DMarch 2019Added a receiver category to Performance specifications.
ENovember
2020
Updated power consumption values. Added the LB (LNA Bypass)
command.
Added the C8 and R? commands. Added the Sleep Immediate and
Synchronous pulse sections. Added information on randomizing a
single I/O sample. Revised BC.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United
States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the
property of their respective owners.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual
or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Customer support
Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help, gather the following
information:
Product name and model
Product serial number (s)
Firmware version
Operating system/browser (if applicable)
Logs (from time of reported issue)
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
2
Trace (if possible)
Description of issue
Steps to reproduce
Contact Digi technical support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.
Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
Feedback
To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to
Include the document title and part number (XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide, 90001538 C) in the
subject line of your email.
techcomm@digi.com
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
3
Contents
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
Applicable firmware and hardware13
Technical specifications
Regulatory conformity summary15
Power requirements16
Networking and security specifications17
Performance specifications17
General specifications18
GPIO specifications19
LBT and AFA specifications19
Get started
Verify kit contents22
Connect the hardware23
Configure the device using XCTU24
Configure the devices for a range test24
Configure remote devices24
Perform a range test26
XBee Network Assistant27
XBee Multi Programmer27
Hardware
Mechanical drawings30
Pin signals31
Pin connection recommendations33
Operation
Operation35
Listen Before Talk and Automatic Frequency Agility35
Single frequency mode band mode36
Serial communications36
UART data flow36
SPI communications37
SPI operation38
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
4
Configuration considerations40
Serial port selection40
Data format40
SPI parameters40
Serial buffers41
Serial receive buffer41
Serial transmit buffer41
UART flow control41
CTS flow control41
RTS flow control42
Serial interface protocols42
Transparent operating mode42
API operating mode42
Advanced application features
Remote configuration commands45
Send a remote command45
Apply changes on remote devices45
Remote command responses45
Network commissioning and diagnostics45
Configure devices46
Network link establishment and maintenance46
Place devices47
Device discovery48
Link reliability49
Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED52
Enter Command mode78
Troubleshooting79
Send AT commands79
Response to AT commands80
Apply command changes80
Make command changes permanent80
Exit Command mode80
Sleep mode81
Force UART operation81
Condition81
Solution81
Sleep modes
About sleep modes83
Asynchronous modes83
Synchronous modes83
Normal mode83
Asynchronous pin sleep mode83
Asynchronous cyclic sleep mode84
Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up mode84
Synchronous sleep support mode84
Synchronous cyclic sleep mode84
Wake timer85
Indirect messaging and polling85
Indirect messaging85
Polling86
Sleeping routers86
Sleep coordinator sleep modes in the DigiMesh network86
Synchronization messages86
Become a sleep coordinator89
Select sleep parameters91
Sleep immediate91
Synchronous pulse92
Start a sleeping synchronous network92
Add a new node to an existing network93
Change sleep parameters94
Rejoin nodes that lose sync94
Diagnostics95
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
6
AT commands
Special commands98
AC (Apply Changes)98
FR (Software Reset)98
RE (Restore Defaults)98
WR (Write)98
MAC/PHY commands99
CM (Channel Mask)99
HP (Preamble ID)99
ID (Network ID)99
MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits)100
BR (RF Data Rate)100
PL (TX Power Level)100
RR (Unicast Mac Retries)101
ED (Energy Detect)101
LB (LNA Bypass)101
Diagnostic commands102
BC (Bytes Transmitted)102
DB (Last Packet RSSI)102
ER (Received Error Count)102
GD (Good Packets Received)103
EA (MAC ACK Timeouts)103
TR (Transmission Errors)103
UA (MAC Unicast Transmission Count)103
%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time)104
%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time)104
Network commands104
Recommended footprint and keepout190
Design notes192
Host board design192
Improve antenna performance193
RF pad version193
Recommended solder reflow cycle194
Flux and cleaning195
Rework195
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
11
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
The XBee SX 868 RF Module is an embedded radio frequency (RF) device that provides wireless
connectivity to end-point devices in mesh networks.
The XBee SX 868 RF Module delivers up to 32 mW of Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) and
has excellent receive sensitivity, low operating current, and exceptional performance in low power
modes. The module’s frequency hopping technology offers advanced interference immunity, affording
long range data throughput even in challenging RF environments. The XBee SX 868 RF Module uses a
microprocessor that supports host communication through Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or
universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), as well as digital, analog, and pulse width
modulation (PWM) lines for interfacing with peripherals.
Applicable firmware and hardware13
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
12
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User GuideApplicable firmware and hardware
Applicable firmware and hardware
This manual supports the following firmware:
n 0xA00x, Europe
It supports the following hardware:
n XBee SX 868 RF Module
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
13
Technical specifications
Regulatory conformity summary15
Power requirements16
Networking and security specifications17
Performance specifications17
General specifications18
GPIO specifications19
LBT and AFA specifications19
This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.
See Regulatory information for details.
CountryApproval
Europe (CE)Yes
The following table shows the channel frequencies.
Operational frequency band
K0863.15 MHz
1
Channel #Frequency
1863.35 MHz
2863.55 MHz
3863.75 MHz
4863.95 MHz
5864.15 MHz
6864.35 MHz
7864.55 MHz
8864.75 MHz
9N/A
2
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
15
Technical specificationsPower requirements
Operational frequency band
1
Channel #Frequency
L10865.15 MHz
11865.35 MHz
12865.55 MHz
13865.75 MHz
14865.95 MHz
15866.15 MHz
16866.35 MHz
17866.55 MHz
18866.75 MHz
19866.95 MHz
20867.15 MHz
21867.35 MHz
22867.55 MHz
23867.75 MHz
24N/A
2
M25868.15 MHz
N27868.85 MHz
3
Q/R
1
The operational frequency bands are in compliance with Table B.1 in ETSI EN 300 220-2 V3.1.1.
2
Channels 9 and 24 are removed to comply with section 4.3.4 of ETSI EN 300 220-2 V3.1.1
3
Band R applies when polite spectrum access is being used, i.e. more than one channel is enabled.
Band Q applies when polite spectrum access is not used, i.e. when channel 29 is the only enabled
channel.
Power requirements
The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee SX 868 RF Module.
SpecificationConditionValue
Supply voltage range2.4 to 3.6 VDC
Typical supply voltage3.3 V
26868.35 MHz
28869.05 MHz
29869.85 MHz
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
16
Technical specificationsNetworking and security specifications
SpecificationConditionValue
Receive currentVCC = 3.3 V40 mA
VCC = 3.3 V, LNA bypass enabled34 mA
Transmit currentVCC = 3.3 V55 mA @ 32 mW EIRP
VCC = 3.3 V45 mA @ 16 mW EIRP
VCC = 3.3 V40 mA @ 10 mW EIRP
VCC = 3.3 V35 mA @ 5 mW EIRP
VCC = 3.3 V32 mA @ 2 mW EIRP
Sleep currentVCC 3.3 V, temperature = 25 °C1.8 µA
Networking and security specifications
The following table describes the networking and security specifications for the devices.
Peer-to-peer (master/slave relationship not required), point-to-point/point-tomultipoint, mesh
Optional Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption which may be operated
in either electronic code book (ECB) mode or counter (CTR) mode. Use the EE
command to enable encryption. Use the KY command to set the encryption key.
Performance specifications
The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices.
Note Range figure estimates are based on free-air terrain with limited sources of interference. Actual
range will vary based on transmitting power, orientation of transmitter and receiver, height of
transmitting antenna, height of receiving antenna, weather conditions, interference sources in the
area, and terrain between receiver and transmitter, including indoor and outdoor structures such as
walls, trees, buildings, hills, and mountains.
SpecificationConditionValue
Frequency range863 to 870 MHz
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
17
Technical specificationsGeneral specifications
SpecificationConditionValue
RF data rate (software selectable)Low data rate10 kb/s
High data rate80 kb/s
Transmit power (software selectable) EIRP
ERP
1
2
Up to 15 dBm (32 mW)
Up to 13 dBm (20 mW)
Maximum data throughputHigh data rate38.4 kb/s
Available channel frequenciesAll data rates
Rural range line of sight
Urban range line of sight
3
4
Low data rateUp to 14.5 km (9 mi)
Low data rateUp to 2.5 km (1.5 mi)
28
Receiver categoryClass 2
Receiver sensitivityLow data rate-113 dBm
High data rate-106 dBm
Low data rate, LNA bypass enabled-100 dBm
High data rate, LNA bypass enabled -94 dBm
Receiver IF selectivityLow data rate ± 200 kHz40 dB
Low data rate ± 400 kHz45 dB
High data rate ± 200 kHz33 dB
High data rate ± 400 kHz40 dB
Receiver RF selectivityBelow 863 MHz and above 870 MHz> 60 dB
The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.
SpecificationValue
Dimensions3.38 x 2.21 x 0.32 cm (1.33 x 0.87 x 0.125 in)
Weight3 g
1
Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) is the device's output power plus 2.1 dBi (dipole antenna gain).
2
Effective radiated power (ERP) is the specification tested for regulatory compliance.
3
This number was measured with the LNA bypass disabled.
4
This number was measured with the LNA bypass disabled.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
18
Technical specificationsGPIO specifications
SpecificationValue
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)Compliant
ManufacturingISO 9001:2008 registered standards
Host interface connector37 castellated SMT pads
Antenna connector optionsU.FL or RF pad
Antenna impedance50 Ω unbalanced
Maximum input RF level at antenna port6 dBm
Operating temperature-40°C to 85°C
Digital I/O13 I/O lines, 5 output lines
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)4 10-bit analog inputs
Pulse width modulator (PWM)2 outputs
GPIO specifications
The following table provides the electrical specifications for the GPIO pads.
GPIO electrical specificationValue
Voltage - supply2.4 - 3.6 V
Low Schmitt switching threshold
High Schmitt switching threshold
Input current for logic 0-0.1 μA
Input current for logic 10.1 μA
Input pull-up resistor value40 kΩ
Input pull-down resistor value40 kΩ
Output voltage for logic 00.05 * VCC
Output voltage for logic 10.95 * VCC
Output source/sink current1 mA
Total output current (for GPIO pads)20 mA
LBT and AFA specifications
The following table provides the Listen Before Talk (LBT) and Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA)
specifications.
0.3 * VCC
0.7 * VCC
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
19
Technical specificationsLBT and AFA specifications
SpecificationConditionValue
Channel spacing200 kHz
Receiver bandwidth150 kHz
Modulation bandwidth< 300 kHz
LBT thresholdLow data rate< -95 dBm
High data rate< -90 dBm
TX on time< 1 second
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
20
Get started
Verify kit contents22
Connect the hardware23
Configure the device using XCTU24
Configure the devices for a range test24
Configure remote devices24
Perform a range test26
XBee Network Assistant27
XBee Multi Programmer27
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
21
Get startedVerify kit contents
Verify kit contents
The XBee SX 868 RF Module development kit contains the following components:
XBee
U.FLmodule (3)
XBee
development
board (3)
USB cable (2)
Power supply
(2)
Set of power
supply adapters
(2)
Antenna U.FL
(3)
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
22
Get startedConnect the hardware
Connect the hardware
The following illustration shows you how to assemble the hardware components of the development
kit.
1. Attach the XBee SX 868 RF Modules to the development boards.
2. Attach the antennas to the devices.
3. Connect the USB cables to the development boards.
CAUTION! Before you remove a device from a development board, make sure the board is
not powered by a USB cable or a battery.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
23
Get startedConfigure the device using XCTU
Configure the device using XCTU
XBee Configuration and Test Utility (XCTU) is a multi-platform program that enables users to interact
with Digi radio frequency (RF) devices through a graphical interface. The application includes built-in
tools that make it easy to set up, configure, and test Digi RF devices.
For instructions on downloading and using XCTU, see the XCTU User Guide.
Click Discover devices and follow the instructions. XCTU should discover the connected XBee SX 868
RF Modules using the provided settings.
Click Add selected devices.The devices appear in the Radio Modules list. You can click a module to
view and configure its individual settings. For more information on these items, see AT commands.
Configure the devices for a range test
For devices to communicate with each other, you must configure them so they are in the same
network. To obtain all possible data from the remote device, you must also set the local device to API
mode. For more information on API mode, see Operate in API mode.
For devices to communicate with each other, you configure them so they are in the same network.
You also set the local device to API mode to obtain all possible data of the remote device.
When you connect the development board to a PC for the first time, the PC automatically installs
drivers, which may take a few minutes to complete.
1. Add the two devices to XCTU.
2. Select the first module and click the Load default firmware settings button.
3. Configure the following parameters:
ID: 2015
NI: LOCAL_DEVICE
AP: API Mode Without Escapes [1]
4. Click the Write radio settings button.
5. Select the other module and click the Default firmware settings button.
After you write the radio settings for each device, their names appear in the Radio Modules
area. The Port indicates that the LOCAL_DEVICE is in API mode.
8. Disconnect REMOTE_DEVICE from the computer, remove it from XCTU, and connect it to its
own power supply.
9. Leave LOCAL_DEVICE connected to the computer. Connect LOCAL_DEVICE to its own power
supply.
10. Place REMOTE_DEVICE at the testing location and connect its power supply.
Configure remote devices
You can communicate with remote devices over the air through a corresponding local device.
Configure the local device in API mode because remote commands only work in API mode. Configure
remote devices in either API or Transparent mode.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
24
Get startedConfigure remote devices
These instructions show you how to configure the LT (Associated LED Blink Time) parameter on a
remote device.
1. Add two XBee devices to XCTU.
2. Configure the first device in APImode and name it XBEE_A.
3. Configure the second device in either API or Transparent mode, and name it XBEE_B.
4. Disconnect XBEE_B from your computer and remove it from XCTU.
5. Connect XBEE_B to a power supply (or laptop or portable battery).
The Radio Modules area should look something like this.
6.
Select XBEE_A and click the Discover radio nodes in the same network button.
7. Click Add selected devices in the Discovering remote devices dialog. The discovered remote
device appears below XBEE_A.
8. Select the remote device XBEE_B, and configure the following parameter:
LT: FF (hexidecimal representation for 2550 ms)
9.
Click the Write radio settings button.
The remote XBee device now has a different LED blink time.
10. To return to the default LED blink times, change the LT parameter back to 0 for XBEE_B.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
25
Get startedPerform a range test
Perform a range test
1. Go to the XCTU display for LOCAL_DEVICE.
2.
Clickto discover remote devices within the same network. The Discover remote devices
dialog appears.
3. Click Add selected devices.
4.
Clickand select Range test. The Radio Range Test dialog appears.
5. In the Select the local radio device area, select LOCAL_DEVICE. XCTU automatically selects
the Discovered device radio button and enables the Start Range Test button.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
26
Get startedXBee Network Assistant
6. Click Start Range Test to begin the range test.
If the test is running properly, the packets sent should match the packets received. You will
also see the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) update for each radio after each
reception.
7. You can move the LOCAL_DEVICE and REMOTE_DEVICE farther from each other to observe the
signal strength at different distances.
8. Click Stop Range Test when the test is complete.
9. You can test different data rates by reconfiguring the BR (RF Data Rate) parameters on both
devices and starting a new range test.
XBee Network Assistant
The XBee Network Assistant is an application designed to inspect and manage RF networks created
by Digi XBee devices. Features include:
n Join and inspect any nearby XBee network to get detailed information about all the nodes it
contains.
n Update the configuration of all the nodes of the network, specific groups, or single devices
based on configuration profiles.
n Geo-locate your network devices or place them in custom maps and get information about the
connections between them.
n Export the network you are inspecting and import it later to continue working or work offline.
n Use automatic application updates to keep you up to date with the latest version of the tool.
See the XBee Network Assistant User Guide for more information.
To install the XBee Network Assistant:
1. Navigate to digi.com/xbeenetworkassistant.
2. Click General Diagnostics, Utilities and MIBs.
3. Click the XBee Network Assistant - Windows x86 link.
4. When the file finishes downloading, run the executable file and follow the steps in the XBee
Network Assistant Setup Wizard.
XBee Multi Programmer
The XBee Multi Programmer is a combination of hardware and software that enables partners and
distributors to program multiple Digi Radio frequency (RF) devices simultaneously. It provides a fast
and easy way to prepare devices for distribution or large networks deployment.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
27
Get startedXBee Multi Programmer
The XBee Multi Programmer board is an enclosed hardware component that allows you to program up
to six RF modules thanks to its six external XBee sockets. The XBee Multi Programmer application
communicates with the boards and allows you to set up and execute programming sessions. Some of
the features include:
n Each XBee Multi Programmer board allows you to program up to six devices simultaneously.
Connect more boards to increase the programming concurrency.
n Different board variants cover all the XBee form factors to program almost any Digi RF device.
Download the XBee Multi Programmer application from:digi.com/support/productdetail?pid=5641
See the XBee Multi Programmer User Guide for more information.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
28
Hardware
Mechanical drawings30
Pin signals31
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
29
HardwareMechanical drawings
Mechanical drawings
The following figures show the XBee SX 868 RF Module mechanical drawings. All dimensions are in
centimeters. The XBee SX 868 RF Module differs from other surface-mount XBee modules. It has an
additional ground pad on the underside of the module used for heat dissipation. For more details, see
PCB design and manufacturing.
XBee® SX 868 RF Module User Guide
30
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