Dudek Cabrio Synthesis User Manual

www.dudek.eu

User Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. The wing..............................................................................................4

2.1 Design

2.2 Construction

3. Flight operation............................................................................9

3.1 Steering lines and speed system adjustment

3.2 Free flying

3.2.1 Take-offt

3.2.2 Flight

3.2.3 Landing

3.2.4 Winching

3.3 Powered flight

3.3.1 Take-off

3.3.2 Level flight

3.3.3 Landing

3.3.4 Golden rules

3.4 Quick descent methods

1. Introduction......................................................................................3

3.4.1 Big ears

3.4.2 Spiral dive

3.4.3 B-stall

3.5 Acro Flying

3.5.1 Wing over

3.6 Extreme manoeuvrese

3.6.1 One sided collapse

3.6.2 Frontal collapse

3.6.3 Full stall and negative spin

3.6.4 Parachutal stall

3.6.5 Line over and cravatte

3.6.6 Emergency steering

4. Canopy care........................................................................................26

4.1 Storage

4.2 Cleaning

4.3 Repair

4.4 Deterioration - a few tips

5. Technical data.................................................................................28

6. Warranty, AeroCasco..............................................................29

7. What have you bought......................................................................31

8. Rigging tables.....................................................................33

9. Risers........................................................................................36

Page

NOTE!
Please read this manual before your first flight

1. INTRODUCTION

CONGRATULATIONS!

We are pleased to welcome you among the growing number of Dudek
Paragliders pilots. You’ve become a proud owner of state-of-the-art
Synthesis Cabrio paraglider. Intensive development, application of the most
modern methods and thorough testing make the Synthesis Cabrio a user­friendly paraglider, offering the pilot a lot of fun combined with great
performance.

We wish you many enjoyable and safe flying hours.

DISCLAIMER

Please read this Manual carefully and note following details:

$ The purpose of this Manual is to offer guidelines to the pilot using

Dudek Synthesis Cabrio wing and it is by no means intended to be
used as a training manual for this or any other paraglider in general.

$ You may only fly a paraglider when qualified to do so or when

undergoing training at an accredited School or with an Instructor.

$ Pilots are personally responsible for their own safety and their

paraglider's airworthiness.

$ The use of this paraglider is solely at the user's own risk! The

manufacturer and distributor do not accept any liability connected with
this activity.

$ This paraglider on delivery meets all requirements of the EN 926-1 and

926-2 regulations. Any alterations to the paraglider will render its
certification invalid.

NOTICE

Due to the constant development process Dudek Paragliders warns that the
actual paraglider may differ slightly from the manual.

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2. THE WING

WHO SHOULD FLY Synthesis Cabrio?

You love paramotoring, but since you are not fond of running at launch and
landing, you are using a trike.

Time and again you want to share your hoy with a passenger, but then avoiding
heavy paraplanes you prefer a foot-launched tandem configuration. You’ve tried
flying trike and tandem on many wings - some were too hard to launch, some
flew too slow or were too big. You did not feel safe in turbulence. That’s why you
need a wing that is both agile and easy to control, with easy launch and pleasant
handling, equipped with a set of trimmers allowing it a wide speed range. It has
to be comfortable and as safe as possible at all speeds in any conditions.

Synthesis Cabrio fulfills all these dreams. Its design is a synthesis of all desired
PPG features.

Synthesis Cabrio is designed for trike and tandme flying, yet different use calls
for different weight ranges:

- trike flying is safe in the entire weight range,

- tandem flying (foot launched) is recommended in the lower half of weight range.
Such limitation is caused by relatively high take-off speed under heavy load,

making launch in no wind a hard task. A trike will take-off all right at max load, yet
two heavy persons will probably fail. Of course there should be no problem with
foot launch when some wind is blowing.

2.1 DESIGN

While designing Synthesis Cabrio we put a lot of effort into flight safety,
pleasant handling, simple usage, good performance and wide speed range.

Distinguishing feature of Synthesis Cabrio is its agility. Take-off is easy,
provided that right technique and trimmer setting are used. With proper
settings and good engine, pulling A-risers may be not necessary (canopy
rises on its own) - a welcomed feature for trike use. In addition, it is possible
to clip into A-risers special lines shortening them during trike launch.

A tremendous advantage of the cabrio is its wide speed range on trims. It is
of special importance for tandem and trike pilots, as they have no way to
employ standard speed system. But in reality everybody should be delighted
with maximum speed, offering joy when overtaking others and broadening
your operational envelope.

Additional TST system makes easy steering at high speeds. Incorporation of
our novel Dudek Reflex Airfoil and corresponding rigging result in
domfortable flight even in rough conditions due to great margin of passive
safety.

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We feel safe to declare the Synthesis Cabrio to be the best wing available in
its class.

The fundamental feature a good PPG and PPGG wing should possess is its
great stability and tuck-resistance. When this is achieved, the user does not
have to concentrate all the time on steering, thus saving energy for other
purposes like navigation, taking pictures or simply enjoying the flight. In
addition the faster and safer your paraglider is, the more often you can fly.

While the Synthesis Cabrio was designed to retain all features of a
conventional paralider, application of a reflex aerofoil section added several
new qualities. First of all, using that profile means that the wing stability does
not depend exclusively on the pilot's weight and actions anymore. It
maintains its own pitch attitude, rising and sinking through thermals while
remaining stable above your head, without need for so much pilot input.

Generally speaking the reflex profile is a special kind of aerofoil section.
Specific static pressure distribution creates a situation where at low attack
angles only the wing fore part (some 60% of the chord) is producing lift,
while rear 40% of the chord creates an effective stabiliser against excessive
decrease of the attack angle. The trimmer system allows you to considerably
raise the airfoil’s rear part, thus effectively reducing projected chord and
surface area by some 30%, giving the paraglider a higher wing loading and
increased speed without change in the angle of attack. The centre of
pressure also moves forward, adding enhanced pitch stability. Such a shift of
loading gives the wing exceptional tuck-resistance and increases its
projected aspect ratio, resulting in much better flight data (especially at full
speed).

Should you require more lift at lower speeds, the rear section can be pulled
down to restore a full airfoil, effective along the whole chord.

Piloting the Synthesis Cabrio actually reminds flying a conventional powered
aircraft more than a paraglider.

Below we will try to give you a closer look at some of the remarkable
Synthesis Cabrio features.

2.2 CONSTRUCTION

Synthesis Cabrio is basically a Synthesis, yet a Synthesis that was
redesigned, enlarged and adjusted to special needs. Retaining the same
planform it has four cells more, strenghthened structure and enhanced
rigging. Additional V-shaped mylar reinforcements contribute to exceptional
durability and perfect aerofoil reproduction.

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The entire Synthesis Cabrio 3D body was designed in our CSG (Canopy
Shape Guard) system, comprising many elements resulting in exceptional
coherence and stability of the shape.

Below you will find a short description of CSG subsystems.
Synthesis Cabrio has an elliptical planform with slightly rearward swept tips.

Every second cell is divided in two, with ribs additionally supported by
diagonal VSS (V-shaped supports) system. Such arrangement ensures a
smooth top surface, exact aerofoil reproduction across the entire wingspan
and yet more importantly, minimal number of suspension points.

The lower surface has a RSS (Reinforcing Strap System) applied in the
wing’s interior. RSS is a ballooning-independent reinforcements system
made entirely of paragliding fabric, effectively stiffening and stabilizing the
canopy.

Synthesis Cabrio’s aerofoil is another product of our Dudek Reflex Airfoil
technology (DRA). It was designed with our previous experiences in mind
and thoroughly tested with numerical methods. It is a reflex profile, with all its
typical features described above.

The suspension point areas are additionally reinforced with laminated fabric
so that loads are equally distributed on three planes: vertically (with the ribs),
diagonally (with VSS system) and level through RSS.

All crossports have been prepared using OCD (Optimised Crossports
Design) technology. Carefully designed shapes of the openings and their
optimal placement between stress lines guarantee efficient pressure
distribution in the canopy and its quick inflation. These openings are scaled
together with the ribs, so their replicability remains perfect and they do not
disturb the aerofoil in any way.

The leading edge of Synthesis Cabrio is closed to airflow, and its precise
shape is supported by reinforcements of laminated fabric.

Cell openings are positioned on the undersurface in the vicinity of leading
edge. Their position was chosen very carefully, so that they got maximum
ram effect in possibly many flight situations. In several places the leading
edge features our CCS (Closed Cell Structure) system - this is a number of
closed cells in most important locations. It’s goal is to hinder the backflow
from the cells out and thus to facilitate their refilling and canopy recovery in
case of a collapse.

Each wingtip consists of four additional cells, creating stabilizers. They
maintain correct tension of the canopy, improve directional stability and play
important role in keeping your turns efficient and even. In the very tips there
are CS cleaning slots, placed there for easy removal of dirt from inside the
wing.

66

Careful selection of modern fabrics and design solutions brings about great
strength and durability of the Synthesis Cabrio. All materials come from
numbered production batches, and each production step can be verified
down to identification of specific worker and controller.

Fabric

Each kind of fabric has its unique features and characteristics. We
composed them so that their interplay creates a perfect blend.

The Synthesis Cabrio’s upper surface is made of Porcher Skytex 45
Evolution fabric (formerly named Aquatic), perfectly proven in our earlier
wings. Basically it's a nylon material covered with superb E85A impregnate,
introduced into mass production in January 2002 after a series of extensive
laboratory and real flying tests. Such covered fabric is not very stiff and ­what's most important - has increased tear, stretch and UV resistance. It is
not siliconed, so minor repairs can be easily made with self-adhesive strips.

The lower surface is made of Skytex 40 Classic with E38A impregnate. This
fabric has a great weight/resistance ratio and is one of the greatest Porcher
successes in providing proper materials for the paragliding industry.

The ribs must be as rigid and stretch-resistant as possible. We found these
qualities in Skytex 40 Hard with E29A impregnate. All reinforcements are
made of SR-Scrim.

RIGGING SYSTEM

All of the Synthesis Cabrio suspension lines are sheathed in a coloured
polyester layer, covering brownish Technora core. Relatively low number of
lines required such composition, featuring high strength and stretch­resistance.

The rigging system consists of individual lines looped and stitched at each
end. The upper level lines (gallery) start at the attachment points. Each two
lines connect to one middle layer line, and those in turn connect by twos and
threes to main suspension lines, which are attached to the risers with
triangular quick links (maillons). To prevent their slipping off, the lines are
kept together with a rubber 'O ring'. All the maillons are made of corrosion
resistant, polished stainless steel, ensuring excellent strength and durability.

Stabilo lines run from wingtips to the maillons using cascade principle as
well.

Same scheme applies to brake lines. They run from the trailing edge through
consecutive cascades to main steering lines, which are lead through pulleys
connected to rear risers and then fixed to the brake handles. Steering lines

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USER MANUALUSER MANUAL

do not carry any load. Some of the steering lines (of the FC group) are
additionally led through rings sewn into the trailing edge. Because of this
feature the trailing edge is shortened on application of the brake, so that
steering becomes lighter and more effective.

All the lines are distinguished with colours depending on their strength
and diameter as follows:

diameter: 2.3 mm; strength: 420 daN; colour: celadon (willow green),
diameter: 1.8 mm; strength: 280 daN; colour: red,
diameter: 1.5 mm; strength: 190 daN; colour: violet,
diameter: 1.3 mm; strength: 140 daN; colour: green,
diameter: 1.2 mm; strength: 90 daN; colour: blue,

(colours are subject to slight changes).

The Risers

Synthesis Cabrio is equipped with four-way risers featuring:

$ an ELR (Easy Launch Riser) system. This is an specially marked A

riser (gold ribbon) with additional point for clipping in lines or straps
assisting the inflation process,

$ trimmers made of red band with visible scale, designed for quick

and easy replacement in case of deterioration;

$ two levels of pulleys, to be used depending on the hangpoint,
$ Tip Steering Toggle system.

For quick and easy recognition some of the risers are distinguished with
coloured band as follows:

A - gold (used for launching)
A' - blue (used for big ears)
B - red (used for B-stall)
D - grey (needed to keep the glider down in strong winds or interrupting the

launch).
Main A row suspension lines connect to an A (gold) and A' (blue) risers. B

row and stabiliser lines go to B risers (red), C lines go to C risers (no
distinction band), and D lines to D risers (grey), which through pulleys keep
the steering lines too. Brake handles are attached to the steering lines at
optimal places, guaranteeing safe and effective operation. On the main
brake lines there are two points marked, higher and lower, to be used
depending on the harness hangpoint. On adjusting the steering lines see
chapter 3.1.

88

99

Our newest brake handle used in Synthesis Cabrio besides its robust yet
light design features:

$ DCT (Double Comfort Toggle) system
$ EK (Easy Keeper) system - look below

3. FLIGHT OPERATION

3.1 STEERING LINES AND LAUNCH ASSIST ADJUSTMENT

A brand-new Synthesis Cabrio has its steering lines positioned for powered
flight in high hangpoint configuration.

Risers of the Synthesis Cabrio are shorter than in most paragliders, so the
differences in hangpoints present somewhat smaller problem. Still, there are
two sets of pulleys prepared, higher and lower (see risers scheme). On the
main steering lines there are spots marked for brake handles to be
accordingly fixed for high hangpoint configuration, as this will be used most
often.

When flying with lower hangpoints brake lines are to be run through the
higher pulleys only, and the brake handles should be adjusted for personal
comfort (shortening lines some). General rule is simple - higher hangpoints
require longer brake lines, lower hangpoints require shorter lines.

Before you take your Synthesis Cabrio in tha air, we strongly advise to try
out everything first. Hang up the entire PPG unit with ropes, sit in the
harness and have someone pull up the risers. You must make sure that in
flight you will always be able to reach the brake handles, even if the airflow
blows them away.

While being suspended in this way, you have a perfect opportunity to adjust
the launch assist system too (if present). It should engage the A risers,
shortening them while the canopy remains behind the pilot. During inflation
its effect should gradually diminish and finally disappear completely as the
canopy arrives overhead. If you think the paraglider is rising up too rapidly,
lines or straps of assist system should be lengthened.

An additional way to check the whole configuration out is to visit take-off site
in steady winds. Fill the wing and take it up over your head. When it
stabilises, check that the brakes are loose and do not pull the trailing edge.
There should be a spare inch or so before they activate.

Remember that it is always safer to set the margin of play too big than too

small. And, most important, the setting must always be symmetrical.

USER MANUALUSER MANUAL

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Double Comfort Toggle (DCT)

DCT: in order to satisfy different needs of our clients we have created a Double
Comfort Toggle system. With this solution it is possible to have your brake
handles in stiff or soft configuration, with no need to buy another set of toggles
and replace them every time. All you have to do now is take out the stiffening rod
and there you are - the soft handle is ready to use.

Easy Keeper (EK)

Easy Keeper is the name of our new indigenous way to hold the brake handles at
the risers.
The strong neodymium magnets keep them firmly in place, while both attaching
and releasing goes smoothly and easily. This idea was developed especially for
the PPG dedicated paragliders, for there is often a need to take your hands off the
brakes to check or fix things. With Easy keeper you can easily secure the brakes
in flight, thus minimizing danger of their contact with the propeller.

1111

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Tip Steering Toggles (TST)

In order to facilitate steering the wing while at maximum speed configuration
(opened trimmers and full speed-bar) we've invented our own novel system of
controlling the stabilizers. Prior to grabbing miniature TST-handles (Tip
Steering Toggles) pilot places the main steering handles in a special Toggle
Docking Stations, equipped with strong neodymium magnets. In this way you
can comfortably steer the wing via TST handles, not worrying about the brakes
getting tangled.

TDS

handle

TST

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Additionally mounted straps shorten A risers during inflation (left photo). When
the canopy is ready at 12 hrs position, A risers go back to their original length
(assist system ceases to work - right photo).

Launch assist system

3.2 FREE FLIGHT (no power unit)

Although the Synthesis Cabrio according to its design book is a fast PPG
wing, it behaves surprisingly well as a classic tandem paraglider too and can
be used as such without any changes.

The essential difference between Synthesis Cabrio and classic paragliders
means that due to its increased tuck-resistance (both during start and flight)
and greater speed range it can be safely flown in strong conditions.
Generally (and paradoxically from traditional point of view) the faster you fly,
the safer is your flight.

Most of tandem and practically all trike launches are executed as alpine
(forward) launches due to considerable inertia of pilot/passenger
combination. Reverse launches are being done only when it is really
impossible to take off the classic way. A reverse launch with a trike is hardly
possible at all.

3.2.1 TAKE-OFF

In case of forward launch we recommend that after laying out the wing all
lines be taut, without unnecessary play. The Synthesis Cabrio is pulled up
with A risers only. The optimal trim setting is “0”, i.e. fully closed. Applying
steady pressure on the A risers (or engaging launch assist system) move
forward. The wing practically does not overshoot, so the front collapses that
otherwise happen quite often at launch, occur rarely with the Synthesis
Cabrio. Instead it kind of waits for you to catch up with it.

In case of reverse launch we recommend the trims to be set depending on
wind speed (the stronger the wind, the more open position). Due to lack of
overshooting tendency take-off is easy, pilot only has to brake slightly
beforer turning.

CAUTION
During take-off it is important to keep the risers under pressure until

almost airborne. Reflex profile used has an inherent tendency to
increase the angle of attack. In effect, Synthesis Cabrio can lag behind
the pilot when not pulled up appropriately.

3.2.2 FLIGHT

The enlarged speed range of Synthesis Cabrio may demand some attention.
Nevertheless, once you have mastered these additional aspects, flying will
become pure pleasure. Good handling will let you make the best use of
thermals, and increased speed on glides means that your presence in
sinking air will be shorter.

1212

To avoid stalls when braking at slow trims setting (low values on the scale),
their movement is restricted by tape sewing. (Note: it is possible to push the
sewn tape through the buckle with both hands to replace it, but normal
operation range is restricted as said.

When the trims are fully opened (high scale values) the wing becomes faster
and stiffer, increasing its stability even more. The brake forces increase too,
as well as the distance to the stall point. The radius and bank angle in turns
grow proportionately to the increasing brake forces. If the trims are set fast
(or fully opened) and the wing is not flown near ground, a switch to TST
steering is strongly advised (see page 10). Turns executed in this way will be
slightly wider, but force needed to steer will be much smaller and, what's
even more important, your airspeed will not be diminished by turning. TST
system can be used in all speed system & trim configuration.

3.2.3 LANDING

With closed trimmers (slow position) Synthesis Cabrio lands like any other
paraglider. The brake forces, initially low, are growing proportionally, giving
ample warning before stalling. Still you should be careful when flying at low
speeds until fully familiar with brake operation. When landing with trims set
fast (above "0" position) your bigger speed may require proportionately more
space. Note that the paraglider has a lot of kinetic energy and careless
application of brakes may even cause the wing to climb.

Despite apparent ease of steering and most pilots quickly gaining enough
trust to fly the wing in stronger conditions than usual, it is always advised to
be careful when flying at low altitudes.

Remember that Synthesis Cabrio can fly faster than classic paragliders and
sometimes it can be of importance (e.g. when landing on a slope).

After landing in strong wind the paraglider can be safely put down with a
strong pull on the rear D risers.

3.2.4 WINCHING
Synthesis Cabrio is not designed for winching. As mentioned before, reflex

profile used in the wing has an inherent tendency to increase the angle of
attack. While in normal flight such a disposition makes it safer, during winch
start it can be dangerous.

Nevertheless, a lot of successful winches on Synthesis Cabrio have been
made. Experience shows that it should only be done with trims set a couple
of centimeters above "0" point. Actual setting depends a lot on given take-off
weight.

To sum it up: winching can be done, but proper attention must be paid.

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3.3 POWERED FLIGHT

CAUTION: Before each start it is necessary to have a thorough check of the
wing, harness and power unit (trike).

In powered flight most of the wing characteristics remain as described above
(chapter 3.2). Still there is additional information needed, concerning power
output, proper matching of the wing/engine/propeller/trike etc.

Dudek Paragliders cannot take responsibility for all possible combinations,
but if you will contact us in doubt, we are always ready to help.

First flights

In order to get familiar with your wing we recommend flying with trimmers set
slow, because in this configuration Synthesis Cabrio behaves as a standard
wing. Flying like that try pulling the brakes until you feel resistance, usually it
will be at about 1/4 of the range.

Once you feel competent with your wing, you can start experimenting with
faster trim settings. Learn to use all the additional speed and safety of the
Synthesis Cabrio .

3.3.1 TAKE OFF
Classic foot launch

Even when it seems that there is no wind at all, it is rarely so. Therefore
always be careful in determining the conditions, as in PPG flying it is most
important that the launch and initial climb are performed with a head wind
(danger of losing your airspeed while crossing the wind gradient is greatly
reduced). Special attention must be paid to trees, power lines and other
obstacles, including the possibility of emerging rotors.

Wing preparation

Lay out the paraglider downwind of the power unit, with all suspension lines
taut and pointing toward center of the power unit. The risers are to be laid on
the ground. Set the trimmers at “0” (see fig. 2). In strong conditions faster
settings can be advised. Make sure that you warm up the engine while
standing windward of the wing. Stop the engine before clipping in the risers.

Now have a quick check whether:

$ the helmet is on and locked,
$ the risers are clipped in the carabiners,
$ the trimmers are set,
$ nothing will get in propeller's way,

1414

$ steering lines and handles are free and not twisted,
$ engine is delivering full power,
$ airspace is clear for take off.

When you are sure everything is OK, you can clip in the wing and execute
launch as described in paragraph 3.2.1.a.

From now on you should steer the paraglider facing forward, without looking
back over your shoulder (when the wing is low behind you, turning can
cause some lines to get in the propeller). Also, possible stumbling and fall on
your back with turning propeller is always dangerous (and costly), so this
should be avoided at any price, even that of some damaged lines!

During launch, when you feel that the strain on both risers is equal, open up
full power and lean back to counter the engine thrust, so that it can will you
forward rather than towards the ground. The best option is not to use the
brakes, allowing the paraglider to rise as it was laid out. If it starts to stray
from its course, just pull the opposite riser and run under the centre of the
wing while preserving starting direction. If the wind suddenly weakens, give
a stronger pull on the risers.

If the paraglider drops to one side or back too far to be lifted again, kill the
engine, interrupt launch and check the conditions once again.

As the wing comes up, its resistance grows lighter and it should stabilise
above your head without overshooting. This is the best moment to check if it
is inflated well and the lines are not tangled, but you should do it without
stopping nor turning. If you feel the forces on the risers decrease, run faster
and let go of the risers. See whether there is any opposition on the brakes
and, if necessary, use them to correct direction or to increase lift at take-off.

Remember:

$ If the cage of your power unit is not stiff enough, the risers strained

during launch can deform it to the extent of collision with the propeller.
Before giving it full power, check that the cage is free of any lines.

$ Any brake operation (or steering input in general) should be smooth

and gentle.

$ Do not try to take off until you have your wing overhead. Hitting power

before that can cause dangerous oscillations.

$ Do not sit in the harness until you are sure you are flying!
$ The faster the trim setting, the more brake input is required for lift off.
$ The lower the hangpoints of your power unit, the easier is the launch.

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Foraward launch with trike

Basic difference of the trike launch is that you are using your power unit to get
the wing overhead, and instead of pushing the A risers usually a launch assist
system is used.

After all preparations and checks, with the risers properly clipped in you can
start the engine. If a launch assist system is used, there is just a steering
handle in one hand, with the other hand grabbing the other brake handle and
throttle. Depending on power output of your motor initially open the throttle
only enough to fill up the canopy and get it above the propeller downwash.
When the trailing edge gets some three meters above ground and both risers
are equally loaded, open the throttle fully. Preferably you should not be using
the brakes during launch at all and let the canopy rise as it was laid out. If you
see it it getting off course, give a delicate counter brake and steer your trike
under canopy root (center), while maintaining general take-off direction steady
as possible. If the wing drops too far to the side or behind you to get it up
again, switch off the engine, abort launch and re-evaluate conditions.

As the canopy rises, its resistance grows lighter and it should stabilise above
your head without overshooting. Too hasty corrections of launch direction can
result in sidewise oscillations – still, if they are not too deep, you can keep full
power in order to get off the gound as soon as possible.

After lift-off canopy will stabilize itself overhead and throttle can be eased off a
bit to get desired climb speed.

Reverse launch in strong wind

Reverse launch is possible only as a foot launch or with ultralight one-seat
trikes. It can be executed holding both A risers and one brake in one hand,
throttle and the second brake in the other hand. With a decent wind it is by far
the best way. In weaker wind it is better to prepare a classic launch, as running
backwards with an engine on your back is not an easy thing to do. It is
reasonable not to pull the wing up until you are really determined to launch,
especially when it is clipped in.

Lay down the rolled paraglider with the trailing edge facing the wind. Unfold
the wing enough to find the risers and check that no lines are looped over the
leading edge. Stretch the risers against the wind, separating left and right one.

We suggest that you lay the risers crossed in the same way you will be turning
during a reverse launch, placing one riser over the other, with the rear risers
upmost. It should be done this way because once you clip in, the cage of your
power unit will make turning without help impossible.

Now run the pre-launch checklist.

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After warming up the engine put the power unit on, turn to face the wing, go
to the risers and clip them in appropriate carabiners.

Pulling on the front and rear risers open the cells. It is a good idea to pull up
the wing briefly in order to check that the lines are not tangled. Holding
risers, brakes and throttle as described above, pull the front risers and raise
canopy over your head. On most occasions you will not have to brake it,
especially if the trimmers are set for fast flight. Perhaps it does not agree
with our experience, but this is the way the reflex profile works. When the
trimmers are opened (set above “0”), the Synthesis Cabrio profile stabilises
the wing and does not allow it to surge forward. It can even stay back a little

- in such case pull the brakes a little and the glider will come forward.
Once you have it overhead, turn around, open the throttle and take off. As

with the classic launch, in this case too you have to find such combination of
trimmers, brakes and throttle settings that will give you the best speed and
climb rate.

CAUTION:

You are launching with your hands crossed. You have to really master this
technique before trying it with a running engine on your back.

When clipping in the crossed risers, you can find proper connection of the
speed system particularly hard. Be careful not to confuse the risers!

Climbing

Once you took off safely, continue heading against the wind, using brakes to
correct rate of climb. Do not try to climb too steeply - attempts to increase
climb rate by pulling the brakes will have an adverse effect: due to the
additional drag actual rate of climb will worsen, and with the throttle fully
opened even a stall can happen.

In powered flight the Synthesis Cabrio behaves more like an aeroplane than
a paraglider, and it is good idea to think about it in this way. If there are no
obstacles present, it is by far safer (and more impressive for the spectators)
to fly level for a while after take-off and gain some speed before converting it
to height with a brief pull on the brakes.

Another reason not to try climbing too steeply is the risk connected with
engine failure at low altitude. Although Synthesis Cabrio in a steep climb
does not stay back so much as conventional paragliders do, low speed can
easily lead to a stall. Besides, you should always be able to land safely in
case of engine malfunction, so it’s better not to take unnecessary chances
and fly with a safe margin of speed.

Depending on the power unit geometry, it is possible that after take-off you
will notice a propeller torque (turning moment). It will try to turn you around,

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so be prepared for counter-steering with a brake. If it happens during steep
climb on slow trim and full power, beware of the stall possibility.

Due to typical PPG and PPGG feature - considerable vertical distance
between thrust axis and wing chord - the range of safe power operation is
closely related to your skills and equipment.

Power-unit induced oscillations

Certain configurations of engine weight, output, propeller diameter, and
height & width of hang points can cause serious oscillations, during which
pilot is lifted to one side by the torque effect, swings down due to his weight,
then is lifted again and so on.

To avoid this you can:

$ change the throttle setting and/or
$ slighty pull (nort causing a turn!) and hold one brake to counteract the

torque if there is one present and/or

$ shift yourself to the other side of the harness and/or
$ change the trimmer setting.

Such oscillations usually occur at full power - the greater the engine output
and propeller diameter, the bigger the swings. In addition there are often too
late or wrong pilot reactions, increasing the trouble instead of solving it. In
any case the safest way to deal with this question is to reduce throttle and
release the brakes.

Especially less-experienced pilots tend to overreact. It is called a pilot­induced oscillation, and proven solution in this case is to leave brakes alone.

3.3.2 LEVEL FLIGHT

Once you have gained safe height after take-off and wish to go for a route,
you can turn onto right heading, fully open trimmers and let off the brakes. If
the conditions are turbulent it can look foolhardy, but this is the essential
feature of the reflex profile - the faster you fly, the safer your Synthesis
Cabrio is. That's why you really can confidently release the brakes and enjoy
your flight.

CAUTION: Some pilots with previous free-flying experience may have a
well-grounded habit of keeping the brakes slightly applied at all times. Such
a technique, while quite reasonable on a free-flying wings as it allows for
quick pilot reactions and decreases sink, is not advisable on reflex-profile
wings. When you pull the brakes, the Synthesis Cabrio profile actually loses
its self-stabilizing character.

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If you happen to have a variometer or altimeter aboard - watch it. In level
flight it is very easy to start climbing unintentionally. The instruments will help
you optimise speed and fuel economy. Of course the economy of each flight
will depend on current configuration of your gear, but thanks to its ability to
fly safely without constant piloting the Synthesis Cabrio will let you adjust
everything to the best effect.

Good knowledge of weather conditions (e.g. wind at different altitudes) and
intelligent use of thermals, convergence and other kinds of lift will help you
greatly reduce fuel consumption and increase flight range. Of course the
engine is always there to help you find the right spot. Once there, do not
hesitate to lead the Synthesis Cabrio into thermalling in order to gain height
and save fuel. Possible shortening of the trimmers will make the climb ratio
even better.

Trimmers operation

The reflex wing section enables the Synthesis Cabrio pilot to use a wide
range of trimmers action. You are free to experiment with all possible
settings, as long as you are on safe altitude.

Fully opened trimmers increase the speed and stability of the wing, and with
it also its ability to cope with turbulences and overall penetration. As forces
on the brakes grow at high speeds, the weightshifting or steering with TST
system becomes increasingly effective. Turns executed in this way are
slightly wider, but needed steering force will be smaller and airspeed will not
decrease.

With slow trimmer settings there is an improvement in sink and steering
forces diminish, so exploring the thermals becomes possible.

Worth noting is Synthesis Cabrio’s impressive speed range - maximum
speed is almost three times greater than stall speed.

Study drawings that show trimmers setting and their influence on the wing
shape.

Independent of the current wing configuration and speed, turns can be much
tightened and more effective with differential brake operation. Slight use of
the outer brake (with considerable amount of the inner one) will diminish the
loss of lift during turn. Turns can be much improved by additional use of
throttle as well. Once with growing experience you will master these
techniques, you will be able to execute fully coordinated and effective turns,
that will bring to mind the aeroplane handling.

Remember:

$ Trimmer setting is yet another part of the pre-start check list!
$ If it will be asymmetric, wing will be turning all the time. And if you will

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inadvertently free them, reflex profile of the Synthesis Cabrio will keep
the wing level, so after opening the throttle you'll start to descend with
increased speed instead of climbing.

3.3.3 LANDING

In PPG flying there are two kinds of landing: with and without power.

Power off landing

At an altitude of 50 metres switch the engine off and start gliding as on a
conventional paraglider. It reduces chances of damaging the propeller on
landing, but on the other hand there is only one attempt possible - so it has
to be done right!

With or without power Synthesis Cabrio better copes with turbulence on
open trimmers. So, if the conditions are rough, it is better to make an
approach with greater speed, plan a lot of space (as for a hangglider) and
wear that speed off before touching down. Synthesis Cabrio preserves the
energy well, so there is a long float necessary to exchange the abundant
speed for lift.

If the landing field is not big enough and you have to land on the spot, we
advise you to close the trimmers. It will increase lift coefficient of the wing,
simultaneously decreasing its sink rate and speed. Such action is especially
important when flying with high surface loading.

Landing with power on

Make a flat approach with the engine idling, then level out and lose the
speed before final flare. Immediately after touchdown switch off the engine.

The main advantage of this procedure is of course possibility of a go-around
in case of any misjudgement. Still, if you forget to switch off the ignition
before the wing falls down, there is considerable risk of damaging propeller,
catching lines with it or even suffering injuries connected with falling with
your engine still running.

Remember:

$ Whenever possible, get to know the landing field before taking off.
$ Check the wind direction before planning the approach.
$ Landing with power off requires much less space.
$ In case of any doubt, practice the landing until you feel totally safe.

2020

3.3.4 GOLDEN RULES!

$ Never place the power unit downwind of the paraglider.
$ Check, double check and then check once again if there is no fuel

leakage.

$ Do you have enough fuel for the flight? It is always better to have too

much than too little!

$ Check if there is nothing loose in the harness, that could possibly

contact the propeller in flight

$ Whenever you encounter a problem, fix it AT ONCE however small!
$ Always put on and lock the helmet before getting in the harness
$ Before each launch run a full pre-flight inspection
$ After landing, control the wing facing the direction of flight, as on

turning you always risk getting lines in the propeller. Turn only if there
is danger of falling on your back

$ Do not ask for trouble - do not fly over water, between trees or power

lines and other places where engine failure will leave you helpless

$ Remember turbulence caused by other gliders or even yourself,

especially when flying low

$ It is not reasonable to let go of the brakes below 100 meters, because

a possible power unit malfunction may require immediate attention

$ In general never trust your engine, as it can stop at any moment.

Always fly as if that’s exactly what it's going to do

$ Unless it is not absolutely necessary (e.g. collision avoidance), do not

execute tight turns against torque. Especially when climbing you can
easily enter a stall and consequent negative spin

$ Do not fly at low altitude with a tail wind, as it pretty much narrows your

options !

$ Do not wait for the problem to grow - any change of engine sound or a

vibration can indicate some trouble, or even serious trouble. You'll
never know until you land and check it out

$ Be certain of your navigation
$ Remember that not everyone is fond of your engine noise. Do not

scare the animals.

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3.4 QUICK HEIGHT LOSS

3.4.1 BIG EARS

In order to get the big ears you have to pull down the outer lines of the A'
risers (usually distinguished with blue colour) by about 50 cm.

While inducing big ears you should never never let the brakes out of your
hands.

After tucking the tips in, Synthesis Cabrio will continue to fly straight with
increased sink rate (up to 5 m/s). You can steer the wing pretty efficiently with
weight-shifting.

After releasing the lines, the paraglider will usually open up on its own or you
can assist it with a long stroke of the brakes until the tips fill again.

Executing big ears with open trimmers is very difficult due to reflex profile
stabilisation.

CAUTION! See the PARACHUTAL STALL chapter.
Never try to pull big ears during powered climb, as the increased drag

can lead to increase of the angle of attack and a parachutal stall.
Pulling the ears while climbing is pointless anyway.

3.4.2 SPIRAL DIVE

A spiral is characterised by highest sink rates possible. Significant G-forces,
however, make it difficult to sustain a spiral dive for long, as it can place high
loads on both pilot and glider. Never do this manoeuvre in turbulence or at
too high bank angles. Control the dive and do not exceed 16 m/s sink. If the
dive is not stopping after releasing the brake, assist the glider with the outer
one.

NEVER DO BIG EARS IN A SPIRAL!
In this manoeuvre smaller number of lines is carrying an excessive load

mulitplied by the centrifugal force, what can lead to damage of the lines
or even the paraglider itself (load of a single line can be much higher
than passed in certification trials (i.e. 8 G).

3.4.3 B-STALL

To enter a B-stall, simultaneously pull down both B-risers (red tape) by 10 ­15 cm. The wing will collapse across the entire span along its B-row, the
airflow over top surface will break and canopy surface will be decreased.

Forward movement will be almost completely stopped.
Further pulling B-risers is not advised, as it increases wing instability. If the

canopy forms a horseshoe with both wingtips in front of the pilot, gently apply
both brakes to recover.

To exit a B-stall, the risers should be released in a smooth and decisive
manner.

On quick and symmetrical releasing B-lines the airflow will reinstate and the
wing will surge forward, returning to normal flight. In contrast to standard
paragliders, in case of Synthesis Cabrio there is no need to counter this
surge with brakes - yet another feature of the reflex profile!

CAUTION: see Parachutal Stall.
All rapid descent techniques should be practised in smooth air and only

with sufficient height margin! Due to Synthesis Cabrio size and
significant take-off weight many of the manoeuvres described above
will be practically impossible .

BY FAR THE BEST TECHNIQUE IS SAFE AND SANE FLYING, SO THAT
YOU WILL NEVER NEED TO DESCEND RAPIDLY!

3.5 ACRO FLYING

Synthesis Cabrio was not designed to do any aerobatics.

3.5.1 WING OVER

You make a wingover by performing a series of consecutive, alternating turns
with growing bank angle. Too much banking connected with some flaws in
co-ordination and execution can evoke pretty dynamic collapse.

CAUTION: Steep turn with bank angle over 60 degrees is a prohibited
aerobatic manoeuvre!

3.6 EXTREME FLYING MANOEUVRES
CAUTION: EXTREME FLYING MANOEUVRES SHOULD ONLY BE

CARRIED OUT DURING SAFETY TRAINING COURSE (INSTABILITY
TRAINING) UNDER PROPER GUIDANCE!

WHILE PROVOKING OR EXITING REAL SITUATIONS THERE IS A
DANGER THAT YOUR ACTIONS WILL PROVE TOO QUICK OR TOO
STRONG, SO YOU SHOULD ALWAYS EMPLOY GOOD JUDGMENT, STAY
CALM AND TAKE MEASURED ACTIONS.

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Since all actions required to exit or prevent dangerous situations on
Synthesis Cabrio are typical and pilots flying this wing should already
have proper experience, we are going to describe only the
characteristic features of this paraglider.

Description of standard methods dealing with extreme situations can be
found in textbooks.

3.6.1 ASYMMETRICAL COLLAPSE

Even when the trimmers are fully opened, collapses practically do not occur
and can be induced only by a very strong turbulence.

Still, if it happens, a little counter-steering is enough to keep the Synthesis
Cabrio on course. In normal conditions with collapses up to 50% of the
wingspan, paraglider will reinflate instantly and spontaneously.

3.6.2 FRONTAL COLLAPSE

The reflex profile of Synthesis Cabrio makes it practically impossible,
especially at higher speeds.

During tests we succeeded in creating this situation only with fully closed
trimmers and special technique. Unskillful execution can bring very deep
collapses, so recovering will require pilot action (short and equal application
of both brakes).

3.6.3 FULL STALL AND NEGATIVE SPIN

Practically do not occur, may happen only as a result of serious neglect or
intentional action of the pilot. You have to be careful when flying at low
speeds until fully familiar with brake operation.

Wing recovers spontaneously in initial phase of stall, otherwise use standard
procedures.

3.6.4 PARACHUTAL STALL

Under normal conditions does not occur. If you want to prevent it happen at
all, simply stick to a couple of rules:

$ after B-stall, release the risers quickly and evenly. Don’t be afraid -

Synthesis Cabrio does not

$ jump forward excessively;

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$ before big ears execution, ease off the trimmers a couple of

centimeters. This will increase both the sink rate and safety margin, as
big ears constitute an aerodynamic brake with significant loss of speed.

Nevertheless, if such a parachutal stall happens e.g due to strong turbulence,
release the trimmers or push the A risers forward.

3.6.5 LINE OVER and CRAVATTE

It is always possible that after collapse a stabiliser may tangle in the lines.
Usually a couple of pulls with a brake settles the matter. If it's not enough, try
to untangle it with big ears or stronger pull on the risers.

In case of any doubts you should always consider throwing a rescue chute. It
is there as a normal equipment part, not just an ornament.

3.6.6 STEERING IN EXTREME SITUATIONS

In case of any malfunction rendering normal brake operation impossible, you
can safely steer and land Synthesis Cabrio using D-risers (grey marking) or
stabilo lines. For the heading control there is TST present.

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4. CANOPY CARE

Looking after your paraglider will prolong the life of your Synthesis
Cabrio.

STORAGE

Store the paraglider in a dry place, away from chemicals and UV exposure.

Never pack or store the glider when wet, as it significantly shortens life of the
fabric.

Remember that the wing becomes damp even while lying on green grass in
full sunlight, as the grass transpires.

A good precaution to avoid dampness and/or UV when you have to wait in a
start queue is to use quick-pack after rigging up.

Always dry the glider thoroughly before packing or storage. While drying,
never expose your paraglider to direct sunlight.

To avoid excessive paraglider fabric wear, do not pack it too tightly.

Please note that with frequent playing on a field or a small hill your paraglider
will deteriorate faster due to its repeated rising, falling and being dragged
around.

CLEANING

Clean the paraglider with water and a soft sponge. Do not use any chemicals
or alcohol, as these can permanently damage the fabric.

REPAIRS

Repairs should only be carried out by the manufacturer, authorised distributor
or authorised workshop. It is acceptable to fix minor cloth damage with the
self-adhesive patches included in the package.

DETERIORATION: A FEW TIPS!

A paraglider is basically made of nylon - fabric which, like any other synthetic
material, deteriorates through excessive exposure to UV rays that come with
the sunlight.

Hence it is recommended to reduce UV exposure to a minimum by keeping
the paraglider packed away when not in use. Even when packed in a bag, it

2727

should not remain in the sun for long.
Synthesis Cabrio’s suspension lines consist of Technora inner core and

polyester sheath. Submitting them to excessive loads in flight should be
avoided, as it can cause irreversible damage. Frequent bending is not
desirable too.

Keep the paraglider clean, since getting dust in the lines and fabric will
reduce their durability.

Be careful to keep snow, sand or stones from entering the cell openings:
their weight can slow or even stall the glider, and sharp edges can damage
the cloth.

Prevent lines from catching anything, as they can overstretch or tear. Do not
step on the lines.

Uncontrolled strong wind launches and landings can result in the leading
edge of the canopy hitting the ground hard, which may seriously damage the
ribs, sewing and surface material.

Knots can chafe suspension and/or brake lines.
Check line lengths after tree or water landings, as they can stretch or shrink.

A line plan is included in this manual or may be obtained from the dealer
when needed.

After landing in water you should check the wing fabric as well, since the
wave forces can cause the fabric to distort in some areas.

When taking the wing out of the water, always do it by trailing edge, so that
water can flow out freely. After a sea landing, rinse the paraglider with fresh
water. Since salt crystals can weaken the suspension lines even after rinsing
in fresh water, you should replace the lines with new ones immediately after
contact with salt water.

Every second year Synthesis Cabrio should undergo technical inspection by
the manufacturer or authorised distributor.

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5. TECHNICAL DATA

Synthesis Cabrio 42 46

Certification pending pending

Number of cells 54 54

Surface area (flat) [m2]

42,00 46,00

Surface area (projected) [m2]

36,05 39,48

Span (flat) [m] 14,78 15,47

Span (projected) [m] 11,79 12,34

Aspect Ratio (flat) 5,20

Aspect Ratio (projected) 3,86

Sink rate [m/s] min = 1,8; trim = 2,0; max = 3,0

Speed [km/h] min = 35; trim = 45; max = 62

Max. cord [cm] 351,10 367,50

Min. cord [cm] 77,30 80,90

Distance pilot to wing [cm] 946,00 990,00

Total line lenght [m] 569,00 597,00

Weight range [kg] 150 - 270 180 - 330

Weight [kg] 10,2 11,2

Lines Technora: 1,2 & 1,3 & 1,5 & 1,8 & 2,3

Fabric

SkyTex Evolution 45 g/m

2

SkyTex Clasic 40 g/m

2

SkyTex Hard 40 g/m

2

SR Scrim, SR Laminate 180 g/m

2

Risers PASAMON - Bydgoszcz, Polska

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6. WARRANTY AND AEROCASCO

Purchase of a new paraglider is a serious expense for any pilot. That is why
we cover our paragliders with extensive warranties and additionally offer an
AeroCasco insurance against damage and repair costs.

WARRANTY

Dudek Paragliders guarantees free of charge repairs caused by the material
or production faults along following scheme:

For the free-flying paragliders warranty covers
36 months (3 years) or 300 flight hours (depending on
what comes first).If the paraglider is used for powered
flights, every hour spent in the air should be counted
as two (does not apply to dedicated PPG canopies).

For the PPG paragliders warranty covers 24 months
(2 years)/200 flight hours (depending on what comes
first).

For the mountaineering (MPG) and speedflying wings
as well as school and profit users warranty covers
18 months (1.5 year)/150 flight hours (depending on
what comes first).

WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER:

$ canopy colour fading
$ damage caused by chemicals or salt water
$ damage caused by incorrect use
$ damage caused by emergency situations
$ damage resulting from accidents (airborne or not)

WARRANTY IS ONLY VALID IF:

$ flight hours are correctly registered in the logbook of the owner (and

possible earlier owners), distinctly marking PPG flights,

$ the paraglider is handled in accordance with the operating manual,
$ the purchaser has not carried out any repair by him/herself (excl. minor

repairs with self-adhesive patches),

$ carried out any modifications,
$ the paraglider can be unmistakably identified
$ the paraglider was being inspected according to prescribed timetable.

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If you have ought your paraglider second-hand, ask its previous owner of the
paraglider for a logbooks copy (total of flying hours since the date of first
purchase).

AEROCASCO

Normal warranty does not cover repairs of damages
caused by the user or a third party. As costs of such
repairs can be considerable, Dudek Paragliders offer an
AeroCasco insurance. It covers a one-off repair of any
mechanical damage, no matter how big and whoever
inflicted them.The only expenses the purchaser has to
pay are shipping costs and so-called share-of-cost
amount.

AeroCasco can be purchased only for a brand new

paraglider (at the paraglider purchase). Its cost is 50 euro.
NOTE: AeroCasco is not available for all paragliders (check this before

purchase). It can be obtained for privately used wings only.
AeroCasco applies only to damages that took place during take-off, flight or

landing. Obviously, all faults in the material and manufacturing flaws are
covered by normal warranty.

When handing the paraglider for the repair you have to present a card
confirming its AeroCasco status. After the repair you will have to cover only
the share-of-cost value of 50 euro.

AeroCasco is valid for one repair only.There is a possibility to extend
AeroCasco for one more year. To do this you have to send your paraglider
for inspection not later than a year after the date of purchase. Extension fee
is 75 euro (incl. inspection).

Remember to attach the AeroCasco confirmation on expedition.
AeroCasco does not apply to any of the following: theft, colour fading,

damage caused by incorrect storage or transport, damage caused by
chemicals, salt water and force majeure.

7. WHAT HAVE YOU BOUGHT

The Dudek paraglider that you bought should have the following items:

$ paraglider itself (canopy, lines and risers)
$ transport bag (with compression strap)
$ MotoBag - specialised double funcion backpack
$ windsock
$ pocket with paper work and repair wallet including:

# piece of self-adhesive fabric (10 cm x 37.5 cm) for small repairs.

Note that even small tears located in the vicinity of stitches have
to be repaired by an authorised service.

# looped and stitched suspension line longer than the longest line

used in the paraglider that is to be used as a temporary
replacement. Do not cut it if you have to replace a shorter line,
just tie it at the length needed.

# paraglider passport with entered date of purchase and valid

technical inspection (please check the serial number with the
sticker on the wing tip).

# User Manual you are reading.

$ Small gifts.

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MotoBag is a dedicated solid
backpack for PPG wings, made of
proven Cordura fabric.
Simultaneously it doubles as a
quickpack if necessary.

Beside comfortable shoulder
straps to hold it traditionally on
your back it has side handles too,
so that you can carry it like a suit­case when needed.

After turning it inside out it
becomes a quickpack that will
shelter your unfolded wing when
you are in a hurry.

MotoBag

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SUMMARY

If you respect the rules of safe flying and proper glider care, you will enjoy
many years of pleasant airtime on Synthesis Cabrio. Still, you must be
aware of possible dangers and face them wisely. You must accept the fact
that all air sports are potentially dangerous and your actual safety depends
solely on you.

We insist that you fly safely, and this concerns both the weather choice and
safety margin during all manoeuvres.

FLYING THE PARAGLIDER IS ALWAYS YOUR OWN RESPONSIBILITY.

SEE YOU IN THE AIR!

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8. RIGGING TABLES

Lengths are measured with a specialised, computer-operated device. All
lines are stretched with a 5 kg load before cutting. Thanks to the
abovementioned device and proper procedures, final tolerance of line
lengths does not exceed 0.15%.

xP - main suspension line of x row,
xD - secondary line of x row,
xT - third level of x row (near the canopy),
FC - fourth level of steering lines (near the canopy).

CAUTION!!! Distances given below are to be understood as distances
between connection points. When cutting a line for repair, 20 cm extra must
be added, as at each end a 10 cm stitch is required to fix the loop. The only
exception is the main steering line (EP1), which is looped only at the upper
end, while there is 20 cm left on the lower end for fastening brake handle
(this means 30 cm extra is needed).

Rigging scheme

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9. RISERS: DESIGN AND ACCESSORIES

Figure 1 Hangpoint setting: A - high, B - low.
Synthesis Cabrio 42

D

A

trim buckle

higher pulley
for the low
hangpoints

ABC A'

B

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replaceable
trimmer
band

steering line

brake handle
with DCT system

Easy Keeper
magnets

lower pulley
for the high
hangpoints

carabiner

miniature
TST steering toggle

trim
closing grip

trim setting scale

TST line

launch

assist

system

attachment

point

Figure 2 Hangpoint setting: A - high, B - low.
Synthesis Cabrio 46

D

A

ABC A'

B

launch

assist

system

attachment

point

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trim buckle

higher pulley
for the low
hangpoints

replaceable
trimmer
band

steering line

brake handle
with DCT system

Easy Keeper
magnets

lower pulley
for the high
hangpoints

carabiner

miniature
TST steering
toggle

trim
closing grip

TST line

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Figure 3 Trimmers influence on the wing profile (Synthesis Cabrio 42)

+110

C

+220

D

B

D

AC

neutral configuration

all risers length: 380 mm

A'

B AA'

neutral configuration

risers length: A, A', B: 380 mm

3838

Trimmers closed

Minimal speed and
minimal sink

Trimmers fully opened

Maximum speed

lengthening [mm]:

Trimmers closed

Minimal speed and
minimal sink

Trimmers fully opened

Maximum speed

neutral configuration risers length:

A, A', B: 380 mm

C, D: 530 mm

lengthening [mm]:

+105

C

+210

D

B

D

AC A'

B AA'

3939

Figure 4 Trimmers influence on the wing profile (Synthesis Cabrio 46)

neutral configuration risers length:

A, A', B: 380 mm

USER MANUALUSER MANUAL

Leading edgeLeading edge

Trailing edgeTrailing edge

RisersRisers

Cell openings Cell openings

Main suspension linesMain suspension lines

Steering lineSteering line

StabilizerStabilizer

V 08.05.2009

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Dudek Paragliders

ul. Centralna 2U

86-031 Osielsko, Poland

tel. + 48 52 324 17 40

[e-mail]