10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? .................................................... 44
10.2 How to recover the DLOS8 if the firmware crashes ............................................................. 44
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10.3 I configured DLOS8 for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? .................................. 45
11 Order Info ............................................................................................................................... 46
12 Packing Info ............................................................................................................................ 47
13 Support ................................................................................................................................... 47
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1 Introduction
1.1 What is the DLOS8
The DLOS8 is an open sourceoutdoor LoRaWAN Gateway. It lets you bridge LoRa wireless
network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular. The LoRa wireless allows users to
send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
The DLOS8 uses Semtech packet forwarder and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It
includes a SX1301 LoRaWAN concentrator, which provide 10 programmable parallel
demodulation paths.
DLOS8 has pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands to use for different countries.
User can also customized the frequency bands to use in their own LoRaWAN network.
DLOS8 can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System
integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN
server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
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1.2 Specifications
Hardware System:
Linux Part:
400Mhz ar9331 processor
64MB RAM
16MB Flash
Interface:
10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 2
WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
LoRaWAN Wireless
Power Input: 12 ~ 24 V DC, 1 A
IEEE 802.3 af compliant PoE port (DC 37 ~ 57 v)
USB 2.0 host connector x 1
Mini-PCI E connector x 1
SX1301 + 2 x SX1257
Up to -140 dBm sensitivity with SX1257 Tx/Rx front-end
70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
Quectel EC25 LTE module
Standard Size SIM Slot
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2 x 4G Sticker Antenna.
Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem
wireless communication systems
Power over Ethernet:
IEEE 802.3af compliant.
Support wide input voltage range 37Vdc to 57Vdc.
Thermal cut off.
Short circuit protection.
Over current protection
Isolation level 4 KVrms.
Enhanced surge protection
1.3 Features
Open Source OpenWrt system
Managed by Web GUI, SSH via LAN or WiFi
Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
Outdoor LoRaWAN Gateway
10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
LoRaWAN packet filtering
Far seeing LED indicator
Built-in GPS module for location & timing
External fiber glass antenna
802.3af PoE
IP65
Lighting Protection
Power Consumption:12v 300 ~500mA
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1.4 Hardware System Structure
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1.5 DLOS8 Applications
1.6 LED Indicators
There is a waterproof triple color LED on DLOS8 enclosure, the meaning of the LED is:
SOLID GREEN: DLOS8 is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
BLINKING GREEN: a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b)
Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and
then RED and YELLOW will blink together.
SOLID RED: Device doesn’t have Internet connection.
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2 Access and Configure DLOS8
The DLOS8 is configured as a WiFi Access Point by default. User can access and configure the
DLOS8 after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its Ethernet port.
2.1 Find IP address of DLOS8
2.1.1 Connect via WiFi
At the first boot of DLOS8, it will auto generate a WiFi network
called dragino-xxxxxx with password:
dragino+dragino
User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will
get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8 has the default IP
10.130.1.1
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2.1.2 Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router
Alternatively, connect the DLOS8 Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8 will obtain an IP
address from your router. In the router’s management portal, you should be able to find what IP
address the router has assigned to the DLOS8. You can also use this IP to connect.
2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router
If the DLOS8 already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to DLOS8.
2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip
The WAN port also has a fall back ip address for access if user doesn’t connect to uplink router.
Click here to see how to configure.
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2.2 Access Configure Web UI
Web Interface
Open a browser on the PC and type the DLOS8 ip address (depends on your connect method)
http://10.130.1.1/ (Access via WiFi AP network)
or
http://IP_ADDRESS or http:// IP_ADDRESS:8000
You will see the login interface of DLOS8 as shown below.
The account details for Web Login are:
User Name: root
Password: dragino
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3 Typical Network Setup
3.1 Overview
The DLOS8 supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the
typical network topology. The network set up includes:
WAN Port Internet Mode
WiFi Client Mode
WiFi AP Mode
Cellular Mode
3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet
By default, the DLOS8 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you
connect the DLOS8’s WAN port to an upstream router, DLOS8 will get an IP address from the
router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in
the home page:
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3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client.
In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via
WiFi.
The settings for WiFi Client is under page System WiFi WiFi WAN Client Settings
In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save &
Apply to connect.
3.4 Access the Internet via Cellular
If the DLOS8 support 3G/4G Cellular modem option, user can use it as main internet connection
or back up.
First, install the SIM card as below:
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The set up page is System Cellular
While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN
port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
3.5 Check Internet connection
In the Home page, we can check the Internet connection.
GREEN Tick : This interface has Internet connection.
Yellow Tick : This interface has IP address but don’t use it for internet connection.
RED Cross : This interface doesn’t connected.
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4 Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway
DLOS8 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder
to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8 to work with
TheThingsNetwork (TTN) LoRaWAN Server (www.thethingsnetwork.org)
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4.1 Create a gateway in TTN Server
Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
Every DLOS8 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
The example gateway id is: a840411b8268ffff
Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server
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Step 3: Create a Gateway
Click on the Gateways icon to open the page below:
Notice: The TTN router should match the Frequency Plan you choose, otherwise you will have
problem for End Node to join the network. If you don’t know which router you need to select,
After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
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4.2 Configure DLOS8 to connect to TTN
You can now configure the DLOS8 to let it connect to TTN network.
Make sure your DLOS8 has a working Internet Connection first.
Choose the right server provider and click Save&Apply
Note: The server address must match the router you choose in TTN.
In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
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In TTN portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
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4.3 Configure frequency
We also need to set the frequency plan in DLOS8 to match the LoRaWAN end node we use, so to
receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
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4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device
This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data
from TTN web site.
We use LT-22222-L IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will
be similar.
Step 1: Create a Device definition in TTN with the OTAA keys from the example LT-33222-L IO
Controller device.
Three codes are required to define the device in TTN:
DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN.
APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that
particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown
below.
Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the
device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands. Changing the
codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
For the TTN server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
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Select Add Application to open the screen below.
Note that there is an APP EUI already created by TTN, but this is not the one set in the device. To
add the APP EUI for the LT-22222-L device, select Manage EUIs and Add EUI, then enter the
required code.
Select Devices and Register Device to open the screen below.
Enter the Device EUI and APP KEY codes, then select the App EUI from the list.
Check that all three codes match those shown on the device label before saving the configuration.
Step 2: Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining
successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN. Select the Data tab and you will see the
data appearing in the panel.
Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN display.
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5 Web Configure Pages
5.1 Home
Shows the system running status.
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5.2 LoRa Settings
5.2.1 LoRa --> LoRa
This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to
LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
Different DLOS8 hardware version can support different frequency range:
868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the
page LogRead --> LoRa Log
Note *: See this instruction for how to customize frequency band:
The DLOS8 is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to
configure and modify the Linux settings.
7.1 SSH Access for Linux console
User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8 are
connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as putty in Windows) to access it.
IP address: IP address of DLOS8
Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
User Name: root
Password: dragino (default)
After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
The “logread -f” command can be used to debug how system runs.
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7.2 Edit and Transfer files
The DLOS8 supports the SCP protocol and has a built-in SFTP server. There are many ways to edit
and transfer files using these protocols.
In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the WinSCP utility.
After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag /
drop files to the DLOS8, or edit the files directly in the windows.
Screenshot is as below:
7.3 File System
The DLOS8 has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so
contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are
in the flash and will remain after reboot.
The Linux system uses around 8MB ~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for
user to store data in the DLOS8 flash.
You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
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7.4 Package maintenance system
DLOS8 uses the OpenWrt OPKG package maintenance system. There are more than 3000+
packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if
you want to add the iperf tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8 to use
iperf .
Below are some example opkg commands. For more information please refer to the OPKG
package maintain system (https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg)
In Linux Console run:
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg update // to get the latest packages list
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg list //shows the available packages
root@dragino-169d30:~# opkg install iperf // install iperf
The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.