www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 1 / 59
LG01N/OLG01N LoRa Gateway User Manual
Document Version: 1.0
Firmware Version: LG02_LG08—v5.1.15
Version
Description
Date
1.0
Release
2018-Dec-28
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 2 / 59
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 What is LG01N & OLG01............................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Specifications .............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Features ...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 System Structure ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.5 Applications ................................................................................................................................ 9
1.6 Hardware Variants ................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 Install SIM card in 4G module ................................................................................................... 10
1.8 Firmware Change log ............................................................................................................... 10
2. Access LG01N .......................................................................................................................... 11
3. Typical Network Setup ............................................................................................................ 12
3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet .............................................................................................. 12
3.3 Access Internet as a WiFi Client. ............................................................................................... 13
3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access .............................................................................. 15
3.5 Check Internet connection ........................................................................................................ 17
4. Example 1: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway – Limited LoRaWAN mode ............................... 18
4.1 Create a gateway in TTN Server ............................................................................................... 18
4.2 Configure LG01N Gateway ....................................................................................................... 20
4.2.1 Configure to connect to LoRaWAN server ...................................................................... 20
4.2.2 Configure LG01’s Radio frequency .................................................................................. 22
4.3 Create LoRa End Node .............................................................................................................. 22
4.3.1 About Limited support for LoRaWAN ............................................................................. 22
4.3.2 Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.3.3 Test with OTAA LoRa end node (LoRa Shield + UNO) ...................................................... 25
4.3.4 Test with ABP LoRa end node (LoRa Shield + UNO) ........................................................ 29
5. Example 2: Control LoRa radio directly as general LoRa transceiver ........................................ 33
6. Example 3: MQTT Transfer Mode ............................................................................................ 36
6.1 What is MQTT API? .................................................................................................................. 36
6.2 Step by Step Uplink Test............................................................................................................ 36
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 3 / 59
6.2.1 Simulate MQTT Publish via PC’s MQTT tool ................................................................... 37
6.2.2 Try MQTT Publish with LG01N Linux command .............................................................. 38
6.2.3 Test LG01N MQTT routine service. ................................................................................. 40
6.2.4 Configure LoRa End node ............................................................................................... 43
7. Example 4: TCP IP Client Mode................................................................................................ 44
8. Linux System ........................................................................................................................... 46
8.1 SSH Access for Linux console .................................................................................................... 46
8.2 Edit and Transfer files ............................................................................................................... 47
8.3 File System ................................................................................................................................ 47
8.4 Package maintain system ......................................................................................................... 49
9. Upgrade Linux Firmware ......................................................................................................... 50
9.1 Upgrade via Web UI ................................................................................................................. 50
9.2 Upgrade via Linux console ........................................................................................................ 50
10. FAQ ......................................................................................................................................... 51
10.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version LoRa part? .................................................................... 51
10.2 What is the frequency range of LG01N LoRa part? ............................................................. 51
10.3 What does “Limited support on LoRaWAN”? ...................................................................... 51
10.4 Can I develop my own software for LG01N? ........................................................................ 52
10.5 Can I make my own firmware for LG01N? Where can I find the source code of LG01N? .... 52
10.6 On OTAA mode, if I use the other frequency, how should I modify in the library?............... 52
10.7 How can I reset the device to factory default? .................................................................... 53
10.8 More FAQs about general LoRa questions ........................................................................... 54
11. Trouble Shooting ..................................................................................................................... 55
11.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? .................................................... 55
11.2 How to recover the LG01N if firmware crash....................................................................... 56
11.3 I configured LG01N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? .................................. 57
12. Order Info ............................................................................................................................... 58
13. Packing Info ............................................................................................................................ 58
14. Support ................................................................................................................................... 58
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 4 / 59
15. Reference ................................................................................................................................ 59
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 5 / 59
1. Introduction
1.1 What is LG01N & OLG01
LG01N & OLG01N are an open source single channel LoRa Gateway. It lets you bridge LoRa
wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular. The LoRa wireless allows
users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range
spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity.
LG01N & OLG01N have rich internet connection method such as WiFi interface, Ethernet port
and 3G/4G Cellular. These Interfaces provide flexible methods for users to connect their sensor
networks to Internet.
LG01N & OLG01N can support the LoRaWAN protocol in single frequency and customized LoRa
transition protocol.
LG01N can be used to provide a low cost IoT wireless solution to support 50~100 sensor nodes.
Except limited LoRaWAN mode, LG01N can support multiply working mode such as: MQTT mode,
TCP/IP Client mode to fit different requirement for IoT connection.
LG01N & OLG01N provide a low cost for your IoT network connection. Compare to the cost with
normal SX1301 LoRaWAN solution. LG01N & OLG01N is only of its 1/4 or less cost. This makes the
LG01N very suitable to set up small scale LoRa network or use it to extend the coverage of
current LoRaWAN network.
LG01N in an IoT Network
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 6 / 59
1.2 Specifications
Hardware System:
Linux Part:
400Mhz ar9331 processor
64MB RAM
16MB Flash
Interface:
10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 2
WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
LoRa Wireless
Power Input: 12V DC
USB 2.0 host connector x 1
USB 2.0 host internal interface x 1
1 x LoRa Interfaces
WiFi Spec:
IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
Frenquency Band: 2.4 ~ 2.462GHz
Tx power:
11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db mcs0 : 17db
11b tx power: 18db
11g 54M tx power: 12db
11g 6M tx power: 18db
Wifi Sensitivity
11g 54M : -71dbm
11n 20M : -67dbm
LoRa Spec:
Frequency Range:
Band 1 (HF): 862 ~ 1020 Mhz
Band 2 (LF): 410 ~ 528 Mhz
168 dB maximum link budget.
+20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.
+14 dBm high efficiency PA.
Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.
High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.
Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.
Excellent blocking immunity.
Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.
Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.
FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 7 / 59
Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.
Preamble detection.
127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.
Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.
Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.
Built-in temperature sensor and low battery indicator.
Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
Quectel EC25 LTE module
Micro SIM Slot
Internal 4G Antenna + External 4G Sticker Antenna.
Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem
wireless communication systems
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 8 / 59
1.3 Features
Open Source OpenWrt LEDE system
Low power consumption
Firmware upgrade via Web
Software upgradable via network
Flexible protocol to connect to IoT servers
Auto-Provisioning
Built-in web server
Managed by Web GUI, SSH via LAN or WiFi
Internet connection via LAN, WiFi, 3G or 4G
Failsafe design provides robustly system
1 x SX1276/SX1278 LoRa modules
Full–duplex LoRa transceiver
Two receive channels, and one transmit channel
Limited support in LoRaWAN/ Support Private LoRa protocol
Support upto 100 nodes
LoRa band available at 433/868/915/920 Mhz
Max range in LoRa: 5~10 km. Density Area:>500m
1.4 System Structure
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 9 / 59
1.5 Applications
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 10 / 59
1.6 Hardware Variants
The LG01N and OLG01N use the same firmware and have the same feature in the software side.
In this document, we will use LG01N as the model number to explain the feature.
Model
Photo
Description
LG01N
Indoor version for single channel LoRa Gateway,
OLG01N
Outdoor version for dual channel LoRa Gateway
1.7 Install SIM card in 4G module
LG01N & OLG01N has optional built-in 4G module version. For the 4G version, devices will be
shipped with screws un assembly, please open the box and use below direction to install the SIM
card (Micro SIM)
1.8 Firmware Change log
Please see this link for firmware change log:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/&file
=ChangeLog
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 11 / 59
2. Access LG01N
Access and configure LG01
The LG01N is configured as a WiFi AP by factory default. User can access and configure the LG01N
after connect to its WiFi network.
At the first boot of LG01N, it will auto generate an unsecure
WiFi network call dragino-xxxxxx
User can use the laptop to connect to this WiFi network. The
laptop will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LG01 has the
default IP 10.130.1.1
Open a browser in the laptop and type
http://10.130.1.1/cgi-bin/luci/admin
User will see the login interface of LG01N.
The account for Web Login is:
User Name: root
Password: dragino
Notice: In case the WiFi network is disabled, user can connect the PC to LG01N’s LAN
port, the PC will get DHCP from LG01N, and be able to access it.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 12 / 59
3. Typical Network Setup
3.1 Overview
LG01N supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the
typical network topology can be set in LG01N. The typical network set up includes:
WAN Port Internet Mode
WiFi Client Mode
WiFi AP Mode
USB Dial Up Mode
3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet
By default, the LG01N set to use WAN port as network connection. When connect LG01N’s WAN
port to router, LG01N will get IP from router and have internet access. The network status is as
below:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 13 / 59
3.3 Access Internet as a WiFi Client.
In the WiFi Client Mode, Dragino acts as a WiFi client and gets IP from uplink router via WiFi.
The step to set is as below:
Step1:
In network -> Wireless, select Radio0 interface and scan.
Step2:
Select the wireless AP and join:
Step3:
In network->wireless page, disable WiFi AP network. Notice: After doing that, you will lose
connection if your computer connects to the LG01N via LG01N’s wifi network.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 14 / 59
(Note:make sure click the Save & Apply after configure)
After successful associate, the WiFi network interface can be seen in the same page:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 15 / 59
3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access
For the LG01N with built-in 4G version, user can configure the modem for internet access.
Step 1: Add New Interface
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 16 / 59
Step 2: Configure cellular interface
Step 3: Check Result
Note: In case you don’t know if your device has 4G modem, you can run lsusb command in SSH
access to check, as below:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 17 / 59
3.5 Check Internet connection
User can use the diagnostics page to check and analyze Internet connection.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 18 / 59
4. Example 1: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway – Limited LoRaWAN mode
LG02 has two LoRa channels and can be configured as a Dual Channel LoRaWAN gateway. LG02 is
pre-configured to support one uplink channel and one downlink channel in the LoRaWAN mode.
This mode works as below diagram:
This chapter describes how to use LG01N to work with TTN LoRaWAN Server. The method to
work with other LoRaWAN Server is similar.
4.1 Create a gateway in TTN Server
Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
Every LG01N has a unique gateway id. The id can be found at LoRaWAN page:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 19 / 59
The gateway id is: a840411b6fc44150
Step 2: Sign up an user account in TTN server
Step 3: Create a Gateway in TTN
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 20 / 59
After create the gateway, we can see the gateway info, as below, the Status shows “not
connected” because the LG01N doesn’t configure to send update status yet.
4.2 Configure LG01N Gateway
4.2.1 Configure to connect to LoRaWAN server
We should configure the LG01N now to let it connect to TTN network. Make sure your LG01N has
Internet Connection first.
Step1: Configure LG01N to act as raw forwarder mode
A8 40 41 1b 6f c4 41 50
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 21 / 59
Step2: Input server info and gateway id
Choose the correct the server address and gateway ID.
Check Result
After above settings, the LG01N should be able to connect to TTN, below is the result seen from
TTN:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 22 / 59
4.2.2 Configure LG01’s Radio frequency
Now we should configure LG01N‘s radio parameter to receive the LoRaWAN packets. we
configure is to use 868.1Mhz (868100000 Hz) as below.
4.3 Create LoRa End Node
4.3.1 About Limited support for LoRaWAN
LG01N supports LoRaWAN End Node, in LoRaWAN protocol, it requires LoRaWAN node to send
data in a hopping frequency. Since LG01N only support one single frequency, it will only be able
to receive the packet which is of the same radio parameters in LG01N.
For example, in EU868, a standard LoRaWAN device may send the data in eight frequencies with
different Frequency & SF, such as:
LMIC_setupChannel(0, 868100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(1, 868300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7B), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(2, 868500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(3, 867100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(4, 867300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(5, 867500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(6, 867700000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(7, 867900000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band
LMIC_setupChannel(8, 868800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_FSK, DR_FSK), BAND_MILLI); // g2-band
So the LG01N will only able to receive the 868100000, SF7 packet and will not receive others.
Means only one packet will arrive the TTN server in every 8 packet sent from the LoRaWAN end
node.
If user want all the packets from LoRaWAN end device can arrive LoRaWAN server, user need to
set up the LoRaWAN node to send packet in a single frequency.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 23 / 59
In this section, we will use LoRa Shield and a modify LMIC Library to show how to configure
LoRaWAN end node and work in single frequency.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 24 / 59
4.3.2 Preparation
LoRaWAN End device Hardware:
Software Library for LoRaWAN End device:
Install this library https://github.com/dragino/arduino-lmic to the Arduino Library path. Before
compiling the End Device software, User needs to change the Frequency Band to use with LG02.
What user need to change is in the file arduino\libraries\arduino-lmic \src\lmic\config.h.
Changes are as below:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 25 / 59
4.3.3 Test with OTAA LoRa end node (LoRa Shield + UNO)
Step 1: Create an OTAA device in TTN server -- > Application page.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 26 / 59
Step 2: Input keys into Arduino Sketch.
The sketch for the LoRa Shield is in Arduino –IDE --> Examples -->LMIC_Arduino ttn-otaa
Choose Arduino UNO to upload the sketch to LoRa Shield and UNO
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 27 / 59
Step 3: Check Result for OTAA
Note: The LG02_DNWFREQ value in Arduno_LMIC/src/lmic/config.h should match downlink frequency from TTN.
TTN shows 868.1 here, So LG02_DNWFREQ should be 868100000
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 28 / 59
Step 4: Test Downlink
Schedule a Downlink message.
In TTN --> Application --> Device --> Data
Downlink message Send out from TTN after the
next uplink message arrive.
In TTN --> Gateway --> Traffic
Downlink message arrives gateway
In LG01N --> Service --> Logread
Downlink message arrives LoRa Shield
In Arduino IDE --> Serial Monitor
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 29 / 59
4.3.4 Test with ABP LoRa end node (LoRa Shield + UNO)
Step 1: Create an ABP device in TTN server -- > Application page. And change it to ABP mode.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 30 / 59
Step 2: Input keys into Arduino Sketch.
The sketch for the LoRa Shield is in Arduino –IDE --> Examples -->LMIC_Arduino ttn-abp
Choose Arduino UNO to upload the sketch to LoRa Shield and UNO
Make sure the Network
Session Key and App Session
Key are in MSB order
TTN LoRaWAN End Device page
Arduino Sketch ttn-abp
Input the keys from TTN
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 31 / 59
Step 3: Check Result for Uplink
Packet Arrive Gateway.
In page Service-->logread
Packet Arrive TTN.
In TTN --> Gateway --> Traffic
Packet Sent From LoRa Shield.
In Arduino IDE --> Serial Monitor
Packet Arrive TTN Device Page.
In TTN --> Application --> Device --> Data
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 32 / 59
Step 4: Test Downlink
Schedule a Downlink message.
In TTN --> Application --> Device --> Data
Downlink message Send out from TTN after the
next uplink message arrive.
In TTN --> Gateway --> Traffic
Downlink message arrives gateway
In LG01N --> Service --> Logread
Downlink message arrives LoRa Shield
In Arduino IDE --> Serial Monitor
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 33 / 59
5. Example 2: Control LoRa radio directly as general LoRa transceiver
The LG02 has two separate LoRa radio, user can use them as raw LoRa transceiver.
Step 1: Disable packet forward
With firmware higher than version LG02_LG08--build-v5.1.1545908833-20181227-1908, select
“Disabled” in IoT Service page.
Step 2: Use lg02_single_rx_tx to receive, for LG01N, the option [-d] is 2
Usage: lg02_single_rx_tx [-d radio_dev] select radio 1 or 2 (default:1)
[-t] set as tx
[-r] set as rx
[-f frequence] (default:868500000)
[-s spreadingFactor] (default: 7)
[-b bandwidth] default: 125k
[-w syncword] default: 52(0x34)reserver for lorawan
[-m message ] message to send
[-o filepath ] payload output to file
[-v] show version
[-h] show this help and exit Use Radio 1 to transmit:
Command:
root@dragino-1b6fb0:~# lg02_single_rx_tx -r -d 2 -f 915600000
Use radio to receive at frequency 9156000000
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 34 / 59
Then set up a LoRa node to send out LoRa packet, we use LoRa Shield + UNO in this example. The
library use in Arduino UNO is LoRa-Master. And the source code is LoRaReceiver.
Result screen shot:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 35 / 59
Step 3: Use lg02_single_rx_tx to transmit
Command:
root@dragino-1b6fb0:~# lg02_single_rx_tx -t -d 2 -f 915600000 –m “hello from dragino”
Use radio 2 to transmit a message at frequency 9156000000
Set up a LoRa node to send out LoRa packet, we use LoRa Shield + UNO in this example. The
library use in Arduino UNO is LoRa-Master. And the source code is LoRaSender.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 36 / 59
6. Example 3: MQTT Transfer Mode
6.1 What is MQTT API?
MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things" connectivity protocol. It was
designed as an extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging transport. It is useful for
connections with remote locations where a small code footprint is required and/or network
bandwidth is at a premium. For example, it has been used in sensors communicating to a broker
via satellite link, over occasional dial-up connections with healthcare providers, and in a range of
home automation and small device scenarios.
Most IoT server support MQTT connection, for those servers, we can use MQTT to connect it to
publish data or subscribe to a channel.
This example will show how to use LG01N to connect to the IoT Server via MQTT.
The server we use here is ThingSpeak. They have the MQTT API documented here. User can
register an account in ThingSpeak and configure IoT server. The parameters we need here are:
Account User ID: Can be found in “Account My Profile User ID”
MQTT API: Can be found in “Account My Profile User ID”
Channel ID: Which channel we want to publish data or subscribe.
Channel API: the write API key for this channel.
6.2 Step by Step Uplink Test
In this section, we will try to program LG01N to uplink data to ThingSpeak. The data flow in this
example is as below:
We will try the step ② first, after it work as expect, we will integrate it with step ① for a
complete uplink example.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 37 / 59
6.2.1 Simulate MQTT Publish via PC’s MQTT tool
This step is not necessary, it just to help user to understand the MQTT protocol and simulate the
MQTT connection to ThingSpeak. Make sure the account info is valid and correct.
In the PC, download and install MQTT.fx.
Open MQTT.fx and configure add a new MQTT client, as below:
Broker Address: mqtt.thingspeak.com
Broker Port: 1883
Client ID: User Defined.
After add the profile, connect it and publish to the corresponding Channel with correct API key.
And we can see the update in the channel:
Add a new MQTT
Client Profile
Input User ID and MQTT API
from ThingSpeak
AccountMy Profile
Replace Channel ID and
API here
Data to be sent, update
both field1 & field2 of this
channel
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 38 / 59
6.2.2 Try MQTT Publish with LG01N Linux command
This step is not necessary; it is to help user to the basic command LG01N use for MQTT
connection and will help for further debug when connection fails.
First, we need to make sure the LG01N has internet access. We can log in the SSH and ping an
Internet address and see if it get through. As below:
LG01N has built-in Linux tool mosquitto_pub. We can use this command to publish the data to
ThingSpeak.
The command to update a feed is as below:
mosquitto_pub -h mqtt.thingspeak.com -p 1883 -u dragino -P QZXTxxxxxxO2J -i
dragino_Client -t channels/200893/publish/B9Z0R25QNVEBKIFY -m
"field1=34&field2=89&status=MQTTPUBLISH"
(Make sure the “” is included, otherwise you only one data is upload)
Below is the output window:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 39 / 59
After running this command, we can see the data are updated to ThingSpeak, which has same
result as what we did at mqtt.fx
So we success to use LG01N to uplink data to ThingSpeak, the mosquitto_pub command is
executed in the Linux side, finally, we will have to call mosquitto_pub command while the LoRa
sensor data arrive. We will explain how to do that in next step.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 40 / 59
6.2.3 Test LG01N MQTT routine service.
Above process help us to understand how MQTT works in LG01N, now we can move further, try
to use the built-in MQTT routine.
Step1: Select MQTT Transfer mode
Step2: Configure MQTT parameter.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 41 / 59
Step3: Simulate channel data
The MQTT process will keep checking if there is data in the directory: /var/iot/channels. If there
is new data, the process will check if this data match the local channel ID. If match, the process
will update it to MQTT server.
For example:
In step 2, we have below settings:
UserName[-u option]: dragino1
Password[-P option]: 32W6GMEXYTEQ7049
Client_ID[-i]: dragino_Client
Because we choose Thingspeak so we have below pre-set options but not show in web
Broker Address[-h]: mqtt.thingspeak.com
Broker Port[-p]: 1883
Topic Format[-t]: channels/CHANNEL/publish/WRITE_API
Data String Format[-m]: DATA&status=MQTTPUBLISH
And we configure this channel:
Local Channel ID: 10009
Remote Channel ID: 396640
Write_api_key: P07KVY59P5QEY6M6
All above info are used to compose the mosquitto_pub which use to upload data to MQTT server.
To test; run this command:
echo "field1=34&field2=89" > /var/iot/channels/10009
This command will create a file name 10009 with the content field1=34&field2=89.
The MQTT process will detect this file and found it match the local channel setting. Then
composed the mosquitto_pub, most option is easy understood, except the –t and –m option.
The –t and –m option use a format to fit different server.
The convert method is:
[-t] Format: channels/CHANNEL/publish/WRITE_API
CHANNEL replace with Remote Channel ID: 396640
WRITE_API replace with Write_api_key: P07KVY59P5QEY6M6
So [–t] is: channels/396640/ publish/ P07KVY59P5QEY6M6
[-m] format: DATA&status=MQTTPUBLISH
DATA replace with the content “field1=34&field2=89”
So [-m] is : field1=34&field2=89&status=MQTTPUBLISH
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 42 / 59
So the LG01N will send out this command:
mosquitto_pub -h mqtt.thingspeak.com -p 1883 -u dragino1 -P 32W6GMEXYTEQ7049 -i
dragino_Client -t channels/396640/ publish/ P07KVY59P5QEY6M6 -m
"field1=34&field2=89&status=MQTTPUBLISH"
The output in logread –f is:
And see update:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 43 / 59
6.2.4 Configure LoRa End node
The target for us now is how to get the remote sensor data into /var/iot/channels/.
Configure the Radio channel with the match radio settings frequency as the LoRa End Node
Now the LG01N will listen on this LoRa channel. If the received data match the pre-define data
format, LG01N will store it in /var/iot/channels/ and the MQTT process can handle it for upload.
About uplink data format
The LoRa end node should upload the data with below format:
Uplink Format: <Channel_ID>data
For example, if we have configured 2 local channels 12345 and 34567.
And there are three LoRa End nodes sending: 12345,34567,78
The LG02 will accept the data from 12345 and 34567, it will ignore the data from Node 78
LoRa End Device reference source code: check this link.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 44 / 59
7. Example 4: TCP IP Client Mode
In the TCP IP Client mode, LG01N can accept LoRa packets and send it to the TCP-IP server. The
working topology is as below. In this mode, The Uplink LoRa packets should use a customized
format.
Step1: Select TCP-IP Client mode
Step2: Configure the Radio channel with the match radio settings frequency as the LoRa End
Node
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 45 / 59
Step3: Configure TCP Server Info
Note: Gateway may receive many LoRa packets, it will only transfer the packet with the same ID as specify in the
channel.
Step4: About uplink data format
The LoRa end node should upload the data with below format:
Uplink Format: <Channel_ID>data
For example, if we have configured 2 channels 12345 and 34567.
And there is are three LoRa End nodes sending: 12345,34567,78
The LG02 will accept the data from 12345 and 34567, it will ignore the data from Node 78
Case 1:
Node 12345 send <12345>field1=0.0&field2=1102.0
Node 34567 doesn’t send anything
The TCP/IP server will get {"12345":"field1=0.0&field2=1102.0"}
Case 2:
Node 12345 send <12345>field1=0.0&field2=1102.0
Node 34567 send <34567>temp=34
The TCP/IP server will get {“34567”:”temp=34”,"12345":"field1=0.0&field2=1102.0"}
LoRa End Device reference source code: check this link.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 46 / 59
8. Linux System
The LG01N bases on OpenWrt Linux System. It is open source, and user are free to configure and
modify the inside Linux settings.
8.1 SSH Access for Linux console
User can access to the Linux console via SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the LG01 is in the
same network, then use a SSH tool (such as putty) to access it. Below are screenshots:
IP address: IP address of LG01N
Port: 22
User Name: root
Password: dragino (default)
After log in, you will be in the Linux console and type command here.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 47 / 59
8.2 Edit and Transfer files
The LG01N support SCP protocol and has a built SFTP server. There are many ways to edit and
transfer files using these two protocols. One of the easiest is through WinSCP utility. After access
via WinSCP to the device, use can use a FTP alike window to drag / drop files to the LG01N or Edit
the files directly in the windows. Screenshot is as below:
8.3 File System
The LG01N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directory are in the RAM,
contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after reboot the device. Other directories are in
the flash and will keep after reboot.
Use cat /proc/mtd to see all blocks/partitions.
"u-boot" // for boot-loader
"firmware" // combination of kernel & rootfs
"kernel" // Linux kernel
"rootfs" // Linux rootfs
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 48 / 59
"rootfs_data" //inside rootfs, all data store here.
"config" // a separate partition doesn't include file system
"art" // radio data and board ID.
Use df command to see available flash & RAM:
tmpfs 30096 96 30000 0% /tmp // RAM: reset after reboot,
/dev/mtdblock4 8512 368 8144 4% /overlay //Flash: Remain after reboot
Reset to factory default:
mtd erase rootfs_data -r
Except /tmp and /var. all data will be store in flash. /tmp and /var are store in RAM
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 49 / 59
8.4 Package maintain system
LG01N uses OPKG package maintain system. There are more than 3000+ packages available in
our package server for user to install for their applications. For example, if user wants to add iperf
tool, they can install the related packages and configure LG01N to use iperf
Below is some examples opkgs command, more please refer OPKG package maintain system
In Linux Console run:
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg update // to get the latest packages list
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg list //shows the available packages
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg install iperf // install iperf, it will auto install the required
packages.
root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf
Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root...
Downloading http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk
Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root...
Downloading
http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk
Configuring uclibcxx.
Configuring iperf.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 50 / 59
9. Upgrade Linux Firmware
We keep improving the LG01N Linux side firmware for new features, bug fixes. The latest
firmware can be found on LG01N Firmware & release note
The file named as dragino-LG02_LG08----xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin is the upgrade Image.
There are different methods to upgrade, as below:
9.1 Upgrade via Web UI
Go to the page: Web --> System --> Back Up and flash firmware, Select the image and click Flash
Image, the image will be uploaded to the device and then click Process Update to upgrade.
System will auto boot to the new firmware after upgrade.
9.2 Upgrade via Linux console
SCP the firmware to the system /var directory and then run
root@OpenWrt:~# /sbin/sysupgrade -n /var/Your_Image
note: it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the flash
size.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 51 / 59
10. FAQ
10.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version LoRa part?
Different country has different rules for the ISM band for using the LoRa. Although the LoRa chip
can support a wide range of Frequency, we provide different version for best tune in the LoRa
part. That is why we provide different version of LoRa.
10.2 What is the frequency range of LG01N LoRa part?
The chip used in the LoRa part is:
Version
LoRa IC
Support Frequency
Best Tune Frequency
433
Semtech SX1278
Band2(LF): 410 ~525Mhz
Band3(LF): 137 ~175Mhz
433Mhz
868
Semtech SX1276
Band1(HF): 862 ~1020Mhz
868Mhz
915
Semtech SX1276
Band1(HF): 862 ~1020Mhz
915Mhz
User can set the LoRa within above frequency range in the software.
10.3 What does “Limited support on LoRaWAN”?
The base requirement to fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol requires the gateway support
8 channels. The LG01N only support two channels and can only support limited LoRaWAN
protocol.
Because of this limitation, if user wants to use a standard LoRaWAN device with LG01N, user has
to modify this LoRaWAN node to run in single frequency to work with LG01N.
For example, in EU868 frequency plan, a standard LoRaWAN node will send the LoRa packet in
hoping frequency (normally in 8 different frequencies). So a full compatible LoRaWAN gateway
will be able to receive all packets while LG01N will miss 7 packets (according to the current
software design, only one rx channel support).
So LG01N is not recommended for high density LoRa deployment or the LoRa Node can’t be
configured to run in single frequency.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 52 / 59
10.4 Can I develop my own software for LG01N?
Yes, the fastest way to develop own software is through the SDK. The instruction is here:
https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06/blob/master/README.md#how-to-develop-a-c
-software-before-build-the-image
10.5 Can I make my own firmware for LG01N? Where can I find the source code
of LG01N?
Yes, User can make own firmware for LG01N for branding purpose or add customized application.
The LG01N source code and compile instruction can be found at:
https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06
10.6 On OTAA mode, if I use the other frequency, how should I modify in the
library?
In page OTAA, We use frequency 904.6Mhz for sending. According the LoRaWAN protocol, if the
device Join the network successfully, the server will downlink the reply. The different intervals of
frequency, the receiving frequency of the end node is also different.
Ex1: We use 914.2Mhz frequency.
We can input the command: logread -f
We should modify this on <lorabase.h>, save and re-upload the sketch.
For the result:
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 53 / 59
Ex2: We use 903.0Mhz frequency
We can input the command: logread -f
We should modify this on <lorabase.h>, save and re-upload the sketch.
For the result:
10.7 How can I reset the device to factory default?
User can reset the device to factory default in different ways:
Method 1:
Reset via Web UI. Click the button in Web UI --> System --> Back up / Flash firmware
--> Perform Reset
Method 2:
Reset in Linux console, command is below:
root@dragino-1b8288:~# firstboot
This will erase all settings and remove any installed packages. Are you sure?
[N/y]
y
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 54 / 59
/dev/mtdblock4 is mounted as /overlay, only erasing files
root@dragino-1b8288:~# reboot
10.8 More FAQs about general LoRa questions
We keep updating more FAQs in our WiKi about some general questions. The link is here:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRa_Questions
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 55 / 59
11. Trouble Shooting
11.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix?
In some case, when install package, it will generate kernel error such as below:
root@dragino-16c538:~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root...
Collected errors:
* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for
kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
* kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
In this case, user can use the –force-depends option to install such package.
opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk --force-depends
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 56 / 59
11.2 How to recover the LG01N if firmware crash
LG01N provides user a full control on its Linux system, it is possible that the device will brick and
can’t boot after improper modification in some booting files.
In this case, user can recover the whole Linux system by uploading a new firmware via Web
Failsafe mode.
Procedure is as below:
1. Use a RJ45 cable to connect the PC to LG01N’s LAN port directly.
2. Set the PC to ip 192.168.255.x, netmask 255.255.255.0
3. Pressing the toggle button and power on the device
4. All LEDs of the device will blink, release the toggle button after four blinks
5. All LEDs will then blink very fast once, this means device detect a network connection and
enter into the web-failsafe mode. Your PC should be able to ping 192.168.255.1 after device
enter this mode.
6. Open 192.168.255.1 in web broswer
7. Select a squashfs-sysupgrade type firmware and update firmware.
Note: If user sees all LEDs blink very fast in Step 5. This means the network connection is
established. If in this case, PC still not able to see the web page, user can check:
Try different browser.
Check if your PC is in 192.168.255.x
Check if you have connected two RJ45 cable to device, If so, remove the unused one
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 57 / 59
11.3 I configured LG01N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now?
The LG01 has a fall-back ip in its LAN port. This IP is always enabled so user can use fall back ip to
access LG01N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back ip is useful for connect and debug the
unit.
(Note: fallback ip can be disabled in the LAN and DHCP page)
Steps to connect via fall back IP:
1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to LG01’s LAN port
2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and netmask: 255.255.255.252
As below photo:
3. In PC, use 172.31.255.254 to access LG01 via Web or Console.
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 58 / 59
12. Order Info
PART: LG01N-XXX-YYY:
XXX: Frequency Band
433: LoRa Gateway best tune to 433 MHz.
868: LoRa Gateway best tuned to 868 MHz.
915: LoRa Gateway best tuned to 915 MHz
YYY: 4G Cellular Option
EC25-E: EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
EC25-A: North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
EC25-AU: Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
EC25-J: Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
More info about valid bands, please see EC25-E product page.
13. Packing Info
Package Includes:
LG01N or OLG01N LoRa Gateway x 1
Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 433 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the
model ordered
Power Adapter: EU/AU/US type power adapter depends on country to be used
Packaging with environmental protection paper box
Dimension and weight:
Device Size: 12 x 8.5 x 3 cm
Device Weight: 150g
Package Size / pcs : 21.5 x 10 x 5 cm
Weight / pcs : 360g
Carton dimension: 45 x 31 x 34 cm. 36pcs per carton
Weight / carton : 12.5 kg
14. Support
Try to see if your questions already answered in the wiki.
Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different
timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon
as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately
describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
support@dragino.com
www.dragino.com
LoRa Gateway User Manual ---Update:2018-12-28 59 / 59
15. Reference
Source code for LG01N LoRa Gateway
https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06
OpenWrt official Wiki
http://www.openwrt.org/
Download of this manual or Update version
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=UserManual/LG02_OLG02/
LMIC library for Arduino LoRaWAN end device use with LG01N.
https://github.com/dragino/arduino-lmic
Loading...