Dolphin STM 431J User Manual

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

Patent protected:

WO98/36395, DE 100 25 561, DE 101 50 1 2 8, WO 2004/051591, DE 103 01 678 A1, DE 10309334, WO 04/109236, WO 05/096482, WO 02/095707, US 6,747,573, U S 7, 019,241

Observe precautions! Electrostatic sensitive devices!

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

REVISION HISTORY

The followi n g m ajor m o d ifications and i m provements have been made to t h e first version of this document:

No

Major Changes

1.0

Initial version

1.1.

Added Marking and STM 435J.

1.2.

Small editorial corrections.

1.3.

Added PCB drawing STM 431J and STM 435J. Added radio certificate.

1.4.

Corrected WHIP antenna length.

1.41.

Changed helical antenna drawing.

2.0

Update of revision with conso lidation and small corrections.

Published by EnOcean GmbH, Kolpingring 18a, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany www.enocean.com, info@enocean.com, phone ++49 (89) 6734 6890

Important!

This information describes the type of component and shall not be considered as assured characteristics. No responsibility is assumed for possible omissions or inaccuracies. Circuitry and specifications are subject to change without notice. For the latest product specifications, refer to the EnOcean website: http://www.enocean.com. As far as patents or other rights of third parties are concerned, liability is only assumed for modules, not for the described applications, processes and circuits. EnOcean does not assume responsibility for use of modules described and limits its liability to the replacement of modules determined to be defective due to workmanship. Devices or systems containing RF components must meet the essential r eq uirements of the loca l le gal authorities. The modules must not be used in any relation with equipment that supports, directly or indirectly, human health or life or with applications that can result in danger for people, animals or real value. Components of the modules are considered and should be disposed of as hazardous waste. Local government regulations ar e to be observed. Packing: Pleas e use the recycling operators known to you.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

TABLE OF CONTENT

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 4

1.1 Basic functionality ......................................................................................... 4

1.2 References ................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Technical data ............................................................................................... 6

1.4 Physical dimensions ....................................................................................... 6

1.5 Environmental conditions ............................................................................... 8

1.6 Ordering Information ..................................................................................... 9

2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 10

2.1 Simplified firmware flow chart and block diagram ............................................ 10

2.2 Pin out ....................................................................................................... 11

2.3 Pin description and operational characteristics ................................................. 12

2.3.1 GPIO supply voltage ................................................................................ 14

2.3.2 Analog and dig ital inputs .......................................................................... 14

2.3.3 Temperature sensor ................................................................................. 15

2.3.4 Programming Interface............................................................................. 15

2.4 Absolute maximum ratings (non operating) .................................................... 16

2.5 Maximum ratings (operating) ........................................................................ 16

2.6 Power management and voltage regulators .................................................... 16

2.7 Configuration .............................................................................................. 17

2.7.1 Configuration via pins – depreciated .......................................................... 17

2.8 Configuration via programming interface ........................................................ 18

2.8.1 EEP Configuration .................................................................................... 18

2.8.2 GP Configuration ..................................................................................... 19

2.8.3 Security Configuration .............................................................................. 19

2.9 Radio telegram ............................................................................................ 21

2.9.1 Normal operation – standard and enhanced security mode ........................... 21

2.9.2 Teach-in telegram - standard and enhanced security mode ........................... 21

2.10 Secure radio telegram - STM 431 J ........................................................... 21

2.10.1 Switching between modes ........................................................................ 21

2.10.2 Encrypted communication - Enhanced security mode ................................... 22

2.10.3 Security Teach-In - Enhanced security mode .............................................. 22

2.10.3.1 PSK Security Teach-in - Enhanced security mode - optional .................... 23

2.11 Transmit timing ...................................................................................... 23

2.12 Charging circuitry ................................................................................... 24

2.13 Energy consumption ............................................................................... 24

3 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ....................................................................... 26

3.1 Using the WAKE pins .................................................................................... 26

3.2 Temperature sensor ..................................................................................... 27

3.3 Set point control and occupancy button .......................................................... 27

3.4 Combination with humidity sensor module HSM 100 ........................................ 27

3.6 EEPROM Storage for the Rolling code ............................................................. 28

3.6.1 Included Information: .............................................................................. 28

3.6.2 QR-Code Specification .............................................................................. 28

3.7 Antenna layout ............................................................................................ 29

3.7.1 Whip antenna (STM 430J) ......................................................................... 29

3.7.2 Helical antenna (STM 431J) ...................................................................... 30

3.8 Mounting STM 431J into a housing ................................................................. 31

3.9 Transmission range ..................................................................................... 32

4 AGENCY CERTIFICATIONS ............................................................................ 33

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

5 Label Information ........................................................................................ 34

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 Basic functionality

The extremely power saving RF transmitter modules 43xJ of EnOcean are optimized fo r r ea lization of w ireless and maintenance free temperature sensors, or room operating panels including set point dial and occupancy button. They require only a minimum number of external components and provide an integrated and calibrated temperature sensor. Power supply is provided by a small solar cell, an extern al energ y harvester or an extern al 3 V backup battery. An energy storage element is installed in order t o bridge periods with no supply from the energy harvester. The module provides a user configurable cyclic wake up. After wake up , the inter nal mic rocontroll er reads t he statu s of the t emperatu re sens or and optional set point dial. A radi o telegram wi ll be transmi tted in case of a si gnificant chan ge of measured temperature or set point values or if the external occupancy button is pressed. In case of no relevant input change, a redundant retransmission signal is sent after a user configurable number of wake-ups to announce all current values. In addition to the cyclic wake-up, a wake up can be triggered externa lly using the input for the occupancy button or the internal LRN button. The firmware ca n be confi gured t o use differ ent EEP s / GPs according to the availability set point dial and occupancy button. STM 431J provides enhanced security features with encrypted communication.

Features with built-in firmware

 Pre-installed solar cell  On-board energy storage and charging circuit  On-board LRN button  On-board TX indicator LED  Calibrated internal temperature sensor  Input for external occupancy button and set point dial  Configurable wake-up and transmission cycle  Wake-up via Wake pins or LRN button  Support for humidity senso r module HSM 100  Enhanced Security communication

Features accessible via API

Using the Dolphin API library it is possible to write custom firmware for the module. The API provides:

 Integrated 16.384 MHz 8051 CPU with 64 kB FLASH and 4 kB SRAM  Integrated temperature sensor  Various power do wn and sleep modes down to typ. 100 nA current consumption  Up to 13 configurable I/Os  10 bit ADC, 8 bit DAC

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

1.2 References

[1] Security of EnOcean Radio Networks - http://www.enocean.com/en/security-

specification/

[2] Dolphin V4 Core Description -

http://www.enocean.com/dolphin-v4-core-

description/

[3] Dolphin V4 API -

http://www.enocean.com/en/enocean-software/

[4] AN509 Explanation of EnOcean security in applications -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[5] AN510 Adding Security to EnOcean Receivers -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[6] AN511 Advanced security in self-powered wireless applications -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[7] Microchip EEPROM Memory -

www.microchip.com/serialeeprom/

[8] Generic Profiles Specification -

http://www.enocean.com/en/knowledge-base/

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

1.3 Technical data

Antenna

Helix antenna (STM 43XJ)

Frequency

928.35MHz

Data rate/Modula tion type

125 kbps/FSK

Radiated Output Power

Typ. 0dBm

Power Supply @ VDD

Pre-installed solar cell

Illumination 50-100000 lux

2.1 V–5.0 V, 2.6 V needed for start-up

Initial operation time in darkness @ 25°C

typ. 4 days, min. 60 hours

if energy storage fully charged, wake-up every 100 s,

transmission of telegram every 1000 s on average

1

Operation start up time with empty energy store

typ. 2.5 min @ 400 lux / 25 °C

incandescent or fluorescent light

Input Channels

Internal: temperature sensor, LRN b utton

External: occupancy button, set poin t d ia l , HSM 100

Temperature se nsor

Measurement range 0-40 °C , resolution 0.16 K

Accuracy typ. ±0.5 K between 17 °C and 27 °C

typ. ±1 K between 0 °C and 40 °C

EnOcean Equipment Profiles

configurable EEPs: A5-02-05 (default), A5-10-05, A5-10-03

and with HSM 100: A5-04-01, A5-10-10, A5-10-12

Generic Profiles Profiles

Temp : 0 – 40 Celsius, with 8, 10, 12 ,16 bit resolution

More options available with source code change

Enhanced Securi t y features

CMAC (3 – 4 bytes) / RLC (2 – 3 bytes) / VAES

Connector

20 pins, grid 1.27 mm, □ 0.4 mm

Radio Regulations

ARIB STD-T108

Security Level Format

24-bit RLC, No RLC tx, 4-byte CMAC, VAES encryption

1.4 Physical dimensions

1

Full performance of the PAS614L energy storage is achieved after s ever al days of operation (up to two weeks) at good illumination level. Performance degr ades over life time, e spe c iall y if e nergy stor age is exposed to higher temperatures. Each 10 K drop in temperature doubles the expected life span.

PCB dimensions 43±0.2 x 16±0.3 x 1±0.1 mm

Module height

8 mm

Weight

4.5 g

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

PCB drawing STM 431 J

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

System Drawing STM 431 J

1.5 Environmental conditions

Operating tempera t ure -20 °C … +60 °C

Storage temperat ure -20 °C … +60 °C, recommended2: +10 °C…+30 °C, <60%r.h.

Shelf life (in absolute darkness) 36 months after deliv e r y3

Humidity 0% … 93% r.h., non-condensing

2

Recommended for maximum life of energy storage capacitor

3

Deep discharge of the PAS614L energy storage leads to degradation of performance. Therefore products have to be taken into operation after 36 months. At least the PAS614L needs to be recharged to 2.1 V.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

1.6 Ordering Information

Type

Ordering Code

STM 431J

S3061-D431

The module shall not be placed on conductive materials, to prevent discharge of

the internal energy storages3. Even materials such as conduct ive foam (ESD protection) may have negative impact.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1 Simplified firmware flow chart and block diagram

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.2 Pin out

The figure ab ove shows the pin out of the 431J modules. The pins are named acc ording to the naming of the Dolphin V4 core to simplify usage of the DOLPHIN API.

Energy

Store

LRN

LED

1

SET

GND

CW_1

CW_0

OCC

CP_1

CP_0

LRN

VDD

Whip antenna

UVDDext

RESET

BALUN

Presence Signal

(every 100th,

every 10th,

every cyclic wake

-

up

or SW defined)

Spontaneous

wake

-

up

Cyclic Wake

-

up

(every 1 s ,10 s , 100 s,

or SW defined)

A/D

Power management

Micro

Controller

RF Transmitter

928.35MHz

DOLPHIN V4

SWPWR

Energy

Storage

VCHAR

VGC

Solar Cell

LRN button

Transmit

Indicator

HSM

16.384MHz Oscillator

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.3 Pin description and operational characteristics

STM 43xJ Hardware Symbol

STM 43xJ Firmware Symbol

Function

Characteristics

GND

Ground connection

VDD

Supply voltage

2.1 V – 5.0 V; Start-up voltage: 2.6 V

Maximum ripple: see 2.6

Not available at pin header.

Supply for programming I/F

Recommended supply voltage for programming 3V

VCHAR

Charging input

Input for an external energy harvester or a battery. See 0.

Supply for pro-

gramming I/F if VDD cannot be

used.4

Recommended supply voltage for

programming 3.3V – 3.6 V

VGC

Voltage Gold Cap

Connection of additional external energy storage possible. See 0.

SWPWR

(= switched DVDD of Dolphin V4)

SWPWR

DVDD supply volt-

age regulator output switched via transistor controlled by Dolphin

V4 ADIO5 pin.

1.8 V. Output current: max. 5 mA.

Supply for externa l circuitry, available while not in deep sleep mode. SWPWR is switched on 0.25 ms before sampling of inputs and is switched off afterwards.

UVDDext

(=UVDD of Dolphin V4 with 1.8MΩ in series)

UVDDext

Ultra low power

supply voltage regulator output

Not for supply of external circuitry!

For use with WAKE pins only, see section

3.1. Limited to max. 1 µA output current by internal 1.8 MΩ resistor!

IOVDD (not

available at pin connec-

tor)

IOVDD

GPIO supply volt-

age

Internal connect io n t o Dolphin V4 DVDD

(typ. 1.8 V) See 0

RESET

Reset input Programming I/F

Active high reset (1.8 V) Fixed internal 10 kΩ pull-down.

PROG_EN

Programming I/F

HIGH: programming mode active

LOW: operating mode Digita l input, fixed internal 10 kΩ pull-

down.

ADIO0

SET

Analog input

For connection of an external set point dial. See 3.3

ADIO1

Not used

Internal pull-up; do not connect

ADIO2

Not used

Internal pull-up; do not connect

4

E.g. if module shall be programmed or configured via pin connector. If a bed of nails fixture for programming is available VD D should be used instead of VCHAR.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

ADIO3

HSM

Input for HSM 100

Internal pull-up; leave open or connect HSM 100

ADIO4

Not used

Internal pull-up; do not connect

ADIO6

Not used

Internal pull-up; do not connect

ADIO7

Programming I/F

Leave open

SCSEDIO0 SDA

EEPROM pin.

SDA – I2C pin

Programming I/F

SCLKDIO1 SCL

EEPROM pin.

SCL – I2C pin

Programming I/F

WSDADIO2

Programming I/F

RSDADIO3

Programming I/F

WAKE0

OCC

Wake input

Input for external o ccupancy button.

Change of logic state leads to wake-up and transmission of a telegram if correct EEP selected. Must be connected to UVDDext or GND! At time of delivery WAKE0 is connected to UVDDext via a jumper at the connector.

See also 2.9.2 and 3.1.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.3.1 GPIO supply voltage

The IOVDD pin of Dolphin V4 is in ternally connected to DVDD. For digital communication with other circuitry th er efore a voltag e o f 1 .8 V has to be used. While the modul e is in deep sleep mode th e microcontroller with all its peripherals is swi tched off and DVDD, IOVDD, and SWPWR are not supplied.

If DVDD=0 V and IOVDD is not supplied (e.g . while in sleep m ode), do not apply

voltage to ADIO0 to ADIO7 a

nd the pins of the serial interface (SCSEDIO0,

SCLKDIO1, WSDADIO2, RSDADIO3)

. This may lead to unpredictable malfunction

of the device.

For I/O pins configured as analog pins the IOVDD voltage level is not relevant! See

also 2.3.2.

2.3.2 Analog and digit a l in p ut s

Parameter

Conditions / Notes

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Analog Input Mode

Measurement range

Single ended

Internal reference RVDD/2

0 RVDD V

Interpreted as5

0x00

0xFF

Input coupling

DC

Input impedance

Single ended against GND @ 1 kHz

10

MΩ

Input capacitance

Single ended against

GND @ 1 kHz

10 pF

Parameter

Conditions / Notes

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Digital Input Mode

Input HIGH voltage

2/3

IOVDD

V

Input LOW voltage

1/3

V

5

For measurement of set point with external set point dial

IOVDD

ADIO0

ADIO1

ADIO2

ADIO3

ADIO4

ADIO5

ADIO6

ADIO7

SCSEDIO0

SCLKDIO1

WSDADIO2

RSDADIO3

If configured as digital I/O

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

IOVDD

Pull up resistor

@IOVDD=1.7 … 1.9 V

90

132

200

kΩ

2.3.3 Temperature sensor

Parameter

Conditions / Notes

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Measurement range

0

40

°C

Accuracy

17 - 27 °C 0 - 40

0.5 1

K K

2.3.4 Programming Interface

The positions of the pads needed for programming are shown in the layout below.

Number

Symbol

1

VDD

2

GND

3

PROG_EN

4

RESET

5

SCSEDIO0

6

SCLKDIO1

7

WSDADIO2

8

RSDADIO3

9

ADIO7

10

ADIO6

Only if in addition to programming I/F a serial inter-

face is nee ded

Top layer

If VDD is not accessible, e.g. because the module shall be programmed via the pin connector, please use VCHAR instead of VDD (see 0).

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.4 Absolute maximum ratings (non operating)

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Max

Units

VDD

Supply voltage at VDD

-0.5

5.5

V

VGC

Voltage gold cap

1.5

3.3

V

VCHAR

Supply voltage from external energy harvester

0 6 V

ICHAR

Supply current from external energy harvester

45

mA

GND

Ground connection

0 0 V

VINA

Voltage at every analog input pin

-0.5 2 V

VIND

Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input

-0.5

3.6

V

2.5 Maximum ratings (operating)

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Max

Units

VDD

Supply voltage at VDD and VDDLIM

2.1

5.0

V

VGC

Voltage gold cap

1.5

3.3

V

VCHAR

Supply voltage from external energy harvester

0 6 V

ICHAR

Supply current from external energy harvester

VCHAR<4 V

4 V<VCHAR<6 V

Limited

internally

45

mA

GND

Ground connection

0 0 V

VINA

Voltage at every analog input pin

0

2.0

V

VIND

Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input

0

3.6

V

2.6 Power management and voltage regulators

Symbol

Parameter

Conditions / Notes

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Voltage Regulators

VDDR

Ripple on VDD, where Min(VDD) > VON

50

mVpp

UVDD

Ultra Low Power supply

1.8 V

RVDD

RF supply

Internal signal only

1.7

1.8

1.9

V

DVDD

Digital supply

Internal signal only

1.7

1.8

1.9

V

Threshold Detector

VON

Turn on threshold

2.3

2.45

2.6

V

VOFF Turn off threshold

Automatic shutdown if VDD drops below VOFF

1.85

1.9

2.1

V

Threshold detector

STM 431J provide an internal ultra low power ON/OFF threshold detector. If VDD > VON, it turns on the ultra low power regulator (UVDD), the watchdog timer and the WAKE# pins circuitry. If VDD ≤ VOFF it initiates the automatic shut down of STM 431J. For details of this mechanism please refer to the Dolphin V4 Core Description documentation.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.7 Configuration

2.7.1 Configuration via pins – depreciated

Please consider that Configuration via PINs is not possible with STM 431J DB.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.8 Configuration via programming interface

Via the programming interface the configuration area can be modified. This provides a lot more configura t ion options. These settings are read aft e r R ESET or power-on reset only and not at every wake-up.

The interface is shown in the figure below:

EnOcean provides EOPX2 (EnOcean Programmer, a command line program) and Dolphin Suite (Windows application for chip configuration, programming, and testing) and the USB/SPI programmer device as part of the EDK 350 developer´s kit

In Dolphin Suite two configuration tabs for the STM 431J are available. The profile (GP / EEP) parameters and the module specific security parameters.

Based on Step code a newer version can be avaivable. In standard case the user only needs to change the profile parameters = communication

profile. All security parameters of STM 431J are initialized in production. The modu le specific pa-

rameters, key, PSK and RLC are also initialised during production to a random value. If the module is used with standard Firmware no additional configuration at the security parameters is required. However we provide the security configuration of the keys as option for developers.

2.8.1 EEP Configuration

Parameter

Configuration

via programming interface

Wake up cycle Value can be set from 1 s to 65534 s Redundant

Retransmission cycle

Min…Max values for random interval If Min=Max -> random switched off

Threshold valu es for Temperature, Set point

The values are: Temperature: default: 0. 5 K (raw value 3), unit is ~0.16

K, max 10 K (raw value 62). Set point Temperature: def a ult: 10 A/D digits. (max is

254) 255 – for any values – means ignore any change.

Edge of wake pin change causing a telegram transmission

Every change of a wake pin triggers a w a ke-up. For both wake pins it can be configured individua lly if a telegram shall be sent on rising, falling or both edges.

USB <=> SPI

interface

SPI

USB

Dolphin V4 Suite, or EOPX2

Reset

PROG_EN

ADIO7

SCSEDIO0

SCLKDIO1

WSDADIO2

RSDADIO3

STM

431J

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

Manufacturer ID and EEP (EnOcean Equipment Profile)

Information about manufacturer a nd type of device. This feature is needed f or “automatic” interoperability of sensors and actuator s or b us systems. Informa tion how to set these parameters requi res a n agreement with EnOcean. Unique manufacturer IDs are distributed by the EnOcean Alliance.

2.8.2 GP Configuration

Parameter

Configuration

via programming interface

Resolution of temper ature. The resolution of the temperature telegr a m.

2.8.3 Security Configuration

Parameter

Configuration

via programming interface

Secure mode Selection if telegr ams get additional ly encrypted or not.

Encryption is enabled when Enhanced Seecurity is selected.

Default: Standard Secu r ity ( not encrypted)

Mode Change Defines if switch between sta ndard and enhanced secu-

rity mode with long pr es s of LRN button is allowed or not. Default: Enabled.

External EEPROM Present Default is set to yes. If set to no, then th e module will

not store the RLC. T he Security level forma t m ust be specified not to use R L C, otherwise the RLC will restart after a power down.

Initialisation of e xternal EEPROM. One time option, mu st be performed at first sta rt up.

Default Yes.

SLF – Security Level Form at SLF (default=0x93):

Bit7..6: RLC_ALGO. Bit5: RLC_Tx. Bit4..3: MAC_ALGO. Bit2..0: DATA_ENC. 0x93: 24-bit RLC, No RLC tx, 4-byte CMAC, VAES en-

cryption

Please refer to the Se c urity specification for details on

the Security level format. Pre-shared key usage Default: disabled. Private Key AES 128 key which is used for data en c r yption.

Please refer to the Security specification for details on

the Security level format. Subkey 1 Subkey derivated from priva te k ey. Subkey 2 Subkey derivated from priva te k ey. Pre-shared Key Pre-shared key used for PSK protected teach in. Set initial RLC Initial value of the RLC.

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.9 Radio telegram

2.9.1 Normal operation – standard and enhanced security mode

In normal operation 431J transmit telegram data according to the selected EEP or GP. (EnOcean Equipment Profile). In case of STM 431J is in enhanced security mode this telegram is encrypted according the selected SLF. For details please refer to the EnOcean Equipment Profiles specification.

2.9.2 Teach-in telegram - standard and enhanced security mode

In case of a wake-up via WAKE1 pin (LRN input) the module transmits a teach-in telegram.

 If the manufacturer code is not set, th e module transm its a normal t elegram accordi ng

to 2.9.1 with the difference that DI_3=0.

 If a manufacturer code is set, this teach-in telegram contains special information as de-

scribed below.

With this special teach-in telegram it is possible to identify the manufacturer of a device and the function and type of a dev ice. The following EnOcean Equipment Profiles are supported by STM 431J. They have to be selected according to the availability of external occupancy button and set point control by the method described in 2.8:

 A5-02-05 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C (default)  A5-10-03 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C, set point control  A5-10-05 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C, set point, and occupancy control

If a HSM 100 module is plugged onto the connector in addition the following EEPs are supported:

 A5-04-01 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h.  A5-10-10 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h.,

set point control, and occupancy control

 A5-10-12 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h., set point control

For details please refer to the EnOcean Equipment Profiles specification. If Generic Profiles was selected then in teach-in mode Generic Profiles Teach-in request is

transmitted. Please refer to the Generic Profiles Specification for details [8].

2.10 Secure radio telegram

The STM 431J can be operated in:

 Standard mode – no enhanced security is used. This is the common operation mode,

originally available. This is also the default factory mode.

 Security mode – communication is protected by enhanced security features. This

mode was added later in module evolution.

2.10.1 Switching between modes

STM 431J can be switched from normal mode to secure mode and vice versa by long press of the LRN Button (Wake 1).

The behaviour of the LRN button is following:

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

1. Button is pressed – LED flashes briefly Teach-in is performed according to the actual mode.

2. Button is hold

a. If released in period < 10 seconds then actual mode is kept. No further ac-

tion.

b. If hold for at least 10 seconds then the actual mode is changed (standard ->

secure or secure -> standard). LED flashes briefly. Teach-in is performed according to the actual (new) mode.

3. Button is released – no action.

Upon entry into secure mode, a secure teach-in telegram is sent by STM 431J.

Mode change features can be suppressed by configuration flag. If flag set module

will not enter secure mode after long press, but stay in standard mode. By default mode change feature is enabled.

Before changing the operating mode please make sure to clear the device from all

receivers which have been taught to work with this device before. Otherwise the

receiver will ignore the telegrams and the application will not work.

The flag for actual mode itself is stored in non-volatile memory. After power down

reset the previous selected mode is active. Therefore mode change is limited to 50

times. In normal application scenario only very few are required.

The factory delivery mode of the STM 431J is standard – not encrypted. This mode is common mode originally available. Secure mode was added in later product upgrades.

The mode change feature can be suppressed by a configuration parameter. By default mode change is enabled. For details on configuration please see chapter 2.8.3

2.10.2 Encrypted communication - Enhanced security mode

In enhanced mode the data link content is always protected with advanced security features. Normal operation DL and also Teach-in DL are protected in the same way. The security features used are configured by the Security Level format - SLF. This parameter is set by default to the highest possible level:

 24-bit RLC,  No RLC tx,  4-byte CMAC,  VAES encryption

To change the SLF please refer to chapter 2.8.3. To add security features to the communication the Normal operation DL and Teach-in DL

are encapsulated into a secured telegram. The data content of the telegram is not changed. Please refer to the EnOcean Security Specification for details.

2.10.3 Security Teach-In - Enhanced security mode

To enable security co mmunication the STM 431J has to send a security teach-in telegram to the other communication partner and so inform him about the used security profile, keys and initial RLC. The security teach-in has to ta ke place before any other communication can

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

be executed (profile teach-in included). To trigger the transmission of the teach-in telegram WAKE1 pin (LRN input) is pressed. The security teach-in telegram is transmitted before the profile teach-in. The following profile teach-in telegram is already protected by advanced security features.

The process of sending security teach-in telegram and profile teach-in telegram is triggered by one pressing of the LRN button.

The behaviour of the LRN button in enhanced mode is fo llowing:

1. Button is pressed

2. Security teach-in is send.

3. Profile teach-in is send.

2.10.3.1 PSK Security Teach-in - Enhanced security mode - optional

The Security Teach-in telegram carries the information of KEY and RLC . This informa tion is either send plain text (as is) or it is protected by the pre-shared key - PSK. The PSK must be in printed on the transmitting device. To use PSK teach-in, the PSK must be read by the end-user and entered into the other communication partner. For this purpose the EnOcean radio interface cannot be used. The PSK can be entered trough an user interface or by semi-automatized by a code reader.

For details on the PSK Teach-in please refer to the EnOcean Security Speification. PSK feature is disabled by default. To enable PSK feature the execute configuration via pro-

gramming interface. See chapter 2.8.3 for details.

2.11 Transmit timing

The setup of the transmission timing allows avoiding possible collisions with data packages of other EnOcean transmitters as well as disturbances from the environment. Within each t ran smis sion c ycle, 3 id enti cal su bteleg rams a re tra nsmi tted within 40 ms. The transmission of one subtelegram lasts approximately 1.2 ms. The delay between the three subtelegram transmissions is random.

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

2.12 Charging circuitry

The figure below shows the internal charging circuit. It is controlled via the WXODIO pin of Dolphin V4 which switches according to the status of the internal threshold detector. For details please refer to the Dolphin V4 Core Description documentation. The WXIDIO pin is used to disconnect the energy storage elemen t at voltages below VOFF to avoid deep discharge.

An external 3 V backup battery can be connected at VCHAR.

2.13 Energy consumption

Current Consumption of STM 431J

Charge needed fo r on e m easurement and transmit cycle: ~130 µC Charge needed fo r on e measurement cycle without transmit: ~30 µC

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

(current for external sensor circuits not included) Calculations are performed on the basis of electric charges because of the internal linear

voltage regulator of the module. Energ y consumption varies with voltage of the energy storage while consumption of electric charge is constant.

From these values the following typical performance parameters at room temperature have been calcul a t ed:

Wake

cycle

[s]

Transmit

interval

Operation Time in darkness [h]

when storage

fully charged

Required reload

time [h] at 200

lux within 24 h

for continuous

operation

24 h operation

after 6 h

illumination

at x lux

Illumination level in lux for

continuous

operation

Current

in µA

required

for con-

tinuous

operation

1 1 0.5

storage too small

5220

130.5

1

10

1.7

storage too small

1620

40.5

1

100

2.1

storage too small

1250

31.3

10 1 5.1

storage too small

540

13.5

10

16

21

storage too small

175

4.4

10

100

20

16.8

storage too small

140

3.5

100 1 43

7.8

260

65

1.6

100

10

98

3.6

120

30

0.8

100

112

3

100

25

0.6

Below is with secure mode enabled.

Wake cyc-

le[s]

Transmit interval

Operation Time in darkness [h] when storage

fully charged

Required reload time [h] at 200 lux within 24 h for continuous

operation

24h operation after 6h illumination

at x lux

Illumination level in lux for continuous operation

Current

in μA

required for continuous operation

1 1 0,4

Storage too small

7791

175 1 10

1,6

Storage too small

1991

45 1 100

2,2

Storage too small

1411

32

10 1 4

Storage too small

791

17,80

10

15

25

Storage too small

211

4,75

10

100

20

18

Storage too small

153

3,45

100 1 34

11

364

91

2,05

100

10

93 4 132

33

0,75

100

113 3 109

27

0,61

Assumptions:

 Internal storage PAS614L-VL3 (after several days of operation at good illumination

level) with 0.25 F, Umax=3.2 V, Umin=2.2 V, T=25 °C

 Consumption: Transmit cycle 100 µC, measurement cycle 30 µC  Pre-installed solar cell ECS 300, operating values 3 V and 5 µA @ 200 lux fluorescent

light

 Current proportional to ill umination level (not true at very low levels!)

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

These values are calculated, the accuracy is about +/-20%! The pe rf or m a n ce va ries over temperature and may be strongly reduced at extreme temperatures or short transmit intervals.

3 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

3.1 Using the WA KE pins

The logic input circuits of the WAKE0 and WAKE1 pins are supplied by UVDD and therefore also usable in “Deep Sleep Mode”. Du e to curr ent mini mization th ere is no i nternal pull -up or pull-down at the WAKE pins. When STM 431J is in “Deep S leep Mod e” and the l ogic l evels of WAKE0 and / or WAKE1 is changed, STM 431J starts up.

As the there is no internal pull-up or pull-down at the WAKE0 pin, it has to be en-

sured by exte rnal circuitry, that the WAKE0 pin is

at a defined logic level at any

time. At time of delivery a jumper is connected between WAKE0 and UVDDext.

WAKE1 provides an internal 1.8 MΩ pull-up. See figure below.

When the LRN button is pressed WAKE1 is pulled to GND and a teach-in telegram is transmitted. As long as the button is pressed a small current of approximately 1 µA is flowing . It is possible to connect an additional external button in parallel between WAKE1 and GND if a different position of the button in the device is required.

WAKE0 is connected to UVDDext via a jumper at time of delivery. If the module is mounted onto a host PCB the jumper has to be removed. The circuitry on the host PCB then has to ensure that WAKE0 is always in a defined position. There are two ways to use WAKE0:

 Connect WAKE0 to UVDDext and connect an external button between WAKE0 and GND.

As long as the button is pressed a current of 1 µA will flow.

 Connect a 3 terminal switch and switch WAKE0 to either GND or UVDDext. In this case

there is no continuous flow of current in either pos ition of the switch.

Dolphin V4

WAKE0

WAKE1

UVDD

UVDDext

STM 431J

WAKE1

WAKE0

GND

1M8

LRN Button

Jumper installed at

time of delivery

USER MANUAL

STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.2 Temperature sensor

STM 431J provide an internal temperature sensor which is part of the Dolphin V4 integrated circuit and measures the chip temperature. Therefore it is important to provide a good the rm al connection of the IC to t he environment by ensuring sufficient ventilation of air inside the housing. Only then the measurement will represent the ambient temperature. Depending on the design of the housing a delay between ambient temperature changes and measured temperature value will be seen.

3.3 Set point control and occupancy button

In order to control the set point, an external potentiometer has to be connected as shown below. In addition this figure shows how to connect the occupancy button.

3.4 Combination wit h humidity sensor module HSM 100

The humidity sensor module HSM 100 extends the functionality of STM 431J temperature sensor modules. HSM 100 contains an internal calibrated humidity sensor and can be plugged onto STM 431J modules via the 20 pin connector. For details please refer to the data sheet of HSM 100.

Heating of the chip due to its current consumption is negligible as th e chip only consumes 100 nA while in sleep mode. Temperature measurement every second is not recommended as in this case effects of heating of the chip might become visible and accuracy is reduced.

STM 431J

HSM 100

STM 431J

SWPWR

GND

ADIO0

10k

OCC

UVDDext

Set Point

Occupancy

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.6 EEPROM Storage for the Rolling code

The STM 431J was developed to be used with internal memory. The EEPROM is connected to the SDA and SLK pins and it is suited on the PCB of the STM 431. The SWPWR pin controls the power supply of the EEPROM. Please consider tha t the SWPWR pin also provides energy to possible external sensor circuit – absolute maximum is

5 mA.

The EEPROM current is typ. 0.1 mA for 5 ms during write operation. For details please refer to the User Manual of the EEPROM [7] (24AA08).

3.6.1 Included Information:

[ID:XXXXXXXX KY:YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY] ID: 3 CHARS

XX 8 CHARS FREESPACE 1 CHARS KY: 3 CHARS YY 32 CHARS

= 47 CHARS

3.6.2 QR-Code Specification

QR-Code Version: 3 (29x29 pixel) Error Correction Level: Q (25% error corre ction) Mode: Alphanumeric Mode Character Capacity: 47

Keep off are around the code: 2 Pixel (UP, Down, Left und Right) Pixel Size: min. 4x4 points per Pixel

600dpi x 600dpi Resolution: 1 Printpoint: 0.0423mm x 0.0423mm 1 Pixel: 0.1693mm x 0.1693mm

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.7 Antenna layout

3.7.1 Whip antenna (STM 430J)

Specification of the whip antenna; L=64 mm

Antenna layout recommendation

STM 430J without host PCB STM 430J with host PCB

Glass, wood, concrete, metal

> 2cm

> 1cm

> 2cm

Host PCB

GND plane

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.7.2 Helical antenna (STM 431J)

Antenna recommendation

STM 431J without host PCB STM 431J with host PCB

Host PCB

GND plane

Glass, wood, concrete, metal

> 2mm

> 5mm

Plastic

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.8 Mounting STM 431J into a housing

The figure below shows an example of a housing into which the module can be mounted (with antenna pointing to the left).

To avoid dam age to the sol ar cell or t he PCB itsel f, please m ake sure n ot to exert

shear force (side force within the plane of the solar cell) onto the solar cell! The maximum verti cal force on t o th e sola r cel l must n ot exce ed 4 N

and should be

homogeneously distributed!

Bending of the PCB must be avoided!

Please make sure that the housing covers 0.5 mm at the solar cell edges. Within 0.5 mm off the edge flaking is possible due to the cutting process.

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

3.9 Transmission range

The main factors that influence the system transmission range are type and location of the antennas of t he receiver and th e transmitter, type of terrai n and degree of obstruction of the link path, sources of interference affecting the receiver, and “Dead” spots caused by signal reflections from nearby conductive objects. Since the expected transmission range strongly depends on this system conditions, range tests sh ould categori cally be perf ormed before notification of a particular range that will be attainable by a certain application.

The following figures for expected transmission range may be used as a rough guide only:

 Line-of-sight connections: Typically 30 m range in corridors, up to 100 m in halls  Plasterboard walls / dry wood: Typically 30 m range, through max. 5 walls  Ferroconcrete walls / ceilings: Typically 10 m range, through max. 1 ceiling  Fire-safety walls, elevator shafts, staircases and supply areas should be considered as

screening.

The angle at which the transmitted signal hits the wall is very important. The effective wall thickness – and with it the signal attenuation – varies according to this angle. Signals should be transmitted as directly as possible through the wall. Wall niches should be avoided. Other factors restricting transmission range:

 Switch mounted on metal surfaces (up to 30% loss of transmission range)  Hollow lightweight walls filled with insulatin g wool on metal foil  False ceil ings with panels of metal or carbon fiber  Lead glass or glass with metal coating, steel furniture

The distance b etween EnOcean recei vers and other transm itting devices such a s computers, audio and video equipment that also emit high-frequency signals should be at least 0.5 m.

A summarized application note to determine the transmission range within buildings is available as download from

www.enocean.com.

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

4 AGENCY CERTIFIC ATIONS

STM 431J complies with the Japanese radio law and is certified according to ARIB STDT108.

When the product is placed on the Japanese market, it must carry the Specified Radio Equipment marking as shown below:

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STM 431J – Scavenger Transmitter Module

5 Label Information

1. Product name - „STM 431J / STM 435J“

2. Step Code „xy“

3. Date Code “KW/YY”: e.g. 15/13

4. Status „D431-z“: e.g 1

5. DMC

6. ARIB Marking, radius 3mm

7. ARIB Marking with number (003-130187)

Dolphin STM 431J User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual