AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
A Product Line of
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Description
The AP1694A is a high performance AC/DC power factor corrector for
mains dimmable LED driver applications. The device uses Pulse
Frequency Modulation (PFM) technology to regulate output current
while achieving high power factor and low THD. It operates as a BCM
(Boundary Conduction Mode) controller which is good for EMI.
The AP1694A provides accurate constant current (CC) regulation
while removing the opto-coupler and secondary control circuitry. It
also eliminates the need of loop compensation circuitry while
maintaining stability. It can meet the requirement of IEC6100-3-2
harmonic standard.
The AP1694A features low start-up current, low operation current. It
adopts valley on switching mode to achieve high efficiency. It also has
rich protection features including over voltage, short circuit, over
temperature protection.
The AP1694A provides the dimmable LED driver with a wide dimmer
compatibility including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer. The
AP1694A can achieve deep dimming down to 1%, while the dimming
curve is compliant with the standard of NEMA SSL6.
The AP1694A is available in SO-8 package.
Pin Assignments
(Top View)
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
NC
RI
SGND
CS
FB
GND
OUT
VCC
SO-8
Features
Primary Side Control for Output Current Regulation without Opto-
coupler
Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) Operation to Achieve High-
efficiency
High PF and Low THD (PF > 0.9, THD < 30%)
High Efficiency without Dimmer
Wide Range of Dimmer Compatibility
Dimming Curve Compliant with NEMA SSL6
Low Start-up Current
Tight LED Current
Tight LED Open Voltage
Valley-mode Switching to Minimize the Transition Loss
Mosfet driver up to 25W
Easy EMI
Internal Protections:
Under Voltage Lock Out(UVLO)
Leading-edge Blanking (LEB)
Output Short Protection
Output Open Protection
Over Temperature Protection
Flexible for Design with Small Form Factor and Very Low BOM
Cost
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Applications
Mains Dimmable LED Lighting
OFFLINE, HIGH PF, HIGH EFFICIENCY DIMMABLE LED DRIVER CONTROLLER
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
AP1694A
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T1
OUT
+
VCC
FB
OUT
CS
GND
U1 AP1694A
C 3
R7
R5
R6
R4
D1
C4
R3
Q1
BD1
C1
L1
R8
D2
R1
RI
SGND
R2
R9
RF
L
N
C2
Z1
Q2
F1
TVS1
T1
OUT
+
VCC
FB
OUT
CS
GND
U1 AP1694A
C 3
R7
R5
R6
R4
D1
C4
R3
Q1
BD1
C1
L1
R8
D2
R1
RI
SGND
R2
R9
RF
L
N
C2
Z1
Q2
F1
TVS1
Typical Applications Circuit
Typical Buck Application
Typical Buck-boost Application
AP1694A
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T1
OUT
+
VCC
FB
OUT
CS
GND
U1 AP1694A
C 3
R7
R5
R6
R4
D1
C4
R3
Q1
BD1
C1
L1
R8
D2
R1
RI
SGND
R2
R9
RF
L
N
C2
Z1
Q2
F1
TVS1
D3
R10
C5
Pin Number
Pin Name
Function
1
NC
No connection.
2
RI
The initial on time setting resistor.
3
SGND
Must connect to GND.
4
CS
Primary current sensing.
5
FB
The feedback voltage from auxiliary winding.
6
GND
Ground.
7
OUT
Gate driver output.
8
VCC
Supply voltage of gate driver and control circuits of the IC.
Typical Applications Circuit (Cont.)
Typical Fly-back Application
Pin Descriptions
AP1694A
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Symbol
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
-0.3 to 35
V
I
OUT
Driver Output Current
150
mA
VCS
Voltage at CS to GND
-0.3 to 7
V
VFB
FB Input Voltage
-40 to 10
V
TJ
Operating Junction Temperature
-40 to +150
°C
T
STG
Storage Temperature
-65 to +150
°C
T
LEAD
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
+300
°C
PD
Power Dissipation (TA = +50C)
0.65
W
θ
JA
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient)
160
°C/W
–
ESD (Human Body Model)
±2000 V –
ESD (Machine Model)
±200
V
Regulator&
Bias
Tons
Detector
Tons
Power_EN
Driver
FB
VCC
OUT
PFM
R
S
Q
Vref
CC_CTRL
TONP_CTRL
CS
GND
Vdd
Protection
& Latch
PRO
CS_OCP
FB_CV
FB_OVP
VCC_OVP
Logic
Set Initial Tonp
Constant Turn-on
Time Generation
VcsmaxVcs_valley
RI
SGND
5
2
3
4
6
7
8
Functional Block Diagram
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) (@T
Note 4: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
= +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
A
AP1694A
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Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
7
25
V
TA
Ambient Temperature
-40
+105
°C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
UVLO Section
VTH (ST)
Start-up Threshold
–
13
14.5
16
V
V
OPR
(Min)
Minimum Operating Voltage
After turn on
5.5
6.5
7.5
V
V
CC_OVP
VCC OVP Voltage
–
27
29
31
V
–
VCC Delatch Voltage (Note 5)
– 3 4 5 V
Standby Current Section
IST
Start-up Current
V
CC
= V
TH
(ST) -0.5V,
Before start up
– – 20
µA
ICC (OPR)
Operating Current
Static – 900
1300
µA
Drive Output Section
V
GATE
Gate Voltage
–
11
12
14
V
I
SOURCE_L
Low Driver Source Current
–
35
40
45
mA
I
SOURCE_H
High Driver Source Current
–
90
100
120
mA
R
DS(on)
Sink Resistance
– 6 7 8 Ω
Current Sense Section
V
CS_REF
Current Sense Reference
– – 1 – V
V
CS_CLAMP
Current Sense Reference Clamp
–
1.2
1.4 – V
t
ONP_MIN
Minimum t
ONP
–
700 – 1000
ns
t
D(H-L)
Delay to Output (Note 5)
–
50
150
250
ns
Feedback Input Section
IFB
Feedback Pin Input Leakage
Current
V
FB
= 2V
– – 4
µA
V
FB_CV
FB CV Threshold
–
3.8 4 4.2
V
V
FB_OVP
FB OVP Threshold
–
4.5 6 7.5
V
Output Current
–
System Output Current On Final
Test Board
– – –
±2
%
Over Temperature Protection Section
–
Shutdown Temperature (Note 5)
–
+150 – –
°C
–
Temperature Hysteresis (Note 5)
– – +20 – °C
Recommended Operating Conditions
Electrical Characteristics (@T
= +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
A
Note 5: These parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not 100% tested in production.
AP1694A
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-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Operating Current (
A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Start-up Current (
A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
Start-up Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
CV Threshold (V)
Supply Voltage (V)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
Minimal Operating Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
CV Threshold (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
Performance Characteristics
CV Threshold vs. Supply Voltage Start-up Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Minimal Operating Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Start-up Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature CV Threshold vs. Ambient Temperature
AP1694A
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-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
FB Leakage Current (
A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Supply Current (
A)
Supply Voltage (V)
Performance Characteristics (Cont.)
FB Leakage Current vs. Ambient Temperature Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
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T1
OUT
+
VCC
FB
OUT
CS
GND
U1 AP1694A
C 3
R7
R5
R6
R4
D1
C4
R3
Q1
BD1
C1
L1
R8
D2
R1
RI
SGND
R2
R9
RF
L
N
C2
Z1
Q2
F1
TVS1
_
1
sin( )
1
( , ) ( , )
28
2
0
cs ref
o pk
V
if
II
R
else
（ ）
_
0
1
( , )
o mean o
I k I d
_cs ref
V
0
s_ref
_
1
8
c
o mean
V
Ik
R
Application Information Based on Buck Structure
The AP1694A uses constant on time control method within one AC cycle to achieve the high power factor. When the dimmer is connected to the
driver, although a part of input voltage is cut off by the dimmer, the system still operates as constant on time mode, in this way good dimmer
compatibility can be realized.
When the dimmer is connected, and the conduction angle of the dimmer is
can be got as below:
In consider of the dead zone of the buck structure, the output current DC value can be calculated as below:
Where,
is the reference of the current sense, and the typical value is 1V.
is the cut off angle of dimmer.
is the phase of the input voltage.
k is the current modification coefficient , and the value is approximate to be 0.7.
When no dimmer is connected with the driver (
Figure 1. Typical Buck Application Circuit
), the output current DC value can be got as:
, according to the control principle of the IC, the output current
AP1694A
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_
_
8
cs ref
o mean
V
Rk
I
_
_ _ min
( 2 ) 8
2
in rms o o
cs ref in rms
V V R V
L
V V f
o
V
_in rms
V
_
8
pk cs ref
L
e m e m
L i L V
N
A B A B R
e
A
m
B
cc
aux L
od
V
NN
VV
sRt
initialon12_
10180
10
1
_ _max
1.25
10
82
in rms
L
R
RU
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
Design Parameters
Setting the Current Sense Resistor R8
According to the equation of the output current, the current sense resistor R8 is determined:
Transformer Selection
The typical non-isolated buck circuit in Figure 1 is usually selected, and the system is operating at boundary conduction mode. The switching
frequency at the crest is set as f
Where,
is the output voltage.
is the RMS value of the input voltage.
According to Ferrari's law of electromagnetic induction, the winding turns number of the buck inductance NL is:
Where,
The auxiliary winding is power supply for VCC, the winding turns number N
is the core effective area.
is the maximum magnetic flux density.
, the inductance can be calculated as below:
min
is:
aux
Where,
VCC is the power supply voltage for IC from auxiliary winding.
Vd is the voltage drop of the freewheel diode.
Setting the Initial On Time
As the AP1694A adopts constant on time control method, the AP1694A will generate an initial on time to start a working cycle. If the initial on time
is longer than the rated on time, overshoot will happen. The initial on time is determined by resister R1 shown in Figure 1.
According to initial on time generation mechanism, the t
To guarantee the system with no overshoot phenomenon, the resistor R1 is selected:
is:
on_initial
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0.1V
1µs
Valley
FB
F1
DB1
C1
L1
R9
RF
L
N
C2
Passive
Bleeding
Damping
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
In dimmable application, on the condition of the acceptable line regulation, the smaller R1 is selected will be better for dimming performance.
Valley On Control Method
The valley on function can provide low turn-on switching losses for buck converter. The voltage across the power switch is reflected by the
auxiliary winding of the buck transformer. The voltage is sensed by FB pin.
According to Figure 2, when the falling edge of 0.1V is sensed by FB pin, the AP1694A will see the toff time is over and delay 1µs to start a new
operating cycle. By this way we can realize valley on function.
Passive Damping and Bleeder Design
The passive bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate misfire and flicker.
A passive bleeder is composed of a resister (R9) and a capacitor (C2). C1 is input filter capacitor and RF is damper resistor.
The passive bleeder includes a capacitor (C2, hundreds of nF) to provide latching current. To remove the voltage and current spike, a resistor (R9)
is necessary to dampen the spike.
In dimmable application, because a large C2 will affect the PF, THD and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (C2) should be selected suitable.
Generally, 100nF/400V to 330nF/400V is recommended.
RF is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of C2 at firing. RF is selected from 20Ω to 100Ω for low line application,
and 51Ω to 200Ω for high line application. If R9 is too small, R9 can’t fully dampen the spike current and ringing current will occur. The ringing
current will cause the TRIAC misfire which will cause LED flicking. Another consideration in R9 selection is power loss, too large R9 will make
more power dissipation. Generally, a 200Ω to 2KΩ resistor is selected for R9.
Figure 2.Valley On Control
Figure 3. LED Driver Schematic with Passive Bleeder
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VCC
FB
R
FB1
R
FB2
AP1694A
Item
Description
Related Components
IO
Output current
R8
Output Current Ripple
Small current ripple is good for LED life
C4
t
on_initial
System initial on time, used to startup the system
R1
Output Open Voltage
Setting the output voltage when the LED is open
R5, R6
Dimming Performance
Improve the dimming performance
R1, RF, R9, C2, C4
EMI
Pass EN 55022 class B with 6DB margin
L1, C1
Line Compensation
To get a good line regulation
R7
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
Fault Protection
Over Voltage Protection and Output Open Protection
Figure 4. OVP Circuit
The output voltage is sensed by the auxiliary winding voltage of the Buck transformer, the VCC pin and FB pin provide over voltage protection
function. When the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value. When the voltage of V
V
or V
CC_OVP
new work cycle and the V
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application and the over voltage protection and output open protection happen, the IC
will trigger latch.
Output Short Protection
When the output is shorted, the output voltage will be clamped at 0. At this condition, VCC will drop down without auxiliary winding for power supply.
And the VCC will drop to UVLO threshold voltage, the IC will shut down and restart a new operating cycle, and the VCC is charged by startup
resistance. When VCC is higher than V
detected the device will not output more pulse. So the VCC will drop to VCC UVLO threshold again. If output short condition still exists, the system
will operate in hiccup mode.
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application, the device will not work at UVLO mode, and the device will work at
minimum toff mode.
Over Temperature Protection
AP1694A has two kinds of over temperature protection processes. First, the system is operating normally, the ambient temperature is changed to
+170°C suddenly, the IC will trigger over temperature protection which leads to a latch work mode. Second, if the system starts when the ambient
temperature is higher than +150°C, over temperature protection will be triggered. So the AP1694A can startup successfully when the ambient
temperature is less than +150°C.
Components Selection Guide
If the system’s spec is changed, please refer to the design sheet of the AP1694A and select the compatible system parameter. When the system
needs to be adjusted slightly, please refer to the table below and adjust the value of the related component.
, the over voltage is triggered and the IC will discharge VCC. When the VCC is below the UVLO threshold voltage, IC will start a
FB_CV
is charged again by start resistance. If the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode.
cc cap
voltage, IC will output a bunch of pulse to control power switch on and off. When still no FB signal
cc_start
exceeds
cc cap
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AP1694A X XX – G1
PackingPackageProduct Name
TR : Tape & Reel
M : SO-8
G1 : Green
RoHS/Green
Package
Temperature Range
Part Number
Marking ID
Packing
SO-8
-40°C to +105°C
AP1694AMTR-G1
1694AM-G1
4000/13’’Tape & Reel
1694A
M-G1
YWWAXX
First and Second Lines: Logo and Marking ID
Third Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
XX: 7th and 8th Digits of Batch No.
Ordering Information
Diodes IC’s Pb-free products with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green.
Marking Information
(Top View)
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0
°
8
°
1
°
7
°
R
0
.
1
5
0
(
0
.
0
0
6
)
R0.150(0.006)
1.000(0.039)
0.300(0.012)
0.510(0.020)
1.350(0.053)
1.750(0.069)
0.100(0.004)
0.300(0.012)
3.800(0.150)
4.000(0.157)
7
°
7
°
20:
1
D
1.270(0.050)
TYP
0.150(0.006)
0.250(0.010)
8
°
D
5.800(0.228)
6.200(0.244)
0.600(0.024)
0.725(0.029)
0.320(0.013)
8
°
0.450(0.017)
0.820(0.032)
4.700(0.185)
5.100(0.201)
Note: Eject hole, oriented hole and mold mark is optional
.
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
0.
350
(0.014)
TYP
TYP
TYP
9
°
~
9
°
~
Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm (inch).)
(1) Package Type: SO-8
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Grid
placement
courtyard
ZG
Y
E X
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
G
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
Value
6.900/0.272
3.900/0.154
0.650/0.026
1.500/0.059
1.270/0.050
Suggested Pad Layout
(1) Package Type: SO-8
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DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the
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Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express
written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.
B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and
acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any
use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related
information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its
representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
Copyright © 2014, Diodes Incorporated
www.diodes.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
LIFE SUPPORT
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