend to take the measurement is likely to require regular monitoring, it is best to set it up as a ‘Site’ within the PUF, which then stores the site parameters (See Paragraph 3.4).

Before you can use the PUF system you need to obtain the following details (this information will be required when setting up the Quick Start menu):

• The pipe outside diameter.

• The pipe wall thickness and material.

• The pipe lining thickness and material.

• The type of fluid.

• The fluid temperature.

Entering the site data

1. Select Quick Start from the MAIN MENU and press the ENTER key. You will then be presented with a series of screens in which to enter the data mentioned above.

2. Select the dimension units (millimeters or inches) used to measure the pipe, then press the ENTER key.

3. Enter the pipe outside diameter dimension, then press the ENTER key.

4. Enter the pipe wall thickness dimension, then press the ENTER key.

DIMENSION UNIT

Select the dimension units:

➥Inches

OUTSIDE DIAMETER

Dimension: Inches

Pipe outside diameter? 6.50

PIPE WALL THICKNESS

Dimension: Inches

Pipe outside diameter? 6.50 Pipe wall thickness? 0.50

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

5. If the pipe has a lining, enter the lining thickness. If nothing is entered the instrument automatically assumes there is no lining.

6. Press the ENTER key to continue.

PIPE LINING THICKNESS

Dimension: Inches

Pipe outside diameter? 58.0 Pipe wall thickness? 4.0 Pipe lining thickness? 0.12

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

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3: Operating Procedures

7. Select the pipe wall material from the list provided, then press the ENTER key.

If the material is not listed select Other and enter the propagation rate of the pipe wall material in meters/sec. Contact Dwyer if this is not known.

8. If a lining thickness value was entered earlier, this screen is displayed to request that you enter the lining material type. If no lining thickness was entered this screen will be bypassed.

9. Select the lining material from the list provided then press the ENTER key. If the material is not listed select Other and enter the propagation rate of the lining material in meters/sec. Contact Dwyer if this is not known.

PIPE WALL MATERIAL DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Select pipe wall material

Mild Steel S' less Steel 316 S' less Steel 303 Plastic

Cast Iron Ductile Iron Copper Brass Concrete Glass Other (m/s)

PIPE LINING MATERIAL

Select pipe lining material

Steel Rubber Glass Epoxy

Concrete Other (m/s)

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

10. Select the fluid type from the list provided and press the ENTER key.

If the liquid is not listed select Other and enter a propagation rate in meters/second.

11. If you need to alter the fluid temperature from that shown select either °C or °F with the cursor and press the ENTER key.

12. Enter the new temperature value and press the ENTER key.

13. The new temperature should now be indicated in both °C and °F.

14. Select Continue.. and press the ENTER key.

FLUID TYPE DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Select fluid type

Water Glycol/water 50/50 Glycol/water 30/70 Lubricating oil

Diesel Freon Other (m/s)

FLUID TEMPERATURE

Enter Fluid Temperature

°C: 5.00 °F: 41.00 Continue..

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

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3: Operating Procedures

0.000

15. The SENSOR SEPARATION screen now displays

a summary of the entered parameters and informs you of the type of sensor to be used, the mode of operation and the distance to set up between the sensors. In this example it recommends type B-ST (B standard) sensors operating in the ‘Reflex’ mode spaced at 3.62 Inches apart. Take a note of these details.

16. Take a note of the displayed parameters, then

press the ENTER key.

17. The ATTACH SENSORS screen displays, giving

instructions to attach the sensors.

Note: The SENSOR SELECTION menu can be entered by use of the Up/Down scroll keys. This allows the type and mode of the sensors being used to be selected. This menu will be entered automatically if the entered pipe OD and/or temperature are not valid for the currently selected sensors.

Note: Do not press the ENTER key until the transducers are fitted and connected to the instrument.

Attaching and connecting the transducers

18. Fit the designated sensors to the pipe using the appropriate transducer holder as described in Paragraph 2.2.

Take great care to set the separation distance as accurately as possible.

19. Connect the red and blue coaxial cables between the sensors and the test instrument, ensuring that the red

connector on the instrument is connected to the ‘upstream’ sensor.

Taking a flow reading

SENSOR SEPARATION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS Site : Quickstart Pipe : 6.50 Inches Wall : 0.50 Inches Sensors : B-ST Reflex Temperature : 10.00°C 50.00°F Set sensor separation to 3.62 Inches Press

ATTACH SENSORS DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Press  key to go to Flow Reading

 to continue,UV to select sens.

Attach Sensor Set

Red Connector UpStream

20. Once the transducers have been fitted and

connected, press the ENTER key from the ATTACH SENSORS screen.

21. This will take you to the FLOW READING screen

via a signal-checking screen (shown here).

22. Check that the indicated signal strength on the

left of the screen is at least 2 bars (ideally 3 or

4). If less than 2 bars are shown it indicates there could be a problem with the transducer spacing, alignment or connections; or it could be due to an application problem.

23. Qxx.xx% indicates the signal quality and should

have a value of 60% or greater.

Please wait.. Checking signals

**************************************** * * ****************************************

FLOW READING DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Signal

gal/min

+Total: 0.00 gal –Total: 0.00 gal

Qxx.xx%

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Flow monitoring

The FLOW READING screen is the one most used during normal monitoring operation. It shows the instantaneous fluid flow together with totalized values (when enabled). In this mode you can select the flow rate measurement units by pressing keys 7 (liters), 8 (Gallons, Barrels) or 9 (m³), or change the display to show velocity by pressing key 4.

If the flow reading exceeds a value of +/-9999 in the current units, a *10 multiplier will be displayed above the units and the value displayed will be a tenth of the actual value. Similarly a * 100 and *1000 may be displayed on very large flow rates.

There are limitations on the use of these larger flow values with regards to logging of data and setting the current and pulse outputs. If the flow reading is less than 140000 US gallons/min, the value can be logged and downloaded via Portagraph III.

3.3 Using the System at a Regularly Monitored Location

Setting up the PUF system using the Quick Start method described in Paragraph 3.2 is easy and the recommended method to use in a ‘one time’ situation. But if you have a site location that you want to monitor on a frequent basis it is better to set up a named ‘Site’ for that location so that you can recall it when needed and so avoid the need to re-enter the site details every time you want to install the equipment there.

Note: See Paragraph 3.4 for details of how to set-up and manage site details.

3: Operating Procedures

Use this procedure to install the equipment at a named site.

1. Select View Edit Site Data from the MAIN MENU.

2. Select Choose from list of sites.

3. Select one of the sites listed and press the ENTER key.

4. The Site name will show the selected site and the site parameters will be listed on the screen.

5. Scroll down through the menu list and enter/ change the data that might have changed since the last time the site was accessed.

6. When you are satisfied that the parameters are correct select Save current site & read flow.

Note: If you select a different Sensor set (e.g. A-ST) when entering new site data you could receive an “invalid” error message if the previous Sensor set was operating at a temperature above 275ºF. If this occurs, ignore the warning as it will disappear when you enter a temperature in the correct range for new sensors.

VIEW EDIT SITE DATA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Choose from list of sites Site name : MySite Dimension units : Inches Pipe outside diameter: 6.50 Pipe wall thickness : 0.50 Pipe lining thickness: 0.16

Pipe wall material : Mild Steel Lining material : Steel Sensor set : B-ST Sensor mode : Reflex Fluid type : Water Save current site & read flow Delete this Site Download & save current site Exit

(see note)

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3: Operating Procedures

7. If you need to alter the fluid temperature from that shown, select either °C or °F with the cursor and press the ENTER key.

8. Enter the new temperature value and press the ENTER key.

9. The new temperature should now be indicated in both °C and °F.

10. Select Continue.. and press the ENTER key.

11. The SENSOR SEPARATION screen now displays a summary of the entered parameters and informs you of the type of sensor to be used, the mode of operation, and the distance to set up between the sensors. In this example, it recommends type A-ST (A standard) sensors operating in the ‘Reflex’ mode spaced 3.62 Inches apart. Take a note of these details.

12. Take a note of the displayed parameters, then press the ENTER key.

13. The ATTACH SENSORS screen displays, giving instructions to attach the sensors.

FLUID TEMPERATURE DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Enter Fluid Temperature

°C: 5.00 °F: 41.00 Continue..

SENSOR SEPARATION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS Site : MySite Pipe : 6.50 Inches Wall : 0.05 Inches Sensors : B-ST Reflex Temperature : 10.00°C 50.00°F Set sensor separation to 3.62 Inches Press

ATTACH SENSORS

Press

 to continue,UV to select sens.

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Attach Sensor Set

Red Connector UpStream

 key to go to Flow Reading

Note: Do not press ENTER until the transducers are fitted and connected to the instrument.

Attaching and connecting the transducers

14. Fit the designated sensors to the pipe using the appropriate transducer holders as described in Paragraph

2.2. Take great care to set the separation distance as accurately as possible.

15. Connect the red and blue coaxial cables between the sensors and the instrument, ensuring that the red connector on the instrument is connected to the ‘upstream’ sensor.

Taking a flow reading

16. Once the transducers have been fitted and connected, press the ENTER key on the ATTACH SENSORS screen.

17. This will take you to the FLOW READING screen via a signal-checking screen (shown here).

Please wait.. Checking signals

**************************************** * * ****************************************

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3: Operating Procedures

0.000

18. Check that the indicated signal strength on the left of the screen is at least 2 bars (ideally 3 or 4). If less than 2 bars are shown it indicates there could be a problem with the transducer spacing, alignment or connections; or it could be due to an application problem.

Flow monitoring

3.4 Managing Named Sites

If you want to monitor a particular site location frequently, you can set up a named ‘Site’ to store the installation details, such as pipe dimensions and material, required to set-up the PUF system. These can then be recalled later when revisiting that particular location.

The instrument can store up to 20 sites, the first site is reserved for QUICK START and cannot be renamed; subsequent sites are initially named EmptySite1 through to EmptySite19.

3.4.1 Setting up a new site

Key Point: Once you have set up a named site you are advised to log some data to the site in order to avoid the possibility of the site name being overwritten when the QuickStart data is saved. See Paragraph 3.6.3 for details.

FLOW READING DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Signal

gal/min

+Total: 0.00 gal –Total: 0.00 gal

Qxx.xx%

1. Select View Edit Site Data from the MAIN MENU.

2. Select Choose from list of sites.

3. Select one of the EmptySites from the presented list (e.g. EmptySite 1 as shown).

4. Select Site name and press the ENTER key.

5. This opens the ALTER NAME screen.

6. Select Alter the Site Name and you will be presented with a screen which allows you to enter a new name in much the same way as when composing a mobile text message.

7. On completion press the ENTER key then select

Exit. This will take you back to the VIEW EDIT SITE DATA screen.

VIEW EDIT SITE DATA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Choose from list of sites Site name : EmptySite1 Dimensions : Inches Pipe outside diameter: 0.00 Pipe wall thickness : 0.00 Pipe lining thickness: 0.00

ALTER NAME DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Site name : EmptySite1

Do you wish to:– Alter the Site Name Exit

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3: Operating Procedures

8. Scroll down through the menu list and enter/

change the pipe parameters and other data pertaining to the site. Note that this menu allows you to choose a Sensor Set, unlike the QUICK START menu which recommended the sensor set to use. If you enter an inappropriate sensor set in this menu, you will be presented with an error message later when you go to the SENSOR SEPARATION screen.

9. When all the data is correct you can either:

a) Select Save current site & read

flow to continue fitting the transducers and opening the FLOW READING screen.

b) Select Delete this site to delete the

site name and values and restore it to the original EmptySite name.

c) Select Download & save current

site to save the site details and download them to a PC via RS232/USB provided the RS232/USB link is connected and correctly set-up.

d) Select Exit to return to the MAIN MENU.

3.4.2 Changing a site name

To change a site name, use the same method described above for generating a new site: but in this case access a current site name to change rather than an EmptySite. If you change a site name while the site is logging, the logging will stop.

VIEW EDIT SITE DATA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Choose from list of sites Site name : MyNewSite Dimensions : Inches Pipe outside diameter: 0.00 Pipe wall thickness : 0.00 Pipe lining thickness: 0.00

Pipe wall material : Mild Steel Lining material : -------- Sensor set : A-ST Sensor mode : Reflex Fluid type : Water Save current site & read flow Delete this Site Download & save current site Exit

3.5 Instrument Calibration

The PUF is fully calibrated before it leaves the factory; however the following adjustments are provided to allow you to further ‘fine tune’ your instrument to suit local conditions and application where necessary. Apart from the zero flow offset adjustment, these are normally carried out only where the instrument is to be used in a permanent or semi-permanent location.

3.5.1 Adjusting the zero cut-off

This adjustment allows you to set a minimum flow rate (m/s) below which the instrument will indicate ‘0’. The default setting is 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) but you may adjust this value if required.

1. With the instrument operating in FLOW READING mode, press the Options key to access the FLOW

READING OPTIONS menu shown.

2. Select Zero Cutoff (m/s) and press the ENTER key.

3. Enter the value for the Zero Cutoff (e.g. 0.06 m/s) then press the ENTER key.

4. Scroll down to select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

FLOW READING OPTION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total

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3.5.2 Adjusting the set zero flow offset

The PUF instrument operates by comparing the time taken to send an ultrasonic signal between two transducers in either direction. A Set zero flow offset adjustment is provided to compensate for any inherent differences between the two sensors, noise pick-up, internal pipe conditions etc. It can be used to ‘zero’ the flow indication under no-flow conditions.

If you have adjusted the Zero Cutoff point to anywhere above ‘0’ you must reset it to ‘0’ before you can observe and adjust the Set zero flow offset, as its value is very small. Once the Set zero flow offset has been calibrated you can then reapply the Zero Cutoff if required.

1. Stop the liquid flow.

2. With the instrument in FLOW READING mode, press the Velocity function key and observe the reading (m/s). Any reading other than 0.000 indicates an offset error and in practice this will typically be in the range ±0.005 m/s (0.016 ft/s) – possibly higher on smaller diameter pipes. If a greater figure is shown, it is worth

calibrating the offset to obtain a more accurate result. Continue as follows:

3: Operating Procedures

3. Press the Options key to access the FLOW READING OPTION screen shown.

4. Select Set zero flow (m/s) and press the ENTER key.

5. Press ENTER on the subsequent screen to accept the change, which will return you to the screen shown.

6. Scroll down to select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

Key Point: In order to cancel any applied offset, you must either read flow via Quick Start or switch the PUF instrument OFF & ON. Any value that you trim-out using the

offset adjustment will be added/subtracted from the flow reading across the whole range.

3.5.3 Adjusting the calibration factor

Key Point: USE THIS FACILITY WITH CARE & ONLY WHERE NECESSARY

The PUF instrument is fully calibrated before leaving the factory and under normal circumstances does not require further calibration when used on site.

This facility can be used to correct the flow indication where unavoidable errors occur due to the lack of a straight pipe or where the sensors are forced to be fitted close to the pipeend, valve, junction etc.

Any adjustment must be made using a reference flowmeter fitted in the system.

FLOW READING OPTION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total

With the system running:

1. Stop ( Stall) the PUF’s totalizer facility and zero it (Paragraph 3.6.1).

2. Run the PUF’s totalizer to measure the total flow over a 30 to 60 minute period, and note the total flow indicated by the reference flow meter over the same period.

3. Calculate the % error between the PUF and reference meters. If the error is greater than ±1% calibrate the PUF as detailed below.

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3: Operating Procedures

4. Press the Options key to access the FLOW

READING OPTION screen shown.

5. Scroll down and select Calibration factor.

6. Change the calibration factor according to the

error calculated in step 3. For example, if the PUF was reading 1% high then increase the Calibration factor value by 0.010. Conversely, if the reading is 1% low then decrease the calibration factor to 0.990.

7. Press the Enter key to apply the change.

8. Select Roughness factor or Exit as

required.

3.5.4 Adjusting the roughness factor

The roughness factor compensates for the condition of the internal pipe wall, as a rough surface will cause turbulence and affects the flow profile of the liquid. In most situations it is not possible to inspect the pipe internally and the true condition is not known. In these circumstances experience has shown that the following values can be used:

Pipe Material Roughness Factor

Non ferrous metal Glass Plastics Light metal

FLOW READING OPTION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total

Reset –Total Calibration factor : 1.000 Roughness factor : 0.01 Diagnostics Select Totals : Both Exit

0.01

Drawn steel pipes:

• Fine planed, polished surface

• Plane surface

• Rough planed surface

Welded steel pipes, new:

• Long usage, cleaned

• Lightly and evenly rusted

• Heavily encrusted

Cast iron pipes:

• Bitumen lining

• New, without lining

• Rusted / Encrusted

0.01

0.1

1.0

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With the system running in FLOW READING mode:

3: Operating Procedures

1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW READING OPTION screen shown.

2. Scroll down and select Roughness factor.

3. Change the roughness factor according to the pipe material and condition as described above.

4. Press the ENTER key to apply the change.

3.5.5 Adjusting the damping factor

By averaging-out the flow rate over several seconds, the Damping factor can be used to smooth out rapid changes in flow rate to prevent wild fluctuations in the displayed flow value. It has a range of 1, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, seconds, with a default setting of 10.

With the system running in FLOW READNG mode:

1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW READING OPTION screen shown.

2. Scroll down and select Damping (secs).

3. This will open the DAMPING OPTIONS screen.

FLOW READING OPTION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total

Reset –Total Calibration factor : 1.000 Roughness factor : 0.01 Diagnostics Select Totals : Both Exit

FLOW READING OPTION

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Reset –Total Calibration factor : 1.000 Roughness factor : 0.01 Diagnostics Select Totals : Both Exit

4. Select the value of the Damping factor as required to remove any unwanted display fluctuations. Increasing the value applies a greater smoothing affect.

5. Press the ENTER key to apply the selection and return to the FLOW READING OPTIONS screen.

Key Point: If the damping factor is set too high, the value displayed may appear stable but it may exhibit large step changes when the value is updated.

DAMPING OPTIONS

1 second 10 seconds 15 seconds 20 seconds 30 seconds 50 seconds

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

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3: Operating Procedures

3.6 Performing Monitoring & Logging Functions

This procedure shows you how to set up a basic logging session under manual start/stop control. Logged data is saved to the instrument’s memory and can be downloaded to a PC at a later time. Either

-Flow Rate or +Flow Rate and ±Totals can be logged to Memory, RS232 or both. Totals are always logged and can be selectively down loaded after the logging has stopped.

Key Point: To view the totals on the screen and send them to the RS232/USB output as they are logged, you have to select the required option in the Data Logger menu before setting up the flow reading.

3.6.1 How to measure totalized flows (manually)

The basic measurement indicated on the FLOW READING screen is the instantaneous flow rate, which in some applications may vary over a period of time. Average flow rates are therefore often required in order to get a better understanding of an application’s true performance. This is simply achieved by noting the total flow over a specific period (for example 30 to 60 minutes) and then calculating the average flow rate over that period of time.

1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW

READING OPTION screen shown.

2. If the Totalizer is indicating Run, select it and

change it to Stall. Press the ENTER key.

3. Select Reset +Total and press the ENTER

key.

4. Press the ENTER key from the subsequent

screen to accept the reset.

5. Press the ENTER key again to return to the FLOW

READING OPTIONS menu.

6. Select Reset –Total and press the ENTER key.

7. Press the ENTER key on the subsequent screen to accept the reset.

8. Press the ENTER key again to return to the FLOW READING OPTIONS menu.

9. Note and record the current time.

10. Select Totalizer and change it to Run. Press the ENTER key. Note: the totalizers begin to count up as soon as

Totalizer is put to Run.

FLOW READING OPTION

Data review Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Stall Reset +Total

FLOW READING OPTION DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00 Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00 Damping (secs) : 10 Totalizer : Run Reset +Total Reset –Total

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

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3: Operating Procedures

12.34

11. Scroll down and select Exit to return to the FLOW READING screen which will now indicate

the instantaneous flow together with the totalized flow. Note that in some installation s th e me asu red flow can be in either direction. When this is the case, the upstream flow is shown separately in the –Total field.

Calculating the average flow

To calculate the average flow, wait for the allotted monitoring period to expire then divide the indicated tota l flow by the time taken. This will give you the average flow in m/s, galls/hour or whatever units you select.

Note that in a bi-directional flow situation you must calculate the difference between the indicated positive and negative flow totals before carrying out the average flow rate calculation.

How to stop the totalizer temporarily

If you want to stop the totalizer temporarily for operational reasons, set the Totalizer option to Stall in the FLOW READING OPTIONS screen as described above. This will stop the totalizer operation without affecting its

current values.

3.6.2 Display of totalizers

1. To change the display of the totalizers, select the Select Totals menu item from the FLOW READING OPTION menu.

2. The display of the totals on the FLOW READING screen is controlled by this menu.

3. Select one, both or no totals to be displayed. The default is the display of Both totalizers.

4. Press the ENTER key.

FLOW READING DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Signal

gal/min

+Total: 300.0 gal –Total: 0.00 gal

FLOW READING OPTION

Off Both +Total

-Total

Qxx.xx%

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Note: This menu selection only affects the Display of the totalizer. Unless the totalizers are stalled , the recorded volume will still be incremented and the totals will be logged irrespective of the display setting.

3.6.3 How to set up the basic logging application to memory

This procedure shows you how to set up a basic logging session under manual start/stop control. The logged data is saved to the instrument’s memory and can be downloaded to a PC at a later time.

Starting point

This procedure assumes that the PUF instrument has been correctly installed and is operating in the FLOW READING mode.

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3: Operating Procedures

Setting up and starting the logging

1. With the PUF operating in FLOW READING mode, check that the indicated flow units are the same as those you want to appear on the logger output (e.g. gal/min).

2. Press the Logger function key to access the REAL TIME LOGGER screen.

3. Select Log data to and choose Memory to store the log to the instrument’s internal memory.

4. Select Logging interval and enter the required period (e.g. 10 seconds).

5. Select Clear log if you want to discard any existing logging data.

6. Select START NOW.

7. This screen appears only if a log already exists for the QuickStart site. It allows you to either

delete or save the existing log, or cancel the START NOW request.

REAL TIME LOGGER DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS 4-20mA O/P is ON. Qxx.xx% Unit : gal/min Log name : Quickstart Log data to : Memory Logging interval : 10 seconds Start date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Stop date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph START NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

ERR:Log not empty

Press  to confirm deletion Press Press

U to save log and continue

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

V to cancel

If you choose to save the existing log it will be saved to the highest number site that does not currently have an

attached log (e.g. EmptySite19, EmptySite18.... etc). The name of the site to which the log is saved will be

changed to CopyQS_xx (where xx is a numerical value which is incremented each time a log is saved). For example: if EmptySite19 is available when you elect to save the QuickStart log, the log is saved to

EmptySite19 and the sitename is changed to CopyQS_1

Key Point: When setting up a named site it is advisable to run a brief logging session on the new site to establish a data log file, as this will prevent the site name being overwritten when saving the QuickStart log, as described above.

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View log as text

3: Operating Procedures

8. The VIEW LOG AS TEXT screen displays the log events in date-stamped chronological order.

Note: Press key 5 to go to the top line of logged data or key 6 to go to the bottom line.

9. Press the ENTER key to return to the REAL TIME LOGGER screen. Then select Exit to return to

the FLOW READING screen. Logging will continue to take place in the background.

Key Point: There can be only one set of logged data per site. If a new data log is started on a site it will clear the existing data.

View log as a graphic

10. If you want to view the logging progress graphically rather than as text, press the

Logger function key to get to the REAL TIME LOGGER screen.

11. Select Graph Y axis max and enter a value equal to the expected maximum flow.

12. Select View log as graph. This will open the VIEW LOG AS GRAPH screen shown below.

13. You can select the data at any point in time by scrolling along the time axis of the graph using the LEFT/RIGHT scroll keys (5 & 6). The data values for the selected point are then shown to the left of the graph. Keep the scroll key pressed for the cursor to move automatically.

VIEW LOG AS TEXT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS Logging to memory Log:Quickstart Date Time Flow Totals DD-MM-YY hh:mm:ss xxx.xx DD-MM-YY hh:mm:ss xxx.xx DD-MM-YY hh:mm:ss xxx.xx DD-MM-YY hh:mm:ss xxx.xx

-------- DD-MM-YY hh:mm:ss xxx.xx L/m

REAL TIME LOGGER 4-20mA O/P is ON. Qxx.xx% Unit : gal/min Log name : Quickstart Log data to : Memory Logging interval : 10 seconds Start date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Stop date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph START NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

14. If you want to change the value of the Y axis to improve the resolution of the graph press the UP/DOWN scroll keys. The maximum values will then increase/decrease as appropriate.

15. To exit the VIEW LOG AS GRAPH screen and return to the REAL TIME LOGGER screen press the ENTER key.

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VIEW LOG AS GRAPH DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS Qxx.xx%

50.00 Log: Quickstart Point: XXX/XXX Value: xx.xx dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss gal/min –50.00

3: Operating Procedures

Monitoring the logged events at a later time

16. If you wish to monitor the logging progress at any time while you are operating in FLOW READING mode, press the Logger function key as described above to switch to the REAL TIME LOGGER screen. Y ou can then select View log as text or View log as graph, as required, without interfering with the logging operation.

Stop logging

17. From the FLOW READING screen, press the Logger function key to access the REAL TIME LOGGER screen.

18. Select STOP NOW to cease logging. Note that the START NOW and STOP NOW options toggle depending on which was last selected.

19. Select Exit to return to the FLOW READING screen.

Note that the logged data will remain stored in the instrument’s memory and can be accessed at any time as described above.

3.6.4 How to set up automatic (timed) logging mode

This procedure shows you how to set up an auto logging session under timed start/stop control. The logged data is saved to the instrument’s memory and can be downloaded to a PC at a later time.

Starting point

This procedure assumes that the PUF has been correctly installed and operating in the FLOW READING mode. Also, that the instrument’s date and time are correctly set.

Setting up, starting and cancelling auto logging

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph STOP NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Key Point: When entering the Start and Stop times in this procedure, you must enter ‘00’ in the seconds field rather than leave it blank, otherwise an error message is displayed.

Key Point: If you enter a Start time later than the Stop time you will see an error message until the stop time has been set to be later. This does not however affect the operation of the equipment once the correct times have been set.

1. With the PUF operating in FLOW READING mode, check that the indicated flow units are the same as those you want to appear on the logger output (e.g. gal/min)

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3: Operating Procedures

2. Press the Logger function key to access the REAL TIME LOGGER screen.

3. Select Log data to and choose Memory. This will store the log to the internal memory.

4. Select Logging interval and enter the required period.

5. Select Start date & time and enter the date and time you wish logging to commence. Note this must be in the future.

Note: If the log is not empty then a warning screen will be displayed, and when a key is pressed the menu will be displayed with the cursor at the Clear Log item. The log must be cleared before new times can be entered.

6. Select Stop date & time and enter the date and time you wish logging to cease. Note this must be later than the start time.

7. If the instrument is to be left unattended for a long logging period, it could possibly fill the log memory. To determine how the instrument should react in such circumstances, select Extended Intervals from the REAL TIME LOGGER screen and select the required option from the EXTENDED INTERVALS screen as described below:

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph START NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

EXTENDED INTERVALS Qxx.xx% Stop Overwrite Daily Weekly Monthly

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

a) Stop: The default state, and when the memory is full any active logging will stop. b) Overwrite: Allows logging to continue after the memory is full by erasing the oldest sample and

replacing it with the latest.

Note: The three options below must be selected before the times and dates are entered in Start Time and Date and Stop Time and Date.

c) Daily: Activates logging for part of each day as defined by the Start Time and Stop time. When

selected, and the logging is started via the Set Auto start option, the flow value will be logged each day between the times specified. The Stop Time must be later than the Start Time. The data will be accumulated into a single file.

d) Weekly: This is similar to Daily in that the active logging period is defined by the Start Time and

Stop Time. The difference is that with Weekly the logging occurs every 7 days, with the start day being defined by the selected Start Date.

e) Monthly: This is similar to Daily in that the active logging period is defined by the Start Time and

Stop Time. The difference is that with Monthly the data is logged on the day of the month specified in the Start Date. If this is set to 29, 30 or 31, and the current month does not have this number of days, logging will occur on the last day of the month.

Note: if you select to clear all logs you will lose all the currently held log data.

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3: Operating Procedures

8. Select Set auto start. This enables the auto

logging application.

Note: If Set Auto start is enabled with valid start and stop times, this entry will change to Cancel Auto start.

9. T o cancel the automatic logging session before it

commences, click the Cancel Auto Start.

10. Select Exit to return to the FLOW READING

screen.

Monitoring the logged events

11. If you wish to view the logging progress at any time while you are operating in FLOW READING mode, press

the Logger function key as described above to access the REAL TIME LOGGER screen. Y ou can then select View log as text or View log as graph, as required, without interfering with the logging operation. This is described in detail in procedure Paragraph 3.6.3.

Manually stopping the auto logging session

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph START NOW Cancel Auto Start Clear log Exit

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

12. The logging session will stop automatically at the

programmed Stop date & time.

13. If you wish to manually stop logging earlier than

programmed, press the Logger function key to access the REAL TIME LOGGER screen then select STOP NOW to cease logging.

14. Select Exit to return to the FLOW READING

screen.

Note: The logged data will remain stored in the instrument’s memory and can be viewed at any time as described above.

Note: The REAL TIME LOGGER Sleep Mode function is not implemented in the PUF instrument.

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph STOP NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

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3.6.5 How to log directly to a PC

Selection made during logging set-up

3: Operating Procedures

1. In the previous procedures the logging data was routed to the PUF’s internal memory where it was stored for later download to a PC/printer. However, you could have sent it directly to the PC or printer for ‘live’ data display by selecting

Comms in the Log data to option in the REAL TIME LOGGER screen.

2. In order for this to work correctly, the PUF must be connected to the PC and the RS232/USB link already established.

Swapping data destinations during a logging session

When a logging session is in progress the PUF is normally in the FLOW READING mode. In this mode you can switch the logging data destination by pressing the Logger function key and then selecting either Memory or Comms in the Log data to field – see the screen above. You can also select Both, to route the data to both destinations simultaneously.

Key Point: This will only work if the PUF is connected to the PC and the RS232 link has already been established. If the RS232 protocol has not been configured, you can access the RS232 set-up screen by returning to the FLOW READING screen and then pressing the Comms button.

REAL TIME LOGGER DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS 4-20mA O/P is ON. Qxx.xx% Unit : gal/min Log name : Quickstart Log data to : Comms Logging interval : 10 seconds Start date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Stop date & time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss

MM DD HH MM SS Remaining time : mm dd hh mm ss Sleep Mode : Off Extended Intervals : Stop Graph Y axis max. : 50 View log as text View log as graph STOP NOW Set Auto start Clear log Exit

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3: Operating Procedures

3.6.6 How to download logged data to a PC

This procedure describes how to download stored data to a PC. It assumes that the PUF is already connected to the PC’s serial port and that RS232/USB communication has been established, as described in Paragraph 3.7.1.

1. Access the MAIN MENU.

Note: If this is done from the FLOW READING screen, any logging currently taking place will be terminated.

2. Select Data Logger from the MAIN MENU.

3. Select Choose from list of sites and select the name of the site to download.

4. The totals are always logged. If you wish to display them when either viewing a log or downloading it to a PC or printer, then use the options in Select Log Totals. The default is Off. (Portagraph III does not display the totals, even if they are enabled).

5. If you want to view the log prior to downloading it, you can do so using the View log as text or View log as graph options.

6. When you are ready to begin downloading the

log, select Download log.

7. From the DOWNLOAD LOG screen select USB or RS232, then select Send from the subsequent confirmation screen.

8. The selected logged data is now downloaded to the PC.

9. Upon completion, select Exit to return to the VIEW LOGGED DATA screen.

10. On the VIEW LOGGED DATA screen you can now Clear the log if required, or Exit directly back to the MAIN MENU.

VIEW LOGGED DATA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Choose from list of sites View log as text View log as graph Graph Y axis max. : 1.00 Download log Clear log

Select Log Totals : Off Exit

VIEW LOGGED DATA

Off Both +Total –Total

DOWNLOAD LOG DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Select Serial port or printer & press  USB RS232 Exit

Qxx.xx%

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Qxx.xx%

Key Point: When using the USB to download data, make sure that the USB driver has been installed and the correct COM port has been set (see Paragraph 2.3).

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3.7 Configuring the PUF Communications Interfaces

3.7.1 How to set-up an RS232 connection

If you want to download a stored data log, or output live data logging to a PC, you must first establish RS232 communication between the PC and the data logger. (Download is also possible using USB.)

This procedure provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a HyperTerminal connection, which is a standard Windows® XP application (not available on Vista). The default location of HyperTerminal is: Start>All

Programs>Accessories>Communications>HyperTerminal

Setting up a HyperTerminal connection

1. Open HyperTerminal. The Connection Description dialogue box will appear.

2. Enter a name for the connection (PUF Download in the example) then click OK.

3: Operating Procedures

3. Select a COM port, then click OK.

Note: The available COM ports will vary between individual PC installations.

4. Enter values for the Port Settings as shown.

5. Click on OK.

6. The ‘PUF Download’ Terminal settings will now be saved.

Note: When you next start a HyperTerminal session, you can select the ‘PUF Download’ terminal from the File>Open menu rather than having to re-enter the parameters.

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3: Operating Procedures

7. The main HyperTerminal

window will now become active (note the connection name now shown in the title bar).

8. Leave this window open while

you configure the PUF’s RS232 parameters.

Configuring the PUF instrument

9. Select Setup RS232 / USB from the MAIN

MENU. This will access the SETUP RS232/USB

screen shown here.

10. Set the RS232 parameters as shown opposite.

Note: The selected Baud Rate must also be available on the receiving terminal.

Testing the RS232 connection

11. Ensure the PUF is connected to the PC’s serial port using the cable provided.

12. In the SETUP RS232/USB screen select Printer test.

13. The PUF’s serial number should now appear in the HyperTerminal window – see Figure 3.1 on Page 40. This proves that the link is working.

3.7.2 How to set-up a USB connection

In order to use a USB connection, you must first install the special USB driver as detailed in Paragraph 2.3. This will set up a virtual port through which the PUF can communicate.

When you make the connection with the computer use the same technique as described above for setting up an RS232 communications session through HyperTerminal. But in this case when you are asked to select a Com Port, choose the virtual port set up by the driver installation.

Once this is done, provided the PUF and computer communications protocols are set to the same values (Handshaking, Start bits, Stop bits, Parity etc), the two devices should be able to communicate in the same manner as described for the RS232.

SETUP RS232 / USB DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Handshaking : None Baud Rate : 38400 Data Bits : 8 Stop Bits : 2 Parity : None New line : CR+LF

Printer test : Exit

Qxx.xx%

3.7.3 Working With Portagraph III

Dwyer supplies the ‘Portagraph III Downloading and Graphing’ software to make it easy for the user to download logged data to a PC. Once downloaded, the logged data can be analyzed using the Portagraph III graphing capability, or exported to Microsoft® Excel® for more detailed graphing and analysis. The software application connects to the PUF instrument via the RS232 or USB serial interface.

For full details of Portagraph III operation, refer to the Portagraph III User Manual.

Microsoft® and Excel® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

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3.8 Configuring the Current / Pulse Output

The Current/Pulse Output connector provides two output signals that are proportional to the measured fluid flow. The first is a current signal calibrated to a standard control range (e.g. 4 to 20 mA), and the second is a pulse output. It is permissible to use both outputs simultaneously.

3.8.1 Current output

Using the instrument’s menu system, the operator can use the following procedures to:

• Select the current output function Off/On.

• Select the current output signal range (4-20mA, 0-20mA, 0-16mA).

• Calibrate the current output signal to a required flow range.

Turning the 4 to 20 mA output OFF/ON

3: Operating Procedures

1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the 4-20mA function key.

This will access the 4-20mA OUTPUT screen.

2. The ON/OFF status of the 4-20mA output is shown on line 2 of the display.

3. To change the ON/OFF status select Output Range and press the ENTER key.

4. Select Off, to turn OFF the 4-20mA Output or select one of the output ranges to turn it ON.

5. Press the ENTER key to return to the 4-20mA OUTPUT screen.

4 to 20 mA signal calibration and ranging

Key Point: The 4 to 20 mA output has been calibrated in the factory and should not require further adjustment. In the rare event that re-calibration is necessary, this procedure should be carried out only by a trained engineer.

This procedure describes how to calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output and ‘scale’ it to operate over a defined flow-rate range.

Signal calibration

4-20 mA OUTPUT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS 4-20 mA O/P is ON mA Output Reading : 0.00 Output Range : 4-20 Units : gal/min Flow at max. output : 0.00 Flow at min. output : 0.00 Output mA for error : 22.00

Exit

4-20 mA OUTPUT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS Qxx.xx% Off 4-20mA 0-20mA 0-16mA

Qxx.xx%

1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN

MENU to access the SETUP INSTRUMENT

screen.

2. Select Calibrate 4-20mA.

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SETUP INSTRUMENT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss Calibrate 4-20mA Pulse output Backlight : Disabled Factory settings Change Language

Exit

3: Operating Procedures

3. Connect a calibrated ammeter to the 4 to 20 mA

output and adjust the UP/DOWN Scroll keys (Coarse) and LEFT/RIGHT Scroll keys 5 & 6 (fine) until the output is exactly 4.0 mA. The DAC should indicate approximately 8000.

4. Press the ENTER key when done.

5. With the meter still connected to the 4 to 20 mA

output adjust the Scroll keys to obtain an output of exactly 20 mA. The DAC should indicate approximately 40000.

6. Press the ENTER key when done.

4 to 20 mA Signal scaling

Note: The 4 to 20 mA can be set to represent a particular flow range. It is also possible to enter a negative figure

for the minimum output and this would enable a reverse flow to be monitored.

7. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the 4-20mA function key .

This will access the 4-20mA OUTPUT screen.

8. Select Flow at max. output and enter a value of the flow rate that you want to associate with a 20 mA output.

9. Select Flow at min. output and enter a value of the flow rate that you want to associate with a 4 mA output. This could be ‘0’.

CALIBRATE 4mA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Adjust the output current to 4mA

Use

UV to set, 5/6 to trim

DAC Value: 8000

Press

CALIBRATE 20mA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

 when done

Adjust the output current to 20mA

Use

UV to set, 5/6 to trim

DAC Value: 40000

Press

4-20 mA OUTPUT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS 4-20 mA O/P is ON mA Output Reading : 0.00 Output Range : 4-20 Units : gal/min Flow at max. output : 0.00 Flow at min. output : 0.00 Output mA for error : 22.00

Exit

 when done

Qxx.xx%

10. Select Output mA for error and enter a value (default is 22 mA) that you want the 4 to 20 mA output to produce in the event of an error (e.g. if the flow-rate is outside the set range).

11. Upon completion press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

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Converting the measured current to flow rate

4 8 12 16 20

max

Flow (gal/min)

I (mA)

min

[0-16 mA scale]

[0-20 mA scale]

[4-20 mA scale]

Flow rate

maxFmin

–()×

------------------------------------------ - F

min

Flow rate

maxFmin

–()×

------------------------------------------ - F

min

Flow rate

I 4–()F

maxFmin

–()×

16()

-------------------------------------------------------- - F

min

Assume the maximum flow rate is F

(gal/min) and the minimum flow rate F

max

To calculate the flow rate (gal/min) for a measured current I mA then:

3: Operating Procedures

is ‘0’ (gal/min), as shown.

min

0-20 mA 0-16 mA 4-20 mA

3.8.2 Pulse output

The pulse output can be used in two modes, ‘volumetric’ and ‘frequency’. When operating in the ‘volumetric’ mode a pulse is produced every time a pre-selected volume of liquid passes through the pipe; and when in the ‘frequency’ mode the output is a continuous pulse-train with a frequency proportional to the flow rate (gal/min).

Using the instrument’s menu system, the operator can use the following procedures to:

• Select the pulse output function Off/On/Frequency.

• Volumetric mode – select the output pulse width and volume per pulse.

• Frequency mode – select the maximum pulse frequency and the corresponding maximum flow rate.

Turning the pulse output OFF/ON (volumetric mode)

1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the Pulse function key to

access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.

2. A Pulse output is ON (or OFF) message appears in the second line of the display.

3. To change the pulse output operational status, select the Output menu option then select Off/ On as required.

4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

PULSE OUTPUT

Pulse output is ON

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Qxx.xx% Flow units : gal Output : On Vol per pulse : 10.00 Pulse width (ms) : 10 Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00 Flow at Max Freq : 200.00

Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0 Exit

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3: Operating Procedures

Generating a ‘Test’ pulse

If the PULSE OUTPUT menu screen is accessed from the SETUP INSTRUMENT menu, you can generate a ‘test’ pulse by selecting Flow units and pressing the Option key.

Note: This does not apply if the PULSE OUTPUT menu is accessed by pressing the Pulse key when operating in the FLOW READING mode.

Calibrating the pulse output signal range (volumetric mode)

1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the Pulse function key to

access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.

2. To change the Flow units shown in this menu you must return to the FLOW READING screen and select the required units using keys 7,8 and

3. Select Vol per pulse and enter the required value. In the example shown, a 10 ms pulse is produced for every 10 gallons of flow.

Note: The pulse Output must be Off in order to change the Volume per pulse.

4. Select a Pulse width (in ms) to suit the particular application – e.g. electro-mechanical counter. Refer to the manufacturer’s data sheet for the minimum pulse width.

5. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

Selecting the pulse output frequency mode

1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the Pulse function key to

access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.

2. To change the pulse output to ‘frequency’ mode, select the Output menu option then select Frequency as required.

3. A1 Pulse Frequency is ON message appears in the second line of the display.

4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.

PULSE OUTPUT

Pulse output is ON

Flow units : gal Output : On Vol per pulse : 10.00 Pulse width (ms) : 10 Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00 Flow at Max Freq : 200.00

Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0 Exit

PULSE OUTPUT

A1 Pulse Frequency is ON

Flow units : gal Output : Frequency Vol per pulse : 10.00 Pulse width (ms) : 10 Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00 Flow at Max Freq : 200.00

Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0 Exit

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Qxx.xx%

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Qxx.xx%

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Calibrating the pulse frequency range

Calculated Pulse Value

Flow at Max Freq

Max Pulse Freq (Hz)

------------------------------------------------- -=

3: Operating Procedures

1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW READING mode, press the Pulse function key

to access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.

2. Select Max Pulse Freq (Hz) and enter the required value.

3. Select Flow at Max Freq and enter the required value (gal/min).

4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen

The Calculated Pulse Value field is automatically calculated as:

This value is often required to be programmed into the device that is receiving the pulses to enable it to calculate the correct flow rate – for example, when connecting the pulse output to an energy meter.

PULSE OUTPUT

A1 Pulse Frequency is ON

Flow units : gal Output : Frequency Vol per pulse : 10.00 Pulse width (ms) : 10 Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00 Flow at Max Freq : 200.00

Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0 Exit

3.9 Printing

Logged data can be printed using an RS232-compatible printer.

3.9.1 How to print logged data using the RS232 printer

This procedure shows you how to set up and use the RS232 printer to print logged data.

Setting up an RS232 connection

1. Connect the PUF to the printer using the printer cable supplied. This cable is fitted with a 9-way D-Type plug terminated as follows:

DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Qxx.xx%

Pin 1 – N/C (No connection) Pin 3 – RxD data from printer to PUF Pin 5 – Signal ground Pin 7 – N/C Pin 9 – N/C

2. Select Setup RS232 / USB from the MAIN

MENU. This will access the SETUP RS232/USB screen shown here.

3. Set the RS232 parameters to comply with those

for the printer.

4. Ensure that the printer has sufficient paper, is switched ON and ON LINE.

Pin 2 – TxD data from PUF to printer Pin 4 – N/C Pin 6 – N/C Pin 8 – N/C

SETUP RS232 / USB DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Handshaking : Xon/Xoff Baud Rate : 1200 Data Bits : 8 Stop Bits : 1 Parity : None New line : CR+LF

Printer test : Exit

Qxx.xx%

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3: Operating Procedures

Printer test

5. To check that the PUF printer interface is operational, select Printer test from the SETUP RS232/USB

menu. If the RS232 interface is working correctly the software revisions and serial number will be printed:

Figure 3.1 Printer test results in Terminal window

If nothing is printed, check that the RS232 parameter settings are correct for the printer and that the PUF TxD and RxD signals are compatible with the printer’s RS232 interface. A gender changer may be required to swap the TxD and RxD signals.

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Printing logged data

3: Operating Procedures

1. Select View Logged Data from the MAIN MENU. This will display the VIEW LOGGED DATA

screen shown.

2. Select Choose from list of sites and select the site name for the log you want to print.

3. When you are ready to begin printing the log, select Download log.

4. From the DOWNLOAD LOG screen select RS232. This will open the SETUP RS232/USB screen shown below.

5. Select Send from the SETUP RS232/USB screen. The printer should now start printing.

6. The message screen will be displayed while printing takes place (see next page).

VIEW LOGGED DATA DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Choose from list of sites View log as text View log as graph Graph Y axis max. : 1.00 Download log Clear log

Select Log Totals : Off Exit

DOWNLOAD LOG DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Select Serial port or printer & press USB RS232 Exit

SETUP RS232/USB

Send Exit



DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

7. Printing will continue until all logged data is output or until the

Note: The printer will continue printing until its print buffer is empty, which may take a few minutes.

 key is pressed.

SETUP RS232/USB DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS

Data is being downloaded on RS232

This screen will clear when download is completed. Press

 to cancel Download

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4: Maintenance & Repair

WARNING

4: Maintenance & Repair

4.1 Introduction

The Series PUF is not field serviceable and should be returned if repair is needed. Field repair should not be attempted and may void warranty

Do not disassemble this unit.

Return the unit to an approved service agent or place of purchase for

4.2 General care

The following notes are provided as a guide to general equipment care.

1. Ensure the unit is switched off and disconnected from the mains, then wipe the exterior of the instrument with

a clean, damp cloth or paper towel. The use of a solvent may damage the surface.

2. The instrument contains a rechargable battery, dispose safely and in accordance with the local regulations in

force in the country of operation.

3. Ensure all cables and connectors are kept clean and free from grease or contaminants. Connectors may be

cleaned with a general purpose cleaner if necessary.

4. Avoid the use of excessive grease/ultrasonic couplant on the sensors as this may impair the performance of

the equipment. Excessive grease/couplant can be removed from the sensors and transducer holders using an absorbent paper towel and a general purpose solvent cleaner.

5. We recommend that the ultrasonic couplant is replaced on the sensors every 6 months, especially on pipes

where the application is too hot to touch. If the signal level drops below 30% this is also an indication that the sensors need re-greasing.

6. Regularly check all cables/parts for damage. Replacement parts are available from Dwyer.

7. Ensure the person who services your instrument is qualified to do so. If in doubt, return the instrument to

Dwyer with a detailed report on the nature of any problem.

8. Ensure that suitable precautions are taken when using any materials to clean the instrument/sensors.

9. If the instrument was supplied with dust or dirt caps make sure they are re-fitted when the instrument is not in

use.

further advice.

4.3 Warranty / Return

Refer to “Terms and Condition of Sales” in our catalog and on our website. Contact Customer Service to receive a Return Goods Authorization number before shipping the product back for repair. Be sure to include a brief description of the problem plus any additional application notes,

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5: Troubleshooting

5.1 Overview

If you have a problem with your flow monitoring system it can be due to any of the following:

Faulty instrument

If you suspect the instrument is faulty, you can check it out using a test block as described in Paragraph 5.4. This will establish that the instrument is functional and receiving a healthy signal from the connected transducers.

Incorrect setup

A low, or zero, signal could be caused by incorrect set-up such as:

• Incorrect site data entered into the instrument.

• Incorrect or non-matching ultrasonic transducers selected for use.

• Incorrectly fitted transducers – lack of couplant applied, incorrect spacing, insecure attachment.

• Poor connections between the probes and the instrument.

Application problem

If you are certain that the instrument is healthy and suitably set-up for the current site, and the probes are properly assembled and fitted correctly, there could be an application problem concerned with th e site.

Check such conditions such as:

Poor pipe outer surface quality

• Uneven surface preventing good surface contact with the transducer.

• Flaking paint (should be removed).

• Variable air gap in concrete-covered pipes affecting the ultrasonic signal quality.

Poor internal pipe construction

• Rough internal pipe walls affecting fluid flow (see roughness factor).

• Internal welds positioned in the transducer signal path affecting the signal quality.

• The ‘drippings’ in galvanized-dipped pipes or other irregularities interfering with the signal path.

Incorrect probe location

• Transducers located too close to bends or valves, disturbing the flow profile.

• Transducers located too close to insertion probes, di sturbing the flow profile.

• For horizontal pipework, transducers should not be positioned on the top of the pipe.

Poor fluid conditions within the pipe

• Fluid contains bubbles, high particle density or sludge.

• Air in the top of the pipe.

Low fluid flow within the pipe

• Pipe obstructions.

• Malfunctioning valve not opening fully (or closed inadvertently).

Liquid content problems

• Multiple liquid contents do not comply accurately to expected sound speed criteria.

• Very hot pipe almost turns water to steam and therefore exhibits the wrong speed characteristics –could

be due to reduced pipe pressure.

• Flashover – liquid turns into a gas because of lower than required pressure.

5: Troubleshooting

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5: Troubleshooting

Is the display blank?

Recharge the battery.

If battery won't recharge then replace the charger (if faulty) or return the instrument for repair.

Turn instrument OFF/ON.

If the display is still scrambled/

hung up press the microprocessor

reset button. Return instrument

for repair if fault still present.

Yes

Is the display scrambled or

hung up?

Yes

Measurement differs from expected value.

Unstable measurements. No (or poor) signal.

Problem probably due to non-constant fluid flow.

Check the following:

- the pipe data has been entered correctly.

- the fluid type has been entered correctly.

- the correct transducer type has been selected.

- the pipe diameter is within specifications of the selected transducers.

- the pipe is completely full.

- the pipe surface is not corroded, or protective surface loose.

- no particles in the fluid.

Ensure the temperature is set correctly.

Ensure that the transducer cables are connected

correctly.

Ensure transducers are positioned in accordance

with the recommended distance from bends etc.

Ensure flow velocity >0.1m/s.

Ensure that sufficient acoustic couplant has been

applied to the transducers.

If triple reflex mode is selected, try selecting

double or single reflex instead.

Check the instrument using the test block.

START

Are any

status messages

shown?

Note any active messages.

Refer to the message table in this

chapter to interpret the messag e

and view suggested response.

Yes

Automatic signal loss recovery

If the signal is lost or the Quality falls below 40%, the set up procedure, normally invoked by Read Flow in the main menu, is automatically run until a good quality signal is found.

5.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure

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Figure 5.1 Troubleshooting chart

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5: Troubleshooting

5.3 Warning & Status Messages

FLOW RATE ERRORS

No flow signal Interpretation: This message appears when the transducers cannot send or receive

signals to each other. Response: Check that all cables are connected, transducers are on the pipe correctly

with sufficient couplant on the face.

Flow signal is poor Interpretation: This warning appears when the signal is lower than 25%.

Response: This could be due to an application problem, a poor quality pipe – see also

the conditions for No flow signal (above). Check for sufficient couplant.

Zero cut-off error! Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Zero cutoff field in

the Options menu.

Response: Enter a valid number.

Totalizer beyond maximum!

PULSE ERRORS

Pulse Rate > Max Interpretation: The flow rate exceeds the capability of the pulse output – i.e. too many

Pulse volume error! Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Pulse volume error

Pulse width error Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Pulse width error

Interpretation: The totalizer has overflowed its maximum count. The counter will rollover and restart from zero but this message alerts you to the fact.

Response: Reset the totalizer as described in Paragraph 3.6.1.

pulses per second are required than can be achieved. Response: Narrow the pulse width time or increase the volume per pulse, as described

on page 38.

field in the PULSE OUTPUT menu – see page 38. Response: Enter a valid number.

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5: Troubleshooting

4 to 20 mA ERRORS

mA out > Max Interpretation: The actual flow is higher than the maximum set on the mA range.

Response: Re-scale the 4 to 20 mA output to be able to cope with the higher flow – see

page 35.

Calibration 20mA Error!

Calibration 4mA Error! NOTE: The 4 to 20 mA output is calibrated before the instrument leaves the factory and

DATA LOGGING ERRORS

Log not empty! Interpretation: Not yet implemented.

Log memory full Interpretation: This occurs when all the data logger memory locations are filled. The

NOTE: The 4 to 20 mA output is calibrated before the instru ment leaves the factory and should not require further adjustment.

Interpretation: You have adjusted the DAC outside its accepted range when calibrating the 20 mA signal output.

Response: Re-calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output – see page 35.

should not require further adjustment.

Interpretation: You have adjusted the DAC outside its accepted range when calibrating the 4 mA signal output.

Response: Re-calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output – see page 35.

effect on the logging process will depend on the setting of the Memory rollover field in the REAL TIME LOGGER screen (which may be set to Stop or Overwrite).

Response: Clear the logger memory, as described in Paragraph 3.6.4.

BATTERY ERRORS

Battery Low Interpretation: The battery has discharged to below 30% remaining. This leaves the

instrument with approximately 4 hours remaining, depending on power usage, before it needs recharging.

Response: Recharge the internal battery at the earliest opportunity. Do not leave the instrument for a prolonged period with a fully discharged battery.

Battery Exhausted Interpretation: The battery is approaching a fully discharged state and the instrument is

about to store the internal data and shut-down. Response: Recharge the battery.

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5: Troubleshooting

SET-UP ERRORS

Pipe OD out of range Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the pipe outside diameter

dimension – i.e. larger or smaller than the unit or sensor can be used on. Response: Enter a valid number.

Wall thickness out of range

Lining thickness out of range

Temperature range Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the fluid temperature.

Invalid Date or Time Interpretation: The entered Date or Time is invalid, or when setting up ‘timed’ data

Sensors: INVALID Interpretation: The selected temperature is higher than the maximum allowed for the

Mode: Err Typ Interpretation: The selected sensors are invalid and the mode cannot be verified.

Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the pipe wall thickness dimension – accepted range is 0.04 - 3.0 inches (1 to 75 mm).

Response: Enter a valid number. Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the lining thickness

dimension – acceptable range is 0 - 0.4 inches (0 to 25 mm). Response: Enter a valid number.

Accepted temperature range -4°F to +572°F ( -20°C to +300°C). Response: Enter a valid number.

logging the Stop time is set earlier than the Start time. Response: Enter a valid Date and Time.

sensor type.

Response: Select alternative sensors or change the temperature.

Response: Select a valid sensor type and choose a mode that gives a non-zero

separation distance.

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5: Troubleshooting

Figure 5.2 Test block

5.4 Test Block

A test block is included with the PUF equipment to allow the transducers and inter-connecting cables to be functionally checked.

1. Switch ON the instrument.

2. Select Quick start and enter the parameters shown in the table below for the appropriate transducer type (A or B):

Parameter A Sensor B Sensors

Pipe outside diameter 1.18 inch 1.97 inch Pipe wall thickness 0.55 inch 0.87 inch Pipe lining thickness 0.0 0.0 Pipe wall material Plastic Plastic Fluid type Water Water Mode Diagonal Diagonal Temp 68°F 68°F

3. When the above data is entered, the SENSOR SEPARATION screen will be displayed.

4. Use the UP/DOWN scroll key to go to the SENSOR SELECTION menu. Select the appropriate sensor (the default will be "A") and press the ENTER key to return to the SENSOR SEPARATION menu.

5. Select Sensor mode and position the cursor at Diagonal and press ENTER to return to the SENSOR SELECTION menu.

6. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the SENSOR SEPARATION screen.

7. Check that the parameters displayed are correct.

8. Apply acoustic couplant to the sensors and attach them to the test block with the connectors positioned towards the center of the test block as shown, and temporarily secure them in place using elastic bands or tape.

9. Connect the sensors to the PUF instrument using the cables provided.

10. Press ENTER to go to the FLOW READING screen.

11. Select the Options key to go to the FLOW READING OPTION menu and set the Damping to at least 10 seconds.

12. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING menu.

13. The flow reading value displayed is not important. The fact that a reading is obtained indicates that the instrument is functioning. This value may fluctuate but this is normal.

14. The signal strength indicator at the left of the display should show 3–4 bars.

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5.5 Microprocessor Reset Facility

In the rare event that the PUF instrument appears to totally hang-up, or the display in indistinguishable, you can reset its microprocessor by carefully inserting a straightened paperclip into the pinhole located in the right-hand side of the instrument to operate the internal reset switch. Hold the paperclip perpendicular to the instrument while doing this.

5.6 Diagnostics Display

This feature is designed for advanced users and is intended to provide information that will aid the user to diagnose problems – e.g. no signal strength.

When operating in the FLOW READING mode you can access a diagnostics screen by pressin g the Options function key and then selecting Diagnostics from the FLOW READING OPTIONS screen. This will display the operating values for the following parameters.

Calculated time (µs)

This is a value the instrument predicts will be the time in µsecs that it should take for the acoustic wave to propagate across a particular pipe size. This value is ascertained from the data entered by the user. i.e. Pipe size, material, sensor set etc.

Actual time (µs)

This is the value the instrument measures as the time taken for the acoustic wave to propagate across the pipe. It is used to see if the signal is being taken from the burst, at the correct time to get the strongest signal. This value is normally a few µs below the calculated µs value. If, however, this value is much greater than the calculated time, there is a problem with the set-up.

5: Troubleshooting

Flow (m/s)

This displays flow velocity in m/s to 3 decimal places.

Signal strength

This is the averaged value of Signal and should be a value between 800 and 1600 – where 800 is approximately 50%, and 1600 is approximately 100%.

Gain

Gain values are typically in the range 600 to 850.

Switches

Typical Switches values are None and *10. On small pipes (and when using the test block) the value should be None. A Switch value of *100 indicates poor sensor set-up or poor connections.

UP/DN time difference

The difference in transit times between the upstream and downstream signals due to the fluid flow.

Fluid propagation rate

This is the sound speed of the fluid calculated using the data entered by the user.

Sensor separation

The same value as displayed in the setup screen.

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6: Specification

GENERAL

DSP Measurement Technique: Transit time. Timing Resolution: 50 pico-second, continuous signal level indication on display. Flow Velocity Range: Minimum Velocity 0.33 ft/s, Max Velocity 65.6 ft/s, Bi-directional. Turn Down Ratio: 100:1 Accuracy: ±0.5% to ±2% of flow reading for flow rate >0.66 ft/s and Pipe ID >3.0 inches (75 mm).

Repeatability: ±0.5% of measured value or ±0.066 ft/s (±0.02 m/s) whichever is the greater. Reynolds Number Correction: Flow velocity corrected for Reynolds number over entire velocity range. Response Time: < 500 ms depending on pipe diameter. Selectable Flow Units: VELOCITY: m/sec, ft/sec.

Selectable Volume Units: L, gal, USgals, Barrel, m³. Total Volume: 12 Digits - forward and reverse.

APPLICABLE FLUID TYPES

Fluid Condition: Clean liquids or oils that have less than 3% by volume of particulate content. Applications include

APPLICABLE PIPE TYPES

Pipe Materials: Any sonic conducting medium such as Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Copper, UPVC, PVDF,

Pipe Dimension (outside diameter): Min 0.5

±3% of flow reading for flow rate >0.66 ft/s and Pipe ID in the range 0.5 to 3.0 inches (13 to 75 mm). ±6% of flow reading for flow rate < 0.66 ft/s.

VOLUME: L/s, L/min, L/h, gal/min, gal/h, USgals/min, USgals/h, Barrel/h, Barrel/day, m³/s, m³/min, m³/h.

river water, sea water, potable water, demineralized water, glycol/water mix, hydraulic systems and diesel oil.

Concrete, Galvanized Steel, Mild Steel, Glass, Brass. Including Lined Pipes - Epoxy, Rubber, Steel, Plastic.

inch (13 mm); Max 197 inches (5000 mm) with D sensor set.

Pipe Wall Thickness: 0.04 to 3.0 inches (1 to 75 mm). Pipe Lining: Applicable pipe linings include Rubber, Glass, Concrete, Epoxy, Steel. Pipe Lining Thickness: 0 to 1.0 inches (0 to 25 mm). Pipe Wall Temperature Range: Standard sensor operating temperature is -4°F to +275°F (-20°C to +135°C).

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6: Specification

TRANSDUCER SETS

Standard: Temperature Range -4°F to +275°F (-20°C to +135°C).

'A-ST' (standard) 0.5 to 'B-ST' (standard) 2 to 79 inch (50 to 2000 mm) pipe OD (1 MHz). 'D' 59 to 197 inch (1500 to 5000 mm) pipe OD (0.5 MHz), with an operating temperature range of

-4°F to +176°F (-20°C to +80°C).

DATA LOGGER

Data Logged: Log application details, flow rate.

Logs data selected in setup, e.g L, gals, USgals, m³ - units may be changed at time of download

by selecting the corresponding unit on the keypad. No. data points: 200K. Time Stamping: All data points are time stamped. No. Sites: 20 sites. No. Data Points Per Site: All free memory can be allocated to any site up to a max of 200,000 data points.

4.5 inch (13 to 115 mm) pipe OD (2 MHz).

Programmable Logging Interval: 5 seconds to 1 hour – Updating on screen the end time of memory remaining as sample units are

selected. At overflow overwrite old data, or user selectable stop logging when memory is full.

Logged data downloadable to PC via USB cable or RS232. Transfer to Windows® or Dwyer user-

compatible software package (optional).

LANGUAGES

Standard Supported Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Norwegian, Dutch, Swedish.

OUTPUTS

USB Interface: Supports USB 2.0 Full Speed (12Mbits/sec) mode, USB software driver provided. Printer/Terminal: Serial RS232-C inc. handshaking. Analogue Output:

Resolution: Alarm Currents: Isolation: Maximum Load:

Pulse Output TTL: Max Current:

(Volumetric mode) Pulse Repetition Rate:

(Frequency mode) Max Pulse Frequency Flow at Max Frequency

4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 0 to 16 mA.

0.1% of full-scale.

Any between 0 to 26 mA.

1500 V Opto-isolated.

620 Ohms.

Opto-isolated MOSFET relay.

150 mA.

Up to 500 pulses/sec (depending on pulse width).

500 ms for 1 pulse/sec.

5 ms for 100 pulses/sec.

200 Hz.

9999 gal/min.

Microsoft® and Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation

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6: Specification

ELECTRICAL

Supply Voltage:

Input Voltage Range: 9 to 24 Vdc. Power Consumption: 10.5 W.

Battery:

Technology: 5-cell NiMH. Capacity: 3.8 AHr. Operating time: Typically 20 hours continuous with backlight and 4 to 20 mA output OFF. Recharge Time: 6.5 Hours. Service Life: >500 charge/discharge cycles.

Power Supply/Charger:

Manufacturer: Mean Well type GE18I12-P1J. Input Voltage Range: 90 to 264 Vac. Input Frequency Range: 47 to 63 Hz. Output Voltage: 12 Vdc. Max. Output Current: 1.2 A. Approvals: CE.

MECHANICAL

Carrying case:

Rating: All components are contained in a hard-wearing IP67 rated carrying case with a protective

moulded foam insert.

Enclosure:

Material: Flame retardant injection moulded ABS. Dimensions: 10.4 x 6.6 x 2.0 inches. Weight (Including Battery): 2.4 lb. Protection: IP54.

Keypad:

No. Keys: 16.

Display:

Format: 240 x 64 pixel graphic display, high contrast black-on-white, with backlight. Viewing Angle: Min 30°, typically 40°.

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ENVIRONMENTAL

Operating Temperature: -4°F to +125°F (-20°C to +50°C). Storage Temperature: -13°F to +150°F (-25°C to +65°C). Operating Humidity: 90% RH MAX at +122°F. Charging Temperature: 32°F to +104°F (0°C to +40°C).

APPROVALS

Safety: BS EN 61010. EMC: BS EN 61326 - 1:2006, BS EN 61326-2-3:2006. Battery Charger: EN61204 - 3.

SHIPPING INFORMATION

Box Dimensions: 16.2 x 8 x 14 inches. Weight: 16.5 lb.

6: Specification

Volumetric Weight: 11.0 lb.

Dwyer reserve the right to alter any specification without notification.

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Dwyer Instruments PUF-1003, PUF-1002, PUF-1001 User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1: General Description

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Principles of Operation

1.3 Supplied Hardware

Standard equipment

Optional equipment

1.4 PUF Instrument

1.4.1 Connectors

1.4.2 Keypad

1.4.3 Power supply and battery charging

1.5 Transducers

2: Installation

2.1 Transducer Positioning

2.2 Transducer Attachment (Type ‘A’ & ‘B’)

2.2.1 Preparation

2.2.2 Attaching the transducer holders

2.2.3 Fitting the transducers

2.3 Installing the USB Virtual Com. Port

3: Operating Procedures

3.1 Setting-up the Instrument

3.1.1 Using the instrument for the first time

Charging the battery

Selecting a language

Setting the Date & Time

3.1.2 Enabling/disabling the backlight

3.2 Using the Quick Start Menu

Entering the site data

Attaching and connecting the transducers

Taking a flow reading

Flow monitoring

3.3 Using the System at a Regularly Monitored Location

Attaching and connecting the transducers

Taking a flow reading

Flow monitoring

3.4 Managing Named Sites

3.4.1 Setting up a new site

3.4.2 Changing a site name

3.5 Instrument Calibration

3.5.1 Adjusting the zero cut-off

3.5.2 Adjusting the set zero flow offset

3.5.3 Adjusting the calibration factor

3.5.4 Adjusting the roughness factor

3.5.5 Adjusting the damping factor

3.6 Performing Monitoring & Logging Functions

3.6.1 How to measure totalized flows (manually)

Calculating the average flow

How to stop the totalizer temporarily

3.6.2 Display of totalizers

3.6.3 How to set up the basic logging application to memory

Starting point

Setting up and starting the logging

View log as text

View log as a graphic

Monitoring the logged events at a later time

Stop logging

3.6.4 How to set up automatic (timed) logging mode

Starting point

Setting up, starting and cancelling auto logging

Monitoring the logged events

Manually stopping the auto logging session

3.6.5 How to log directly to a PC

Selection made during logging set-up

Swapping data destinations during a logging session

3.6.6 How to download logged data to a PC

3.7 Configuring the PUF Communications Interfaces

3.7.1 How to set-up an RS232 connection

Setting up a HyperTerminal connection

Configuring the PUF instrument

Testing the RS232 connection

3.7.2 How to set-up a USB connection

3.7.3 Working With Portagraph III

3.8 Configuring the Current / Pulse Output

3.8.1 Current output

Turning the 4 to 20 mA output OFF/ON

4 to 20 mA signal calibration and ranging

Converting the measured current to flow rate