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LSN50 LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual
Document Version: 1.7.3
Image Version: v1.7.0
Version
Description
Date
1.0
Release
2018-Dec-4
1.1
Add steps of install STM320x; Add ST-Link Upload firmware method
2018-Dec-27
1.2
Add trouble shooting for UART upload, Add change log for firmware v1.4
2019-Jan-23
1.2.1
More detail description for 8 channel mode and trouble shooting for using in
US915/AU915
2019-Feb-21
1.2.2
Modify trouble shooting for upload via Flashloader
2019-Mar-13
1.2.3
Add ISP Mode / Flash mode different/
Add working flow diagram (Chapter 2.1 how it works)
Add FAQ for how to configure the Keys
2019-Apr-1
1.5.0
Upgrade to v1.5 version firmware
Add ultrasonic sensor support and description.
Add downlink description
Change decoder for v1.5
Add working flow chart
Add Mydevices support
2019-Apr-19
1.5.1
Improve Interrupt feature, change interrupt example to use door sensor
1.5.2
Various minor text and format edits.
2019-Jun-10
1.6.0
Update to firmware v1.6 version, add 3ADC mode
2019-Aug-7
1.6.1
Trouble shooting for AT Command input
Add support for 3 * DS18B20 (MOD4)
2019-Sep-18
1.6.2
Add door sensor detail/ power, Add battery connector info
2019-Dec-13
1.6.3
Add firmware version 1.6.2 change log, Add support for HX711 Weight Sensor
2019-Dec-31
1.6.4
Add New AT Command for 1.6.3. Add LSN50 v2.0 Hardware info
2020-Jan-13
1.6.5
Add battery measure suggestion, Add ADC range, Add change log for v1.6.4
2020-May-19
1.6.6
Add MOD=6 (counting) for firmware version v1.6.5, Update description for
interrupt and 5v out, correction of digital input payload, change description for
MOD=2 and MOD=5.
2020-Jul-15
1.7.0
Upgrade manual for v1.7.0. See change log.
2020-Nov-6
1.7.1
Add working mode payload, Add illumination sensor
2020-Dec-5
1.7.2
Correct ADC payload position error for MOD1 and MOD2, Add boot mode
description, add VDD, +5v Out description.
2021-Jan-23
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1.7.3
Add Power on photo for LSN50v2, add jumper info.
Add New order option for Battery
LSn50 v2.1 hardware change log
2021-Mar-17
1. Introduction 4
1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node 4
1.2 Specifications 5
1.3 Features 6
1.4 Applications 6
1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch 7
1.5.1 Jumper JP2 8
1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 8
1.5.3 Reset Button 9
1.5.4 LED 9
1.6 Hardware Change log 9
1.7 Hole Option 10
2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware 11
2.1 How it works 11
2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 13
2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload 17
2.3.1 MOD=1 (Default Mode) 17
2.3.2 MOD=2 (Distance Mode) 18
2.3.3 MOD=3 (3 ADC + I2C) 22
2.3.4 MOD=4 (3 x DS18B20) 22
2.3.5 MOD=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) 23
2.3.6 MOD=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) 26
2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network 27
2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface 28
2.4.1 Battery Info 28
2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) 28
2.4.3 Digital Input 28
2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) 29
2.4.5 Digital Interrupt 31
2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) 34
2.4.7 Distance Reading 35
2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor 35
2.4.9 +5V Output 36
2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711 37
2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor 37
2.4.12 Working MOD 37
2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink 39
2.5.1 Common Commands: 39
2.5.2 Sensor related commands: 39
2.6 Show Data in Mydevices IoT Server 41
2.7 Firmware Change Log 44
2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor 44
2.9 Battery Analysis 45
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2.9.1 Battery Type 45
2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze 45
2.9.3 Battery Note 47
2.9.4 Replace the battery 47
3. Using the AT Commands 47
3.1 Access AT Commands 47
3.2 Common AT Command Sequence 49
3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) 49
3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) 49
4. Upload Firmware 50
4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port 50
4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 53
5. Developer Guide 55
6. FAQ 57
6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? 57
6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? 57
6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? 57
6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? 57
6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode 58
6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as
LG01/LG02? 60
6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? 61
7. Trouble Shooting 62
7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. 62
7.2 Why I can’t join TTN in US915 / AU915 bands? 62
7.3 AT Command input doesn’t work 63
8. Order Info 64
9. Packing Info 64
10. Support 65
11. References 65
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1. Introduction
1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node
LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for outdoor data logging and
powered by Li/SOCl2 battery for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed
to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps
users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It
is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.
It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges
at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high
interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional
wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities,
smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.
LSN50 uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the ultra-low-power STM32L072xx
microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0
crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a
32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192
Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an
extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.
LSN50 is an open source product, it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of
libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.
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1.2 Specifications
Micro Controller:
● STM32L072CZT6 MCU
● MCU: STM32L072CZT6
● Flash: 192KB
● RAM: 20KB
● EEPROM: 6KB
● Clock Speed: 32Mhz
Common DC Characteristics:
● Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~ 3.6v
● Operating Temperature: -40 ~ 85°C
● I/O pins: Refer to STM32L072 datasheet
LoRa Spec:
● Frequency Range,
○ Band 1 (HF): 862 ~ 1020 Mhz
or
○ Band 2 (LF): 410 ~ 528 Mhz
● 168 dB maximum link budget.
● +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.
● +14 dBm high efficiency PA.
● Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.
● High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.
● Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.
● Excellent blocking immunity.
● Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.
● Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.
● FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.
● Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.
● Preamble detection.
● 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.
● Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.
● Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.
● LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification
Battery:
● Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery
● Capacity: 4000mAh
● Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C
● Max continuously current: 130mA
● Max boost current: 2A, 1 second
Power Consumption
● STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v
● LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm
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1.3 Features
● LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C
● STM32L072CZT6 MCU
● SX1276/78 Wireless Chip
● Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2
● MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE
● I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2
● 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC
● 20xDigital I/Os
● LoRa™ Modem
● Preamble detection
● Baud rate configurable
● CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865
● EU868/AS923/AU915
● Open-source hardware / software
● Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz
● IP66 Waterproof Enclosure
● Ultra-Low Power consumption
● AT Commands to change parameters
● 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use
1.4 Applications
● Smart Buildings & Home Automation
● Logistics and Supply Chain Management
● Smart Metering
● Smart Agriculture
● Smart Cities
● Smart Factory
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1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch
No.
Signal
Direction
Function
Remark
1
VDD (3v)
OUTPUT
VCC
Directly connect to main
power for board
2
PA0
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
Used as ADC in LSN50 image
3
PA1
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
4
PA2
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
Used as UART_TXD in LSN50
image
5
PA3
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
Used as UART_RXD in LSN50
image
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6
PB6
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
7 PB7
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
8
PB3
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
9
PB4
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
10
PA9
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
11
PA10
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip, 10k
pull up to VCC
12
GND Ground
13
VCC(2.9V)
OUTPUT
VCC
Directly connect to main
power for board
14
Jumper
Power on/off jumper
15
PA4
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
16
NRST
In
Reset MCU
17
PA12
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
18
PA11
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
19
PA14
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
20
PB13
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
21
PB12
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
22
PB15
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
23
PB14
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
24
PA13
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
25
PA8
In/Out
Directly from STM32 chip
Default use to turn on/off LED1
in LSN50 image
26
GND Ground
27
+5V
Out
5v output power
Controlled by PB5(Low to
Enable, High to Disable)
28
LED1
Controlled by PA8
Blink on transmit
29
BOOT
MODE/ SW1
Configure device in working
mode or ISP program mode
Flash: Normal Working mode
and send AT Commands
ISP: UART Program Mode
30
NRST
In
Reset MCU
1.5.1 Jumper JP2
Power on Device when put this jumper.
1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1
1) ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware.
LED won't work. Firmware won’t run.
2) Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug
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1.5.3 Reset Button
Press to reboot the device.
1.5.4 LED
It will flash:
1) When boot the device in flash mode
2) Send an uplink packet
1.6 Hardware Change log
LSN50 v2.1:
1. Change R14 to 1M ohm
2. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20
connection.
3. Add ESD to each I/O
LSN50 v2.0:
➢ Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.
LSN50 v1.3:
➢ Add P-MOS to control 5V output
LSN50 v1.2:
➢ Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit
➢ Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST
➢ Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)
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1.7 Hole Option
The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options
provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:
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2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware
2.1 How it works
The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode
by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN
network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the
LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.
The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.7.0):
In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the
keys from the server, you can use AT Commands to set the keys in the LSN50.
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2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)
Following is an example for how to join the TTN LoRaWAN Network. Below is the network
structure; we use the LG308 as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
The LG308 is already set to connected to TTN network , so what we need to now is configure
the TTN server.
Step 1: Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.
Each LSN50 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:
Add APP EUI in the application
Add APP KEY and DEV EUI
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Step 2: Power on LSN50
Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.
For LSn50v2:
Step 3: The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload
messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
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2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload
LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This
section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to
different working modes.
For example:
AT+MOD=2 // will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure
distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.
NOTE:
1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923
frequency bands’ definition has maximum 11 bytes in DR0. Server sides will see NULL
payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.
2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.
3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.
2.3.1 MOD=1 (Default Mode)
In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.
Size(bytes
)
2 2 2
1 2 2
Value
BAT
Temperature
(DS18B20)
ADC
Digital in &
Digital
Interrupt
Temperature
(SHT20 or SHT31 or
Ultrasonic Sensor)
Humidity
(SHT20)
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2.3.2 MOD=2 (Distance Mode)
This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11
bytes. The 8th and 9th bytes is for the distance.
Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:
Size(bytes)
2 2 2 1 2
2
Value
BAT Temperature
(DS18B20)
ADC
Digital in &
Digital
Interrupt
Distance measure by:
1) LIDAR-Lite V3HP
Or
2) Ultrasonic Sensor
Reserved
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Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:
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For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:
Connection to TF-Mini plus LiDAR(UART version):
Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0
Size(bytes)
2 2 1 2 2
2
Value
BAT Temperature
(DS18B20)
Digital in &
Digital
Interrupt
ADC
Distance measure by:
1)TF-Mini plus
LiDAR
Or
2) TF-Luna LiDAR
Distance signal
strength
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Connection to TF-Luna LiDAR (UART version):
Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0
Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user
can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power
consumption.
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2.3.3 MOD=3 (3 ADC + I2C)
This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C
2.3.4 MOD=4 (3 x DS18B20)
This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1
Hardware connection is as below, (Note: R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k to
support DS18B20, Software set to AT+MOD=4)
Size(bytes)
2 2 2 1 2
2
1
Value
ADC1
(Pin PA0)
ADC2
(PA1)
ADC3
(PA4)
Digital in &
Digital
Interrupt
Temperature
(SHT20 or
SHT31)
Humidity
(SHT20 or
SHT31)
BAT
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This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:
2.3.5 MOD=5(Weight Measurement by HX711)
This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so
user no need to use extra LDO for connection.
Size(bytes)
2 2 2 1 2
2
Value
BAT
Temperature1
(DS18B20)
(PB3)
ADC
Digital in &
Digital
Interrupt
Temperature2
(DS18B20)
(PA9)
Temperature3
(DS18B20)
(PA10)
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Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:
a) Zero calibration. Don’t put anything on load cell and run AT+WEIGRE to calibrate to Zero
gram.
b) Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run
AT+WEIGAP to adjust the Calibration Factor.
For example:
AT+WEIGAP =403.0
Response: Weight is 401 g
Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.
Size(bytes)
2 2 2 1 2
2
Value
BAT
Temperature
(DS18B20)
ADC
Digital in & Digital
Interrupt
Weight
Reserved
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2.3.6 MOD=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5)
In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins
and sends the count on TDC time.
Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people
come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.
Note: LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value
increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to
avoid this happen.
Size(bytes)
2 2 2 1 4
Value
BAT
Temperature
(DS18B20)
ADC
Digital in
Count
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2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network
While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
The payload decoder function for TTN are here:
LSN50 TTN Payload Decoder:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/
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2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface
2.4.1 Battery Info
Check the battery voltage for LSN50.
Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20)
If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.
More DS18B20 can check the 3 DS18B20 mode
Connection
Example:
If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree
If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.
2.4.3 Digital Input
The digital input for pin PA12,
● When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.
● When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.
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2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC)
The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~3.3v, it use reference voltage from STM32. If
user need to measure a voltage >3.3v, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than
3.3v, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.
The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.
Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,
Example1: Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):
In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.
Steps:
1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.
2. Screw oil sensor’s two pins to PA0 and PB4.
The equipment circuit is as below:
1
0
~
7
0c
m
* Bouy on top, the oil sensor act as a 10K resistor.
* Bouy on bottom, it act as a 0ohm resistor,
To get the deep for the liquid, we can measure the
output resistance for oil sensor and calculate where
the bouy is so to calculate the height of oil.
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Solder a 10K Resistor between
PA0 and VCC
Connect oil sensor to PA0 and
PB4
PB4 will be set to low(0v) at
every sampling
ADC Pin
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According to above diagram:
(
So
is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v
The
4.5K ohm
Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~ 70cm.
The position of Bouy is
, from the bottom of Bouy
2.4.5 Digital Interrupt
Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a
trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.
Interrupt connection method:
Example to use with door sensor
(Requires firmware > 1.5.1)
The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire
magnetic contact switch used for detecting the
open/close status of doors or windows.
When the two pieces are close to each other, the
2 wire output will be short or open (depending
on the type), while if the two pieces are away
from each other, the 2 wire output will be the
opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt
interface to detect the status for the door or
window.
Below is the installation example:
Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as
follows:
● One pin to LSN50’s PB14 pin
● The other pin to LSN50’s VCC pin
Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each
other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed,
the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.
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Door sensors have two types: NC (Normal close) and NO (normal open). The
connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are
reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.
When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the
extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.
The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.
The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to
modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v --> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC -->
0v , door open) as the interrupt.
The command is:
AT+INTMOD=1 //(more info about INMOD please refer AT Command Manual. )
Below shows some screen captures in TTN:
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In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN decoder
is as below:
door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";
Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3 (produced before 2018-Nov).
In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it
should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this
hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.
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2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20)
The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C
device and get the sensor data.
We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20
Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with
AT+MOD=1 (default value).
Below is the connection to SHT20.
The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.
Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.
Example:
Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;
Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%
If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.
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2.4.7 Distance Reading
Refer Ultrasonic Sensor section.
2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor
The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208
from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link:
https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather__proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208
The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy
will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe
and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.
The picture below shows the connection:
Connect to the LSN50 and run AT+MOD=2 to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).
The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8th and 9th byte for the measurement value.
Example:
Distance: Read:0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm
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You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:
In TTN server:
2.4.9 +5V Output
Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be
valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the
+5v after all sampling.
Since firmware v1.6.3, The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.
AT+5VT=1000
Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms +
sampling time for other sensors.
By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to
get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this
sensor.
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2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711
Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.
2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor
Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8th and
9th bytes.
2.4.12 Working MOD
The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7th Byte).
User can use the 3rd ~ 7th bit of this byte to see the working mod:
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Case 7th Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:
➢ 0: MOD1
➢ 1: MOD2
➢ 2: MOD3
➢ 3: MOD4
➢ 4:MOD5
➢ 5:MOD6
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2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink
User can configure LSN50 via AT Commands or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands
There are two kinds of Commands:
✓ Common Commands: They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink
interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it
supports:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Com
mands
✓ Sensor Related Commands: These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see
these commands below:
2.5.1 Common Commands:
They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset
device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Command
s
2.5.2 Sensor related commands:
Set work mode:
➢ AT Command:
AT+MOD=2 // Set work MOD =2. (1:IIC mode,2:Distance mode,3:3ADC mode,
4:3DS18B20 mode,5:weight mode)
AT+MOD=? // Get current work MOD
➢ Downlink Payload:
0x0A aa // Same as AT+MOD=aa
Set the trigger interrupt mode:
➢ AT Command:
AT+INTMOD=2 // Set INTMOD =2. (0:Disable,1:falling or rising,2:falling,3:rising)
AT+INTMOD=? // Get current INTMOD
➢ Downlink Payload:
0x06 000003 // Set AT+INTMOD=3
Set the 5V power open time during sampling:
➢ AT Command:
AT+5VT=1000 // Set 5v open time to 1000ms
AT+5VT=? // Check current 5v open duration
➢ Downlink Payload:
0x07 aa bb // Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)
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Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)
➢ AT Command:
AT+WEIGRE // Set the weight to 0g
➢ Downlink Payload:
0x08 01 // Set the weight to 0g
Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement
➢ AT Command:
AT+WEIGAP=403.0 // Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)
AT+WEIGAP=? // Get current GAP Value
➢ Downlink Payload:
0x08 02 aa bb // Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10
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2.6 Show Data in Mydevices IoT Server
Mydevices provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data
in TTN, we can use Mydevices to connect to TTN and see the data in Mydevices. Below are
the steps:
Step 1: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at
this time.
Step 2: To configure the Application to forward data to Mydevices you will need to add
integration. To add the Mydevices integration, perform the following steps:
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Step 3: Create an account or log in Mydevices.
Step 4: Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.
Use the LSN50 v1.6+ for the firmware version > v1.6 under LoRa --> The things network
After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices.
Example for AT+MOD=1 plus SHT20 + DS18B20 sensor:
MOD=2
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MOD=3.
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2.7 Firmware Change Log
* Firmware download link
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/
* Firmware Change Log:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/
2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor
User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor. Note:
1) VDD is 2.5~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power
external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50
uA) to get a long battery life.
2) +5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor
can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. See here for more info.
Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of
sensor.
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2.9 Battery Analysis
2.9.1 Battery Type
The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super
Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per
year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.
The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.
The battery related documents as below:
● Battery Dimension,
● Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet, Tech Spec
● Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet, Tech Spec
2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze
When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor
working. User can remove the ON/OFF Jumper of LSN50, and connect a multimeter
between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system
power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit
multimeter is required to measure this level of current.
A victor VC86E is recommended.
In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power
consumption includes:
1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~ 5uA
JST-XH-2P
connector
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2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor
● Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA
● DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA
● Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.
3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power
can be found in the LoRa calculator tool.
In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:
In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different
energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:
1) Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway
2) Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway
Low Power Case:
● Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm
● Transmit interval: 15 minutes.
● Payload: 8 Bytes.
High Power Case:
● Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm
● Transmit interval: 15 minutes.
● Payload: 8 Bytes.
To simplify the calculation, we can:
● Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to 751ms@8.64ma
● Combine the two RX windows together.
There is a power consumption tool for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.
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Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.
2.9.3 Battery Note
The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to
use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for
use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the
battery life may be decreased.
2.9.4 Replace the battery
You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the
output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery
and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1
and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main
board.
The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find
this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case.
The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
3. Using the AT Commands
3.1 Access AT Commands
LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to
connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.
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LSN50 v1 UART connection photo
LSN50 v2 UART connection photo
In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to 9600 to access the serial console for LSN50.
LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:
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3.2 Common AT Command Sequence
3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308)
If device has not joined network via OTAA:
AT+FDR
AT+NJM=0
ATZ
If device already joined network:
AT+NJM=0
ATZ
3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02)
See Sect 6.7
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4. Upload Firmware
Notes:
- Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn’t
show version info, you may have a very old image version.
- Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.
If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will
be kept after running AT+FDR.
Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.
4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port
The LSN50’s AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection
for upgrade firmware is as below:
Step1: Download flash loader.
Step2: Download the LSN50 Image files.
Step3: Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update
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Board detected
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Step4: Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.
The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.
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4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2
You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade
firmware is as below:
Connection:
● ST-LINK v2 GND <--> LSN50 GND
● ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <--> LSN50 PA14
● ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <--> LSN50 PA13
● ST-LINK v2 RST <-->LSN50 NRST.
Step1: Install ST-LINK driver first and then install ST-LINK Utility
Step2: Download the LSN50 Image files.
Step3: Open ST-LINK utility, file --> open file to select the image to be upgraded.
Step4: Click the “Program Verify” button on ST-LINK.
Step5: The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a
download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.
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NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can’t establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap
SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.
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5. Developer Guide
Software Source Code Download Link.
(https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN)
Hardware Source Code Download Link
(https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50)
LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized
applications. User can get the source code from:
➢ Software Source Code:
https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN
➢ Hardware Design files:
https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50
➢ Compile instruction:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Compile_Instruction_--_STM32
Use Keil to open project file:
STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDKARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx
In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.
1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.
For example, change EU868 to US915
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2. Compile and build
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6. FAQ
6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version?
Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip
can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for
best tune of the LoRa hardware part.
6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part?
Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working
frequency and recommend bands for each model.
Version
LoRa IC
Working Frequency
Best Tune
Frequency
Recommend Bands
433
SX1278
Band2(LF): 410 ~525 Mhz
433Mhz
CN470/EU433
868
SX1276
Band1(HF):862~1020 Mhz
868Mhz
EU868
915
SX1276
Band1(HF):862 ~1020 Mhz
915Mhz
AS923/AU915/
KR920/US915
6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?
You can follow the instructions for how to upgrade image.
When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.
6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol?
The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in
LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and
we do not provide further software development support on this topic.
In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of
them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa
Shield will print it to the console.
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LoRa Shield + UNO:
Use the LoRa Library and upload the LoRa_Receive Sketch to Arduino.
Refs:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino
Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the
frequency 868.3Mhz by default.
LSN50:
Use the <LoRa RAW code> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\
Lora.uvprojx
Compile it and Upload it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.
In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.
6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode
By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many
gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is
long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command.
The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
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For example, in US915 band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will
use all channels (0~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use
these all channels (0~71) to send uplink packets.
CHE
US915 Uplink Channels(125KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
0
ENABLE Channel 0-63
1
902.3
902.5
902.7
902.9
903.1
903.3
903.5
903.7
Channel 0-7
2
903.9
904.1
904.3
904.5
904.7
904.9
905.1
905.3
Channel 8-15
3
905.5
905.7
905.9
906.1
906.3
906.5
906.7
906.9
Channel 16-23
4
907.1
907.3
907.5
907.7
907.9
908.1
908.3
908.5
Channel 24-31
5
908.7
908.9
909.1
909.3
909.5
909.7
909.9
910.1
Channel 32-39
6
910.3
910.5
910.7
910.9
911.1
911.3
911.5
911.7
Channel 40-47
7
911.9
912.1
912.3
912.5
912.7
912.9
913.1
913.3
Channel 48-55
8
913.5
913.7
913.9
914.1
914.3
914.5
914.7
914.9
Channel 56-63
Channels(500KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
903
904.6
906.2
907.8
909.4
911
912.6
914.2
Channel 64-71
When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
● 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
● 904.6 - SF8BW500
Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to
Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the
AT commands and run:
AT+CHE=2
ATZ
to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 6471 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
The AU915 band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
CHE
AU915 Uplink Channels(125KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
0
ENABLE Channel 0-63
1
915.2
915.4
915.6
915.8
916
916.2
916.4
916.6
Channel 0-7
2
916.8
917
917.2
917.4
917.6
917.8
918
918.2
Channel 8-15
3
918.4
918.6
918.8
919
919.2
919.4
919.6
919.8
Channel 16-23
4
920
920.2
920.4
920.6
920.8
921
921.2
921.4
Channel 24-31
5
921.6
921.8
922
922.2
922.4
922.6
922.8
923
Channel 32-39
6
923.2
923.4
923.6
923.8
924
924.2
924.4
924.6
Channel 40-47
7
924.8
925
925.2
925.4
925.6
925.8
926
926.2
Channel 48-55
8
926.4
926.6
926.8
927
927.2
927.4
927.6
927.8
Channel 56-63
Channels(500KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
915.9
917.5
919.1
920.7
922.3
923.9
925.5
927.1
Channel 64-71
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6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as
LG01/LG02?
In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one
frequency.
Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.
Step1: Log in TTN, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key
(NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.
Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN. You can
change them either in TTN or in the Device to make them match. In TTN, NETSKEY and
APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN.
You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN by using the The Things Network CLI.
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Step2: Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode.
Below are the AT commands:
AT+FDR Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve
AT+NJM=0 Set to ABP mode
AT+ADR=0 Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off
AT+DR=5 Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)
AT+TDC=300000 Set transmit interval to 5 minutes
AT+CHS=868400000 Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz
AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1 Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1
ATZ Reset MCU
As shown below:
6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50?
The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn’t have pre-configured keys.
It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys.
Refer upgrade_image to update the firmware to the latest version.
Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer AT Command manual.
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7. Trouble Shooting
7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware.
Issue: While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several
times but most of times it fails.
Checklist:
1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.
2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash
switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in
different position. c) check if reset button works.
3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7
compatibility mode.
4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC
USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a
reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the
USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.
7.2 Why I can’t join TTN in US915 / AU915 bands?
It is due to channel mapping. Please see the Eight Channel Mode section above for details.
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7.3 AT Command input doesn’t work
In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check
if you already include the ENTER while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t
send ENTER while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
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8. Order Info
Part Number: LSN50-XX-YY or LSN50-v2-XX-YY-ZZ
XX: The default frequency band
● AS923: LoRaWAN AS923 band
● AU915: LoRaWAN AU915 band
● EU433: LoRaWAN EU433 band
● EU868: LoRaWAN EU868 band
● KR920: LoRaWAN KR920 band
● US915: LoRaWAN US915 band
● IN865: LoRaWAN IN865 band
● CN470: LoRaWAN CN470 band
YY: Hole Option
● 12: With M12 waterproof cable hole
● 16: With M16 waterproof cable hole
● 20: With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn’t have this version)
● NH: No Hole
ZZ: Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)
● 4: with 4000mAh battery
● 8: with 8500mAg battery
9. Packing Info
For LSN50:
Package Includes:
➢ LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1
Dimension and weight:
➢ Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm
➢ Device Weight: 137g
➢ Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm
➢ Weight / pcs : 160g
For LSN50 v2:
Package Includes:
➢ LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1
➢ External antenna x 1
➢ Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)
Dimension and weight:
➢ Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm
➢ Device Weight: 150g
➢ Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm
➢ Weight / pcs : 180g
www.dragino.com
LSN50 LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual 65 / 65
10. Support
● Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different
time zones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as
soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
● Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models,
accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
support@dragino.com
11. References
Product Page
(http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html)
Data Sheet
(http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/EN/&file=Datasheet_LoRaS
ensorNode.pdf)
Image Download
(https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex)
Mechanical Drawing:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/
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