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LLMS01 LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual 1 / 29
LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual
Document Version: 1.0
Image Version: v1.0
Version
Description
Date
1.0
Release
2021-May-10
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1. Introduction 4
1.1 What is LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor 4
1.2 Features 4
1.3 Probe Specification 5
1.4 Applications 5
1.5 Pin mapping and power on 5
2. Configure LLMS01 to connect to LoRaWAN network 6
2.1 How it works 6
2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 6
2.3 Uplink Payload 10
2.3.1 Battery Info 10
2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor 10
2.3.3 Leaf Moisture 10
2.3.4 Leaf Temperature 10
2.3.5 Interrupt Pin 11
2.3.6 Message Type 11
2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network 11
2.4 Uplink Interval 11
2.5 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server 13
2.6 Installation 18
2.7 Frequency Plans 18
2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) 18
2.7.2 US902-928(US915) 18
2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) 19
2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) 19
2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) 19
2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) 20
2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) 20
2.8 LED Indicator 21
2.9 Firmware Change Log 21
3. Configure LLMS01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink 22
3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time 22
3.2 Set Interrupt Mode 23
3.3 Get Firmware Version Info 23
4. Battery & How to replace 24
4.1 Battery Type 24
4.2 Replace Battery 25
4.3 Power Consumption Analyze 25
4.3.1 Battery Note 26
4.3.2 Replace the battery 26
5. Use AT Command 27
5.1 Access AT Commands 27
6. FAQ 28
6.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region 28
7. Trouble Shooting 28
7.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work 28
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8. Order Info 28
9. Packing Info 28
10. Support 29
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1. Introduction
1.1 What is LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor
The Dragino LLMS01 is a LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor for IoT of Agriculture. It is
designed to measure the leaf moisture and temperature, so to send to the platform to
analyze the leaf status such as : watering, moisturizing, dew, frozen. The probe is IP67
waterproof.
LLMS01 detects leaf’s moisture and temperature use FDR method, it senses the dielectric
constant cause by liquid over the leaf surface, and cover the value to leaf moisture. The
probe is design in a leaf shape to best simulate the real leaf characterizes. The probe has as
density as 15 leaf vein lines per centimeter which make it can senses small drop and more
accuracy.
The LoRa wireless technology used in LLMS01 allows device to send data and reach
extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum
communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
LLMS01 is powered by 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery, it is designed for long term use up to 5
years.
Each LLMS01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these
keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
1.2 Features
LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
Ultra-low power consumption
Monitor Leaf moisture
Monitor Leaf temperature
Monitor Battery Level
Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865
AT Commands to change parameters
Uplink on periodically
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Downlink to change configure
IP66 Waterproof Enclosure
IP67 rate for the Sensor Probe
8500mAh Battery for long term use
1.3 Probe Specification
Leaf Moisture: percentage of water drop over total leaf surface
Range 0-100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: ±3%（0-50%）；±6%（>50%）
IP67 Protection
Length: 3.5 meters
Leaf Temperature:
Range -50℃～80℃
Resolution: 0.1℃
Accuracy: <±0.5℃(-10℃～70℃)，<±1.0℃ (others)
IP67 Protection
Length: 3.5 meters
1.4 Applications
Smart Agriculture
1.5 Pin mapping and power on
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2. Configure LLMS01 to connect to LoRaWAN network
2.1 How it works
The LLMS01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to
join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA
keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LLMS01. It will automatically join the
network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20
minutes.
In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the
keys from the server, you can use AT Commands to set the keys in the LLMS01.
2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)
Following is an example for how to join the TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network. Below is the network
structure; we use the LG308 as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
The LG308 is already set to connected to TTN network , so what we need to now is configure
the TTN server.
Step 1: Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LLMS01.
Each LLMS01 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:
Register the device
Add APP EUI and DEV EUI
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Add APP EUI in the application
Add APP KEY
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Step 2: Power on LLMS01
Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Switch must be in FLASH position).
Step 3: The LLMS01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to
upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
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2.3 Uplink Payload
LLMS01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format:
Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
2.3.1 Battery Info
Check the battery voltage for LLMS01.
Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor
This is optional, user can connect external DS18B20 sensor to the +3.3v, 1-wire and GND pin .
and this field will report temperature.
Example:
If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree
If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.
2.3.3 Leaf Moisture
Range: 0 ~ 100%
Example:
0x0015(H) = 21(D) = 21%
2.3.4 Leaf Temperature
Get Leaf Temperature
Example:
If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree
If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.
Size
(byte
s)
2 2 2 2 1 1 1
Value
BAT
Temperature
( Optional )
Leaf
Moisture
Leaf
Temperature
Digital Interrupt
(Optional)
Reserve
Message
Type
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2.3.5 Interrupt Pin
This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. Click here for the hardware
and software set up.
Example:
0x00: Normal uplink packet.
0x01: Interrupt Uplink Packet.
2.3.6 Message Type
For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.
Valid Message Type:
Message Type Code
Description
Payload
0x01
Normal Uplink
Normal Uplink Payload
0x02
Reply configures info
Configure Info Payload
2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network
While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
The payload decoder function for TTN is here:
LLMS01 TTN Payload Decoder:
https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LLMS01/Dec
oder/
2.4 Uplink Interval
The LLMS01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this
interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link:
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http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Comm
ands#Change_Uplink_Interval
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2.5 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server
DATACAKE provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data
in TTN, we can use DATACAKE to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are
the steps:
Step 1: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at
this time.
Step 2: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add
integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake.
Step 4: Create LLMS01 product.
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Step 5: add payload decode
Download Datacake decoder from:
https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LLMS01/Decoder/
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After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices.
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2.6 Installation
LLMS01 probe has two sides. The side without words are the sense side. Please be ware when
install the sensor.
2.7 Frequency Plans
The LLMS01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with
different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868)
Uplink:
868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
868.8 - FSK
Downlink:
Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
2.7.2 US902-928(US915)
Used in USA, Canada and South America. Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3
Regional document.
Sense Side
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To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end
node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1
from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
➢ Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and
switch to that sub-band
➢ Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA
Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470)
Used in China, Default use CHE=1
Uplink:
486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Downlink:
506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915)
Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.
To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end
node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1
from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
➢ Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and
switch to that sub-band
➢ Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA
Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)
Default Uplink channel:
923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
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923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
Additional Uplink Channel:
(OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
AS920~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore:
922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
AS923 ~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam:
923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
Downlink:
Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920)
Default channel:
922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Downlink:
Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865)
Uplink:
865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Downlink:
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Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
2.8 LED Indicator
The LLMS01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
➢ The sensor is detected when the device is turned on, and it will flash 4 times quickly when it
is detected.
➢ Blink once when device transmit a packet.
2.9 Firmware Change Log
Firmware download link:
http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LLMS01/Firmware/
Firmware Upgrade Method:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_
products#Introduction
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3. Configure LLMS01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink
Use can configure LLMS01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.
➢ AT Command Connection: See FAQ.
➢ LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server
There are two kinds of commands to configure LLMS01, they are:
➢ General Commands.
These commands are to configure:
✓ General system settings like: uplink interval.
✓ LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These
commands can be found on the wiki:
http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command
➢ Commands special design for LLMS01
These commands only valid for LLMS01, as below:
3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time
Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.
AT Command: AT+TDC
Command Example
Function
Response
AT+TDC=?
Show current transmit Interval
30000
OK
the interval is 30000ms = 30s
AT+TDC=60000
Set Transmit Interval
OK
Set transmit interval to 60000ms
= 60 seconds
Downlink Command: 0x01
Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to
0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
➢ Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E // Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
➢ Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C // Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
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3.2 Set Interrupt Mode
Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.
AT Command: AT+INTMOD
Command Example
Function
Response
AT+INTMOD=?
Show current interrupt mode
0
OK
the mode is 0 = No interruption
AT+INTMOD=2
Set Transmit Interval
0- (Disable Interrupt),
1- (Trigger by rising and falling
edge),
2- (Trigger by falling edge)
3- (Trigger by rising edge)
OK
Downlink Command: 0x06
Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.
This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge
trigger), and the type code is 06.
➢ Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 // Turn off interrupt mode
➢ Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 // Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
3.3 Get Firmware Version Info
Feature: use downlink to get firmware version.
Downlink Command: 0x26
Downlink Control Type
FPort
Type Code
Downlink payload size(bytes)
Get Firmware Version Info
Any
26
2
➢ Reply to the confirmation package: 26 01
➢ Reply to non-confirmed packet: 26 00
Device will send an uplink after got this downlink command. With below payload:
Configures info payload:
Software Type: Always 0x03 for LLMS01
Frequency Band:
*0x01: EU868
Size
(bytes)
1 1 1 1 1 5 1
Value
Software
Type
Frequency
Band
Sub-band
Firmware
Version
Sensor
Type
Reserve
Message
Type
Always 0x02
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*0x02: US915
*0x03: IN865
*0x04: AU915
*0x05: KZ865
*0x06: RU864
*0x07: AS923
*0x08: AS923-1
*0x09: AS923-2
*0xa0: AS923-3
Sub-Band: value 0x00 ~ 0x08
Firmware Version: 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
Sensor Type:
0x01: LSE01
0x02: LDDS75
0x03: LDDS20
0x04: LLMS01
0x05: LSPH01
0x06: LSNPK01
4. Battery & How to replace
4.1 Battery Type
LLMS01 is equipped with a 8500mAH ER26500 Li-SOCI2 battery. The battery is un-rechargeable
battery with low discharge rate targeting for 8~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly
used in IoT target for long-term running, such as water meter.
The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below
is the battery performance.
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Minimum Working Voltage for the LLMS01:
LLMS01: 2.45v ~ 3.6v
4.2 Replace Battery
Any battery with range 2.45 ~ 3.6v can be a replacement. We recommend to use Li-SOCl2 Battery.
And make sure the positive and negative pins match.
4.3 Power Consumption Analyze
Dragino Battery powered product are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an update battery
calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to
check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit interval.
Instruction to use as below:
Step 1: Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from:
https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/
Step 2: Open it and choose
➢ Product Model
➢ Uplink Interval
➢ Working Mode
And the Life expectation in difference case will be shown on the right.
The battery related documents as below:
● Battery Dimension,
● Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet, Tech Spec
● Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet, Tech Spec
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4.3.1 Battery Note
The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to
use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for
use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the
battery life may be decreased.
4.3.2 Replace the battery
You can change the battery in the LLMS01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the
output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery
and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1
and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main
board.
The default battery pack of LLMS01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can’t
find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most
case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5
minutes)
JST-XH-2P
connector
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5. Use AT Command
5.1 Access AT Commands
LLMS01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter
to connect to LLMS01 for using AT command, as below.
Connection:
USB TTL GND <----> GND
USB TTL TXD <----> UART_RXD
USB TTL RXD <----> UART_TXD
In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to 9600 to access the serial console for
LLMS01. LLMS01 will output system info once power on as below:
Valid AT Command please check Configure Device.
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6. FAQ
6.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region
You can follow the instructions for how to upgrade image.
When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.
7. Trouble Shooting
7.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work
In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check
if you already include the ENTER while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t
send ENTER while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
8. Order Info
Part Number: LLMS01-XX
XX: The default frequency band
● AS923: LoRaWAN AS923 band
● AU915: LoRaWAN AU915 band
● EU433: LoRaWAN EU433 band
● EU868: LoRaWAN EU868 band
● KR920: LoRaWAN KR920 band
● US915: LoRaWAN US915 band
● IN865: LoRaWAN IN865 band
● CN470: LoRaWAN CN470 band
9. Packing Info
Package Includes:
➢ LLMS01 LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor x 1
Dimension and weight:
➢ Device Size: cm
➢ Device Weight: g
➢ Package Size / pcs : cm
➢ Weight / pcs : g
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10. Support
● Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different
timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as
soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
● Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models,
accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
support@dragino.com
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