Digium TE 120, TE120P, TE122, TE121 User Manual

Download

TE120 Series

TE120P/TE121/TE122

User Manual

Release 2.2

445 Jan Davis Drive

Digium, Inc.

Huntsvil le, AL 35806

United States

Main Number: 1.256. 428.6000

Tech Support : 1.256.428.6161

U.S. Toll Free: 1.877.344.4861

Sales: 1.256.428.6262

www.digium.com www.asterisk.org

www.asterisknow.org

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retri eval syst em , o r tran sl at ed int o any hu man or co mpu ter langu ag e wit h ou t the prio r wri tte n permission of Digium, Inc.

Digium, Inc. has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are ade quate and erro r free. The m a nu facture r w i ll, if n ec es s ary , ex pl ai n issues w h ic h m ay not be covered by this documentation. The manufacturer’s liability for any errors in the docume nts is limi ted to the correctio n of errors and the aforementioned advis ory services.

This doc ument has been prepar ed for us e by profe ssiona l and pr operly tr ained personn el, and the cus to m er as su m es full respon si bi lity when us in g it.

Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks, and Acrobat Reader is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Asteri sk and D igi um a r e re gi ster e d tr ad emar ks and Ast eri sk B usi ne ss Ed it i on, A st eri sk NOW, AsteriskGUI, and Asterisk Appliance are trademarks of Digium, Inc.

Any oth er tr a dem ark s m en ti oned i n t he do cu me nt ar e t he pr op ert y of t h ei r r es pe ctiv e ow ner s.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 2

Safety Certificati on and Agency Approvals

Safety:

UL 60950-1:2003, First Edition CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03 1st Ed. April 1, 2003 IEC 60950-1:2001 First Edition EN 60950

Note: Canada, Finla nd, Nor way, Swede n and the Unite d States of America requir e that e qui pment using this produc t must be loc ated in a Restricted Access Location (RAL).

Telecom:

FCC Part 68, ANSI/ITA-968-A, Including Amendment A1 and A2 Industry Canada CS-03 AS/ACIF S016: 2001 AS/ACIF S038: 2001 TBR4 November 1995 as amended by TBR4/A1 December 1997 TBR12 December 1993 TBR13 January 1996

EMC:

EN 55022:1998 Cla ss B and 47 C FR Part 15, Su bpart B Cl ass B, R adiate d and Conducted EN 55024:1998 / IEC 61000

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 3

Federal Communications Commission Part 68

This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules and the requirements adopted by the ACTA. On the back of your TE120 Series printed circuit board is a label tha t contains, among other information, a product identifier in the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. If requested, this number must be provided to the telephone compa ny.

A plug and jack used to connect this equipment to the premi ses wiring and telephone network must comply with the applicable FCC Part 68 rules and requirements adopted by the ACTA.

If your TE120 Series card causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice is not practical, the telephone company will notify you as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.

The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could a ffect the operation of the equipment. If this happens, the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.

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The following information may be required when applying to the telephone company for servi ce:

Reg. Number Service Type SOC FIC USOC

US: DIGDENANTE120P

1.544 Mbps – S F

1.544 Mbps - SF and B8ZS

1.544 Mbps – ESF

1.544 Mb ps – ESF and B8ZS

6.0N 04DU9-BN 04DU9-DN 04DU9-1KN 04DU9-1SN

RJ-48C

If you experience problems with the TE120 Series, contact Digium, Inc. T echnical Support +1.256.428.6161 for repair and/or warranty information. If the equipment is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is resolved.

FCC Part 15

This device complies with part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interferen ce, and (2) T h is dev ice mu s t accep t any in terference receiv ed, including interf erence that may cause undesired operation.

Industry Canada Compliance Information

The Industry Canada label applied to the product (identified by the Industry Canada logo or the "IC:" in front of the certification/registration number) indicates that the Industry Canada technical specifications were met.

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Introduction to TE120 Series Documentation

This manual contains product inf ormation for the TE120 Series of cards (TE120P, TE121, and TE122). Be sure to refer to any supplementary documents or release notes that were shippe d with your equipment. The manual is organized in the following manner:

Chapter/

Appendix

3 4

A B C

Title Description

Overview Identifies your card’s featur es. This chapter also

covers applications and uses for the TE120 Series card in t he real world.

Card Installation Provides instructions for installing the card in your

Configuration

Troublesh ooting Expla ins resolutio ns to common problems and

Pin Assignments Lists the connectors and pin assignments .

Specifications Details card specifications.

Glossary and Acronyms

PC, acquiring correct drivers, and checking device compatibility.

Provides instructions for configuring your card.

frequentl y as ked questions per taining to card installation and usage.

A list of te r m s a nd acronyms used th roughout this manual.

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Symbol Definitions

Caution stat emen ts in dicate a c onditio n whe r e d amage to t he un it o r its configuration could occur if operational procedures are not followed. To reduce the risk of damage or injury, follow all steps or procedures as instructed.

The ESD sym b o l in d i ca t es electrostat i c sen s i ti ve de vi ces. Observe prec autions for handling devi ces. Wear a proper ly grounded electrostatic discha rge (ESD) wrist strap while handling the device.

The Electrical Hazard Symbol indicates a possibility of electrical shock when operat ing this unit in certain situations. To reduce the risk of damage or injury, fol low all steps or proc edures as instructed.

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Important Safety Instructions

User Cautions

Servicing.

Do not attempt to service this card unless specifically instructed to do so. Do not attempt to remove the card from your equipment while power is present. Refe r ser vicing to qualified service personnel.

Water and Moisture. Do not spill liquids on this unit. Do not operate this equipment in a wet environme nt.

Heat. Do not operate or store this product near heat sources such as radiators, air ducts, areas subject to direct, intense sunli ght, or other products that produce heat.

Static Electricity.

To reduce the risk of damaging the unit or your equipment, do not attempt to open the enclosur e or gain acc es s to areas where you ar e not instructed to do so. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.

Save these instructions for future reference.

Service Pe rsonnel Cauti on s

Warning.

This card must be used with the PC lid screwed down. Telecommunications network voltages exist inside the PC! The PC must be shut down and telec ommunications line connection shall be removed before opening the PC.

Electrical Shock.

To re duce th e risk of injur y , damage to t he uni t or yo ur equipment , do not attempt to touch the modules while they are powered. The case should be securely closed before power is applied to the unit.

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Service Pe rsonnel Cauti on s

Servicing.

Disconnect telecommunications network cable before opening the cover or remov in g th e ca rd from the m o th erboard.

Labeling.

For safety reasons, only connect equipment with a Telecommunications Compliance labe l. This includes customer equipment previously labelled Permitted or Certified.

Caution. Only connect r egula tory equipment (approv ed for use in your spe cific country) to th e telecommunications ne twork voltage circuit ports.

Caution. This car d is not intended for home us e. It must be used in restricted access locations and installed in UL Listed I.T.E. only.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Echo-Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

What is Asterisk®? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Asterisk as a Switch (PBX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Asterisk as a Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Asterisk in the Call Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Asterisk in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Asterisk Everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Chapter 2

Card Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Unpacking the Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Shipment Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Identifying Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

T1/E1 Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Slot Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Hardware Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Installing Asterisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Chapter 3

Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

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Table Of Contents

Configuring Card Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Configuring T1/E1 Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

T1 Channel Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

E1 Channel Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Testing Your Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Appendix A

Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Appendix B

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 4

Appendix C

Glossary and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Sample Legacy Phone Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 2: Sample IP Phone Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 3: TE120P Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Figure 4: TE121 Card with Echo Cancellation Module . . . . . .24

Figure 5: TE122 Card with Echo Cancellation Module . . . . . .25

Figure 6: Motherboard PCI Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Figure 7: Insert the Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Figure 8: Example dmesg Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

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List of Tab le s

Table 1: Card Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table A-1: RJ45 Telco Port Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Table B-2: Maximum Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

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Chapter 1 Overview

The Digium TE120 Series cards are T1/E1 capable cards that can handle both voice and data. It supports industry standard protocols, including Robbed Bit Signaling also known as CAS (Channel Associ ated Signaling) and CCS (Common Channel Signaling), E&M (Digital Emulation), Primary Rate ISDN (PRI), and several data modes (PPP, HDLC, Cisco HDLC and frame relay). It is capable of running in E1, T1, or J1 modes.

Designed to be fully compatible with existing software applications and integrate fully with the Asterisk platform, the TE120 Series cards allow many advanced call features.

Data Modes:

 Cisco HDLC  HDLC  PPP  Multilink PPP  Frame Relay

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Voice Modes:

 PRI CPE and PRI NET

– NI1 – NI2 – EuroISDN – 4ESS (AT&T) – 5ESS (Lucent) – DMS100

 E&M

– Wink – Feature Group B – Feature Group D

 FXO and FXS

– Ground Start – Loop Start – Loop Start with Disconn ect Detect

Chapter 1: Overview

The TE120 Series cards can be used to connect your Asterisk machine to the PSTN world, your channel bank, or even another PBX. This is accomplished via a T1/E1 interface. The cards allow Asterisk software to connect to your network, creating a professional telephony environment. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show examples of the card’s application.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 15

Chapter 1: Overview

Remote oces

Internet

TE12X

Asterisk Server

Legacy PBX

Legacy Phones

Eth

LAN

TE12X

Asterisk Server

Switch

Phones

CLEC

Figure 1: Sample Legacy Phone Application

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Figure 2: Sample IP Phone Application

Chapter 1: Overview

Echo-Cancellation

Users connecting their TE120 se ries cards to the PSTN or other devices are likely to be placing calls that will result, at some point, in an unbalanced 4-wire/2-wire hybrid. The result of this hybrid is the reflection of a ne ar-end echo to the calling party. Elimination of this echo is the responsibility of echo canc ellation.

The TE120 series cards, unless otherwise equipped, utilize Asterisk to perform software-based echo cancellation. Asterisk maintains a number of open source echo canc elers. The se open source echo ca ncelers pr ovide a moderate level of echo cancellation, but are not capable of dealing with higher levels of, or more advanced, echoes.

Digium recommends that those users concerned about echo cancellation purchase the VPMADT032 hardware echo cancellation module. The VPMADT032 may be combined with both t he TE121 and TE122 ca rds; i t may not be combined with the TE120P card. The TE121 and TE122 are offered bundled with the VPMADT032 as, respectively: TE121B, TE122B.

The VPMADT032 is desi gned to h andle up to 128m s of e cho cance llati on across all channels and provides a G.168 compliant and AT&T Labs certified Toll-Quality echo cancellation solution.

If equipped and not explicitly disabled in zapata.conf, the VPMADT032 will automatically ope rate and cancel all network echo within its tail range (1024 taps). Users of TE120P cards, which do not maintain the capability to support the VPMADT032, may purchase Digium's commercial HPEC software:

http://www.digium.com/en/products/software/hpec.php

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Chapter 1: Overview

What is Asterisk®?

Asterisk is th e world’s leading open source t elephony engine and tool kit. Offering fle xibility unheard of in the world of proprietar y communications, Asterisk empowers developers and integr ators to create advanced communication solutions...for free. Asterisk® is released as open source under the GNU General Public License (GPL), and it is available for download free of char ge. As teri sk® is the most p opular open source software available, with the Asterisk Community being the top influencer in VoIP.

Asterisk as a Switch (PBX)

Asterisk can be configured as the core of an IP or hybrid PBX, switching calls, managing routes, enabling features, and conne cting callers with the outside world over IP, analog (POTS), and digital (T1/E1) connections.

Asterisk runs on a wide variety of opera ting systems including Linux, Mac OS X, OpenBSD, FreeBSD and Sun Solaris and provides all of the features you would exp ect from a PBX inclu ding many adva nced featu res that are often associate d with high end (and high cost) proprietary PBXs. Asterisk's archi tecture is designed for maximum flexibilit y and supports Voice over IP in many protocols, and can interoperate with almost all standards-base d telephony equipment using relatively ine xpensive hardware.

Asterisk as a Gateway

It can also be built out as the heart of a media gateway, bridging the legacy PSTN to the expanding world of IP telephony. Asterisk’s modular architecture a llows it to co nvert between a wide ran ge of communicat ions protocols and media codecs.

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Chapter 1: Overview

Asterisk as a Feature/Media Server

Need an IVR? Asterisk’s got you covered. How about a conference bridge? Yep. It’s in there. What about an automated attendant? Asterisk does that too. How about a replacement for your agi ng legacy voicemail system? Can do. Unified messaging? No problem. Need a telephony interface for your web site? Ok.

Asterisk in the Call Center

Asterisk has been adopted by call centers around the world based on its flexibility. Call center and contact center developers have built complete ACD systems based on Asterisk. Asterisk has also added new life to existing call center solutions by adding remote IP agent capabilities, advanced skills-based routing, predictive and bulk dialing, and more.

Asterisk in the Network

Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs), competitive local exchange carriers (CLECS ) and even firs t- tier incu m ben ts h ave discovered the power of open source communications with Asterisk. Feature servers, hosted services clusters, voicemail systems, pre-paid calling solution s, a ll based on Asterisk have helped reduce costs and enabled flexibility.

Asterisk Everywhere

Asterisk has become the basis for thousands of communications solutions. If you need to communicate, Asterisk is your answer. For more information on Asteris k visit http://www .asterisk.org or http:// www.digium.com.

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Chapter 2 Card Installation

This chapter provides the following information:

 Unpacking the Card on page 21  Shipmen t Ins pec ti o n on page 22  Identifyi ng F ea tures on page 22  T1/E1 Selection on page 22  Slot Compatibility on page 26  Hardware Installat ion on page 28  Software Installation on page 29  Installing Asteris k on page 32

Note: The TE120 Series card installation instructions are written so that they will apply to any card in the series. Examples and card specific inf ormation are included as need ed .

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Unpacking the Card

When you unpack your card, carefully inspect it for any damage that may have occurred in shipment. If damage is suspected, file a claim with the carrier and contact your reseller from which the card was purchased, or Digium Technical Support at 1.256. 428.6161. Keep the original shipping container to use for future shipment or proof of damage during shipment.

Note: Only qualified service personnel should install the card. Users should not attempt to perform thi s function themselves. The installer must ensure that the equipment is permanently connected equipment, pluggable type B or connecte d t o a socke t-outle t tha t has bee n checke d to ensure that it is reliably earthed in accordance with the National Electrica l Code.

This card is intended for installation in a Restricted Acces s Location (RAL) only.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Shipment Inspection

The following items are includ ed in shipment of the TE120 Series:

 A TE120P, TE121, or TE122 card.

Identifying Features

Your TE120 Series card has one RJ45 port and two status LEDs. The port is used for connecting T1, E1, or J1 cables. The two LEDs serve as a status LED and an amber loop-back LED. The card includes a stra p for selecting either T1 or E1 line mode. See Figure 3 on page 23 to locate these features.

The TE121 and TE122 cards may also be combined with Digium’s hardware-based echo canceler, model VPMADT032. See Figure 4 on page 24 for an example of the TE121 card shown with the echo cancellation module.

T1/E1 Selection

The T1/E1 mode, in most cases, is set at the distributor before shipment. You may want to check the setting to be certain it is set for your specific use. With the jumper off, the card is ready for T1 mode and with the jumper on, the card is ready for E1 mode .

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Port 1

PCI Connector

T1/E1 Jumper

Status LED

Loopback

Mode LED

Figure 3: TE120P Card

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Status LED

Loopback

Mode LED

VPMADT032

Port 1

PCI Express

Connector

Figure 4: TE121 Card with Echo Cancellation Module

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Status LED

Loopback

Mode LED

VPMADT032

Port 1

PCI Connector

Figure 5: TE122 Card with Echo Cancellation Module

Caution.

Only qualified service personnel should continue with hardware installation and configuration of a TE120 Series card. Non-qualified personnel should not attempt to perform these functions.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Slots

Slot Compatibility

Check the type of card you received to be sure it is compatible with your PCI slot. To determine which slot you have, identify it by comparing it to those shown in Figure 6 on page 26.

Slot Number:

0: AGP Pro Slot 1: 64-bit 5.0 volt PCI Slot 2: 64-bit 3.3 volt PCI Slot 3: 32-bit 5.0 volt PCI Slot 4: PCI Express Slot

Figure 6: Motherboard PCI Slots

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

The TE120 Series and TE122 cards are 32-bit 33MHz cards keyed for universal 3.3 volt or 5.0 volt operation and works in any PCI 2.2 (or greater) compliant slot. This means that in the motherboard shown in Figure 6, the TE120 Series and TE122 cards will fit into Slots 1, 2, or 3 (PCI slots) but will not fit into Slot 0 (AGP slot).

The TE121 card i s a PCI Expr ess c ard. S lot 4, illus trat ed above, is a 1 lane (X1) PCI Express compliant slot. The TE121 will work in any PCI Express compliant slot, includi ng lane length s X1, X4, X8, and X16. This means that in the mother board shown in Figure 6, the TE121 will only fit into Slot 4. The TE121 can not be used in Slots 0 through 3.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Hardware Installat ion

1. Now that you are acquainted with the TE120 Series cards, power

down your computer and unplug it from its power source .

2. Attach a static strap to your wrist a nd open the case .

3. Check the jumper setting to ensure it matches your equipment

configuration. Setting the jumper with the strap on enabl es the po rts for E1. Setting the jumper with the strap off enables the ports for T1.

4. Remove the bracket place holder and insert the card into a PCI or PCI

Express slot. See Figure 7.

Figure 7: Insert the Card

5. Replace the cover to your computer.

6. Plug the T1 or E1 equipment cable into the RJ45 port.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Caution.

This unit must be connected to the Teleco mmu nications Network in your country using an appr oved line cord.

Caution.

This unit must be connected only to the appr opriate Telecommunications Network por t (as approved for use in your specific country).

Softw a r e In s t al la t io n

The TE120 Series cards are only support ed on a Linux syste m. Digi um, Inc. recommends Debian, Fedor a, and Red Hat. Digium hardware requires drivers and libraries that are integrated with the Linux kernel. Yo u can obt ai n the s our ce co de fro m downloads.digium.com

. Detailed

instructions are pr ovided in this section. T o install software for your TE120 Series card, you will need:

 Full Linux kernel 2.6 (or later) sour ce code  Development librarie s and head ers for libncurses (only necessary for

Asterisk 1.2; or for Zaptel 1.4 and Asterisk 1.4).

 Development librarie s and head ers for zlib and openssl.  If you are using the 1.2.x series of Aste risk and Zaptel, you will need

Asterisk 1.2.26 or newer, and Zaptel 1.2.23 or newer. If you are using the 1.4.x series of Asteri sk and Zaptel, you will need Asterisk 1.4.17 or newer and Zaptel 1.4.8 or newer.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

1. Check your lspci PCI device listing. Boot the computer into Linux.

After the machine has loaded, log in and execut e the following:

# lspci -n | grep d161

Confirm your lspci PCI device listing by scanning f or the following information in the output screen:

0000:01:00.0 0200: d161:<card identifier>

In the device listing shown above, <card identifier> will be populated with one of the identifiers listed in the table below.

Table 1: Card Identifiers

Model Identifier

TE120P TE121 TE122

0120 8000 8001

A Digium TE120 Series (TE120P/TE121/TE122) ISDN Controller should be ide ntified. If a c ontroll er is no t i dentif ied, then you r mach ine is not PCI 2.2 (or higher) or PCI Express compatible and the card will not work with your equipment. Please contact Digium’s technical support for as sist ance.

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Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

2. Download the late st branch of libpri tha t matches the branch of Za ptel

and Asterisk which you are using. If you are using the 1.2.x branch, then download the 1.2.x bran ch of libpri. Likewise if you ar e using the

1.4.x branch, the n ob tain that versi on of li bpri. Libpri i s a vailable from

http://downloads.digium.com/pub/telephony/libpri

3. Expand the downloaded tarballs. Substitute the version of libpri you

are using with the X.X in the command lines below.:

# tar -zxvf libpri-1.X.X.tar.gz # cd libpri-1.X.X/

# make # make install

Download the latest Zaptel drivers (1.2.23 or later). If you are using

the 1.4 branch of Zaptel, you should use 1.4. 8 or late r. They are accessible via http from http://downloads.digium.com/pub/telephony/

zaptel/.

5. Expand the downloaded tarball an d insta ll the drivers. Substitute the

version of Zaptel you are using with the XX in the command lines below.

#tar -zxvf zaptel-1.X.X.tar.gz #cd zaptel-1.X.X #make clean #./configure (applies to 1.4.X only) #make menuselect (applies to 1.4.X only if you wish to customize the install) #make #make install

Note: If you don’t already have configuration files installed, you can type make samples to install the default sample configuration files.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 31

Chapte r 2: C ar d In st a lla tion

Installing Asterisk

If you wish to use Asterisk with your new hardware, you can follow the instructions below. If you are using the 1.2.x series of Asterisk and Zaptel, you will need Asteri sk 1.2.26 or ne wer , and Zaptel 1. 2.2 3 or newer. If you are using the 1.4.x series of Asterisk and Zaptel, you will need Asterisk

1.4.17 or newer and Zaptel 1.4.8 or newer.

1. Download the latest released version of Asterisk, either 1.2.26 (or

later), or 1.4.17 (or later). Asterisk can be downloaded via http from

http://downloads.digium.com/pub/telephony/asterisk

2. Expand the downloaded tarballs. Substitute the version of Asterisk

you are using with the X.X in the command lines below.

# tar -zxvf asterisk-1.X.X.tar.gz # cd asterisk-1.X.X/ # make clean # ./configure (applies to 1.4.X only) # make menuselect (appies to 1.4.X only if you wish to customize the install) # make # make install

If the build fails, it may be because you are missing one of the build dependencies, the kernel source, or development tools. Feel free to contact your res e ller wher e the card was purchas ed, or call Digi um Technical Support at 1.256.428.6161 for assistance.

Note: Complete instructions for installing Asteri sk are available at

www.asterisk.org

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 32

Chapter 3 Configuration

The TE120 Series cards have a variety of configuration options. This chapter provides confi gurations for PRI, channel bank, E&M wink, and finally, data mode. These sample configur ations are pr ovided to assi st y ou in familiarizing yourself with the flexibility of editing the configuration files to meet your specific needs. The list of possibl e configur ations is too expansive to cover in this user manual.

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Chapter 3: Configuration

Configuring Card Features

Configure Zapat a. conf, which is the layer between zaptel and Asterisk, to configure the essentia l car d features.

Switchtype:

national: National ISDN 2 (default) dms100: Nortel DMS100 4ess: AT&T 4ESS 5ess: Lucent 5ESS euroisdn: EuroISDN ni1: Old National ISDN 1

Echocancel: Echo Cancellation is enabl ed in zapata.conf by preceding the channel

variable with a variable called echocancel and its length in taps (# of milliseconds multiplied by 8); for example:

echocancel=yes

channel => 1-23

By default, and when set ting to " yes," echo ca ncellat ion i s enabled and set to 16 ms (128 taps). Echo cancellation is expl icitly disabled by setting:

echocancel=no

Digium does not recommend that users set echo cancellation to "no." Users of open source Asterisk-based echo cancelers also have the

following options:

echocancel=128 (this sets 128 taps or 16ms)

echocancel=256 (this sets 256 taps or 32ms)

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 34

Chapter 3: Configuration

Users of Digium's HPEC software have the following additional options:

echocancel=512 (this sets 512 taps or 64ms)

echocancel=1024 (this sets 1024 taps or 128ms)

Please note that HPEC consumes extremel y high amounts of CPU MIPS that increase as the number of taps are increased. Audio quality issues may result from choosing a taps length greater than the server's ability to process the echo in real-time. If audio quality is affected, reduce the taps length or purchase a TE121 or TE122 and Digium's VPMADT032.

Users of Digium's VPMADT032 hardware echo cance llati on module will have 128ms of echo cancellation performed at all times unless explicitly disabled by setting the echocancel variable equal to "no."

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 35

Chapter 3: Configuration

Signalling:

pri_cpe for CPE side. pri_net for NET side.

If you have a T1 PRI, add these lines to the following lines of the sample file.

signalling=pri_cpe switchtype=national group=1 context=incoming channel=>1-23

E1 PRI

signalling=pri_cpe switchtype=euroisdn context=incoming channel=>1-15,17-31

You can also configure a channel bank of phones

signalling=fxo_ks group=1 context=phones channel=>1-24

E1 channel bank

signalling=fxo_ks group=1 context=phones channel=>1-24

Note: More detailed troubleshooting information is provide d on http:// www.asterisk.org.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 36

Chapter 3: Configuration

Configuring T1/E1 Lines

1. Begin by opening the /etc/zaptel.conf. This is where the base

configuration for your har dware is st ored. If you did a

make samples

during the install, you can read thr ough the commented example and edit it to your needs. Otherwise, continue following these instruc tions.

2. Next, configure your T1/E spans in the span definitions. They are in

the following format:

span=<span num>,<timing source>,<line build out (LBO)>,<framing>,<coding>[,yellow]

Since this card only has one spa n, the <span num> wil l be 1 if it i s the only Digium digital inter face card in your system.

All T1/E1 spans generate a clock signal on their transmit side. The <timing source> paramete r determines whether the clock signal from the far end of th e T1/E1 is us ed as the mas ter so urce of cl ock timi ng. If it is, our own clock will synchronise to it. T1/E1's connected directly or indirectly to a PSTN provider (te lco) should generally be the first choice to sync to. The PSTN will never be a slave to you. You must be a slave to it.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 37

Chapter 3: Configuration

Choose 1 to make the equipment at the far end of the E1/T1 link the preferred source of the mast er cl ock. Choose

2 to make it the second

choice for the master clock, if the first choice port fails (the far end dies, a cable breaks, etc.). Choose 3 to make a port the third choice, and so on. If you have, for instance, 2 ports connec ted to the PSTN, mark those as 1 and 2. The number used for each port should be different.

If you choose 0, the port will never be used as a sour ce of timing. Thi s is appropriate when you know the far end should al ways be a slave to you. If the port is connected to a channel bank, for example, you should always be its master. Any number of ports can be marked as 0.

Incorrect timing sync may cause clicks/noise in the audio, poor quality or fa iled faxes, unreliable modem operation, a nd dropped calls.

The line build-out (or LBO) is an integer, from the following: 0: 0 db (CSU) / 0-133 feet (DSX-1) 1: 133-266 feet (DSX-1) 2: 266-399 feet (DSX-1) 3: 399-533 feet (DSX-1) 4: 533-655 feet (DSX-1) 5: -7.5db (CSU) 6: -15db (CSU) 7: -22.5db (CSU)

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 38

Chapter 3: Configuration

or esf for T1

cas, or ccs for E1

ami

or b8zs for T1

ami or hdb3 fo r E1

E1 can also have the extra flag CRC4 at the end for CRC4 checking.

[,yellow] (optional)

If the keyword yellow follows, yellow alarm is transmitted when Asterisk is not running.

The following is a typical setup for a telco in the US:

span=1,1,0,esf,b8zs

In Europe:

span=1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

3. Next, define the country zone. See the example configuration file for

more details.

defaultzone=us loadzone=us

4. If you are using Asteris k, you wi ll need to con figur e it to use your new

hardware. This configuration is located in /etc/asterisk/zapata.conf. These options are subject to change with future Asterisk versions. Examples are provided below that may work for you.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 39

Chapter 3: Configuration

First Example: Channel Bank

The Channel Bank in this example has 24 FXS ports. In this configuration, the zaptel.conf is set for the card to provide timing to the channel bank and fxoks is set for 24 stations.

Set zapata.conf to mirror the configuration with define it for channels 1-24.

T1 Channel Bank

/etc/zaptel.conf: span=1,0,0,esf,b8zs fxoks=1-24

/etc/asterisk/zapata.conf: group=1 context=channelbank signalling=fxo_ks channel=1-24

E1 Channel Bank

/etc/zaptel.conf: span=1,0,0,ccs,hdb3 fxoks=1-31

/etc/asterisk/zapata.conf: group=1 context=channelbank signalling=fxo_ks channel=1-31

signalling=fxo_ks and

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 40

Chapter 3: Configuration

Second Example: E&M Line

To configure a span for E&M, the zaptel.conf must specify the span and the channel definiti on, while the zapata.conf specifies the signalling and incoming dialplan conte xt for a group of channels. In the example bel ow, the zaptel.conf shows the first span port configured to receive timing, with no line build-out (LBO), using ESF and B8ZS for framing and coding. The zapata.conf shows th at group 1 has channels 1-24 configured with featd signalling and processes incoming calls with the "incoming" dialplan extensions context.

There are many other signalling methods available, though featd is very common. See the zapata.conf sample configuration file for commented examples.

/etc/zaptel.conf: span=1,1,0,esf,b8zs e&m=1-24

/etc/asterisk/zapata.conf: group=1 context=incoming signalling=featd channel=1-24

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 41

Chapter 3: Configuration

Third Example: PRI

By setting the card to take timing in zaptel.conf, you acquire 23 b channels and voice channels, with channel 24 as the data transport. For Asterisk, define PRI_CPE so that it is the client side. Define the switch type you are connecting to as national. There are several options for the switch type including 5ESS, 4ESS, and NI1. You will then have 23 voice channels fo r Asteri s k.

PRI T1

/etc/zaptel.conf: span=1,1,0,esf,b8zs bchan=1-23 dchan=24

/etc/asterisk/zapata.conf group=1 signalling=pri_cpe switchtype=national context=incoming channel=1-23

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Chapter 3: Configuration

PRI E1

/etc/zaptel.conf: span=1,1,0,ccs,hdb3 bchan=1-15,17-31 dchan=16

/etc/asterisk/zapata.conf group=1 signalling=pri_cpe switchtype=euroisdn context=incoming channel=1-15,17-31

Fourth Example: Data Mode

Data mode is a little different than the other options. The zaptel.conf is configured as follows:

/etc/zaptel.conf span=1,0,0,esf,b8zs nethdlc=1-24

Uncomment the following line in zconfig.h of the Zaptel package:

#define CONFIG_ZAPATA_NET

If you are using a Linux kernel prior to 2.4.19, also uncomment this line:

#define CONFIG_OLD_HDLC_API

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 43

Chapter 3: Configuration

Build the data tools for Zaptel by executing:

make data; make sethdlc-new

Or, for kernels prior to 2.4.19

make data; make sethdlc make install

Load and configure your driver :

modprobe wcte12xp

ztcfg

Use sethdlc to bring up the interface:

sethdlc hdlc0 cisco

-or- for old style (make sethdlc instead of sethdlc-new) use:

sethdlc hdlc0 mode cisco

Assign the interface an address:

ifconfig hdlc0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

The interface may be addressed as any other networking interface (i.e., eth0) in Linux.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 44

Chapter 3: Configuration

ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:01:00.0[A] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 209 PCI Config reg is 02900117 wcte120p: New Reg: fe590000! Detected REG0: 00000100 Detected REG1: 00007849 Detected REG2: 0000001d (pre) Reg fc is 50000027 Detected REG0: 0000ffff (post) Reg fc is 50000024 Detected REG2: 0000ffff wcte120p: reg is a04c0004 TE120P: FALC version: 00000000 TE120P: Setting up global serial parameters for T1 FALC V1.2 TE120P: Successfully initialized serial bus for card Found a Wildcard TE: Wildcard TE120P

T esting Y our Confi guration.

1. Load Zaptel drivers into the kerne l using the program modprobe. The

appropriate driver for the TE120 Series cards is

wcte12xp. Use th e

following modprobe command:

# modprobe wcte12xp # ztcfg -vv # dmesg

2. Run zttool from the command line and see if the span turns g reen for

each span you h ave co n nect ed.

zttool

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 45

Figure 8: Example dmesg Output

Chapter 3: Configuration

3. Execute the follo w ing A ste ri sk command to see if the span cam e up

successfully.

asterisk asterisk -vvvr

Note: More detailed troubleshooting information is provide d on http:// www.asterisk.org.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 46

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting

This chapter provides frequently asked questions as identified from Digium Technical Support and possible resolutions. Multiple resourc es are available to obtain more infor mation about Asterisk and Digium products. These resources are listed on page 52.

What do the Status LED co lo rs indi cate?

 Green - Card is in-sync with the far end.  Yellow - Card is synchronizing or is receiving a red alar m from the far

end. Use a software tool such as zttool to get a textual description of the state of the card.

 Red - Card is not seeing far end, circuit is not up, or cable is bad.

I can't receive DID calls even though I have it enabled in extensions.conf.

Your telco might be sending calls with a method you are not expecting.

1. Check the method being used by attempting the following in your line

context:

_x.,1,NoOp(My DID Matches as ${EXTEN}

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 47

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

2. Then type reload in the Asterisk console and call in. You should see

the DID come in on your T1/E1 line.

My D Channel seems to go up and down.

Check to be sure you have set your timing parameters correctly. Also check the common causes of problems for a T1. See the Common Fixes

for all cards , page 50.

I have trouble dialing out. It seems that one type of dialing works (local, long distance, international) but another does not.

Check your

pridialplan variable and be sure that you a re di aling us ing the

method your telco is expecting .

I am having trouble receiving access code information over E&M.

Try the other types of E&M (featd, featb, etc.) to match the method your telco is using to stream infor mation.

I am having issues with my PRI. How can I see the messages coming across my D chan nel?

Enter the following command:

PRI debug span X

where x is the port from which you are connected. This command will show you the PRI messages coming across your D channel for that message.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 48

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

I am still having problems and the telco tells me it is my equipment.

The first thing to do in this situat ion is to test your equipment.

1. Connect a loopback plug. (A loopback plug has pin 1 going to pin 4

and pin 2 going to pin 5.) Insert the plug into the span and wait for its LED to turn green.

2. Stop Asterisk and edit zaptel.conf by removing the lines define d for

your card and replacing them with the following:

span=>1,0,0,esf,b8zs clear=1-24

Or if you have an E1 span:

span=> 1,0,0,ccs,hdb3 clear=1-31

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 49

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

3. Navigate to your zaptel source directory and type:

make tests

Followed by:

./patlooptest /dev/zap/1 60

The first argument in the patlooptest command is the device for the channel number you want to test. You should always test the first channel of a span. The second argumen t i s the duration in seconds to run the test.

This runs a pattern looptest for 60 seconds. If you receive any failures, it is possible you have a bad card and will need to call Digium Technical Support at 1.256.428.6161

Common F ixe s for all cards

1. Check for shared interrupts by entering the following:

cat /proc/interrupts

and

lspci -vb

If a conflict exists, try moving the card to another PCI slot.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 50

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

2. Check to see if X windows is running by entering the foll owing:

ps aux|grep X

If X windows is running, stop the application since it may cause a conflict with Asterisk.

3. Check to see if your IDE har d drives are running with DMA levels set .

Advanced users can perform an hdparm on your hard drive interface.

Use hdparm with caut ion as t he man pa ge st ates that h ar d drive corruptio n can occur when using incorrect settings . Pl ease review t he man page for hdp arm and mak e sur e you unde rst and the risks before using this tool.

Check the current mode using this command:

hdparm -vi /dev/[IDE Device]

Use this command to set the drives into UDMA2 mode:

hdparm -d 1 -X udma2 -c 3 /dev/[IDE Device]

If you are still having problems, contact your reseller from which the card was purchased, or Digium Technical Support at 1.256.428.6161.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 51

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

How can I enable more features?

To view all of the options available to add to your dial plan, type the following command from within Aster isk:

show applications

Digium also offers services to help configure and add features you might need. Contact Digium Technical Support at 1.256.428.6161 for more information.

Where can I ask even more questions?

There are several places to inquire for more information about Asterisk Digium products:

1. Digium Technical Support at 1.256. 428.6161 is available 7am-7pm

Central T ime (GMT -6), Monday - Fri day.

2. Asterisk users mailing list (asterisk.org/lists.digium.com).

3. IRC channel #asterisk on (irc.freenode.net).

Subscription Services Program

Digium is dedicated to support ing your Asterisk system by offering full technical support through our Subscription Services Program. Through this program, you can be at ease knowing that your business will always have access to the Asterisk experts. Pricing on Subscripti on Services may be obtained from your nearest reseller or you may call Digium Sales for referral to your neares t rese ller at +1.256.428.6000 or e-mail sales@digium.com.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 52

Appendix A

Pin 8

Pin 1

Pin Assignments

The communication port on the TE120 Series card br acke t is an 8-pin RJ45 port. The pin assignments are identified in T able A-1.

Table A- 1: RJ45 Telco Port C onnector

Pin Description

1Rx 2Rx 3Not used 4Tx 5Tx 6Not used 7Not used 8Not used

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 53

Appendix B Specifications

This appendix provides specifications, required environmental conditions, and maximum power consumption for the TE120P card.

Physical.

Size: 4.82” × 2.175” × 0.63” (12.2 x 5.5 x 1.6 cm)

PCB size, does not include the PCI bracket

Weight: 2 oz (57g)

Interfaces.

Local Loop Access: E1, T1, J1, PRI; RJ45 PCI Bus (TE120P and TE122): 3.3V or 5V bus slot, half- length slot minimum size, 33MHz minimum bus speed, compliant with PCI

2.2 or greater.

(TE121) - PCI-E X1, compliant with PCI-E X1 1.0 or greater.

Environment.

Temperature: 0 to 50° C (32 to 122° F) operation

-20 to 70° C (4 to 158° F) storage

Humidity: 10 to 90% non-condensing

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 54

Hardware an d Softw a re Requirements.

800-Mhz Pentium III or better 64MB RAM Available PCI Slot (as described previously)

Table B-2: Maximum Power Consumption

Model Power

TE120P

3.3V 5V

TE121

3.3V 2.0 Watts TE121B

3.3V 3.0 Watts TE122

3.3V 5V

1.5 Watts

0.1Wa tt

1.5 Watts

0.1Wa tt

Appendix B: Specifications

TE122B

3.3V 5V

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 55

2.5 Watts

0.1Wa tt

Appendix C Gloss ary and Acronyms

ANSI American National Standards Institute

An organization which proposes and establishes standards for international communications.

asynchronous

Not synchronized; not timed to an outside clock source. Transmission is controlled by start bits a t the beginning and stop bits at the end of each character. Asynchronous communica tions are often found in internet access and remote office applications.

attenuation

The dissipation of a transmitted signal’s power as it travels over a wire.

bandwidth

The capacity to carry traffic. Higher bandwidth indicates the ability to transfer more data in a given time period.

bit

The smallest element of information in a digital system. A bit can be either a zero or a one.

bps bits per second

A measurement of transmission spe ed across a data connection.

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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

broadband

Broadband transmission sha res the bandwidth of a particular medium (copper or fiber optic) to integrate multiple signals. The channels take up different f requencies on the cable, integrating voic e, data, and video over one line.

channel

A generic term for an individual dat a stre am. Ser vice providers can use multiplexing techniques to transmit multiple channels over a common medium.

Cat5

Category of Performance for wiring and cabling. Cat 5 cabling support applications up to 100 MHz.

Cat5E

Category of Performance for wiring and cabling. Category 5 Enhanced wiring supports signal r ates up to 100 MHz but adheres to stricter quality specifications.

CLEC competitive local exchange carrier

A term for telephone companies established after the T elecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated the L ECs. CLECs compete with ILECs to offer local service. See als o LEC and ILEC.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 57

Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

CO central office

The CO houses local switching equipment. All local access lines in a particular geographic area terminate at this facility (which is usually owned and operated by an ILEC).

CPE customer premises equipment

T erminal equipment which is connected to the te lecommunications network and which resides within the home or of fice of the customer . This includes telephones, modems, terminals, routers, and television set-top boxes.

DS0 Digital Signal, Level 0

A voice grade channel of 64 Kbps. The worldwide standar d speed for digitizing voice conversation using PCM (Pulse Code Modulation).

DS1 Digital Signal, Level 1

1.544 Mbps in North America (T1) and Japan (J1) -up to 24 voice channels (DS0s), 2.048 Mbps in Europe (E1) - up to 32 voice channels (DS0s). DS1/T1/E1 lines are part of the PSTN.

DS3 Digital Signal, Level 3

T3 in North America and Japan, E3 in Europe. Up to 672 voice channels (DS0s). DS3/T3/E3 lines are not part of the PSTN

DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency

Push-button or touch tone dial ing.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 58

Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

The European equivalent of North Ameri can T1, transmits data at 2.048 Mbps, up to 32 voice channels (DS0s).

The European equival ent of North American T3, transmits data at 34.368 Mbps, up to 512 voice channels (DS0s). Equivale nt to 16 E1 lines.

EMI Electromagnetic Interference

Unwanted electrical noise present on a power line

full duplex

Data transmission in two directions simultaneously.

G.711

The International Telecommunications Union recommendation for an algorithm designed to tr ansmit and receive mulaw PCM voice and A-law at digital bi t rate 64 Kbps. This al gorithm is u sed for digita l t elephone sets on digital PBX.

G.729

An International Telecommunications Union standard for voice algorithm.

H.323

An International Telecommunications Union standard for multimedia communications over packet -based networks.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 59

Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

IAX Inter- A steri sk eXchange

A VoIP protocol used by Asterisk. It is used to enable VoIP connections between As teri s k server s , and betw ee n serv e rs and clie nts that als o us e the IAX protocol.

iLBC internet Low Bitrate Codec

A free speech codec used for voice over IP. It is designed for narrow band speech with a payload bitrate of 13.33 kbps (frame length = 30ms) and

15.2 kbps (frame length = 20 ms).

ILEC incumbent local exchange c arrier

The LECs that were the or iginal carr iers in the market pr ior to th e entry of competition and theref ore have the dominant position in the market.

interface

A point of contact between two systems, networks, or devices.

ISO International Standards Organization LED light-emitting diode

Linux

A robust, feature-packed open source operating system based on Unix that remains freely available on the internet. It boasts dependability and offers a wide range of compatibility with hardware and software. Asterisk is supported exclusively on Linux.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 60

Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

loopback

A state in which the transmit signal is reversed back as the receive signal, typically by a far end network element.

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol

multiplexing

Transmitting multiple signals over a single line or channel. FDM (frequency divisi on multiplexing) and TDM (time division multiplexi ng) are the two most common methods. FDM separates signals by dividing the data onto different carrier frequencies, and TDM separates signals by interleaving bit s one after the other .

MUX multiplexer

A device which transmits multipl e signals over a single communications line or channel. See multiplexing.

PBX private branch exchange

A smaller version of a phone company’s large centra l switching office. Example: Asterisk.

PCI peripheral component interconnect

A standard bus used in most computers to connect peripheral devices.

POP point of presence

The physical connection point between a network and a telephone network. A POP is usually a network node serving as the equivalent of a CO to a network service provider or an interexchange carrier.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 61

Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

POTS plain old telephone service

Standard phone service over the public switched telephone network (PSTN). This service provides analog bandwidth of less than 4 kHz.

PPP point-to-point protocol

Type of communications link that connects a single device to another single device, such as a remote terminal to a host computer.

PSTN public switched telephone network

The public switched teleph one network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone networks. Originally a network of fixed-line analog te lephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital, and now includes mobile as well as fixed telephones.

QoS quality of service

A measure of telephone service, as specified by the Public Service Commission.

RJ11

A six-pin ja ck typically used for connecting telephones, modems, and fa x machines in residentia l and business settings to PBX or the local telephone CO.

SIP Session Initiation Protocol

An IETF standard for setting up sessions be tween one or more clients. It is currently the leading signaling protocol for Voice over IP, gradually replacing H.323.

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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

A dedicated digital carrier facility which transmits up to 24 voice channels (DS0s) and transmit s data at 1.544 Mbps. Commonly used to carry traff ic to and from private business networks and ISPs.

A dedicated digital carrie r facility which consists of 28 T1 lines and transmits data at 44.736 Mbps. Equivalent to 672 voice channels (DS0s).

TDM time division multiplexer

A device that supports simul taneous transmissi on of multiple data streams into a single high-speed dat a stre am. TDM separa tes signals by interleaving bit s one after the other .

telco

A generic name which refers to the telephone companies throughout the world, including RBOCs, LECs, and PTTs.

tip and ring

The standard terminati on on the two conduct ors of a telephone circuit; named after the physical appear a nce of the contact areas on the jack plug.

twisted pair

T wo copper wires commonly used for telephony and data communications. The wires are wrapped loosely around each other to minimize radio frequency interference or interference from other pairs in the same bundle.

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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms

V volts VoIP Voice over IP

T echnology used for transmitti ng voice traffic over a data network using the Internet Protoco l.

Zaptel (Zap)

Zapata Telephony Project dedicated to implementing a reasonable and affordable Computer Tele phony platform into the world marketplace.

Release 2.2 Digium, Inc. Page 64

Digium TE 120, TE120P, TE122, TE121 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1 Overview

Echo-Cancellation

What is Asterisk®?

Asterisk as a Switch (PBX)

Asterisk as a Gateway

Asterisk in the Call Center

Asterisk in the Network

Asterisk Everywhere

Chapter 2 Card Installation

Unpacking the Card

Shipment Inspection

Identifying Features

T1/E1 Selection

Slot Compatibility

Hardware Installat ion

Softw a r e In s t al la t io n

Installing Asterisk

Chapter 3 Configuration

Configuring Card Features

Configuring T1/E1 Lines

T1 Channel Bank

E1 Channel Bank

T esting Y our Confi guration.

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting

Appendix B Specifications

Appendix C Gloss ary and Acronyms