Series PUB Portable Ultrasonic Flowmeter Kit
Installation and Operating Instructions
Bulletin F-PUB
©Copyright 2012 Dwyer Instruments, Inc. Printed in USA 9/12 Version 1.0
DWYER INSTRUMENTS, INC.
P.O. BOX 373 • MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA 46360, USA
Phone: 219/879-8000 www.dwyer-inst.com
Fax: 219/872-9057 email: info@dwyer-inst.com
Table of Contents
1: General Description 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Principles of Operation 2
1.3 Supplied Hardware 3
1.4 PUB Instrument 4
1.4.1 Connectors 4
1.4.2 Keypad 5
1.4.3 Power supply and battery charging 6
1.5 Transducers 6
2: Installation 7
2.1 Transducer Positioning 7
2.2 Transducer Attachment 8
2.2.1 Preparation 8
2.2.2 Attaching the transducer holders 8
2.2.3 Fitting the transducers 9
3: Operating Procedures 10
3.1 Setting-up the Instrument 11
3.1.1 Using the instrument for the first time 11
3.1.2 Enabling/disabling the backlight 12
3.2 Using the Quick Start Menu 13
3.3 Using the System at a Regularly Monitored Location 16
3.4 Managing Named Sites 18
3.4.1 Setting up a new site 18
3.4.2 Changing a site name 19
3.5 Instrument Calibration 19
3.5.1 Adjusting the zero cut-off 19
3.5.2 Adjusting the set zero flow offset 19
3.5.3 Adjusting the calibration factor 20
3.5.4 Adjusting the roughness factor 21
3.5.5 Adjusting the damping factor 22
3.6 Performing Monitoring Functions 23
3.6.1 How to measure totalized flows (manually) 23
3.6.2 How to stop the totalizer temporarily 24
I
3.7 Configuring the Current / Pulse Output 24
3.7.1 Current output 24
3.7.2 Pulse output 26
4: Maintenance & Repair 29
4.1 Warranty / Return 29
5: Troubleshooting 30
5.1 Overview 30
5.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure 31
5.3 Warning & Status Messages 32
5.4 Test Block 34
5.5 Microprocessor Reset Facility 35
5.6 Diagnostics Display 35
6: Specification 37
II
1: General Description
1.1 Introduction
This manual describes the operation of the Dwyer PUB portable flowmeter. The flowmeter is desi g ne d to work
with clamp-on transducers to enable the flow of a liquid within a closed pipe to be measured accurately without
needing to insert any mechanical parts through the pipe wall or protrude into the flow system.
Using ultrasonic transit time techniques, the PUB is controlled by a micro-processor system which contains a
wide range of data that enables it to be used with pipes with an outside diameter ranging from 0.5 to 40 inches
(13 to 1000 mm), depending on model, and constructed of almost any material. The instrument will also operate
over a wide range of fluid temperatures.
The PUB series comprises two models which are identical in operation but designed to be used with a different
range of pipe diameters. The PUB-A can be used with pipes in the range 0.5 to 4.5
the PUB-B with pipes in the range 2 to 40 inches (50.8 to 1016 mm).
Easy to operate, the PUB standard features are:
• Large, easy to read graphic display with backlighting.
• Simple to follow dual function keypad.
• Simple ‘Quick Start’ set up procedure.
• Continuous signal monitoring.
• Pulse output volumetric or frequency).
• 4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, or 0 to 16 mA output.
• Rechargeable battery.
• Battery management.
• Diagnostics.
Volumetric flow rates are displayed in L/h, L/min, L/sec, gal/min, gal/h, USgals/min, USgals/h, Barrel/h, Barrel/
day, m³/s, m³/min, m³/h. Linear velocity is displayed in meters or feet per second.
When operating in the ‘Flow Reading’ mode the total volumes, both positive and negative, are displayed up to a
maximum 12-digit number.
The flowmeter can be used to measure clean liquids or oils that have less than 3% by volume of particulate
content. Cloudy liquids such as river water and effluent can be measured along with cleaner liquids such as
demineralized water.
Typical PUB applications include:
• River water.
• Seawater.
• Potable water.
• Demineralized water.
• Treated water.
1: General Description
inches (12.7 to 114 mm) and
1
1: General Description
Fluid flow
Fluid flow
Fluid flow
Fluid flow
Fluid flow
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
Separation
Distance
Separation
Distance
Separation
Distance
Separation
Distance
Reflex mode
Reflex mode (double bounce)
Reflex mode (triple bounce)
Diagonal mode
This is the mode most commonly used.
The two transducers (U & D) are attached
to the pipe in line with each other and the
signals passing between them are reflected
by the opposite pipe wall.
The separation distance is calculated by
the instrument in response to entered data
concerning the pipe and fluid characteristics.
In this mode the separation distance is
calculated to give a double bounce. This is
most likely to occur if the pipe diameter is
so small that the calculated reflex mode
separation distance would be impractical
for the transducers in use.
This illustration goes one step further to show
a triple bounce situation. This would normally
apply when working with very small pipes
relative to the transducer range.
This mode might be selected by the
instrument where relatively large pipes are
concerned. In this mode the transducers are
located on opposite sides of the pipe but the
separation distance is still critical in order
for the signals to be received correctly.
Upstream
transducer
1.2 Principles of Operation
When ultrasound is transmitted through a liquid, the speed at which the sound travels through the liquid is
accelerated slightly if it is transmitted in the same direction as the liquid flow, and decelerated slightly if
transmitted against it. The difference in time taken by the sound waves to travel the same distance but in opposite
directions is therefore directly proportional to the flow velocity of the liquid.
The PUB system employs two ultrasonic transducers attached to the pipe carrying the liquid and compares the
time taken to transmit an ultrasound signal in each direction. If the sound characteristics of the fluid are known,
the PUB microprocessor can use the results of the transit time calculations to compute the fluid flow velocity.
Once the flow velocity is known the volumetric flow can be easily calculated for a given pipe diameter. The PUB
system can be set up to operate in one of four modes, determined mainly by the pipe diameter and the transducer
set in use. The diagram below illustrates the importance of applying the correct separation distance between the
transducers to obtain the strongest signal.
Figure 1.1 Operating modes
2
1.3 Supplied Hardware
4 to 20 mA /
Test Block
Power Supply
Pulse Output
Cable
Transducer Cables (x2)
Chains (x2)
Transducer
Transducers
(Sensors x2)
Ultrasonic Couplant
Ruled Separation bar (x2)
PUB Instrument
(Batt. Charger)
Holders (x2)
The PUB equipment is supplied in a rugged polypropylene carrying case fitted with a foam insert to give added
protection for transportation. The supplied components are shown in Figure 1.2.
1: General Description
Figure 1.2 Standard PUB equipment
3
Standard equipment
• PUB instrument with backlit graphic display.
• Power supply - with UK, US, European adaptors. 110/240 VAC.
• 4 to 20 mA/Pulse Output cable.
• 2 lengths of chain.
• Test block.
• Transducer cables (x2) 79 inches (2m) long.
• Transducer set (x2) – type ‘A’ or type ‘B’ depending on model.
• Set of transducer holders used for mounting the transducers.
• Ruled separation bar (2-piece).
• Ultrasonic couplant with syringe dispenser used when mounting the transducers.
• Manual.
1: General Description
Keypad
LCD Display
Battery Charger
4-20mA / Pulse Output Transducer Cables
Reset pin-hole
1.4 PUB Instrument
The PUB is a microprocessor controlled instrument operated through a menu system using an inbuilt LCD display
and keypad. It can be used to display the instantaneous fluid flow rate or velocity, together with totalized values.
The instrument can also provide a variable current or variable ‘pulse’ (volumetric of frequency) output that is
proportional to the detected flow rate. This output can be calibrated to suit a particular flow range and used with a
range of external interface devices such as those found in building management or site monitoring systems.
1.4.1 Connectors
Figure 1.3 Instrument details
Transducer connections
The transducers are connected to two color-coded miniature coaxial sockets located on the top of the instrument.
Using the red/blue connector cables provided, the upstream transducer should always be connected to the RED
socket and the downstream transducer to the BLUE one for a positive flow reading. It is safe to connect or
disconnect the cable while the instrument is switched on.
4 to 20 mA and Pulse output connection
The 4 to 20mA / ‘pulse’ output cable should be connected to the green 7-pin connector on the top of the
flowmeter, as shown in Figure 1.3. A single cable that can be adapted for use for either of these output functions
is included in the PUB kit. The ‘tails’ on the free end of the cable must be terminated to suit the intended
application.
Red – 4 to 20 mA positive
Black – 4 to 20 mA negative
White – Pulse output
Green – Pulse return
Thick Black – Cable screen
Battery charger connection
The supplied battery charger is connected to the instrument by means of the gray 2-pin connector on the bottom
of the unit, as shown in Figure 1.3.
Note: The above connectors have different key-ways to prevent incorrect cable connection.
4
1.4.2 Keypad
ON/OFF
Scroll UP
ENTER
Scroll DOWN
Numerical keypad
Scroll LEFT
Scroll RIGHT
with dual function keys
(SELECT)
The instrument is configured and controlled via a 16-key tactile membrane keypad, as shown in Figure 1.4.
ON/OFF Key
The ON/OFF key is shown on the top left of the keypad. When turned ON an initialization screen is displayed on
the LCD showing the instrument’s serial number and software revision. Once this appears, the instrument can be
started by pressing the ENTER key once – the initialization screen is then replaced by a MAIN MENU which
provides access to the remaining functions.
Menus and the menu selection keys
The PUB menus are arranged hierarchally with the MAIN MENU being at the top level. Menu navigation is
achieved by three keys on the right hand side of the keypad which are used to scroll UP and DOWN a menu list and
SELECT a menu item. When scrolling through a menu, an arrow-shaped cursor moves up and down the left hand
side of the screen to indicate the active menu choice which can then be selected by pressing the ENTER
(SELECT) key.
Some menus have more options than can be shown on the screen at the same time, in which case the
‘overflowed’ choices can be brought into view by continuing to scroll DOWN beyond the bottom visible item. Menus
generally ‘loop around’ if you scroll beyond the first or last items.
If you select Exit on any menu it usually takes you back up one level in the menu hierarchy, but in some cases it
may go directly to the ‘Flow Reading’ screen.
Some screens require you to move the cursor left and right along the display as well as up and down. This is
achieved using keys 5 (scroll LEFT) and 6 (scroll RIGHT).
Dual function numerical keypad
The block of keys shown in the center of the keypad in Figure 1.4 are dual function keys. They can be used to
enter straight-forward numerical data, select the displayed flow units, or provide quick access to frequently
required control menus.
1: General Description
Figure 1.4 Keypad
Note: Some of the features accessed by these keys are restricted in the PUB model range. An “Option not
available” message is displayed if you select a restricted function.
5
1: General Description
1.4.3 Power supply and battery charging
Operating power is provided by an internal battery that can be charged from the utility supply using the supplied
external charger. When you first receive the unit you must put the battery on charge for a minimum of 6.5hrs
before use. A fully charged battery will power the instrument for up to 20 hours depending on the output utilization
and backlight usage.
The backlight can be selected to be either permanently OFF, illuminated for 10 seconds, 30 seconds or 1 minute
every time a key is pressed, or permanently ON – as configured in the Setup Instrument menu. If the backlight
is active continuously it will reduce the available battery operating time to 8hrs. Similarly, if the 4 to 20 mA output
is used constantly at 20 mA, the battery life would reduce by 50%. It is therefore beneficial to turn off the backlight
and 4 to 20 mA output facilities when they are not required.
When the instrument is operating in the ‘Flow Reading’ mode, the percentage battery charge level is displayed
symbolically on the LCD screen. A warning message is triggered if the charge falls to approximately 30%, at
which point there is up to four hours of battery operation remaining, depending on usage. The battery can be
charged both while the instrument is in use or when switched off. The instrument’s internal data is stored in nonvolatile memory and will not be lost even if the battery discharges completely.
Key Point: The battery is not a user-changeable item. The instrument must be returned
to your distributor if the battery needs replacing.
Key Point: Only use the supplied charger, or special adaptor lead. Failure to comply
with this will invalidate your warranty.
1.5 Transducers
Different transducer sets are provided with the PUB-A and PUB-B models and are not interchangeable.
Key Point: Always use the transducers that were supplied with the instrument.
Transducer set 'A'
Supplied as standard with PUB-A for use on pipes in the range 0.5 to 4.5 inches (13 to 115 mm) OD.
Transducer set 'B'
Supplied as standard with PUB-B for use on pipes in the range 2 to 40 inches (50 to 1000 mm) OD.
6
2: Installation
Flow
Valid transducer location
10 x Diameter 20 x Diameter
45°
The PUB equipment expects a uniform flow profile as a
distorted flow will produce unpredictable measurement
errors. Flow profile distortions can result from upstream
disturbances such as bends, tees, valves, pumps and other
similar obstructions. To ensure a uniform profile, the
transducers must be mounted far enough away from any
cause of distortion such that it no longer has an effect.
Uniform Flow Profile Distorted Flow Profile
In many applications an even flow velocity profile over
a full 360° is unattainable due, for example, to the
presence of air turbulence at the top of the flow and
possibly sludge in the bottom of the pipe. Experience
has shown that the most consistently accurate results
are achieved when the transducer holders are
mounted at 45° with respect to the top of the pipe.
Possible
sludge
Air
Flow
T ransducer
Holder
2.1 Transducer Positioning
2: Installation
7
To obtain the most accurate results, the condition of both the liquid and the pipe wall must be suitable to allow the
ultrasound transmission along its predetermined path. It is important also that the liquid flows uniformly within the
length of pipe being monitored and that the flow profile is not distorted by any upstream or downstream
obstructions. This is best achieved by ensuring there is a straight length of pipe upstream of the transducers of at
least 20 times the pipe diameter and 10 times the pipe diameter on the downstream side, as shown in Figure 2.1.
Flow measurements can be made on shorter lengths of straight pipe, down to 10 diameters upstream and 5
diameters downstream, but when the transducers are positioned this close to any obstruction the resulting errors
can be unpredictable.
Key Point: Do not expect to obtain accurate results if the transducers are positioned
close to any obstructions that distort the uniformity of the flow profile.
Figure 2.1 Locating the transducers
2: Installation
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A: Tensioning thumb-wheel.
B: Tension bar.
C: Separation bar securing
screw.
D: Separation bar.
E: Ruler scale (0).
F: Set separation distance.
G: Securing chain.
2.2 Transducer Attachment
The transducers are fitted to adjustable transducer holders which are secured to the pipe using wrap-around
chains and mechanically connected together by a steel separation bar. The separation bar also acts as a ruler to
allow the distance between the transducers to be accurately set to the value determined by the PUB instrument.
When fitting the transducer holders, it is easiest to assemble them onto the separation bar and adjust to the
required separation distance before attaching them to the pipe.
2.2.1 Preparation
1. Before you attach the transducers you should first ensure that the proposed location satisfies the distance
requirements shown in Figure 2.1, otherwise the resulting accuracy of the flow readings may be affected.
2. Prepare the pipe by degreasing it and removing any loose material or flaking paint in order to obtain the best
possible surface. A smooth contact between pipe surface and the face of the transducers is an important
factor in achieving a good ultrasound signal strength and therefore maximum accuracy.
2.2.2 Attaching the transducer holders
1. Slide the separation bar (D) into the front of the left hand transducer holder, align the front edge of the
transducer holder with ‘0’ on the ruler scale (E) and secure it in place by tightening the thumbscrew (C).
8
2. Slide the other end of the separation bar into the front of the right hand transducer holder, align the front edge
of the transducer holder to the required separation distance (obtained from the PUB instrument) on the ruler
(F), then secure it in place by tightening the thumbscrew.
Figure 2.2 Transducer holder attachment
3. On each transducer holder, attach one end of a securing chain to a hook on the tensioning bar (B), wrap the
A: Transducer cover plate.
B: Transducer locating slot/lug.
C: Transducer cover plate securing screw.
D: Transducer cable connection.
E: Ultrasonic
couplant
application.
G: Chain.
chain (G) around the pipe and then attach it to the hook on the other end of the tensioning bar while keeping
the chain as tight as possible.
4. Rotate the complete transducer holder assembly so that it is approximately 45° with respect to the top of the
pipe. Then tighten the chain by turning the tensioning thumb-wheel (A) on each guide block until the
assembly is securely attached to the pipe.
Note: If you are unable to get sufficient tension on the chain to hold the assembly in place, fully slacken the
tensioning thumb-wheel and shorten the effective length of the chain wrapped around the pipe by connecting
the tensioning bar to the next link in the chain, then re-tension.
2.2.3 Fitting the transducers
2: Installation
1. Slide the transducer cover plate (A) fully towards the outside of the holder assembly to allow sufficient access
to fit the transducer.
2. Clean the face of the transducer, removing all traces of dirt and grease.
3. Apply a
4. Fit the transducer into the holder – ensuring the lugs on the sides of the transducer are correctly located into
the slots on the sides of the guide block (B).
5. Slide the transducer cover plate (A) over the top of the transducer and tighten the thumbscrew (C) finger tight
to secure the transducer in place. When securing the cover plate take care to leave sufficient room around
the transducer connector (D) to connect the cable.
6. Repeat the above steps for the second transducer.
7. Connect the transducers to the PUB instrument using the coaxial cables provided. The RED cable must be
connected to the upstream transducer and the BLUE cable to the downstream transducer. If you observe
negative flow, swap the red and blue cables at the sensor end.
9
1
/10 inch bead of ultrasonic couplant along the center length of the transducer (E).
Figure 2.3 Fitting the transducers
3: Operating Procedures
QUICK START VIEW EDIT SITE DATA
Enter data
Attach sensors
FLOW READING
Choose site / check/edit data
Attach sensors
FLOW READING
Set up a named site
At a one-off location
(Paragraph 3.2)
At a frequent location
(Paragraph 3.3)
Manage site details
(Paragraph 3.4)
Carry out any necessary calibration
(Paragraph 3.5)
How to adjust the Zero Flow Offset – Paragraph 3.5.2
How to adjust the Calibration Factor – Paragraph 3.5.3
How to adjust the Roughness Factor – Paragraph 3.5.4
How to adjust the Damping Factor – Paragraph 3.5.5
Set-up a monitoring application
(Paragraph 3.6)
How to measure totalized flows – Paragraph 3.6.1
Configure the interfaces
(Paragraph 3.7)
Battery charging, Set date/time, Language, Backlight
Initial instrument setup
(Paragraph 3.1)
Connect and take basic flow readings
Rename a site
4-20mA ON/OFF – page 24
4-20mA Calibration – page 25
Pulse ON/OFF – page26
Pulse calibration – page 27
Pulse frequency mode – page 27
Pulse frequency calibration – page 28
3: Operating Procedures
10
3.1 Setting-up the Instrument
3.1.1 Using the instrument for the first time
Before you use your PUB for the first time you should first charge the battery, then select the display language
and set-up the internal clock, as described below.
Charging the battery
1. Connect the external battery charger to the charger socket at the bottom of the instrument then switch on the
utility supply.
3: Operating Procedures
2. The instrument should indicate CHARGING and
an animated battery symbol indicates that the
battery is taking on charge.
3. Leave the instrument on charge for 6.5 hours
before using it for the first time.
Selecting a language
The first time you switch on the instrument you may be asked to select a user language.
1. Switch on the instrument by pressing the ON/OFF button.
2. If necessary, select the required language using the UP/DOWN scroll keys then press the ENTER key.
3. The selected language will be the default when
the instrument is next used. To change the
language again select the Change Language
option in the SETUP INSTRUMENT screen (see
below).
4. The initialization screen will be displayed, giving
details of the instrument’s serial number and
software revision details.
5. Press the ENTER key to start the instrument.
6. This is the MAIN MENU and is the starting point
for all the operations described in this chapter.
Note: Data Logger and RS232/USB functions are
not implemented on the PUB.
CHARGING DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Serial# 0012345 V 00.00.000
Press
MAIN MENU
Quick start
View/Edit Site Data
Data Logger
Setup RS232 /USB
Setup Instrument
Read flow
to start
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
11
3: Operating Procedures
Setting the Date & Time
1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN
MENU. The screen shown here should be
displayed.
2. Select Set Date & Time and press the ENTER
key.
3. A flashing cursor should appear under the first
date number. Enter the date sequence in dd-
mm-yy order then press the ENTER key.
4. Repeat this action to set the time.
5. Select Exit then press the ENTER key to return
to the MAIN MENU.
Note: If you make a mistake when entering the data press the Delete key to move the cursor back to the number
you wish to change, then continue. If you enter an invalid number an ‘ERR:Invalid Date or Time!’ error message is
displayed on the second line of the screen. If this occurs repeat the set date/time procedure.
3.1.2 Enabling/disabling the backlight
The backlight can be selected to be either Disabled, illuminated for 10 seconds, 30 seconds or 1 minute every
time a key is pressed, or ON permanently. If the backlight is not required it is recommended that you disable it to
prolong the battery discharge time.
1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN
MENU.
2. Select Backlight from the SETUP
INSTRUMENT screen then press the ENTER key.
SETUP INSTRUMENT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss
Calibrate 4-20mA
Pulse status
Backlight : Disabled
Factory settings
Change Language
Exit
SETUP INSTRUMENT
Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss
Calibrate 4-20mA
Pulse output
Backlight : Disabled
Factory settings
Change Language
Qxx.xx%
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
3. Select the backlight time as required.
4. Press the ENTER key to return to the SETUP
INSTRUMENT screen.
5. Select Exit then press the ENTER key to return
to the MAIN MENU.
12
Exit
BACKLIGHT
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Disabled
10 seconds
30 seconds
1 minute
ON-Permanently
Qxx.xx%
3.2 Using the Quick Start Menu
If you want to perform a ‘one-time’ flow reading at a particular pipe location, the Quick Start menu provides the
quickest way to set up the PUB system and access the FLOW READING screen.
If the point at which you intend to take the measurement is likely to require regular monitoring, it is best to set it up
as a ‘Site’ within the PUB, which then stores the site parameters (See Paragraph 3.4).
Before you can use the PUB system you need to obtain the following details (this information will be required
when setting up the Quick Start menu):
• The pipe outside diameter.
• The pipe wall thickness and material.
• The pipe lining thickness and material.
• The type of fluid.
• The fluid temperature.
Entering the site data
1. Select Quick Start from the MAIN MENU and press the ENTER key. You will then be presented with a
series of screens in which to enter the data mentioned above.
3: Operating Procedures
2. Select the dimension units (millimeters or inches)
used to measure the pipe, then press the ENTER
key.
3. Enter the pipe outside diameter dimension, then
press the ENTER key.
4. Enter the pipe wall thickness dimension, then
press the ENTER key.
DIMENSION UNIT
Select the dimension units:
mm
➥Inches
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
Dimension: Inches
Pipe outside diameter? 3.0
PIPE WALL THICKNESS
Dimension: Inches
Pipe outside diameter? 3.0
Pipe wall thickness? 0.2
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
5. If the pipe has a lining, enter the lining thickness.
If nothing is entered the instrument automatically
assumes there is no lining.
6. Press the ENTER key to continue.
13
PIPE LINING THICKNESS
Dimension: Inches
Pipe outside diameter? 3.0
Pipe wall thickness? 0.2
Pipe lining thickness? 0.16
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
3: Operating Procedures
7. Select the pipe wall material from the list
provided, then press the ENTER key.
If the material is not listed select Other and
enter the propagation rate of the pipe wall
material in meters/sec. Contact Dwyer if this is
not known.
8. If a lining thickness value was entered earlier, this
screen is displayed to request that you enter the
lining material type. If no lining thickness was
entered this screen will be bypassed.
9. Select the lining material from the list provided
then press the ENTER key.
If the material is not listed select Other and
enter the propagation rate of the lining material in
meters/sec. Contact Dwyer if this is not known.
PIPE WALL MATERIAL
Select pipe wall material
Mild Steel
S' less Steel 316
S' less Steel 303
Plastic
Cast Iron
Ductile Iron
Copper
Brass
Concrete
Glass
Other (m/s)
PIPE LINING MATERIAL DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Select pipe lining material
Steel
Rubber
Glass
Epoxy
Concrete
Other (m/s)
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
10. Select the fluid type from the list provided and
press the ENTER key.
If the liquid is not listed select Other and enter a
propagation rate in meters/second.
1 1. If you need to alter the fluid temperature from that
shown select either °C or °F with the cursor and
press the ENTER key.
12. Enter the new temperature value and press the
ENTER key.
13. The new temperature should now be indicated in
both °C and °F.
14. Select Continue.. and press the ENTER key.
FLUID TYPE DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Select fluid type
Water
Glycol/water 50%
Glycol/water 30%
Lubricating oil
Diesel
Freon
Other (m/s)
FLUID TEMPERATURE
Enter Fluid Temperature
°C: 5.00
°F: 41.00
Continue..
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
14
3: Operating Procedures
0.000
15. The SENSOR SEPARATION screen now displays
a summary of the entered parameters and
informs you of the mode of operation and the
distance to set up between the sensors. It also
shows the type of sensors in use – i.e. A-ST in
the case of PUB-A and B-ST for PUB-B.
In this example it shows the sensors operating in
the ‘Reflex’ mode spaced at 1.7 Inches
apart. Take a note of these details.
16. Take a note of the displayed parameters, then
press the ENTER key.
17. The ATTACH SENSORS screen displays, giving
instructions to attach the sensors.
Note: Do not press the ENTER key until the transducers are fitted and connected to the instrument.
Attaching and connecting the transducers
18. Fit the sensors to the pipe using the appropriate transducer holders as described in Paragraph 2.2. Take
great care to set the separation distance as accurately as possible.
19. Connect the red and blue coaxial cables between the sensors and the test instrument, ensuring that the red
connector on the instrument is connected to the ‘upstream’ sensor.
Taking a flow reading
SENSOR SEPARATION
Site : Quickstart
Pipe : 0.40 Inches
Wall : 0.20 Inches
Sensors : A-ST Reflex
Temperature : 5.00°C 41.00°F
Set sensor separation to 1.7 Inches
Press
ATTACH SENSORS DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Press key to go to Flow Reading
to continue,UV to select sens.
Attach Sensor Set
Red Connector UpStream
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
20. Once the transducers have been fitted and
connected, press the ENTER key from the
ATTACH SENSORS screen.
21. This will take you to the FLOW READING screen
via a signal-checking screen (shown here).
22. Check that the indicated signal strength on the
left of the screen is at least 2 bars (ideally 3 or
4). If less than 2 bars are shown it indicates
there could be a problem with the transducer
spacing, alignment or connections; or it could be
due to an application problem.
23. Qxx.xx% indicates the signal quality and should
have a value of 60% or greater.
Please wait..
Checking signals
****************************************
* *
****************************************
FLOW READING
Signal
gal/min
+Total: 0.00 gal
–Total: 0.00 gal
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
15
3: Operating Procedures
Flow monitoring
The FLOW READING screen is the one most used during normal monitoring operation. It shows the instantaneous
fluid flow together with totalized values (when enabled). In this mode you can select the flow measurement units
by pressing keys 7 (liters), 8 (Gallons, Barrels) or 9 (m³), or change the display to show velocity by pressing key 4.
3.3 Using the System at a Regularly Monitored Location
Setting up the PUB system using the Quick Start method described in Paragraph 3.2 is easy and the
recommended method to use in a ‘one-time’ situation. But if you have a site location that you want to monitor on
a frequent basis it is better to set up a named ‘Site’ for that location so that you can recall it when needed and so
avoid the need to re-enter the site details every time you want to install the equipment there.
Note: See Paragraph 3.4 for details of how to set-up and manage site details.
Use this procedure to install the equipment at a named site.
1. Select View / Edit Site Data from the
MAIN MENU.
2. Select Choose from list of sites.
3. Select one of the sites listed and press the
ENTER key.
4. The Site name will show the selected site and
the site parameters will be listed on the screen.
5. Scroll down through the menu list and enter/
change any data that might have changed since
the last time the site was accessed.
6. When you are satisfied that the parameters are
correct select Save current site & read
flow.
7. If you need to alter the fluid temperature from
that shown, select either °C or °F with the cursor
and press the ENTER key.
8. Enter the new temperature value and press the
ENTER key.
9. The new temperature should now be indicated in
both °C and °F.
10. Select Continue.. and press the ENTER key.
VIEW EDIT SITE DATA
Choose from list of sites
Site name : MySite
Dimensions : Inches
Pipe outside diameter: 4.00
Pipe wall thickness : 0.20
Pipe lining thickness: 0.16
Pipe wall material : Mild Steel
Lining material : -------- Sensor set : A-ST
Sensor mode : Reflex
Fluid type : Water
Save current site & read flow
Delete this Site
Download & save current site
Exit
FLUID TEMPERATURE
Enter Fluid Temperature
°C: 5.00
°F: 41.00
Continue..
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
16
3: Operating Procedures
0.000
11. The SENSOR SEPARATION screen now displays
a summary of the entered parameters and
informs you of the type of sensor to be used, the
mode of operation, and the distance to set up
between the sensors.
In this example, it recommends type A-ST (A
standard) sensors operating in the ‘Reflex’
mode spaced 1.7 inches apart.
12. Take a note of the displayed parameters, then
press the ENTER key.
13. The ATTACH SENSORS screen displays, giving
instructions to attach the sensors.
Note: If you press the ENTER key before the transducers are fitted and connected to the instrument, the
instrument will detect a low signal strength and may indicate an ERROR condition.
Attaching and connecting the transducers
14. Fit the designated sensors to the pipe using the appropriate transducer holders as described in Paragraph
2.2. Take great care to set the separation distance as accurately as possible.
15. Connect the red and blue coaxial cables between the sensors and the instrument, ensuring that the red
connector on the instrument is connected to the ‘upstream’ sensor.
Taking a flow reading
SENSOR SEPARATION
Site : MySite
Pipe : 4.00 Inches
Wall : 0.20
Sensors : A-ST Reflex
Temperature : 5.00°C 41.00°F
Set sensor separation to 1.7 Inches
Press
ATTACH SENSORS
Press key to go to Flow Reading
to continue,UV to select sens.
Attach Sensor Set
Red Connector UpStream
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
16. Once the transducers have been fitted and
connected, press the ENTER key from the
ATTACH SENSORS screen.
17. This will take you to the FLOW READING screen
via a signal-checking screen (shown here).
18. Check that the indicated signal strength on the
left of the screen is at least 2 bars (ideally 3 or 4).
If less than 2 bars are shown it indicates there
could be a problem with the transducer spacing,
alignment or connections; or it could be due to
an application problem.
Flow monitoring
The FLOW READING screen is the one most used during normal monitoring operation. It shows the instantaneous
fluid flow together with totalized values (when enabled). In this mode you can select the flow rate measurement
units by pressing keys 7 (liters), 8 (Gallons, Barrels) or 9 (m³), or change the display to show velocity by pressing
key 4.
Please wait..
Checking signals
****************************************
* *
****************************************
FLOW READING
Signal
gal/min
+Total: 0.00 gal
–Total: 0.00 gal
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
17
3: Operating Procedures
3.4 Managing Named Sites
If you want to monitor a particular site location frequently you can set up a named ‘Site’ to store the installation
details, such as pipe dimensions and material, required to set-up the PUB system. These can then be recalled
later when revisiting that particular location.
The instrument can store up to 20 sites, the first site is reserved for QUICK START and cannot be renamed;
subsequent sites are initially named EmptySite1 through to EmptySite19.
3.4.1 Setting up a new site
1. Select View / Edit Site Data from the
MAIN MENU.
2. Select Choose from list of sites.
3. Select one of the EmptySites from the
presented list (e.g. EmptySite 1 as shown).
4. Select Site name and press the ENTER key.
5. This opens the ALTER NAME screen.
6. Select Alter the Site Name and you will be
presented with a screen which allows you to
enter a new name in much the same way as
when composing a mobile text message.
7. On completion press the ENTER key then select
Exit. This will take you back to the VIEW EDIT
SITE DATA screen.
8. Scroll down through the menu list and enter/
change the pipe parameters and other data
pertaining to the site.
VIEW EDIT SITE DATA
Choose from list of sites
Site name : EmptySite1
Dimensions : Inches
Pipe outside diameter: 4.00
Pipe wall thickness : 0.20
Pipe lining thickness: 0.16
ALTER NAME
Site name : EmptySite1
Do you wish to:–
Alter the Site Name
Exit
VIEW EDIT SITE DATA
Choose from list of sites
Site name : MyNewSite
Dimensions : Inches
Pipe outside diameter: 4.00
Pipe wall thickness : 0.20
Pipe lining thickness: 0.16
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
9. When all the data is correct you can either:
a) Select Save current site & read
flow to continue fitting the transducers
and opening the FLOW READING screen.
b) Select Delete this site to delete the
site name and values and restore it to the
original EmptySite name.
c) Select Exit to return to the MAIN MENU.
Note: The ‘Download & save current site’ option is disabled in the PUB range.
18
Pipe wall material : Mild Steel
Lining material : -------- Sensor set : A-ST
Sensor mode : Reflex
Fluid type : Water
Save current site & read flow
Delete this Site
Exit
3.4.2 Changing a site name
To change a site name, use the same method described above for generating a new site: but in this case select a
current site name to change rather than an EmptySite.
3.5 Instrument Calibration
The PUB is fully calibrated before it leaves the factory; however the following adjustments are provided to allow
you to further ‘fine tune’ your instrument to suit local conditions and application where necessary. Apart from the
zero flow offset adjustment, these are normally carried out only where the instrument is to be used in a permanent
or semi-permanent location.
3.5.1 Adjusting the zero cut-off
This adjustment allows you to set a minimum flow rate (m/s) below which the instrument will indicate ‘0’. The
default setting is 0.1 m/s (0.033 ft/s) but you may adjust this value if required.
1. With the instrument operating in FLOW READING mode, press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTIONS menu shown.
3: Operating Procedures
2. Select Zero Cutoff (m/s) and press the
ENTER key.
3. Enter the value for the Zero Cutoff (e.g. 0.06
m/s) then press the ENTER key.
4. Scroll down to select Exit and press the ENTER
key to return to the FLOW READING screen.
3.5.2 Adjusting the set zero flow offset
The PUB instrument operates by comparing the time taken to send an ultrasonic signal between two transducers
in either direction. A Set zero flow offset adjustment is provided to compensate for any inherent differences
between the two sensors, noise pick-up, internal pipe conditions etc. It can be used to ‘zero’ the flow indication
under no-flow conditions.
If you have adjusted the Zero Cutoff point to anywhere above ‘0’ you must reset it to
‘0’ before you can observe and adjust the Set zero flow offset, as its value is very
small. Once the Set zero flow offset has been calibrated you can then reapply the Zero
Cutoff if required.
1. Stop the liquid flow.
2. With the instrument in FLOW READING mode, press the Velocity function key and observe the reading
(m/s). Any reading other than 0.000 indicates an offset error and in practice this will typically be in the range
±0.005 m/s (0.0016 ft/s) – possibly higher on smaller diameter pipes. If a greater figure is shown, it is worth
calibrating the offset to obtain a more accurate result. Continue as follows:
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
19
3: Operating Procedures
3. Press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTION screen shown.
4. Select Set zero flow (m/s) and press the
ENTER key.
5. Press the ENTER key on the subsequent screen
to accept the change, which will return you to
the screen shown.
6. Scroll down to select Exit and press the ENTER
key to return to the FLOW READING screen.
Key Point: In order to cancel any applied offset, you must either read the flow via
Quick Start or switch the PUB instrument OFF & ON. Any value that you trim-out using
the offset adjustment will be added/subtracted from the flow reading across the whole
range.
3.5.3 Adjusting the calibration factor
Key Point: USE THIS FACILITY WITH CARE & ONLY WHERE NECESSARY
The PUB instrument is fully calibrated before leaving the factory and under normal circumstances does not require further calibration when used on site.
This facility can be used to correct the flow indication where unavoidable errors occur
due to the lack of a straight pipe or where the sensors are forced to be fitted close to the
pipe-end, valve, junction etc.
Any adjustment must be made using a reference flowmeter fitted in the system.
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
20
With the system running:
1. Stop (Stall) the PUB’s totalizer facility and zero it (Paragraph 3.6.1).
2. Run the PUB’s totalizer to measure the total flow over a 30 to 60 minute period, and note the total flow
indicated by the reference flow meter over the same period.
3. Calculate the % error between the PUB and reference meters. If the error is greater than ±1% calibrate the
PUB as detailed below.
3: Operating Procedures
4. Press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTION screen shown.
5. Scroll down and select Calibration factor.
6. Change the calibration factor according to the
error calculated in step 3. For example, if the
PUB was reading 1% high then increase the
Calibration factor value by 0.010.
Conversely, if the reading is 1% low then
decrease the calibration factor to 0.990.
7. Press the ENTER key to apply the change.
8. Select Roughness factor or Exit as
required.
3.5.4 Adjusting the roughness factor
The roughness factor compensates for the condition of the internal pipe wall, as a rough surface wil l cause
turbulence and affects the flow profile of the liquid. In most situations it is not possi ble to inspect the pipe
internally and the true condition is not known. In these circumstances experience has shown that the following
values can be used:
Pipe Material Roughness Factor
Non ferrous metal
Glass
Plastics
Light metal
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
Reset –Total
Calibration factor : 1.000
Roughness factor : 0.01
Diagnostics
Exit
0.01
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Drawn steel pipes:
• Fine planed, polished surface
• Plane surface
• Rough planed surface
Welded steel pipes, new:
• Long usage, cleaned
• Lightly and evenly rusted
• Heavily encrusted
Cast iron pipes:
• Bitumen lining
• New, without lining
• Rusted / Encrusted
0.01
0.1
1.0
21
3: Operating Procedures
With the system running in FLOW READING mode:
1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTION screen shown.
2. Scroll down and select Roughness factor.
3. Change the roughness factor according to the
pipe material and condition as described above.
4. Press the ENTER key to apply the change.
3.5.5 Adjusting the damping factor
By averaging-out the flow rate over several seconds, the Damping factor can be used to smooth out rapid
changes in flow rate to prevent wild fluctuations in the displayed flow value. It has a range of 1, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50
seconds, with a default setting of 10.
With the system running in FLOW READNG mode:
1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTION screen shown.
2. Scroll down and select Damping (secs).
3. This will open the DAMPING OPTIONS
screen.
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
Reset –Total
Calibration factor : 1.000
Roughness factor : 0.01
Diagnostics
Exit
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
22
4. Select the value of the Damping factor
as required to remove any unwanted display
fluctuations. Increasing the value applies a
greater smoothing affect.
5. Press the ENTER key to apply the selection
and return to the FLOW READING OPTIONS
screen.
Key Point: If the damping factor is set too high, the value displayed may appear
stable but it may exhibit large step changes when the value is updated.
Reset –Total
Calibration factor : 1.000
Roughness factor : 0.01
Diagnostics
Exit
DAMPING OPTIONS
1 second
10 seconds
15 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
50 seconds
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
3.6 Performing Monitoring Functions
12.34
3.6.1 How to measure totalized flows (manually)
The basic measurement indicated on the FLOW READING screen is the instantaneous flow rate, which in some
applications may vary over a period of time. Average flow rates are therefore often required in order to get a
better understanding of an application’s true performance. This is simply achieved by noting the total flow over a
specific period (for example 30 to 60 minutes) and then calculating the average flow rate over that period of time.
3: Operating Procedures
1. Press the Options key to access the FLOW
READING OPTION screen shown.
2. If the Totalizer is indicating Run, select it and
change it to Stall then press the ENTER key.
3. Select Reset +Total and press the ENTER
key.
4. Press the ENTER key on the subsequent screen
to accept the reset.
5. Press the ENTER key again to return to the FLOW
READING OPTIONS menu.
6. Select Reset –Total and press the ENTER
key.
7. Press the ENTER key on the subsequent screen
to accept the reset.
8. Press the ENTER key again to return to the FLOW
READING OPTIONS menu.
9. Note and record the current time.
10. Select Totalizer and change it to Run then
press the ENTER key.
Note: the totalizers begin to count up as soon as
Totalizer is put to Run.
FLOW READING OPTION
Data review
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Stall
Reset +Total
FLOW READING OPTION
Zero Cutoff (m/s) : 0.00
Set zero flow (m/s) : 0.00
Damping (secs) : 10
Totalizer : Run
Reset +Total
Reset –Total
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
11. Scroll down and select Exit then press the
ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING
screen which will now indicate the instantaneous
flow together with the totalized flow.
Note that in some installation the measured flow
can be in either direction. When this is the case,
the upstream flow is shown separately in the –
Total field.
Calculating the average flow
To calculate the average flow, wait for the allotted monitoring period to expire then divide the indicated total flow
by the time taken. This will give you the average flow in m/s, galls/hour or whatever units you select.
Note that in a bi-directional flow situation you must take the difference between the indicated positive and
negative flow totals before carrying out the average flow rate calculation.
23
FLOW READING
Signal
gal/min
+Total: 300.0 gal
–Total: 0.00 gal
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
3: Operating Procedures
3.6.2 How to stop the totalizer temporarily
If you want to stop the totalizer temporarily for operational reasons, set the Totalizer option to Stall in the
FLOW READING OPTIONS screen as described above. This will stop the totalizer operation without affecting its
current values.
3.7 Configuring the Current / Pulse Output
The Current/Pulse Output connector provides two output signals that are proportional to the measured fluid flow.
The first is a current signal calibrated to a standard control range (e.g. 4 to 20 mA), and the second is a pulse
output. It is permissible to use both outputs simultaneously.
3.7.1 Current output
Using the instrument’s menu system, the operator can use the following procedures to:
• Select the current output function Off/On.
• Select the current output signal range (4-20mA, 0-20mA, 0-16mA).
• Calibrate the current output signal to a required flow range.
Turning the 4 to 20 mA output OFF/ON
1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the 4-20mA function key.
This will access the 4-20mA OUTPUT screen.
2. The ON/OFF status of the 4-20mA output is
shown on line 2 of the display.
3. To change the ON/OFF status select Output
Range and press the ENTER key.
4. Select Off, to turn OFF the 4-20mA Output or
select one of the output ranges to turn it ON.
5. Press the ENTER key to return to the 4-20mA
OUTPUT screen.
4 to 20 mA signal calibration and ranging
Key Point: The 4 to 20 mA output has been calibrated at the factory and should not
require further adjustment. In the rare event that re-calibration is necessary, this
procedure should be carried out only by a trained engineer.
This procedure describes how to calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output and ‘scale’ it to operate over a defined flow-rate
range.
4-20 mA OUTPUT
4-20 mA O/P is ON
mA Output Reading : 0.00
Output Range : 4-20
Units : gal/min
Flow at max. output : 0.00
Flow at min. output : 0.00
Output mA for error : 22.00
Exit
4-20 mA OUTPUT
Qxx.xx%
Off
4-20mA
0-20mA
0-16mA
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
24
Signal calibration
3: Operating Procedures
1. Select Setup Instrument from the MAIN
MENU, to access the SETUP INSTRUMENT
screen.
2. Select Calibrate 4-20mA.
3. Connect a calibrated ammeter to the 4 to 20 mA
output and adjust the UP/DOWN Scroll keys
(Coarse) and LEFT/RIGHT Scroll keys 5 & 6
(fine) until the output is exactly 4.0 mA.
The DAC should indicate approximately 8000.
4. Press the ENTER key when done.
5. With the meter still connected to the 4 to 20 mA
output adjust the Scroll keys to obtain an output
of exactly 20 mA.
The DAC should indicate approximately 40000.
6. Press the ENTER key when done.
SETUP INSTRUMENT
Set Date & Time : dd-mm-yy hh:mm:ss
Calibrate 4-20mA
Pulse output
Backlight : Disabled
Factory settings
Change Language
Exit
CALIBRATE 4mA
Adjust the output current to 4mA
Use
UV to set, 5/6 to trim
DAC Value: 8000
Press
CALIBRATE 20mA
Adjust the output current to 20mA
Use
UV to set, 5/6 to trim
DAC Value: 40000
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
when done
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
Press when done
4-20mA Signal scaling
Note: The 4 to 20 mA output can be set to represent a particular flow range. It is also possible to enter a negative
figure for the minimum output and this would enable a reverse flow to be monitored.
7. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the 4-20mA function key.
This will access the 4-20mA OUTPUT screen.
8. Select Flow at max. output and enter a
value of the flow rate that you want to associate
with a 20 mA output.
9. Select Flow at min. output and enter a
value of the flow rate that you want to associate
with a 4 mA output. This could be ‘0’.
10. Select Output mA for error and enter a value (default is 22 mA) that you want the 4 to 20 mA output to
produce in the event of an error (e.g. if the flow-rate is outside the set range).
11. Upon completion, press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.
4-20 mA OUTPUT
4-20 mA O/P is ON
mA Output Reading : 0.00
Output Range : 4-20
Units : gal/min
Flow at max. output : 0.00
Flow at min. output : 0.00
Output mA for error : 22.00
Exit
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
25
3: Operating Procedures
4 8 12 16 20
F
max
Flow (gal/min)
I (mA)
F
min
[0-16 mA scale]
[0-20 mA scale]
[4-20 mA scale]
Flow rate
IF
maxFmin
–()×
20
------------------------------------------ - F
min
+=
Flow rate
IF
maxFmin
–()×
16
------------------------------------------ - F
min
+=
Flow rate
I 4–()F
maxFmin
–()×
16()
-------------------------------------------------------- - F
min
+=
Convert the measured current to flow rate
Assume the maximum flow rate is F
To calculate the flow rate (gal/min) for a measured current I(mA) then:
0-20 mA 0-16 mA 4-20 mA
(gal/min) and the minimum flow rate F
max
is ‘0’ (gal/min), as shown.
min
3.7.2 Pulse output
The pulse output can be used in two modes, ‘volumetric’ and ‘frequency’. When operating in the ‘volumetric’
mode a pulse is produced every time a pre-selected volume of liquid passes through the pipe; and when in the
‘frequency’ mode the output is a continuous pulse-tra in with a frequency proportional to the flow rate (gal/min).
Using the instrument’s menu system, the operator can use the following procedures to:
• Select the pulse output function Off/On/Frequency.
• Volumetric mode – select the output pulse width and volume per pulse.
• Frequency mode – select the maximum pulse frequency and the corresponding maximum flow rate.
Turning the pulse output OFF/ON (volumetric mode)
1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the Pulse function key
to access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.
2. A Pulse output is ON (or OFF) message
appears in the second line of the display.
3. To change the pulse output operational status,
select the Output menu option then select
Off/On as required.
4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return
to the FLOW READING screen.
Generating a ‘Test’ pulse
If the PULSE OUTPUT menu screen is accessed from the SETUP INSTRUMENT menu, you can generate a ‘test’
pulse by selecting Flow units and pressing the Option key.
PULSE OUTPUT
Pulse output is ON
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
Flow units : gal
Output : On
Vol per pulse : 10.00
Pulse width (ms) : 10
Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00
Flow at Max Freq : 200.00
Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0
Exit
26
3: Operating Procedures
Note: This does not apply if the PULSE OUTPUT menu is accessed by pressing the Pulse key when operating in
the FLOW READING mode.
Calibrating the pulse output signal range (volumetric mode)
1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the Pulse function key to
access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.
2. To change the Flow units shown in this menu
you must return to the FLOW READING screen
and select the required units using keys 7,8 and
9.
3. Select Vol per pulse and enter the required
value.
In the example shown, a 10 ms pulse is
produced for every 10 gallons of flow.
Note: The pulse Output must be Off in order to change the Volume per pulse setting.
4. Select a Pulse width (in ms) to suit the particular application – e.g. electro-mechanical counter. Refer to the
manufacturer’s data sheet for the minimum pulse width.
5. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return to the FLOW READING screen.
Selecting the pulse output frequency mode
1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the Pulse function key to
access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.
2. To change the pulse output to ‘frequency’ mode,
select the Output menu option then select
Frequency as required.
3. A1 Pulse Frequency is ON message
appears in the second line of the display.
4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return
to the FLOW READING screen.
PULSE OUTPUT
Pulse output is ON
Flow units : gal
Output : On
Vol per pulse : 10.00
Pulse width (ms) : 10
Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00
Flow at Max Freq : 200.00
Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0
Exit
PULSE OUTPUT DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
A1 Pulse Frequency is ON
Flow units : gal
Output : Frequency
Vol per pulse : 10.00
Pulse width (ms) : 10
Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00
Flow at Max Freq : 200.00
Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0
Exit
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
Qxx.xx%
27
3: Operating Procedures
Calculated Pulse Value
Flow at Max Freq
Max Pulse Freq (Hz)
------------------------------------------------- -=
Calibrating the pulse frequency range
1. With the instrument operating in the FLOW
READING mode, press the Pulse function key
to access the PULSE OUTPUT screen.
2. Select Max Pulse Freq (Hz) and enter the
required value.
3. Select Flow at Max Freq and enter the
required value (gal/min).
4. Select Exit and press the ENTER key to return
to the FLOW READING screen
The Calculated Pulse Value field is automatically calculated as:
This value is often required to be programmed into the device that is receiving the pulses to enable it to calculate
the correct flow rate – for example, when connecting the pulse output to an energy meter.
PULSE OUTPUT
A1 Pulse Frequency is ON
Flow units : gal
Output : Frequency
Vol per pulse : 10.00
Pulse width (ms) : 10
Max Pulse Freq (Hz) : 10.00
Flow at Max Freq : 200.00
Calculated Pulse Value: 20.0
Exit
DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Qxx.xx%
28
4: Maintenance & Repair
WARNING
This instrument does not contain any user-serviceable parts. The following notes are provided as a guide to
general equipment care
Do not disassemble this unit unless advised by Dwyer.
Return the unit to an approved service agent or place of purchase for
further advice.
1. Ensure the unit is switched off and disconnected from the mains, then wipe the exterior of the instrument with
a clean, damp cloth or paper towel. The use of a solvent may damage the surface.
2. The instrument contains a rechargable battery, dispose safely and in accordance with the local regulations in
force in the country of operation.
3. Ensure all cables and connectors are kept clean and free from grease or contaminants. Connectors may be
cleaned with a general purpose cleaner if necessary.
4. Avoid the use of excessive gr ea se /u l tra so ni c cou p l an t on th e sen s o rs as th i s may impair the performance of
the equipment. Excessive grease/couplant can be removed from the sensors and transducer holders using
an absorbent paper towel and a general purpose solvent cleaner.
5. We recommend that the ultrasonic couplant is replaced on the sensors every 6 months, especially on pipes
where the application is too hot to touch. If the signal level drops below 30% this is also an indication that the
sensors need re-greasing.
6. Regularly check all cables/parts for damage. Replacement parts are available from Dwyer.
7. Ensure the person who services your instrument is qualified to do so. If in doubt, return the instrument to
Dwyer with a detailed report on the nature of any problem.
8. Ensure that suitable precautions are taken when using any materials to clean the instrument/sensors.
9. If the instrument was supplied with dust or dirt caps make sure they are re-fitted when the instrument is not in
use.
4: Maintenance & Repair
4.1 Warranty / Return
Refer to “Terms and Condition of Sales” in our catalog and on our website. Contact Customer Service to receive
a Return Goods Authorization number before shipping the product back for repair. Be sure to include a brief
description of the problem plus any additional application notes.
29
5: Troubleshooting
5: Troubleshooting
5.1 Overview
If you have a problem with your flow monitoring system it can be due to any of the following:
Faulty instrument
If you suspect the instrument is faulty, you can check it out using a test block as described in Paragraph 5.4. This
will establish that the instrument is functional and receiving a healthy signal from the connected transducers.
Incorrect setup
A low, or zero, signal could be caused by incorrect set-up such as:
• Incorrect site data entered into the instrument.
• Incorrect or non-matching ultrasonic transducers selected for use.
• Incorrectly fitted transducers – lack of couplant applied, incorrect spacing, insecure attachment.
• Poor connections between the probes and the instrument.
Application problem
If you are certain that the instrument is healthy and suitably set-up for the current site, and the probes are
properly assembled and fitted correctly, there could be an application problem concerned with the site.
Check such conditions such as:
Poor pipe outer surface quality
• Uneven surface preventing good surface contact with the transducer.
• Flaking paint (should be removed).
• Variable air gap in concrete-covered pipes affecting the ultrasonic signal quality.
Poor internal pipe construction
• Rough internal pipe walls affecting fluid flow (see roughness factor).
• Internal welds positioned in the transducer signal path affecting the signal quality.
• The ‘drippings’ in galvanized-dipped pipes or other irregularities interfering with the signal path.
Incorrect probe location
• Transducers located too close to bends or valves, disturbing the flow profile.
• Transducers located too close to insertion probes, disturbing the flow profile.
• For horizontal pipework, transducers should not be positioned on the top of the pipe.
Poor fluid conditions within the pipe
• Fluid contains bubbles, high particle density or sludge.
• Air in the top of the pipe.
Low fluid flow within the pipe
• Pipe obstructions.
• Malfunctioning valve not opening fully (or closed inadvertently).
Liquid content problems
• Multiple liquid contents do not comply accurately to expected sound speed criteria.
• Very hot pipe almost turns water to steam and therefore exhibits the wrong speed characteristics –could
be due to reduced pipe pressure.
• Flashover – liquid turns into a gas because of lower than required pressure.
30
Automatic signal loss recovery
Is the display bl an k?
Recharge the battery.
If battery won't recharge then
replace the charger (if faulty) or
return the instrument for repair.
No
Turn instrument OFF/ON.
If the display is still scrambled/
hung up press the microprocessor
reset button. Return instrument
for repair if fault still present.
Yes
Is the display
scrambled or
hung up?
Yes
Measurement differs from expected value.
Unstable measurements. No (or poor) signal.
Problem probably due to non-constant fluid flow.
Check the following:
- the pipe data has been entered correctly.
- the fluid type has been entered correctly.
- the correct transducer type has been selected.
- the pipe diameter is within specifications of the
selected transducers.
- the pipe is completely full.
- the pipe surface is not corroded, or protective
surface loose.
- no particles in the fluid.
Ensure the temperature is set correctly.
Ensure that the transducer cables are connected
correctly.
Ensure transducers are positioned in accordance
with the recommended distance from bends etc.
Ensure flow velocity >0.1m/s.
Ensure that sufficient acoustic couplant has been
applied to the transducers.
If triple reflex mode is selected, try selecting
double or single reflex instead.
Check the instrument using the test block.
No
START
Are any
status messages
shown?
No
Note any active messages.
Refer to the message table in this
chapter to interpret the messag e
and view suggested response.
Yes
If the signal is lost or the Quality falls below 40%, the set up procedure, which is normally invoked by selecting
Read Flow in the main menu, is automatically run until a good quality signal is found.
5.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure
5: Troubleshooting
31
Figure 5.1 Troubleshooting chart
5: Troubleshooting
5.3 Warning & Status Messages
FLOW RATE ERRORS
No flow signal Interpretation: This message appears when the transducers cannot send or receive
signals to each other.
Response: Check that all cables are connected, transducers are on the pipe correctly
with sufficient couplant on the face.
Flow signal is poor Interpretation: This warning appears when the signal is lower than 25%.
Response: This could be due to an application problem, a poor quality pipe – see also
the conditions for No flow signal (above). Check for sufficient couplant.
Zero cut-off error! Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Zero cutoff field in
the Options menu.
Response: Enter a valid number.
Totalizer beyond
maximum!
PULSE ERRORS
Pulse Rate > Max Interpretation: The flow rate exceeds the capability of the pulse output – i.e. too many
Pulse volume error! Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Pulse volume error
Pulse width error Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value in the Pulse width error
Interpretation: The totalizer has overflowed its maximum count. The counter will rollover and restart from zero but this message alerts you to the fact.
Response: Reset the totalizer as described on page 23.
pulses per second are required than can be achieved.
Response: Narrow the pulse width time or increase the volume per pulse, as described
on page 27.
field in the PULSE OUTPUT menu – see page 27.
Response: Enter a valid number.
field in the PULSE OUTPUT menu – see page 27.
Response: Enter a valid number.
32
5: Troubleshooting
4-20mA ERRORS
mA out > Max Interpretation: The actual flow is higher than the maximum set on the mA range.
Response: Re-scale the 4 to 20 mA output to be able to cope with the higher flow – see
page 24.
Calibration 20mA
Error!
Calibration 4mA Error! NOTE: The 4 to 20 mA output is calibrated before the instrument leaves the factory and
SET-UP ERRORS
Pipe OD out of range Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the pipe outside diameter
Wall thickness out of
range
NOTE: The 4 to 20 mA output is calibrated before the instrument leaves the factory and
should not require further adjustment.
Interpretation: You have adjusted the DAC outside its accepted range when calibrating
the 20 mA signal output.
Response: Re-calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output – see page 24.
should not require further adjustment.
Interpretation: You have adjusted the DAC outside its accepted range when calibrating
the 4 mA signal output.
Response: Re-calibrate the 4 to 20 mA output – see page 24.
dimension – i.e. larger or smaller than the unit or sensor can be used on.
Response: Enter a valid number.
Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the pipe wall thickness
dimension – accepted range is 0.4 to 3 inches (1 to 75 mm).
Response: Enter a valid number.
Lining thickness out of
range
Temperature range Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the fluid temperature.
Invalid Date or Time Interpretation: The entered Date or Time is invalid, or when setting up ‘timed’ data
33
Interpretation: You have entered an out-of-range value for the lining thickness
dimension – acceptable range is 0 to 0.4 inches (0 to 25 mm).
Response: Enter a valid number.
Accepted temperature range -4°F to +572°F (-20°C to +300°C).
Response: Enter a valid number.
logging the Stop time is set earlier than the Start time.
Response: Enter a valid Date and Time.
5: Troubleshooting
Figure 5.2 Test block
Sensors: INVALID Interpretation: The selected temperature is higher than the maximum allowed for the
sensor type.
Response: Enter a different temperature.
Mode: Err Typ Interpretation: The selected sensors are invalid and the mode cannot be verified.
Response: Select a mode that gives a non-zero separation distance.
BATTERY ERRORS
Battery Low Interpretation: The battery has discharged to below 30% remaining. This leaves the
instrument with approximately 4 hours remaining, depending on power usage, before it
needs recharging.
Response: Recharge the internal battery at the earliest opportunity. Do not leave the
instrument for a prolonged period with a fully discharged battery.
Battery Exhausted Interpretation: The battery is approaching a fully discharged state and the instrument is
about to store the internal data and shut-down.
Response: Recharge the battery.
5.4 Test Block
A test block is included with the PUB equipment to allow the
transducers and inter-connecting cables to be functionally
checked.
1. Switch ON the instrument.
2. Select Quick start and enter the parameters shown in
the table below for the appropriate transducer type (A or B):
Parameter A Sensors B Sensors
Pipe outside diameter 1.18 inch 1.97 inch
Pipe wall thickness 0.55 inch 0.87 inch
Pipe lining thickness 0.0
Pipe wall material Plastic
Fluid type Water
Mode Diagonal
Temp
3. When the above data is entered, the SENSOR SEPARATION screen will be displayed.
4. Press either the UP/DOWN cursor keys to go to the SENSOR SELECTION menu.
34
68°F
5: Troubleshooting
5. Select Sensor mode and position the cursor at Diagonal and press ENTER to return to the SENSOR
SELECTION menu.
6. Select Exit and press ENTER to return to the SENSOR SEPARATION screen.
7. Check that the parameters displayed are correct.
8. Apply acoustic couplant to the sensors and attach them to the test block with the connectors positioned
towards the center of the test block as shown, and temporarily secure them in place using elastic bands or
tape.
9. Connect the sensors to the PUB instrument using the cables provided.
10. Press ENTER to go to the FLOW READING screen.
11. Select the Options key to go to the FLOW READING OPTION menu and set the Damping to at least 10
seconds.
12. Select Exit and press ENTER to return to the FLOW READING menu.
13. The flow reading value displayed is not important. The fact that a reading is obtained indicates that the
instrument is functioning. This value may fluctuate but this is normal.
14. The signal strength indicator at the left of the display should show 3–4 bars.
5.5 Microprocessor Reset Facility
In the rare event that the PUB instrument appears to totally hang-up, or the display is indistinguishable, you can
reset its microprocessor by carefully inserting a straightened paperclip into the pinhole located in the right-hand
side of the instrument to operate the internal reset switch. Hold the paperclip perpendicular to the instrument
while doing this.
5.6 Diagnostics Display
This feature is designed for advanced users and is intended to provide information that will aid the user to
diagnose problems – e.g. no signal strength.
When operating in the FLOW READING mode you can access a diagnostics screen by pressing the Options
function key and then selecting Diagnostics from the FLOW READING OPTIONS screen. This will display the
operating values for the following parameters.
Calculated time (µs)
This is a value the instrument predicts will be the time in µsecs that it should take for the acoustic wave to
propagate across a particular pipe size. This value is ascertained from the data entered by the user. i.e. Pipe size,
material, sensor set etc.
Actual time (µs)
This is the value the instrument measures as the time taken for the acoustic wave to propagate across the pipe. It
is used to see if the signal is being taken from the burst, at the correct time to get the strongest signal. This value
is normally a few µs below the calculated µs value. If, however, this value is much greater than the calculated
time, there is a problem with the set-up.
Flow (m/s)
This displays flow velocity in m/s to 3 decimal places.
Signal strength
This is the averaged value of Signal and should be a value between 800 and 1600 – where 800 is approximately
50%, and 1600 is approximately 100%.
35
5: Troubleshooting
Gain
Gain values are typically in the range 600 to 850.
Switches
Typical Switches values are None and *10. On small pipes (and when using the test block) the value should be
None. A Switch value of *100 indicates poor sensor set-up or poor connections.
UP/DN time difference
The difference in transit times between the upstream and downstream signals due to the fluid flow.
Fluid propagation rate
This is the sound speed of the fluid calculated using the data entered by the user.
Sensor separation
The same value as displayed in the setup screen.
36
6: Specification
6: Specification
GENERAL
DSP Measurement Technique: Transit time.
Timing Resolution: 50 pico-seconds, continuous signal level indication on display.
Flow Velocity Range: Minimum Velocity 0.33 ft/s; Max Velocity 65.6 ft/s: Bi-directional.
Turn Down Ratio: 100:1
Accuracy: ±0.5% to ±2% of flow reading for flow rate >0.66 ft/s and Pipe ID >3.0 inches (75 mm).
±3% of flow reading for flow rate >0.66 ft/s and Pipe ID in range 0.5 to 3.0 inches (13 to 75 mm).
±6% of flow reading for flow rate < 0.66 ft/s.
Repeatability: ±0.5% of measured value or ±0.066 ft/s (±0.02 m/s) whichever is the greater.
Reynolds Number Correction: Flow velocity corrected for Reynolds number over entire velocity range.
Response Time: < 500ms depending on pipe diameter.
Selectable Flow Units: VELOCITY: m/sec, ft/sec.
Selectable Volume Units: L, gal, USgals, Barrel, m³.
Total Volume: 12 Digits - forward and reverse.
VOLUME: L/s, L/min, L/h, gal/min, gal/h, USgals/min, USgals/h, Barrel/h, Barrel/day, m³/s,
m³/min, m³/h.
APPLICABLE FLUID TYPES
Fluid Condition: Clean liquids or oils that have less than 3% by volume of particulate content. Applications include
river water, sea water, potable water, demineralized water, glycol/water mix, hydraulic systems
and diesel oil.
APPLICABLE PIPE TYPES
Pipe Materials: Any sonic conducting medium such as Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Copper, UPVC, PVDF,
Pipe Dimension (outside diameter): PUB-A 0.5 to 4.5 inches (13 to 115 mm).
Pipe Wall Thickness: 0.04 to 3.0 inches (1 to 75 mm).
Pipe Lining: Applicable pipe linings include Rubber, Glass, Concrete, Epoxy, Steel.
Pipe Lining Thickness: 0.0 to 1.0 inches (0 to 25 mm).
Pipe Wall Temperature Range: Sensor operating temperature is -4°F to +275°F (-20°C to +135°C).
Concrete, Galvanized Steel, Mild Steel, Glass, Brass. Including Lined Pipes - Epoxy, Rubber,
Steel, Plastic.
PUB-B 2.0 to 40.0 inches (50 to 1000 mm).
37
6: Specification
TRANSDUCER SETS
Standard transducers: Temperature Range -4°F to +275°F (-20°C to +135°C).
'PUB-A' (standard) 0.5 to
'PUB-B' (standard) 2 to 79 inch (50 to 2000 mm) pipe OD (1 MHz).
LANGUAGES
Standard Supported Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Norwegian, Dutch, Swedish.
OUTPUTS
4.5 inch (13 to 115 mm) pipe OD (2 MHz).
Analogue Output:
Resolution:
Alarm Currents:
Isolation:
Maximum Load:
Pulse Output TTL:
Max Current:
(Volumetric mode)
Pulse Repetition Rate:
(Frequency mode)
Max Pulse Frequency
Flow at Max Frequency
4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 0 to 16 mA.
0.1% of full-scale.
Any between 0 to 26 mA.
1500 V Opto-isolated.
620 Ohms.
Opto-isolated MOSFET relay.
150 mA.
Up to 500 pulses/sec (depending on pulse width).
500 ms for 1 pulse/sec.
5 ms for 100 pulses/sec.
200 Hz.
9999 gals/min.
ELECTRICAL
Supply Voltage:
Input Voltage Range: 9 to 24 Vdc.
Power Consumption: 10.5 W.
Battery:
Technology: 5-cell NiMH.
Capacity: 3.8 AHr.
Operating Time: Typically 20 hours continuous with backlight and 4 to 20 mA output OFF.
Recharge Time: 6.5 Hours.
Service Life: >500 charge/discharge cycles.
Power Supply/Charger:
Manufacturer: Mean Well type GE18I12-P1J.
Input Voltage Range: 90 to 264 Vac.
Input Frequency Range: 47 to 63 Hz.
Output Voltage: 12 Vdc.
Max. Output Current: 1.2 A.
Approvals: CE.
38
6: Specification
MECHANICAL
Carrying case:
Rating: All components are contained in a hard-wearing polypropylene carrying case with a protective
moulded foam insert.
Enclosure:
Material: Flame retardant injection moulded ABS.
Dimensions: 10.4 x 6.6 x 2.0 inches.
Weight (Including Battery): 2.4 lb.
Protection: IP54.
Keypad:
No. Keys: 16.
Display:
Format: 240 x 64 pixel graphic display, high contrast black-on-white, with backlight.
Viewing Angle: Min 30°, typically 40°.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Operating Temperature: -4°F to +125°F (-20°C to +50°C).
Storage Temperature: -13°F to +150°F (-25°C to +149°C).
Operating Humidity: 90% RH MAX at +122°F.
Charging Temperature: 32°F to +104°F (0°C to +40°C).
APPROVALS
Safety: BS EN 61010.
EMC: BS EN 61326 - 1:2006, BS EN 61326-2-3:2006.
Battery Charger: EN61204 - 3.
SHIPPING INFORMATION
Box Dimensions: 20 x 5 x 16.5 inches.
Weight: 13.2 lb.
Volumetric Weight: 9.9 lb.
Dwyer reserve the right to alter any specification without notification.
39
6: Specification
©Copyright 2012 Dwyer Instruments, Inc. Printed in USA 9/12
DWYER INSTRUMENTS, INC.
P.O. BOX 373 • MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA 46360, USA
Phone: 219/879-8000 www.dwyer-inst.com
Fax: 219/872-9057 email: info@dwyer-inst.com
40
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