Dudek Cabrio Synthesis User Manual
www.dudek.eu
User Manual
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. The wing..............................................................................................4
2.1 Design
2.2 Construction
3. Flight operation............................................................................9
3.1 Steering lines and speed system adjustment
3.2 Free flying
3.2.1 Take-offt
3.2.2 Flight
3.2.3 Landing
3.2.4 Winching
3.3 Powered flight
3.3.1 Take-off
3.3.2 Level flight
3.3.3 Landing
3.3.4 Golden rules
3.4 Quick descent methods
1. Introduction......................................................................................3
3.4.1 Big ears
3.4.2 Spiral dive
3.4.3 B-stall
3.5 Acro Flying
3.5.1 Wing over
3.6 Extreme manoeuvrese
3.6.1 One sided collapse
3.6.2 Frontal collapse
3.6.3 Full stall and negative spin
3.6.4 Parachutal stall
3.6.5 Line over and cravatte
3.6.6 Emergency steering
4. Canopy care........................................................................................26
4.1 Storage
4.2 Cleaning
4.3 Repair
4.4 Deterioration - a few tips
5. Technical data.................................................................................28
6. Warranty, AeroCasco..............................................................29
7. What have you bought......................................................................31
8. Rigging tables.....................................................................33
9. Risers........................................................................................36
Page
NOTE!
Please read this manual before your first flight
1. INTRODUCTION
CONGRATULATIONS!
We are pleased to welcome you among the growing number of Dudek
Paragliders pilots. You’ve become a proud owner of state-of-the-art
Synthesis Cabrio paraglider. Intensive development, application of the most
modern methods and thorough testing make the Synthesis Cabrio a userfriendly paraglider, offering the pilot a lot of fun combined with great
performance.
We wish you many enjoyable and safe flying hours.
DISCLAIMER
Please read this Manual carefully and note following details:
$ The purpose of this Manual is to offer guidelines to the pilot using
Dudek Synthesis Cabrio wing and it is by no means intended to be
used as a training manual for this or any other paraglider in general.
$ You may only fly a paraglider when qualified to do so or when
undergoing training at an accredited School or with an Instructor.
$ Pilots are personally responsible for their own safety and their
paraglider's airworthiness.
$ The use of this paraglider is solely at the user's own risk! The
manufacturer and distributor do not accept any liability connected with
this activity.
$ This paraglider on delivery meets all requirements of the EN 926-1 and
926-2 regulations. Any alterations to the paraglider will render its
certification invalid.
NOTICE
Due to the constant development process Dudek Paragliders warns that the
actual paraglider may differ slightly from the manual.
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USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
2. THE WING
WHO SHOULD FLY Synthesis Cabrio?
You love paramotoring, but since you are not fond of running at launch and
landing, you are using a trike.
Time and again you want to share your hoy with a passenger, but then avoiding
heavy paraplanes you prefer a foot-launched tandem configuration. You’ve tried
flying trike and tandem on many wings - some were too hard to launch, some
flew too slow or were too big. You did not feel safe in turbulence. That’s why you
need a wing that is both agile and easy to control, with easy launch and pleasant
handling, equipped with a set of trimmers allowing it a wide speed range. It has
to be comfortable and as safe as possible at all speeds in any conditions.
Synthesis Cabrio fulfills all these dreams. Its design is a synthesis of all desired
PPG features.
Synthesis Cabrio is designed for trike and tandme flying, yet different use calls
for different weight ranges:
- trike flying is safe in the entire weight range,
- tandem flying (foot launched) is recommended in the lower half of weight range.
Such limitation is caused by relatively high take-off speed under heavy load,
making launch in no wind a hard task. A trike will take-off all right at max load, yet
two heavy persons will probably fail. Of course there should be no problem with
foot launch when some wind is blowing.
2.1 DESIGN
While designing Synthesis Cabrio we put a lot of effort into flight safety,
pleasant handling, simple usage, good performance and wide speed range.
Distinguishing feature of Synthesis Cabrio is its agility. Take-off is easy,
provided that right technique and trimmer setting are used. With proper
settings and good engine, pulling A-risers may be not necessary (canopy
rises on its own) - a welcomed feature for trike use. In addition, it is possible
to clip into A-risers special lines shortening them during trike launch.
A tremendous advantage of the cabrio is its wide speed range on trims. It is
of special importance for tandem and trike pilots, as they have no way to
employ standard speed system. But in reality everybody should be delighted
with maximum speed, offering joy when overtaking others and broadening
your operational envelope.
Additional TST system makes easy steering at high speeds. Incorporation of
our novel Dudek Reflex Airfoil and corresponding rigging result in
domfortable flight even in rough conditions due to great margin of passive
safety.
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We feel safe to declare the Synthesis Cabrio to be the best wing available in
its class.
The fundamental feature a good PPG and PPGG wing should possess is its
great stability and tuck-resistance. When this is achieved, the user does not
have to concentrate all the time on steering, thus saving energy for other
purposes like navigation, taking pictures or simply enjoying the flight. In
addition the faster and safer your paraglider is, the more often you can fly.
While the Synthesis Cabrio was designed to retain all features of a
conventional paralider, application of a reflex aerofoil section added several
new qualities. First of all, using that profile means that the wing stability does
not depend exclusively on the pilot's weight and actions anymore. It
maintains its own pitch attitude, rising and sinking through thermals while
remaining stable above your head, without need for so much pilot input.
Generally speaking the reflex profile is a special kind of aerofoil section.
Specific static pressure distribution creates a situation where at low attack
angles only the wing fore part (some 60% of the chord) is producing lift,
while rear 40% of the chord creates an effective stabiliser against excessive
decrease of the attack angle. The trimmer system allows you to considerably
raise the airfoil’s rear part, thus effectively reducing projected chord and
surface area by some 30%, giving the paraglider a higher wing loading and
increased speed without change in the angle of attack. The centre of
pressure also moves forward, adding enhanced pitch stability. Such a shift of
loading gives the wing exceptional tuck-resistance and increases its
projected aspect ratio, resulting in much better flight data (especially at full
speed).
Should you require more lift at lower speeds, the rear section can be pulled
down to restore a full airfoil, effective along the whole chord.
Piloting the Synthesis Cabrio actually reminds flying a conventional powered
aircraft more than a paraglider.
Below we will try to give you a closer look at some of the remarkable
Synthesis Cabrio features.
2.2 CONSTRUCTION
Synthesis Cabrio is basically a Synthesis, yet a Synthesis that was
redesigned, enlarged and adjusted to special needs. Retaining the same
planform it has four cells more, strenghthened structure and enhanced
rigging. Additional V-shaped mylar reinforcements contribute to exceptional
durability and perfect aerofoil reproduction.
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The entire Synthesis Cabrio 3D body was designed in our CSG (Canopy
Shape Guard) system, comprising many elements resulting in exceptional
coherence and stability of the shape.
Below you will find a short description of CSG subsystems.
Synthesis Cabrio has an elliptical planform with slightly rearward swept tips.
Every second cell is divided in two, with ribs additionally supported by
diagonal VSS (V-shaped supports) system. Such arrangement ensures a
smooth top surface, exact aerofoil reproduction across the entire wingspan
and yet more importantly, minimal number of suspension points.
The lower surface has a RSS (Reinforcing Strap System) applied in the
wing’s interior. RSS is a ballooning-independent reinforcements system
made entirely of paragliding fabric, effectively stiffening and stabilizing the
canopy.
Synthesis Cabrio’s aerofoil is another product of our Dudek Reflex Airfoil
technology (DRA). It was designed with our previous experiences in mind
and thoroughly tested with numerical methods. It is a reflex profile, with all its
typical features described above.
The suspension point areas are additionally reinforced with laminated fabric
so that loads are equally distributed on three planes: vertically (with the ribs),
diagonally (with VSS system) and level through RSS.
All crossports have been prepared using OCD (Optimised Crossports
Design) technology. Carefully designed shapes of the openings and their
optimal placement between stress lines guarantee efficient pressure
distribution in the canopy and its quick inflation. These openings are scaled
together with the ribs, so their replicability remains perfect and they do not
disturb the aerofoil in any way.
The leading edge of Synthesis Cabrio is closed to airflow, and its precise
shape is supported by reinforcements of laminated fabric.
Cell openings are positioned on the undersurface in the vicinity of leading
edge. Their position was chosen very carefully, so that they got maximum
ram effect in possibly many flight situations. In several places the leading
edge features our CCS (Closed Cell Structure) system - this is a number of
closed cells in most important locations. It’s goal is to hinder the backflow
from the cells out and thus to facilitate their refilling and canopy recovery in
case of a collapse.
Each wingtip consists of four additional cells, creating stabilizers. They
maintain correct tension of the canopy, improve directional stability and play
important role in keeping your turns efficient and even. In the very tips there
are CS cleaning slots, placed there for easy removal of dirt from inside the
wing.
66
Careful selection of modern fabrics and design solutions brings about great
strength and durability of the Synthesis Cabrio. All materials come from
numbered production batches, and each production step can be verified
down to identification of specific worker and controller.
Fabric
Each kind of fabric has its unique features and characteristics. We
composed them so that their interplay creates a perfect blend.
The Synthesis Cabrio’s upper surface is made of Porcher Skytex 45
Evolution fabric (formerly named Aquatic), perfectly proven in our earlier
wings. Basically it's a nylon material covered with superb E85A impregnate,
introduced into mass production in January 2002 after a series of extensive
laboratory and real flying tests. Such covered fabric is not very stiff and what's most important - has increased tear, stretch and UV resistance. It is
not siliconed, so minor repairs can be easily made with self-adhesive strips.
The lower surface is made of Skytex 40 Classic with E38A impregnate. This
fabric has a great weight/resistance ratio and is one of the greatest Porcher
successes in providing proper materials for the paragliding industry.
The ribs must be as rigid and stretch-resistant as possible. We found these
qualities in Skytex 40 Hard with E29A impregnate. All reinforcements are
made of SR-Scrim.
RIGGING SYSTEM
All of the Synthesis Cabrio suspension lines are sheathed in a coloured
polyester layer, covering brownish Technora core. Relatively low number of
lines required such composition, featuring high strength and stretchresistance.
The rigging system consists of individual lines looped and stitched at each
end. The upper level lines (gallery) start at the attachment points. Each two
lines connect to one middle layer line, and those in turn connect by twos and
threes to main suspension lines, which are attached to the risers with
triangular quick links (maillons). To prevent their slipping off, the lines are
kept together with a rubber 'O ring'. All the maillons are made of corrosion
resistant, polished stainless steel, ensuring excellent strength and durability.
Stabilo lines run from wingtips to the maillons using cascade principle as
well.
Same scheme applies to brake lines. They run from the trailing edge through
consecutive cascades to main steering lines, which are lead through pulleys
connected to rear risers and then fixed to the brake handles. Steering lines
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USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
do not carry any load. Some of the steering lines (of the FC group) are
additionally led through rings sewn into the trailing edge. Because of this
feature the trailing edge is shortened on application of the brake, so that
steering becomes lighter and more effective.
All the lines are distinguished with colours depending on their strength
and diameter as follows:
diameter: 2.3 mm; strength: 420 daN; colour: celadon (willow green),
diameter: 1.8 mm; strength: 280 daN; colour: red,
diameter: 1.5 mm; strength: 190 daN; colour: violet,
diameter: 1.3 mm; strength: 140 daN; colour: green,
diameter: 1.2 mm; strength: 90 daN; colour: blue,
(colours are subject to slight changes).
The Risers
Synthesis Cabrio is equipped with four-way risers featuring:
$ an ELR (Easy Launch Riser) system. This is an specially marked A
riser (gold ribbon) with additional point for clipping in lines or straps
assisting the inflation process,
$ trimmers made of red band with visible scale, designed for quick
and easy replacement in case of deterioration;
$ two levels of pulleys, to be used depending on the hangpoint,
$ Tip Steering Toggle system.
For quick and easy recognition some of the risers are distinguished with
coloured band as follows:
A - gold (used for launching)
A' - blue (used for big ears)
B - red (used for B-stall)
D - grey (needed to keep the glider down in strong winds or interrupting the
launch).
Main A row suspension lines connect to an A (gold) and A' (blue) risers. B
row and stabiliser lines go to B risers (red), C lines go to C risers (no
distinction band), and D lines to D risers (grey), which through pulleys keep
the steering lines too. Brake handles are attached to the steering lines at
optimal places, guaranteeing safe and effective operation. On the main
brake lines there are two points marked, higher and lower, to be used
depending on the harness hangpoint. On adjusting the steering lines see
chapter 3.1.
88
99
Our newest brake handle used in Synthesis Cabrio besides its robust yet
light design features:
$ DCT (Double Comfort Toggle) system
$ EK (Easy Keeper) system - look below
3. FLIGHT OPERATION
3.1 STEERING LINES AND LAUNCH ASSIST ADJUSTMENT
A brand-new Synthesis Cabrio has its steering lines positioned for powered
flight in high hangpoint configuration.
Risers of the Synthesis Cabrio are shorter than in most paragliders, so the
differences in hangpoints present somewhat smaller problem. Still, there are
two sets of pulleys prepared, higher and lower (see risers scheme). On the
main steering lines there are spots marked for brake handles to be
accordingly fixed for high hangpoint configuration, as this will be used most
often.
When flying with lower hangpoints brake lines are to be run through the
higher pulleys only, and the brake handles should be adjusted for personal
comfort (shortening lines some). General rule is simple - higher hangpoints
require longer brake lines, lower hangpoints require shorter lines.
Before you take your Synthesis Cabrio in tha air, we strongly advise to try
out everything first. Hang up the entire PPG unit with ropes, sit in the
harness and have someone pull up the risers. You must make sure that in
flight you will always be able to reach the brake handles, even if the airflow
blows them away.
While being suspended in this way, you have a perfect opportunity to adjust
the launch assist system too (if present). It should engage the A risers,
shortening them while the canopy remains behind the pilot. During inflation
its effect should gradually diminish and finally disappear completely as the
canopy arrives overhead. If you think the paraglider is rising up too rapidly,
lines or straps of assist system should be lengthened.
An additional way to check the whole configuration out is to visit take-off site
in steady winds. Fill the wing and take it up over your head. When it
stabilises, check that the brakes are loose and do not pull the trailing edge.
There should be a spare inch or so before they activate.
Remember that it is always safer to set the margin of play too big than too
small. And, most important, the setting must always be symmetrical.
USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
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Double Comfort Toggle (DCT)
DCT: in order to satisfy different needs of our clients we have created a Double
Comfort Toggle system. With this solution it is possible to have your brake
handles in stiff or soft configuration, with no need to buy another set of toggles
and replace them every time. All you have to do now is take out the stiffening rod
and there you are - the soft handle is ready to use.
Easy Keeper (EK)
Easy Keeper is the name of our new indigenous way to hold the brake handles at
the risers.
The strong neodymium magnets keep them firmly in place, while both attaching
and releasing goes smoothly and easily. This idea was developed especially for
the PPG dedicated paragliders, for there is often a need to take your hands off the
brakes to check or fix things. With Easy keeper you can easily secure the brakes
in flight, thus minimizing danger of their contact with the propeller.
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Tip Steering Toggles (TST)
In order to facilitate steering the wing while at maximum speed configuration
(opened trimmers and full speed-bar) we've invented our own novel system of
controlling the stabilizers. Prior to grabbing miniature TST-handles (Tip
Steering Toggles) pilot places the main steering handles in a special Toggle
Docking Stations, equipped with strong neodymium magnets. In this way you
can comfortably steer the wing via TST handles, not worrying about the brakes
getting tangled.
TDS
handle
TST
USER MANUALUSER MANUAL
Additionally mounted straps shorten A risers during inflation (left photo). When
the canopy is ready at 12 hrs position, A risers go back to their original length
(assist system ceases to work - right photo).
Launch assist system
3.2 FREE FLIGHT (no power unit)
Although the Synthesis Cabrio according to its design book is a fast PPG
wing, it behaves surprisingly well as a classic tandem paraglider too and can
be used as such without any changes.
The essential difference between Synthesis Cabrio and classic paragliders
means that due to its increased tuck-resistance (both during start and flight)
and greater speed range it can be safely flown in strong conditions.
Generally (and paradoxically from traditional point of view) the faster you fly,
the safer is your flight.
Most of tandem and practically all trike launches are executed as alpine
(forward) launches due to considerable inertia of pilot/passenger
combination. Reverse launches are being done only when it is really
impossible to take off the classic way. A reverse launch with a trike is hardly
possible at all.
3.2.1 TAKE-OFF
In case of forward launch we recommend that after laying out the wing all
lines be taut, without unnecessary play. The Synthesis Cabrio is pulled up
with A risers only. The optimal trim setting is “0”, i.e. fully closed. Applying
steady pressure on the A risers (or engaging launch assist system) move
forward. The wing practically does not overshoot, so the front collapses that
otherwise happen quite often at launch, occur rarely with the Synthesis
Cabrio. Instead it kind of waits for you to catch up with it.
In case of reverse launch we recommend the trims to be set depending on
wind speed (the stronger the wind, the more open position). Due to lack of
overshooting tendency take-off is easy, pilot only has to brake slightly
beforer turning.
CAUTION
During take-off it is important to keep the risers under pressure until
almost airborne. Reflex profile used has an inherent tendency to
increase the angle of attack. In effect, Synthesis Cabrio can lag behind
the pilot when not pulled up appropriately.
3.2.2 FLIGHT
The enlarged speed range of Synthesis Cabrio may demand some attention.
Nevertheless, once you have mastered these additional aspects, flying will
become pure pleasure. Good handling will let you make the best use of
thermals, and increased speed on glides means that your presence in
sinking air will be shorter.
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