Digi RCM4000 User Manual

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RabbitCore RCM4000

C-Programmable Analog Core Modul e

with Ethernet

User’s Manual

019–0157 • 060501–A

RabbitCore RCM4000 User’s Manual

Part Number 019-0157 • 060501–A • Print ed in U.S. A.

Rabbit Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes and

improvements to its products without providing not ice.

Trademarks

Rabbit and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of Rabbit Semiconductor.

Rabbit 4000 and RabbitCore are trademarks of Rabbit Semiconduct or.

Rabbit Semiconductor

2900 Spafford Street

Davis, California 95616-6809

USA

Telephone: (530) 757-8400

Fax: (530) 757-8402

www.rabbi tsemic onduct or.com

RabbitCore RCM4000

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1.1 RCM4000 Features...............................................................................................................................2

1.2 Advantages of the RCM4000 ...............................................................................................................3

1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools......................................................................................................4

1.3.1 RCM4000 Development Kit.........................................................................................................4

1.3.2 Software........................................................................................................................................5

1.3.3 Online Documentation..................................................................................................................5

Chapter 2. Getting Started 7

2.1 Install Dynamic C.................................................................................................................................7

2.2 Hardware Connections..........................................................................................................................8

2.2.1 Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development..........................................................................8

2.2.2 Attach Module to Prototyping Board............................................................................................9

2.2.3 Connect Programming Cable......................................................................................................10

2.2.4 Connect Power............................................................................................................................11

2.3 Run a Sample Program.......................................................................................................................12

2.3.1 Run a Sample Program ...............................................................................................................12

2.3.2 Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................12

2.4 Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................13

2.4.1 Technical Support.......................................................................................................................13

Chapter 3. Running Sample Programs 15

3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................15

3.2 Sample Programs................................................................................................................................16

3.2.1 Use of NAND Flash (RCM4000 only).......................................................................................18

3.2.2 Serial Communication.................................................................................................................20

3.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs (RCM4000 only).....................................................................................22

3.2.4 Real-Time Clock.........................................................................................................................22

Chapter 4. Hardware Reference 23

4.1 RCM4000 Digital Inputs and Outputs................................................................................................24

4.1.1 Memory I/O Interface.................................................................................................................29

4.1.2 Other Inputs and Outputs............................................................................................................29

4.2 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................30

4.2.1 Serial Ports..................................................................................................................................30

4.2.2 Ethernet Port ...............................................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Programming Port.......................................................................................................................32

4.3 Programming Cable............................................................................................................................33

4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode....................................................................33

4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM4000......................................................................................34

4.4 A/D Converter (RCM4000 only)........................................................................................................35

4.4.1 A/D Converter Power Supply.....................................................................................................37

User’s Manual

4.5 Other Hardware..................................................................................................................................38

4.5.1 Clock Doubler ............................................................................................................................38

4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader......................................................................................................................38

4.6 Memory..............................................................................................................................................39

4.6.1 SRAM.........................................................................................................................................39

4.6.2 Flash EPROM.............................................................................................................................39

4.6.3 NAND Flash...............................................................................................................................39

Chapter 5. Software Reference 41

5.1 More About Dynamic C .....................................................................................................................41

5.2 Dynamic C Function Calls................................................................................................................43

5.2.1 Digital I/O...................................................................................................................................43

5.2.2 Serial Communication Drivers...................................................................................................43

5.2.3 SRAM Use.................................................................................................................................. 43

5.2.4 Prototyping Board Functions......................................................................................................45

5.2.4.1 Board Initialization............................................................................................................ 45

5.2.4.2 Alerts.................................................................................................................................. 46

5.2.5 Analog Inputs (RCM4000 only).................................................................................................47

5.3 Upgrading Dynamic C .......................................................................................................................61

5.3.1 Add-On Modules........................................................................................................................61

Chapter 6. Using the TCP/IP Features 63

6.1 TCP/IP Connections...........................................................................................................................63

6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses.........................................................................................................65

6.2.1 IP Addresses Explained..............................................................................................................67

6.2.2 How IP Addresses are Used.......................................................................................................68

6.2.3 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses.................................................................................69

6.3 Placing Your Device on the Network ................................................................................................70

6.4 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs....................................................................................................71

6.4.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs.....................................................................72

6.4.2 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect....................................................................73

6.5 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program................................................................................................74

6.6 Running Additional Sample Programs With Direct Connect............................................................74

6.7 Where Do I Go From Here?...............................................................................................................75

Appendix A. RCM4000 Specifications 77

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics ........................................................................................78

A.1.1 A/D Converter...........................................................................................................................82

A.1.2 Headers......................................................................................................................................83

A.2 Rabbit 4000 DC Characteristics........................................................................................................84

A.3 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit.............................................................................................85

A.4 Bus Loading ......................................................................................................................................85

A.5 Conformal Coating............................................................................................................................88

A.6 Jumper Configurations......................................................................................................................89

Appendix B. Prototyping Board 91

B.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 92

B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features.......................................................................................................93

B.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Layout.................................................................................................95

B.3 Power Supply.....................................................................................................................................96

B.4 Using the Prototyping Board.............................................................................................................97

B.4.1 Adding Other Components........................................................................................................99

B.4.2 Measuring Current Draw...........................................................................................................99

B.4.3 Analog Features (RCM4000 only)..........................................................................................100

B.4.3.1 A/D Converter Inputs...................................................................................................... 100

B.4.3.2 Thermistor Input............................................................................................................. 102

B.4.3.3 A/D Converter Calibration.............................................................................................. 102

RabbitCore RCM4100

B.4.4 Serial Communication..............................................................................................................103

B.4.4.1 RS-232............................................................................................................................. 104

B.5 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations ......................................................................................105

Appendix C. Power Supply 109

C.1 Power Supplies.................................................................................................................................109

C.1.1 Battery-Backup Circuits...........................................................................................................109

C.1.2 Reset Generator........................................................................................................................110

Notice to Users 111

Index 113

Schematics 117

User’s Manual

RabbitCore RCM4100

1. INTRODUCTION

The RCM4000 series of RabbitCore modules is one of the next generation of core modules that tak e advantage of n ew Rabbit

4000 features such as hardware DMA, clock speeds of up to 60 MHz, I/O lines shared with up to five serial ports and four levels of alternate pin functions that include variable-phase PWM, auxiliary I/O, quadrature decoder, and input capture. Coupled with more than 500 new opcode instructions that help to reduce code size and improve processing speed , this equates to a core module tha t is fast, efficien t, and the id eal soluti on for a wide range of embedded applications. The RCM4000 also features an integrated 10 Bas e-T Et hern et po r t.

The Development Kit has the essentials that you need to design your own microprocessor-based system, and includes a com-

plete Dynamic C softw are development system. Th is Development Kit also contains a Prototyping Board that will al low you to evaluate the RCM4000 and to prototype circuits that interface to the RCM4000 module. You will also be able to write and test software for the RCM4000 modules.

Throughout this manual, the term RCM4000 refers to the complete series of RCM4000 RabbitCore modules unless other production models are referred to specifically.

The RCM4000 has a Rabbit 4000 microprocessor operating at up to 58.98 MHz, static RAM, flash memory, NAND flash mass-storage option, an 8-channel A/D converter, two clocks (main oscillator and timekeeping), and the circuitry necessary for reset and management of battery backup of the Rabbit 4000’s internal real-time clock and the static RAM. One 50-pin header brings out the Rabbit 4000 I/O bus lines, parallel ports, A/D converter channels, and serial ports.

The RCM4000 receives its +3.3 V power from the customer-supplied motherboard on which it is mounted. The RCM4000 can interface with all kinds of CMOS-compatible digital devices through the motherboard.

User’s Manual 1

1.1 RCM4000 Features

• Small size: 1.84" × 2.42" × 0.77" (47 mm × 61 mm × 20 mm)

• Microprocessor: Rabbit 4000 running

at 58.98 MHz

• Up to 29 general-purpose I/O lines configurable with up to four alternate functions

• 3. 3 V I/O li nes wi th low-p ow er mo des down t o 2 kH z

•

Five CMOS-compatible serial ports — f

our ports are configurable as a clocked serial

ports (SPI), and one port is configurable as an SDLC/HDLC serial port.

• Combinations of up to eight single-ended or four differential 12-bit analog inputs (RCM4000 only)

• Alternate I/O bus can be configured for 8 data lines and 6 address lines (shared with parallel I/O lines), I/O read/write

• 512K flash memory, 512K SRAM, with a fixed mass-storage flash-memory option that may be used with the standardized directory structure supported by the Dynamic C F AT File System module

• Real-time clock

• Watchdog supervisor

There are two RCM4000 production models. T able 1 summarizes their main features.

Table 1. RCM4000 Features

Feature RCM4000 RCM4010

Microprocessor SRAM 512K

Flash Memory (program) 512K Flash Memory

(mass data storage) A/D Converter 12 bits —

Serial P orts

32 Mbytes (NAND flash) —

5 shared high-speed, CMOS-compatible ports:

5 are configurable as asynchronous serial ports; 4 are configurable as clocked serial ports (SPI); 1 is configurable as an SDLC/HDLC serial port; 1 asynchronous serial port is used during programming 1 asynchronous serial po rt is ded i cated fo r A /D co nver ter (R CM40 00)

Rabbit® 4000 at 58.98 MHz

The RCM4000 is programmed ov er a stan dard PC seri al port th rough a programmi ng cable supplied with t he Develo pment K it, and can also be program ed throug h a USB po rt with an RS-232/USB convert er or over an Ethe rnet with the R abbitLink (both available from Rabbit Semiconductor ).

Appendix A provides detailed specifications for the RCM4000.

2 RabbitCore RCM4000

1.2 Advantages of the RCM4000

• Fast time to market using a fully engineered, “ready-to-run/ready-to-program” microprocessor core.

• Competit ive pr ici ng when c ompar ed with the alternative of purchasing and assembling individual components.

• Easy C-language program development and debugging

• Rabbit Field Utility to download compiled Dynamic C .bin files, and cloning board

options for rapid production loading of programs.

• Generous memory size allows large programs with tens of thousands of lines of code, and substantial data storage.

User’s Manual 3

1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools

1.3.1 RCM4000 Development Kit

The RCM4000 Development Kit contains the hardware essentials you will need to use your RCM4000 module. The items in the Development Kit and their use are as follows.

• RCM4010 module.

• Prototyping Board.

• AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A. (Included only with Development Kits sold for the North

American market. A header plug leading to bare leads is provided to allow overseas users to connect their own power supply with a DC output of 8–24 V at 8 W.)

• 10-pin header to DE9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.

• 10-pin header to DB9 serial cable.

• Dynamic C® CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.

• Getting Started instructions.

• A bag of accessory parts for use on the Prototyping Board.

• Rabbit 4000 Processor Easy Reference poster.

• Registration card.

Programming

DIAG

PROG

RabbitCore RCM4000

Development Kit Contents

The RCM4000 Development Kit contains the following items:

• RCM4000 module.

• Prototyping Board.

• AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A. (Included only with Development Kits sold for the North American market. A

header plug leading to bare leads is provided to allow overseas users to connect their own power supply with a DC output of 8–30 V.)

• 10-pin header to DB9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.

• 10-pin header to DB9 serial cable.

• Dynamic C

CD-ROM, with complete product documen-

tation on disk.

• Getting Started instructions.

• A bag of accessory parts for use on the Prototyping

Board.

• Rabbit 4000 Processor Easy Reference poster.

• Registration card.

Getting Started

Instructions

Getting Started

Cable

A Digi International® Company.

Installing Dynamic C

Insert the CD from the Development Kit in your PC’s CD-ROM drive. If the installation does not auto-start, run the program in the root directory of the Dynamic C CD. Install any Dynamic C modules after you install Dynamic C.

Rabbit Semiconductor, Rabbit, Z-World, and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of their respective holders.

setup.exe

AC Adapter

(North American

kits only)

Accessory Parts for

Prototyping Board

Serial Cable

PWR

R 1

DS1

GND

1 D

1 P

JP16 JP6

C18

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

C16

JP7 JP18 JP9

JP10

9 1

R25

C15

6 2 R

PC3

PC5

RX43

TP2

RX97

RX57

RX55

RX49

R13

C10

C11

C12

C13

C14

R10

C15

R11

C16

R12

X U

R20

JP4

UX3

JP5

JP6

C20

PC7

R29

PE1

3 1 P

PE3

R20

R19

PE5

PE6

R10

PD0

R8R6R4R3R5R

PE7

LN0

R37

PD1

R21

PD2

C53

LN1

LN2

1 1

C8C7C

PD4

PD3

C6C7R4

LN4

LN3

R41

PD6

PD5

LN6

LN5

RX59

JP3

PD7

CVT

LN7

1 6

C17

VREF

AGND

C18

C52

C56

X R

R23

R22

C21

2 U

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

D N I

2 1

1 1

+5 V

2 P

GND

/RST_OUT

/IORD

+3.3 V

RCM1

/IOWR

/RST_IN

VBAT

PA0

EXT

PA1

PA2

PA3

PA4

PA5

PA6

PA7

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

8 X R

RX75

CX25

DS2

JP25

9 2

CX27

RX73

X C

RX77

RX79

CX23

DS3

R21

UX16

R22

R24

R23

GND

S3S2

BT1

RESET

UX49

UX47

RX83

RX11

4 X U

UX10

7 1

RX67

X C

UX12

UX14

UX4

D N G

4 J

9 2

RX81

7 8 X R

4 X C

3 X C

UX30

Prototyping Board

Figure 1. RCM4000 Development Kit

4 RabbitCore RCM4000

1.3.2 Software

The RCM4000 is programmed using version 10.03 or later of Dynamic C. A compatible

version is included on the Development Kit CD-ROM.

Rabbit Semiconductor also offers add-on Dynamic C modules containing the popular µC/OS-II real-time operating system, as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and other select libraries. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephone-based technical support module is also available for purchase. Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com or contact your Rabbit Semiconductor sales representative or authorized distributor for further information.

1.3.3 Onlin e Documentation

The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the documentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the menu. If the icon is missing, use your browser to find and load default.htm in the docs folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.

The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download from our Web sites as well.

User’s Manual 5

6 RabbitCore RCM4000

2. GETTING S TARTED

This chapter describes the RCM4000 hardware in more detail, and explains how to set up and use the accompanying Prototyping Board.

NOTE: This chapter (and thi s manual) assume that you have t he RCM4000 Development

Kit. If you purchased an RCM4000 module by itself, you will have to adapt the information in this chapter and elsewhere to your test and development setup.

2.1 Install Dynamic C

To develop and de bug pr ogram s for the RCM400 0 (a nd for a ll o ther Rabbit Se micond ucto r hardware), you must install and use Dynamic C.

If you have not yet installed Dynamic C version 10.03 (or a later version), do so now by inserting the Dynamic C CD from the RCM4000 Development Kit in your PC’ s CD-ROM drive. If autorun is enabled, the CD installation will begin automatically.

If autorun is disabled or the installation does not start, use the Windows Start | Run menu or Windows Disk Explorer to launch setup.exe from the root folder of the CD-ROM.

The installation program will guide you through the installation process. Most steps of the process are self-explanatory.

Dynamic C uses a COM (serial ) port to communica te with the tar get deve lopment sy stem. The installation allows you to choose the COM port that will be used. The default selection is COM1. You may select any available port for Dynamic C’s use. If you are not certain which port is available, select COM1. This selection can be changed later within Dynamic C.

NOTE: The installation utility does not check the selected COM port in any way. Speci-

fying a port in u se by a not her device (mouse, modem, et c.) may l ea d t o a message such as

"could not open serial port" when Dynamic C is started.

Once your installation is complete, you will have up to three new icons on your PC desktop. One icon is for Dynamic C, one opens the documentation menu, and the third is for the Rabbit Field Utility, a tool used to download precompiled software to a target system.

If you have purchased any of the optional Dynamic C modules, install them after installing Dynamic C. The modules may be installed in any order. You must install the modules in the same directory where Dynamic C was installed.

User’s Manual 7

2.2 Hardware Connections

There are three steps to connecting the Prototyping Board for use with Dynamic C and the sample programs:

1. Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development.

2. Attach the RCM4000 module to the Prototyping Board.

3. Connect the programming cable between the RCM4000 and the PC.

4. Connect the power supply to the Prototyping Board.

2.2.1 Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development

Snap in four of the plastic standoffs supplied in the bag of accessory parts from the Development Kit in the holes at the corners as shown.

PWR

R 1

DS1

GND

1 D

C18

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

C16

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

R25

C15

R29

JP11JP15JP19JP21JP22

R20

R18R16R14R13R15R

R10

RX43

47 X R

RX97

RX49

X33U

X 89 X

UX3

R8R6R4R3R5R

C8C7C

C14C12C

JP24JP

RX59

RX57

RX55

41 X U

42 X U

37 X U

LN7

VREF

63 X R

GND

JP 3

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP20

JP17

PE1

PE3

R19

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3 LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

D N

2 U

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

F E

7INLN5INLN3INLN1IN

6INLN4INLN2INLN0IN

/RST_OUT

RCM1

/IOWR

VBAT EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB2

PB3

PB4

PB5

PB6

PB7

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2 LN2

N G A

D N G

2 R

3.3 V +

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

RX75

CX25

DS2

JP25

12 R

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

CX27

RX73

R23

RX79

RX77

CX23

DS3

R21

R22

R24

GND

R27R

GND

S3S2

BT1

RESET

UX49

UX4

RX81

87 X R

RX83

39 X C

RX11

X45 U

RX67

X17

UX14

29 X

UX16

GND

UX30

UX10

UX12

R C

X41

Figure 2. Insert Standoffs

8 RabbitCore RCM4000

2.2.2 Attach Module to Prototyping Board

Turn the RCM4000 module so that the mounting holes line up with the corresponding holes on the Prototyping Board. Insert a standoff between the upper mounting hole and the Prototyping Board as shown, then insert the module’s header J3 on the bottom side into socket RCM1 on the Prototyping Board.

R34

Insert standoff between upper mounting hole and Prototyping Board.

RCM4000/ RCM4010

Line up mounting holes with holes on Prototyping Board.

C12

C11

R20

ACT

DS1

R36

DS2

LINK

R37

C47

C48

C72

C49

C50

C51

C52

R47

C54

C66

R46

U17

R48

C55

U18

C71

C41

R35

R24

C33

R25

C42

C34

C43

C35

C24 C25

C27

C53

C45

C46

C56

R31

R33

C31

C32

C44

R29

C36

R26

R30

R27

C38

R32

R28

JP4

C14

C15

C16

C18

C20

C26

C28

C29

C30

RP2

R43

C13

C10

R51

JP1

R10

JP2

JP3

C22

C23

RX43

RX47

RX97

PWR

DS1

GND

RCM1

JP16

JP6

C18

JP5

C17

JP12

JP4 JP3

RCM1

JP14

JP8

C16

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C19 C20

R25

C15

R26

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R10

R8R6R4R3R5

C8C7C9

C14

C12

C10

JP24

JP23

RX59

RX57

RX55

RX49

UX41

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

RX61

RX65

UX37 UX42

RX63

/RST_OUT

C11

JP1

+3.3 V

JP2

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

JP17

PE1

JP13

PE3

R19

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

C13

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

UX47

+5 V

GND

/IORD

+3.3 V

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0 LN0

PD2 LN2

PD4 LN4

PD6 LN6

CVT

AGND

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

CVT

AGND

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

BT1

UX49

RX75

RX73

CX25

DS2

JP25

R12

R11

RESET

UX4

CX27

RX77

CX23

DS3

R21

R23

R27

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

RX81

RX83

RX11

UX45

RX67

RX85

RX79

R22

R24

R28

GND

S3S2

UX29

RX87

CX41

CX39

UX30

UX10

CX17

UX12

UX14

CX29

UX16

GND

Figure 3. Install the Module on the Prototyping Board

NOTE: It is important that you line up the pins on header J3 of the module exactly with

socket RCM1 on the Pr ototyp ing Boa rd. The header pins may bec ome bent or da maged if the pin alignment is offse t, and the module will not work. Permanent electrical damage to the module may also result if a misaligned module is powered up.

Press the module’s pins gently into the Prototyping Board socket—press down in the area above the header pins—and “snap” the standoff into the mounting holes.

User’s Manual 9

2.2.3 Connect Programming Cable

The programming cable connects the module to the PC running Dynamic C to download programs and to monitor the module during debugging.

Connect the 10-pin connector of the programming cable labeled PROG to header J1 on the RCM4000 as shown in Figure 4. Be sure to orient the marked (usually red) edge of the cable towards pin 1 of the connector. (Do not use the DIAG connector , which is used for a normal serial connection.)

AC Adapter

3-pin

power connector

Programming

Cable

Colored

Blue

PC COM port

shrink wrap

PROG

edge

PWR

DS1

R20

ACT

LINK

C66

R46

U17

DS1

C41

R36

R35

DS2

R37

R25

C42

C34

C47

C43

C35

C48

C72

C49

C50

C51

C52

R47

RX43

C54

C53

RX47

R48

C55

U18

C45

C46

R29

C44

C56

RX97

C71

RX49

R30

R31

R33

R32

JP4

RX89

GND

DIAG

R34

C12

C11

C14

C15

R7 R6

JP16

JP6

C18

JP5

C16

C17

JP12

JP4

C13

JP3

JP14

C10

JP8

C16

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C18

C19 C20

C20

R25

JP1

JP2

C15

R26

R24

C33

C24

R29

C25

C26

C27

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

R20

C28

R18

R16

R14

R13

R10

C29

R8R6R4R3R5

C30

C31

C8C7C9

C14

C12

C10

C32

JP24

JP23

RP2

C36

RX59

R26

RX57

RX55

UX41

UX33UX31

R27

C38

C22

C23

R43

R28

UX37 UX42

UX3

RX63

R51

JP3

GND

RCM1

JP20

R15

JP1

/RST_OUT

PROG

JP17

R17

C11

RX61

RX65

+3.3 V

JP2

/IOWR

VBAT R1

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

R10

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

JP13

PE3

R19

PE5

PE7

PD1 LN1

C13

PD3 LN3

PD5 LN5

PD7 LN7

VREF

UX47

+5 V

GND

/IORD

+3.3 V

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0 LN0

PD2 LN2

PD4 LN4

PD6 LN6

CVT

AGND

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

CVT

AGND

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

RESET

BT1

RESET

UX49

UX4

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

RX81

RX83

RX11

RX67

RX75

CX25

DS2

JP25

AGND

R12

R11

LN0IN

RX85

CX27

RX73

RX77

RX79

CX23

DS3

R21

R22

R24

R23

R27

R28

GND

S3S2

UX29

RX87

CX41

CX39

UX30

UX45

UX10

CX17

UX12

UX14

CX29

UX16

GND

Figure 4. Connect Programming Cable and Power Supply

NOTE: Be sure to use the pro gramming c able (p art numbe r 10 1-0542) suppli ed with this

Development Kit—the programming cable has blue shrink wrap around the RS-232 converter section located in the middle of the cable. Programming cables with red or clear shrink wrap from other Z-World or Rabbit Semiconductor kits ar e not designe d to work with RCM4000 modules.

Connect the other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC.

NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use

an RS-232/USB converter (Part No. 540-0070) with the programming cable supplied with the RCM4000 Development Kit. Note that not all RS-232/USB converters work with Dynamic C.

10 RabbitCore RCM4000

2.2.4 Connect Power

Once all the other connections have been made, you can connect power to the Prototyping Board. Connect the AC adapter to 3-pin header J1 on the Prototyping Board as shown in Figure 4 above. The connector may be attached either way as long as it is not offset to one side—the center pin of J1 is always connected to the positive terminal, and either edge pin is ground.

Plug in the AC adapter. The PWR LED on the Prototyping Board next to the power connector at J1 should light up. The RCM4000 and the Prototyping Board are now ready to be used.

NOTE: A RESET button is provided on the Protot yping Boar d next to t he batter y holder

to allow a hardware reset without disconnecting power.

Other Power-Supplies

Development Kits sold outside North America include a header connector that may be used to connect your power supply to 3-pin header J1 on the Prototyping Board. The power supply should deliver 8 V–30 V DC at 8 W.

User’s Manual 11

2.3 Run a Sample Program

If you already have Dynamic C installed, you are now ready to test your programming connections by running a sample program. Start Dynamic C by double-clicking on the Dynamic C icon or by double-clicking on dcrab_XXXX.exe in the Dynamic C root directory, where XXXX are version-specific characters.

If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the RCM4000, choose Options >

Project Options

tab. You may have to determine which COM port was assigned to the RS-232/USB converter.

2.3.1 Run a Sample Program

Find the file PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C SAMPLES folder. To run the program, open it with the File menu, comp ile it us ing th e Compile menu, and then run it by selecting

Run in the Run menu. The STDIO window will open on your PC and will display a small

square bouncing around in a box.

2.3.2 Troubleshooting

If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communication error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.

and select “Use USB to Serial Converter” under the Communications

• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >

Communications

menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.

If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.

• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >

Communications

menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.

If you receive the message No Rabbit Processor Detected, the programming cable may be connected to the wrong COM port, a connection may be faulty, or the target system may not be powered up. First, check to see that the power LED on the Prototyping Board is lit and that the jumper across pins 5–6 of header JP10 on the Prototyping B oard is installed. If the LED is lit, check both ends of the programming cable to ensure that it is firmly plugged into the PC and the programming port on the Prototyping Board. Ensure that the module is firmly and correctly installed in its connectors on the Prototyping Board.

If there are no faults with the hardware, select a different COM port within Dynamic C. From the Options menu, select Project Options, then select Communications. Select another COM port from the list, then click OK. Press <Ctrl-Y> to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C still re ports it is unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate the active COM port.You should receive a message Bios compiled successfully once this step is completed successfully.

12 RabbitCore RCM4000

2.4 Where Do I Go From Here?

If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to the sample programs in Chapter 3 and to develop your own applications. The sample programs

fied for your own use. The user's manual also provides complete hardware reference infor-

mation and software function calls for the RCM4000 and the Prototyping Board.

For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C User’s Manual, also in the online documentation set.

2.4.1 Technical Support

NOTE: If you purchased your RCM4000 through a d ist ri buto r or thr ough a Rabbit Semi-

conductor or Z-World partner, contact t he di stributor or partner first for technical support.

If there are any problems at this point:

• Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.

• Check the Rabbit Semiconductor/Z-World Technical Bulletin Board at

www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.

• Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit .com/sup port/ .

can be easily modi-

User’s Manual 13

14 RabbitCore RCM4000

3. RUNNING SAMPLE PROGRAMS

To develop and debug programs for the RC M4000 (and for all other Z-World and Rabbit Semiconductor hardware), you must install and use Dynamic C. This chapter provides a tour of its major features with respect to the RCM4000.

3.1 Introduction

To help familiarize you with the RCM4000 modules, Dynamic C includes several sample programs. Loading, executing and studying these programs will give you a solid hands-on overview of the RCM4000’s capabilities, as well as a quick start with Dynamic C as an application development tool.

NOTE:

In order to run the sample programs discussed in this chapter and elsewhere in this manual,

1. Your module must be plugged in to the Prototyping Board as described in Chapter 2, “Getting Started.”

2. Dynamic C must be installed and running on your PC.

3. The programming cable must connect the programming header on the module to your PC.

4. Power must be applied to the module through the Prototyping Board.

Refer to Chapter 2, “Getting Started,” if you need further information on these steps. To run a sample program, open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), then compile

and run it by pressing F9. Each sample program has comments that describe the purpose and function of the pro-

gram. Follow the instructions at the beginning of the sample program. More complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.

The sample progr ams assum e that you have at lea st an el ementa ry gr asp of ANS I C.

If you do not, see the introductory pages of the Dynamic C User’s Manual for a sug- gested reading list.

User’s Manual 15

3.2 Sample Programs

Of the many sample programs included with Dynamic C, several are specific to the RCM4000 modules. These programs will be found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000 folder.

• CONTROLLED.C—Demonstrates use of the digital outputs by having you turn LEDs

DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board on or off from the STDIO window on your PC. Parallel Port B bit 2 = LED DS2

Parallel Port B bit 3 = LED DS3 Once you compile and run CONTROLLED.C, the following display will appear in the

Dynamic C STDIO window.

Press “2” or “3” on your keyboard to select LED DS2 or DS3 on the Prototyping Board. Then follow the prompt in the Dynamic C STDIO window to turn the LED ON or OFF. A logic low will light up the LED you selected.

• FLASHLED1.C—demonstrates the use of assembly language to flash LEDs DS2 and

DS3 on the Prototyping Board at different rates. Once you have compiled and run this program, LEDs DS2 and DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.

• FLASHLED2.C—demonstrates the use of cofunctions and costatements to flash LEDs

DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board at different rates. Once you have compiled and run this program, LEDs DS2 and DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.

16 RabbitCore RCM4000

• LOW_POWER.C—demonstrates how to implement a function in RAM to reduce power

consumption by the Rabbit microprocessor . There are four features that lead to the lowest possible power draw by the microprocessor.

1. Run the CPU from the 32 kHz crystal.

2. Turn off the high-frequency crystal oscillator.

3. Run from RAM.

4. Ensure that internal I/O instructions do not use CS0.

Once you are ready to compile and run this sample program, use <Alt-F9> instead of just F9. This will disable polling, which will allow Dynamic C to continue debugging once the target starts running off the 32 kHz oscillator.

This sample program will toggle LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board. You may use an oscilloscope. DS2 will blink the fastest. After switching to low power , both LEDs will blink together.

• TAMPERDETECTION.C—demonstrates how to detect an attempt to enter the bootstrap

mode. When an attempt is detected, the battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM on the Rabbit 4000 is erased. This battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM can be useful to store data such as an AES encryption key from a remote location.

This sample program shows how to load and read the battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM and how to enable a visual indicator.

Once this sample is compiled running (you have pressed the F9 key while the sample program is open), remove the programming cable and press the reset button on the Prototyping Board to reset the module. LEDs DS2 and DS3 will be flashing on and off.

Now press switch S2 to load the battery-backed RAM with the encryption key. The LEDs are now on continuously. Notice that the LEDs will stay on even when you press the reset button on the Prototyping Board.

Reconnect the programming cable briefly and unplug it again. The LEDs will be flashing because the battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM has been erased. Notice that the LEDs will continue flashing even when you press the reset button on the Prototyping Board.

You may press switch S2 again and repeat the last steps to watch the LEDs.

• TOGGLESWITCH.C—demonstrates the use of costatements to detect switch presses

using the press-and-release method of debouncing. LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board are turned on and off when you press switches S2 and S3. S2 and S3 are controlled by PB4 and PB5 respectively.

Once you have loaded and executed these five programs and have an understanding of how Dynamic C and the RCM4000 modules interact, you can move on and try the other sample programs, or begin building your own.

User’s Manual 17

3.2.1 Use of NAND Flash (RCM4000 only)

The following sample programs can be found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\NANDFlash folder.

• NFLASH_DUMP.c—This program is a utility for dumping the nonerased contents of a

NAND flash chip to the Dynamic C

STDIO window, and the contents may be redi-

rected to a serial port. When the sample program starts running, it attempts to communicate with the user-

selected NAND flash chip. If this communication is successful and the main page size is acceptable, the nonerased page contents (non 0xFF) from the NAND flash page are dumped to the Dynamic C STDIO win.for inspection.

Note that an error message might appear when the first 32 pages (0x20 pages) are “dumped.” You may ignore the error message.

• NFLASH_INSPECT.c—This program is a utility for inspecting the contents of a

NAND flash chip. When the sample program starts running, it attempts to communicate with the NAND flash chip selected by the user . Once a NAND flash chip is found, the user can execute various commands to print out the contents of a specified page, clear (set to zero ) all the bytes in a s pecified pag e, erase (set to FF), or write to specified pages.

CAUTION: When you run this sample program, enabling the #define

NFLASH_CANERASEBADBLOCKS macro makes it possi ble t o write to bad blocks.

• NFLASH_LOG.c—This program runs a simple Web server and stores a log of hits in

the NAND flash. This log can be viewed and cleared from a browser by connecting the RJ-45 jack on the

RCM4000 to your PC as described in Section 6.1. The sidebar on the next page explains how to set up your PC or notebook to view this log.

18 RabbitCore RCM4000

Follow these instructions to set up your PC or notebook. Check with your administrator if you are unable to change the settings as described here since you may need administrator privileges. The instructions are specifically for Windows 2000, but the interface is similar for other versions of Windows.

TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC

from that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings before changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the sample programs and reconnect your PC to the network.

1. Go to the control panel (Start > Settings > Control Panel), and then double-click the Network icon.

2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use (e.g., TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Properties” button. Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may have to select the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties” button to bring up the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface card for a “10Base-T Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the “Advanced” tab.

NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.

3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Address, or select TCP/IP and click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable “obtain an IP address automatically”):

IP Address : 10.10.6.101 Netmask : 255.255.255.0 Default gateway : 10.10.6.1

4. Click <OK> or <Close> to exit the various dialog boxes.

As long as you have not modified the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program, enter the following server address in your Web browser to bring up the Web page served by the sample program.

http://10.10.6.100

Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. This sample program does not exhibit ideal behavior in its method of writing to the

NAND flash. However, the inefficiency attributable to the small amount o f data written in each append operation is offset somewhat by the expected relative infrequency of these writes, and by the sample program's method of “walking” through the flash blocks when appending data as well as when a log is cleared.

• NFLASH_ERASE.c—This program is a utility to erase all the good blocks on a NAND

flash chip. When the program starts running, it attempts to establish communication with the NAND flash chip selected by the user. If the communication is successful, the progress in erasing the blocks is displayed in the Dynamic C STDIO window as the blocks are erased.

User’s Manual 19

3.2.2 Serial Co mmunication

The following sample programs are found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\SERIAL folder.

• FLOWCONTROL.C—This program demonstrates how to configure Serial Port D for CTS/RTS with serial data coming from Serial Port C (TxC) at 115,200 bps. The serial data received are displayed in the STDIO window.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxD together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie TxC and RxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

RxC TxC

TxD RxD

GND

shown in the diagram. A repeating triangular pattern should print out in the STDIO window.

The program will periodically switch flow control on or of f to demonstrate the ef fect of no flow control.

If you have two Prototyping Boards with modules, run this sample program on the sending board, then disconnect the programming cable and reset the sending board so that the module is operating in the Run mode. Connect TxC, TxD, and GND on the sending board to RxC, RxD, and GND on the other board, then, with the programming cable attached to the other module, run the sample program.

• PARITY.C—This program demonstrates the use of parity modes by

RxC

TxD

TxC

RxD GND

repeatedly sending byte values 0–127 from Serial Port C to Serial Port D. The program will switch between generating parity or not on Serial Port C. Serial Port D will always be checking parity, so parity errors should occur during every other sequence.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxC and RxD together on the RS-232 header at J4 using one of the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as shown in the diagram.

The Dynamic C STDIO window will display the error sequence.

• SIMPLE3WIRE.C—This program demonstrates basic RS-232 serial communication. Lower case characters are sent by TxC, and are received by RxD. The characters are converted to upper case and are sent out by TxD, are received by RxC, and are displayed in the

RxC TxC

TxD RxD

Dynamic C STDIO window. To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxC together on the

RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie RxD and TxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as shown in the diagram.

GND

20 RabbitCore RCM4000

• SIMPLE5WIRE.C—This program demonstrates 5-wire RS-232 serial communication with flow control on Serial Port D and data flow on Serial Port C.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxD together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie TxC and RxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

RxC TxC

TxD RxD

GND

shown in the diagram. Once you have compiled and run this program, you can test flow con-

trol by disconnecting TxD from RxD while the program is running. Characters will no longer appear in the STDIO window, and will display again once TxD is connected back to RxD.

• SWITCHCHAR.C—This program demonstrates transmitting and then receiving an ASCII string on Serial Ports C and D. It also displays the serial data received from both ports in the STDIO window.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxC together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie RxD and TxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as shown in the diagram.

RxC TxC

TxD RxD

GND

Once you have compiled and run this program, press and release switches S2 and S3 on the Prototyping Board. The data sent between the serial ports will be displayed in the STDIO window.

User’s Manual 21

3.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs (RCM4000 only)

The following sample programs are found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\ADC folder.

• AD_CAL_CHAN.C—Demonstrates how to recalibrate one single-ended analog input channel with one gain using two known voltages to generate the calibration constants for that channel. The constants will be rewritten into the user block data area.

Connect a positive voltage to an analog input channel on the Prototyping Board, and connect the ground to GND. Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage, and follow the instruc-

tions in the Dynamic C STDIO window. Remember that analog input LN7 on the Prototyping Board is used with the thermistor and should not be used with this sample program.

NOTE: The above sample program will overwrite any existing calibration constants.

• AD_RDVOLT_ALL.C—Demonstrates how to read all single-ended A/D input channels

using previously defined calibration constants. Coefficients are read from the simulated EEPROM in the flash memory to compute equivalent voltages, and cannot be run in RAM.

• AD_SAMPLE.C—Demonstrates how to how to use a low level driver on single-ended inputs. The program will continuously display the voltage (averaged over 10 samples) that is present on the A/D converter channels (except LN7). Coefficients are read from the simulated EEPROM in the flash memory to compute equivalent voltages, so the sample program cannot be run in RAM.

Compile and run this sample program once you have connected a positive voltage from 0–20 V DC to an analog input (except LN7) on the Prototyping Board, and ground to GND. Follow the prompts in the Dynamic C STDIO window. Computed raw data and equivalent voltages will be displayed. If you attach a voltmeter between the analog input and ground, you will be able to observe that the voltage in the Dynamic C STDIO window tracks the voltage applied to the analog input as you vary it.

• THERMISTOR.C— Demonstrates how to use analog input LN7 to calculate temperature for display to the STDIO window. This sample program assumes that the thermistor is the one included in the Development Kit whose values for beta, series resistance, and resistance at standard temperature are given in the part specification.

Install the thermistor at location JP25 on the Prototyping Board before running this sample program.

3.2.4 Real-Time Clock

If you plan to use the real-time clock functionality in your application, you will need to set the real-time clock. Set the real-time clock using the SETRTCKB.C sample program from the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder, using the onscreen prompts. The

RTC_TEST.C sample program in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder provides

additional examples of how to read and set the real-time clock.

22 RabbitCore RCM4000

4. HARDWARE REFERENCE

Chapter 4 describes the hardware components and principal hardware subsystems of the RCM40 00. Appendix A, “RC M4000 Specific ations,” provides complete physical and electrical specifications.

Figure 5 shows the Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the RCM4000.

Ethernet

SRAM

Program

Flash

NAND

Flash

32 kHz

osc

RABBIT

44.2 MHz osc

4000

A/D Converter

RabbitCore Module

Figure 5. RCM4000 Subsystems

Customer-specific

applications

CMOS-level signals

Level

converter

RS-232, RS-485

serial communication

drivers on motherboard

User’s Manual 23

4.1 RCM4000 Digital Inputs and Outputs

Figure 6 shows the RCM4000 pinouts for header J3.

+3.3 V_IN

/RESET_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT_EXT

PA1 PA3 PA5

PA7 PB1 PB3 PB5 PB7 PC1 PC3 PC5 PC7 PE1 PE3

PE5/SMODE0

PE7/STATUS

LN1

LN3

LN5

LN7

n.c./VREF

n.c. = not connected

These pinouts are as seen on

Note:

the Bottom Side of the module.

GND /IORD /RESET_IN PA0 PA2 PA4 PA6 PB0 PB2 PB4 PB6 PC0 PC2 PC4 PC6 PE0 PE2 PE4 PE6/SMODE1 LN0 LN2 LN4 LN6 CONVERT GND

Figure 6. RCM4000 Pinout

Headers J3 is a standard 2 × 25 IDC header with a nominal 1.27 mm pitch.

24 RabbitCore RCM4000

Figure 7 shows the use of the Rabbit 3000 m icroprocessor ports in t he RCM4000 mo dules.

PC0, PC2

PC1, PC3

PA0PA7

Port A

Port C

(Serial Ports C & D)

PB2PB7

Port B

ABBIT

PD0PD7

Port D

Port E

PE0PE7

4000

Serial Ports E & F

PB1, PC6

PC7, /RES

PC4*

PC5*

PC4 and PC5 are

not available on RCM4100 module.

Programming

Port

(Serial Port A)

A/D Converter (Serial Port B)

RAM

Real-Time Clock

Watchdog

11 Timers

Slave Port

Clock Doubler

Backup Battery

Support

Misc. I/O

Flash

Figure 7. Use of Rabbit 4000 Ports

The ports on the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor used in the RCM4000 are configurable, and so the factory defaults can be reconfigured. Table 2 lists the Rabbit 4000 factory defaults and the alternate configurations.

/RES_IN /IORD

/RESET_OUT, /IOWR, STATUS SMODE0 SMODE1

User’s Manual 25

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

1 +3.3 V_IN 2 GND

3 /RES_OUT Reset output Reset inp ut

4 /IORD Input External read strobe 5 /IOWR Output External write strobe 6 /RESET_IN Input Input to Reset Generator 7 VBAT_EXT Battery input

Slave port data bus

8–15 PA[0:7] Input/Output

16 PB0 Input/Output

17 PB1 Input/Output

18 PB2 Input/Output

19 PB3 Input/Output

(SD7–SD1)

External I/O data bus

(ID7–ID1)

SCLKB External I/O Address IA6

SCLKA External I/O Address IA7

/SWR External I/O Address IA0

/SRD External I/O Address IA1

Reset output from Reset Generator

CLKB (used by RCM4000 A/D converter)

Programming port CLKA

20 PB4 Input/Output

21 PB5 Input/Output

22 PB6 Input/Output

23 PB7 Input/Output

26 RabbitCore RCM4000

SA0 External I/O Address IA2

SA1 External I/O Address IA3

/SCS External I/O Address IA4

/SLAVATN External I/O Address IA5

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (c ontinued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

TXD

24 PC0 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I0 Timer C0 TCLKF

25 PC1 Input/Output

26 PC2 Input/Output

27 PC3 Input/Output

28 PC4 Input/Output

29 PC5 Input/Output

RXD/TXD I/O Strobe I1 Timer C1 RCLKF Input Capture

TXC/TXF I/O Strobe I2 Timer C2

RXC/TXC/RXF I/O Strobe I3 Timer C3 SCLKD Input Capture

TXB I/O Strobe I4 PWM0 TCLKE

RXB/TXB I/O Strobe I5 PWM1 RCLKE Input Capture

Serial Port D

Serial Port C

Serial Port B (used by RCM4000 A/D converter)

TXA/TXE

30 PC6 Input/Output

31 PC7 Input/Output

32 PE0 Input/Output

User’s Manual 27

I/O Strobe I6 PWM2

RXA/TXA/RXE I/O Strobe I7 PWM3 SCLKC Input Capture

I/O Strobe I0 A20 Timer C0 SCLKD/TCLKF INT0 QRD1B

Programming port

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (c ontinued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

I/O Strobe I1 A21 Timer C1

33 PE1 Input/Output

34 PE2 Input/Output

35 PE3 Input/Output

RXD/RCLKF INT1 QRD1A Input Capture

I/O Strobe I2 A22 Timer C2 TXF/SCLKC DREQ0 QRD2B

I/O Strobe I3 A23 Timer C3 RXC/RXF/SCLKD DREQ1 QRD2A Input Capture

36 PE4 Input/Output

37 PE5/SMODE0 Input/Output

38 PE6/SMODE1 Input/Output

39 PE7/STATUS Input/Output

I/O Strobe I4 /A0 INT0 PWM0 TCLKE

I/O Strobe I5 INT1 PWM1 RXB/RCLKE Input Capture

I/O Strobe I6 PWM2 TXE DREQ0

I/O Strobe I7 PWM3 RXA/RXE/SCLKC DREQ1 Input Capture

SMODE0 is the default configuration

SMODE1 is the default configuration

STATUS is the de fault configuration

28 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (c ontinued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

40–47 LN[0:7] Analog Input 48 CONVERT Analog Input

49 VREF

50 GND Ground Analog ground

Analog reference voltage

A/D converter (RCM4000 only)

1.15 V/2.048 V/2.500 V on-chip re f. voltage (RCM4000 only)

4.1.1 Memory I/O Interface

The Rabbit 4000 address lines (A0–A19) and all the data lines (D0–D7) are routed internally to the onboard flash memory and SRAM chips. I/0 write (/IOWR) and I/0 read (/IORD) are available for interfacing to external devices.

Parallel Port A can also be used as an external I/O data bus to isolate external I/O from the main data bus. Parallel Port B pins PB2–PB7 can also be used as an auxiliary address bus.

When using the auxiliary I/O bus for any reason, you must add the following line at the beginning of your program.

#define PORTA_AUX_IO // required to enable auxiliary I/O bus

Selected pins on Parallel Ports D and E as specified in Table 2 may be used for input capture, quadrature decoder, DMA, and pulse-width modulator purposes.

4.1.2 Other Inputs and Outputs

The status and the two SMODE pins, SMODE0 and SMODE1, can be brought out to header J3 instead of PE5–PE7 as explained in Appendix A.6.

/RESET_IN is normally associated with the programming port, but may be used as an external input to reset the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor and the RCM4000 memory. /RESET_OUT is an output from the reset circuitry that can be used to reset other peripheral devices.

User’s Manual 29

4.2 Serial Communication

The RCM4000 module does not have any serial transceivers directly on the board. However, a serial interface may be incorporated on the board the RCM4000 is mounted on. For example, the Prototyping Board has an RS-232 transceiver chip.

4.2.1 Serial Ports

There are five serial ports designated as Serial Ports A, B, C, D, and F. All five serial ports can operate in an asynchronous mode up to the baud rate of the system clock divided by 8. An asynchronous port can handle 7 or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an additional bit is sent to mark the first byte of a message, is also supported.

Serial Port A is normally used as a programming port, but may be used either as an asynchronous or as a clocked serial port once application development has been completed and the RCM4000 is operating in the Run Mode.

Serial Port B is used by the A/D converter, and is not available for other use off the RCM4000, but is available on the RCM4010.

Serial Ports C and D can also be operated in the clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock line synchronously clocks the data in or out. Either of the two communicating devices can supply the clock.

Serial Ports F can also be configured as an SDLC/HDLC serial port. The IrDA protocol is also supported in SDLC format by this serial port.

Table 3 summarizes the possible parallel port pins for the serial ports and their clocks.

Table 3. Rabbit 4000 Serial Port and Clock Pins

TXA PC6, PC7, PD6

Serial P ort A

Serial P ort B

Serial P ort C

RCLKF must be selected to be on the same parallel port as TXF.

RXA PC7, PD7, PE7 RXD PC1, PD1, PE1

SCLKA PB1 SCLKD PD0, PE0, PE3, PC3

TXB PC4, PC5, PD4 RXB PC5, PD5, PE5 RXF PD3, PE3, PC3

SCLKB PB0 RCLKF PD1, PE1, PC1

TXC PC2, PC3 TCLKF PD0, PE0, PC0 RXC PC3, PD3, PE3 TCLKF PD0, PE0, PC0

SCLKC PD2, PE2, PE7, PC7

Serial Port D

Serial Port F

TXD PC0, PC1

TXF PD6, PE6, PC6

30 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.2.2 Ethernet Port

Figure 8 shows the pinout for the RJ-45 Ethernet port (J2). Note that some Ethernet connectors are numbered in reverse to the order used here.

ETHERNET

RJ-45 Plug

RJ-45 Jack

1. E_Tx+

2. E_Tx

3. E_Rx+

6. E_Rx

Figure 8. RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout

Two LEDs are placed next to the RJ-45 Ethernet jack, one to indicate an Ethernet link (LINK) and one to indicate Ethernet activity (ACT).

The RJ-45 connector is shielded to minimize EMI effects to/from the Ethernet signals.

User’s Manual 31

4.2.3 Programming Port

The RCM4000 is programmed via the 10-pin header labeled J1. The programming port uses the Rabbit 4000’ s Serial Port A for commun ication. Dynamic C uses the programming port to download and debug programs.

Serial Port A is also used for the following operations.

• Cold-boot the Rabbit 4000 on the RCM4000 after a reset.

• Remotely download and debug a program over an Ethernet connection using the

RabbitLink EG2110.

• Fast copy designated portions of flash memory from one Rabbit-based board (the master) to another (the slave) using the Rabbit Cloning Board.

Alternate Uses of the Programming Port

All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as

• a synchronous serial port

• an asynchronous serial port, with the clock line usable as a general CMOS I/O pin

The programming port may also be used as a serial port via the DIAG connector on the programming cable.

In addition to Serial Port A, the Rabbit 4000 startup-mode (SMODE0, SMODE1), status, and reset pins are available on the programming port.

The two startup-mode pins determine what happens after a reset—the Rabbit 4000 is either cold-booted or the program begins executing at address 0x0000.

The status pin is used by Dynamic C to determine whether a Rabbit microprocessor is present. The status output has three different programmable functions:

1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.

2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.

3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output once a program has been downloaded and is running.

The reset pin is an external input that is used to reset the Rabbit 4000. Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information.

32 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.3 Programming Cable

The programming cable is used to connect the programming port of the RCM4000 to a PC serial COM port. The programming cable converts the RS-232 voltage levels used by the PC serial port to the CMOS voltage levels used by the Rabbit 4000.

When the

PROG connector on the programming cable is connected to the programming

port on the RCM4000, programs can be downloaded and debugged over the serial interface. The DIAG connector of the pr o g r am m i n g c ab l e m a y b e u s ed on header J 1 o f t h e RCM4000

with the RCM4000 operating in the Run Mode. This allows the programming port to be used as a regular serial port.

4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode

The RCM4000 is automatically in Program Mode when the PROG connector on the programming cable is attached, and is automatically in Run Mode when no programming cable is attached. When the Rabbit 4000 is reset, the operating mode is determined by the status of the SMODE pins. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is attached, the SMODE pins are pulled high, placing the Rabbit 4000 in the Program Mode. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is not attached, the SMODE pins are pulled low, causing the Rabbit 4000 to operate in the Run Mode.

RESET RCM4000 when changing mode:

Press RESET button (if using Prototyping Board), Remove, then reapply power

after removing or attaching programming cable.

3-pin

power connector

Programming

Cable

Colored

edge

Blue

PC COM port

shrink wrap

PROG

Figure 9. Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode

ACT

DS1

C41

R36

R35

DS2

LINK

R37

C42

C47

C43

C48

C72

C49

C50

C51

C52

R47

RX43

C54

C66

C53

R46

U17

RX47

R48

C55

U18

C45

C46

C56

RX97

C71

R31

R33

PWR

DS1

GND

DIAG

C12

C11

R20

C18

C19 C20

C15

R24

C33

R25

C34 C35

R29

C27

C31

C32

R29

C44

C36

R26

RX55

RX49

R30

UX33UX31

R27

C38

R32

R28

JP4

RX89

UX3

JP1

C17

C16

C18

R25

C24 C25

C26

C28

C29

C30

JP24

UX41

R43

UX37 UX42

JP2

/RST_OUT

R34

RCM1

/IOWR

PROG

C14

VBAT R1

C15

RP2

EXT

PA1

PA3

JP16

JP6

PA5

JP5

C16

JP12

PA7

JP4

C13

JP3

JP14

C10

PB1

R51

JP8

JP7

PB3

JP18

JP9

JP10

PB5

PB7

C20

JP1

R10

JP2

PC1

R26

PC3

JP3

PC5

PC7

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

PE1

JP13

PE3

R20

R19

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

PE5

R10

R8R6R4R3R5

PE7

PD1 LN1

C8C7C9

C11

C14

C12

C10

C13

PD3

LN3

JP23

PD5

LN5

RX59

RX57

PD7

LN7

VREF

RX61

C22

C23

RX65

RX63

UX47

+3.3 V

+5 V

GND

/IORD

+3.3 V

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0 LN0

PD2 LN2

PD4 LN4

PD6 LN6

CVT

AGND

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

CVT

AGND

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

RESET

BT1

RESET

UX49

UX4

RXD TXD

GND

RX81

RX83

RX11

UX45

RX67

CX17

RX75

CX25

DS2

JP25

AGND

R12

R11

LN0IN

RX85

CX27

RX73

R23

CX29

RX77

RX79

CX23

DS3

R21

R22

R24

GND

R27

R28

GND

S3S2

TXC RXC

UX29

RX87

CX41

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

GND

User’s Manual 33

A program “runs” in either mode, but can only be downloaded and debugged when the RCM4000 is in the Program Mode.

Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information on the pro- gramming port.

4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM4000

Once the RCM4000 has been programmed successfully, remove the programming cable from the programming connector and reset the RCM4000. The RCM4000 may be reset by removing, then reapplying power, or by pressing the RESET button on the Prototyping Board. The RCM4000 module may now be removed from the Prototyping Board for enduse installation.

CAUTION: Power to the Prototyping Board or other boards should be disconnected

when removing or installing your RCM4000 module to protect against inadvertent shorts across the pins or damage to the RCM4000 if the pins are not plugged in correctly. Do not reapply power until you have verified that the RCM4000 module is plugged in correctly.

34 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.4 A/D Converter (RCM4000 only)

The RCM4000 has an onboard ADS7870 A/D converter whose scaling and filtering are done via the motherboard on which the RCM4000 module is mounted. The A/D converter multiplexes converted signals from eight single-ended or four differential inputs to Serial Port B on the Rabbit 4000.

The eight analog input pins, LN0–LN7, each have an input impedance of 6–7 MΩ, depending on whether they are used as single-ended or differential inputs. The input signal can range from -2 V to +2 V (differential mode) or from 0 V to +2 V (single-ended mode).

Use a resistor divider such as the one shown in Figure 10 for the analog inputs.

LN0

LN1

AGND

Figure 10. Resistor Divider Network for Analog Inputs

ADC

(RCM4000)

ADC

BVREF

The R1 resistors are typically 20 kΩ to 100 kΩ, with a lower resistance leading to more accuracy, but at the expense of a higher current draw. The R0 resistors would then be 180 kΩ to 900 kΩ for a 10:1 attenuator. The capacitor filters noise pulses on the A/D converter input.

The actual voltage range for a signal going to the A/D converter input is also affected by the 1, 2, 4, 5. 8, 10, 16, and 20 V/V software-programmable gains available on each channel of the ADS7870 A/D converter. Thus, you mus t scale the analog signal with an attenuator circuit and a software-programmable gain so that the actual input presented to the A/D converter is within the range limits of the ADS7870 A/D converter chip (-2 V to + 2 V or 0 V to + 2 V).

The A/D converter chip can only accept positive voltages. With the R1 resistors connected to ground, your analog circuit is well-suited to perform positive A/D conversions. When the R1 resistors are tied to ground for differential measurements, both differential inputs must be referenced to analog ground, and both inputs must be positive w ith respect to analog ground.

User’s Manual 35

If a device such as a battery is connected across two channels for a differential measurement, and it is not referenced to analog ground, then the current from the device will flow through both sets of attenuator resistors as shown in Figure 11.

Device

AIN0

AIN1

2.2 nF

R13

R14



LN0

LN1

ADC

This will generate a negative voltage at one of the inputs, LN1, which will almost certainly lead to inaccurate A/D

Figure 11. Current Flow from Ungrounded

or Floating Source

conversions. To make such differential measurements, connect the R1 resistors to the A/D converter’ s internal reference voltage, which is software-configurable for 1.15 V, 2.048 V , or 2.5 V. This internal reference voltage is available on pin 49 of header J3 as VREF, and allows you to convert analog input voltages that are negative with respect to analog ground.

NOTE: The amplifier inside the A/D converter’s internal voltage reference circuit has a

very limited output-current capability. The internal buffer can source up to 20 mA and sink only up to 20 µA. Use a separate buffer amplifier if you need to supply any load current.

The A/D converter’s CONVER T pin is available on pin 48 of header J3 and can be used as a hardware means of forcing the A/D converter to start a conversion cycle. The CONVERT signal is an edge-triggered event and has a hold time of two CCLK periods for debounce.

A conversion is started by an active (rising) edge on the CONVERT pin. The CONVERT pin must stay low for at least two CCLK periods before going high for at least two CCLK periods. Figure 12 shows the timing of a conversion start. The double falling arrow on CCLK indicates the actual start of the conversion cycle.

Conversion starts

CCLK

BUSY

CONV

Figure 12. Timing Diagram for Conversion St art Using CONVERT Pin

Appendix B explains the implementation examples of these features on the Prototyping Board.

36 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.4.1 A/D Converter Power Supply

The analog section is isolated from digital noise generated by other components by way of a low-pass filter composed of C1, L1, and C3 on the RCM4000 as shown in Figure 13. The +V analog power supply powers the A/D converter chip.

+3.3 V

2.2 nF

100 nF

Figure 13. Analog Supply Circuit

User’s Manual 37

4.5 Other Hardware

4.5.1 Clock Doubler

The RCM4000 takes advantage of the Rabbit 4000 microprocess or’s internal clock doubler . A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency crystals to be used to reduce radiated emissions. The 58.98 MHz frequency specified for the RCM4000 is generated using a

29.49 MHz crystal.

The clock doubler may be disabled if 58.98 MHz clock speeds are not required. Disabling the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler will reduce power consumption and further reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a simple global macro as shown below.

1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.

2. Add the line

CLOCK_DOUBLED=0

to always disable the clock doubler.

3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are in the project file where you defined the macro.

4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader

The Rabbit 4000 features a spectrum spreader, which helps to mitigate EMI problems. By default, the spectrum spreader is on automatically, but it may also be turned off or set to a stronger setting. The means for doing so is through a simple global macro as shown below.

1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.

2. For normal spreading, add the line

ENABLE_SPREADER=1

For strong spreading, add the line

ENABLE_SPREADER=2

NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is not recommended since it may limit

the maximum clock speed or the maximum baud rate. It is unlikely that the strong setting will be used in a real application.

3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are in the project file where you defined the macro.

NOTE: Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more informat ion

on the spectrum-spreading setting and the maximum clock speed.

38 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.6 Memory

4.6.1 SRAM

RCM4000 modules have 512K of data SRAM installed at U16.

4.6.2 Flash EPROM

All RCM4000 modules also have 512K of flash EPROM installed at U3.

NOTE: Rabbit Semiconductor rec ommends that any cust omer applica tions should not be

constrained by the sector size of the flash EPROM since it may be necessary to change the sector size in the future.

Writing to arbitrary flash memory addresses at run time is discouraged. Instead, define a “user block” area to store persistent data. The functions writeUserBlock and readUserBlock are provided for this. Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor

Designer’s Handbook

4.6.3 NAND Flash

The RCM4000 model has a NAND flash to store data and W e b pages. The NAND flash is particularly suitable for mass-storage applications, but is generally unsuitable for direct program execution. The NAND flash differs from parallel NOR flash (the type of flash memory used to store program code on Rabbit-based boards and RabbitCore modules currently in production) in two respects. First, the NAND flash requires error-correcting code (ECC) for reliability. Alt hough NAND flash manufacturers do guarantee that block 0 will be error-free, most manufacturers guarantee that a new NAND flash chip will be shipped with a relatively small percentage of e rrors, and will not develop mor e than some maximum number or percentage of errors over its rated lifetime of up to 100,000 writes. Second, the standard NAND flash addressing method multiplexes commands, data, and addresses on the same I/O pins, while requiring that certain control lines must be held stable for the duration of the NAND flash access. The software function calls provided by Rabbit Semiconductor for the NAND flash take care of the data-integrity and reliability attributes.

for additional information.

Sample programs in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\NANDFlash folder illustrate the use of the NAND flash. These sample programs are described in Section 3.2.1, “Use of NAND Flash.”

User’s Manual 39

40 RabbitCore RCM4000

5. SOFTWARE REFERENCE

Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is designed for use with sing le-board computers and other devices based on the Rabbit microprocessor. Chapter 5 describes the libraries and function calls related to the RCM4000.

5.1 More About Dynamic C

Dynamic C has been in use worldwide since 1989. It is specially designed for programming embedded systems, and features quick compile and interactive debugging. A complete reference guide to Dynamic C is contained in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.

You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the static SRAM included on the RCM4000. The flash m emory and SR AM opt ions ar e sele cted with the Options > Program Options > Compiler menu.

The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on the flash memory, which is limited to about 100,000 write cycles. The disadvantage is that the code and data might not both fit in RAM.

NOTE: An application can be compi led di rectl y to the batt ery-b acked d ata SRAM on the

RCM4000 module, but should be run from the program execution SRAM after the serial programming cable is disconnected. Your final code must always be stored in flash memory for reliable operation. RCM4000 modules have a fast program execution SRAM that is not batt er y- back ed. Select the Dynami c C flash and copy it to the fast program execution SRAM at run-time to take advantage of the faster clock speed. This option optimizes the performance of RCM4000 modules running at 58.98 MHz.

NOTE: Do not depend on the flash memory sector size or type in your program logic.

The RCM4000 and Dynamic C were designed to accommodate flash devices with various sector sizes in response to the volatility of the flash-memory market.

Developing software with Dynamic C is simple. Users can write, compile, and test C and assembly code without leaving the Dynamic C development environment. Debugging occurs while the application runs on the target. Alternatively, users can compile a program to an image file for later loading. Dynamic C runs on PCs under Windows 95 and later. Programs can be downloaded at baud rates of up to 460,800 bps after the program compiles.

User’s Manual 41

Options > Project Options > Compiler menu to store the code in

Code and BIOS in Flash, Run in RAM from

Dynamic C has a number of standard features.

• Full-feature source and/or assembly-level debugger, no in-circuit emulator required.

• Royalty-free TCP/IP stack with source code and most common protocols.

• Hundreds of functions in source-code libraries and sample programs:

X Exceptionally fast support for floating-point arithmetic and transcendental functions. X RS-232 and RS-485 serial communication. X Analog and digital I/O drivers.

X I2C, SPI, GPS, file system. X LCD display and keypad drivers.

• Powerful language extensions for cooperative or preemptive multitasking

• Loader utility program to load binary images into Z-World targets in the absence of

Dynamic C.

• Provision for customers to create their own source code libraries and augment on-line help by creating “function description” block comments using a special format for library functions.

• Standard debugging features:

X Breakpoints—Set breakpoints that can disable interrupts. X Single-stepping—Step into or over functions at a source or machine code level, µC/OS-II aware. X Code disassembly—The disassembly window displays addresses, opcodes, mnemonics, and

machine cycle times. Switch between debugging at machine-code level and source-code level by simply opening or closing the disassembly window.

X Watch expressions—Watch expressions are compiled when defined, so complex expressions

including function calls may be placed into watch expressions. Watch expressions can be updated with or without stopping program execution.

X Register window—All processor reg isters and f lags are disp layed. The con tents of gener al register s

may be modified in the window by the user.

X Stack window—shows the contents of the top of the stack. X Hex memory dump—displays the contents of memory at any address. X STDIO window—printf outputs to this window and keyboard input on the host PC can be

detected for debugging purposes.

printf output may also be sent to a serial port or file.

42 RabbitCore RCM4000

5.2 Dynamic C Function Calls

5.2.1 Digital I/O

The RCM4000 was designed to interface with other systems, and so there are no drivers written specifically for the I/O. The general Dynamic C read and write functions allow you to customize the parallel I/O to meet your specific needs. For example, use

WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0x00);

to set all the Port E bits as inputs, or use

WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0xFF);

to set all the Port E bits as outputs. When using the auxiliary I/O bus on the Rabbit 4000 chip, add the line

#define PORTA_AUX_IO // required to enable auxiliary I/O bus

to the beginning of any programs using the auxiliary I/O bus. The sample programs in the Dynamic C

SAMPLES/RCM4000

folder provide further

examples.

5.2.2 Serial Co mmunication Drivers

Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications support. The

PACKET.LIB

RS232.LIB

library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The

library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delimited by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both libraries provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmitting or receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they are finished, allowing other functions to be performed between calls. For more information, see the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual and Technical Note TN213, Rabbit Serial Port Software.

5.2.3 SRAM Use

The RCM4000 module has a battery-backed data SRAM and a program-execution SRAM. Dynamic C provides the

protected

keyword to identify variables that are to be placed into the battery-backed SRAM. The compiler generates code that maintains two copies of each protected variable in the battery-backed SRAM. The comp iler also generate s a flag to ind icat e whic h copy of the protected variable is valid at the current time. This flag is also stored in the battery-backed SRAM. When a protected variable is updated, the “inactive” copy is modified, and is made “active” only when the update is 100% complete. This assures the integrity of the data in case a reset or a power failure occurs during the update process. At power-on the application program uses the active copy of the variable pointed to by its associated flag.

User’s Manual 43

The sample code below shows how a protected variable is defined and how its value can be restored.

main() { protected int state1, state2, state3; ...

_sysIsSoftReset(); // restore any protected variables

The

bbram

keyword may also be used instead if there is a need to store a variable in

battery-backed SRAM without affecting the performance of the application program. Data integrity is not assured when a reset or power failure occurs during the update process.

Additional information on User’s Manual.

bbram

and

protected

variables is available in the Dynamic C

44 RabbitCore RCM4000

5.2.4 Prototyping Board Functions

The functions described in this section are for use with the Prototyping Board features. The source code is in the Dynamic C LIB\RCM4xxx\RCM40xx.LIB library if you need to modify it for your own board design.

NOTE: The analog input fun ction c alls are supp orted o nly by the RCM4000 mode l s ince

the RCM4010 does not have an A/D converter.

Other generic functions applicable to all devices based on Rabbit microprocessors are described in the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual.

5.2.4.1 Board Initialization

void brdInit (void);

Call this function at the beginning of your program. This function initializes Parallel Ports A through E for use with the Prototypi ng Board.

Summary of Initialization

1. I/O port pins are configured for Prototyping Board operation.

2. Unused configurable I/O are set as tied outputs.

3. RS -23 2 is not enabled.

4. LEDs are off.

5. The slave port is disabled.

RETURN VALUE

None.

User’s Manual 45

5.2.4.2 Alerts

void timedAlert(unsigned long timeout);

Polls the real-time clock until a timeout occurs. The RCM4000 will be in a low-power mode during this time. Once the timeout occurs, this function call will enable the normal power source. The A/D converter oscillator will be disabled and enabled.

PARAMETERS

timeout

RETURN VALUE

None.

SEE ALSO

is the duration of the timeout in seconds

brdInit

void digInAlert(int dataport, int portbit,

int value, unsigned long timeout);

Polls a digital input for a set value or until a timeout occurs. The RCM4000 will be in a low-power mode during this time. Once a timeout occurs or the correct byte is received, this function call will enable the normal power source and exit.

PARAMETERS

dataport is the input port data register to poll (e.g., PADR). portbit is the inpu t po r t b i t (0–7) to poll. value is the value of 0 or 1 to receive.

timeout

RETURN VALUE

None.

is the duration of the timeout in seconds (enter 0 for no timeout).

46 RabbitCore RCM4000

5.2.5 Analog Inputs (RCM4000 only)

unsigned int anaInConfig(unsigned int

instructionbyte, unsigned int cmd, long baud);

Use this function to configure the A/D converter. This function will address the A/D converter in Register Mode only, and will return an error if you try the Direct Mode. Appendix B.4.3 provides additional addressing and command information.

ADS7870 Signal ADS7870 State RCM3400 Function/State

LN0 Input AIN0 LN1 Input AIN1 LN2 Input AIN2 LN3 Input AIN3 LN4 Input AIN4 LN5 Input AIN5 LN6 Input AIN6 LN7 Input AIN7

/RESET Input Board reset device

RISE/FALL Input Pulled up for SCLK active on rising edge

PIO0 Input Pulled down PIO1 Input Pulled down PIO2 Input Pulled down PIO3 Input Pulled down

CONVERT Input Pulled down when not driven

BUSY Output PE0 pulled down; logic high state converter is busy

CCLKCNTRL Input Pulled down; 0 state sets CCLK as input

CCLK Input Pulled down; external conversion clock

SCLK Input PB0; serial data transfer clock

SDI Input PC4; 3-wire mode for serial data input

SDO Output PC5; serial data output /CS driven

/CS Input BUFEN pulled up; active-low enables serial interface

BUFIN Input Driven by VREF

VREF Output Connected to BUFIN and BUFOUT

BUFOUT Output Driven by VREF

User’s Manual 47

PARAMETERS

instructionbyte

is the instruction byte that will initiate a read or write operation at 8 or 16 bits on

the designated register address. For example,

checkid = anaInConfig(0x5F, 0, 9600); // read ID and set baud rate

cmd

are the command data that configure the registers addressed by the instruction byte. Enter 0 if you

are performing a read operation. For example,

i = anaInConfig(0x07, 0x3b, 0); // write ref/osc reg and enable

baud

is the serial clock transfer rate of 9600 to 57,600 bps.

baud

must be set the first time this function

is called. Enter 0 for this parameter thereafter, for example,

anaInConfig(0x00, 0x00, 9600); // resets device and sets baud

RETURN VALUE

0 on write operations, data value on read operations

SEE ALSO

anaInDriver, anaIn, brdInit

48 RabbitCore RCM4000

unsigned int anaInDriver(unsigned int cmd,

unsigned int len);

Reads the voltage of an analog input channel by serial-clocking an 8-bit command to the A/D converter by its Direct Mode method. This function assumes that Mode1 (most significant byte first) and the A/D converter oscillator have been enabled. See

The conversion begins immediately after the last data bit has been transferred. An exception error will occur if Direct Mode bit D7 is not set.

PARAMETERS

cmd contains a gain code and a channel code as follows.

D7—1; D6–D4—Gain Code; D3–D0—Channel Code

Use the following calculation and the tables below to determine cmd:

cmd = 0x80 | (gain_code*16) + channel_code

Gain Code Multiplier

anaInConfig()

0 ×1 1 ×2 2 ×4 3 ×5

for the setup.

Channel Code

Differential Input

Lines

0 +AIN0 -AIN1 8 AIN0 AIN0* 1 +AIN2 -AIN3 9 AIN1 AIN1* 2 +AIN4 -AIN5 10 AIN2 AIN2*

†

+AIN6 -AIN7 11 AIN3 AIN3

4 -AIN0 +AIN1 12 AIN4 AIN4 5 -AIN2 +AIN3 13 AIN5 AIN5 6 -AIN4 +AIN5 14 AIN6 AIN6

‡

-AIN6 +AIN7 15 AIN7 AIN7*

* Negative input is ground. † Not accessible on Prototyping Board ‡ Not accessible on Prototyping Board

4 ×8 5 ×10 6 ×16 7 ×20

Channel Code

Single-Ended

Input Lines

4–20 mA

Lines

len, the output bit length, is always 12 for 11-bit conversions

User’s Manual 49

RETURN VALUE

A value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel:

0–2047 for 11- bit convers i ons (bit 12 for sign )

-1 overflow or out of range

-2 conversion incomplete, busy bit timeout

SEE ALSO

anaInConfig, anaIn, brdInit

50 RabbitCore RCM4000

unsigned int anaIn(unsigned int channel,

int opmode, int gaincode);

Reads the value of an analog input channel using the Direct Mode method of addressing the A/D converter. Note that it takes about 1 second to ensure an internal capacitor on the A/D converter is charged when the function is called the first time.

PARAMETERS

channel

opmode

is the channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

is the mode of operation:

SINGLE DIFF mAMP

—single-ended input —differential input —4–20 mA input

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0 +AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 1 +AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2 +AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2* 3 +AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3 4 +AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4 5 +AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5 6 +AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6 7 +AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

+AIN0

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7 (applies only to Prototyping Board):

Gain Code Multiplier

0 ×1 0–22.5 1 ×2 0–11.25 2 ×4 0–5.6 3 ×5 0–4.5 4 ×8 0–2.8 5 ×10 0–2.25 6 ×16 0–1.41 7 ×20 0–1.126

RETURN VALUE

A value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel:

0–2047 for 11-bit A/D conversions (bit 12 for sign)

ADOVERFLOW ADTIMEOUT

(defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout

Voltage Range

(V)

SEE ALSO

anaIn, anaInConfig, anaInDriver

User’s Manual 51

int anaInCalib(int channel, int opmode,

int gaincode, int value1, float volts1, int value2, float volts2);

Calibrates the response of the desired A/D converter channel as a linear function using the two conversion points provided. Four values are calculated and placed into global tables

_adcCalibD anaInEEWr()

PARAMETERS

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input DIFF—differential input mAMP—milliamp input

, and

adcCalibM

. Each channel will have a linear constant and a voltage offset.

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0 +AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 1 +AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2 +AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2* 3 +AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3 4 +AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4 5 +AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5 6 +AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6 7 +AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

to be later stored into simulated EEPROM using the function

_adcCalibS

+AIN0

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7:

Gain Code Multiplier

0 ×1 0–22.5 1 ×2 0–11.25 2 ×4 0–5.6 3 ×5 0–4.5 4 ×8 0–2.8 5 ×10 0–2.25 6 ×16 0–1.41 7 ×20 0–1.126

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

Voltage Range

(V)

52 RabbitCore RCM4000

value1 is the first A/D converter channel raw count value volts1 is the voltage or current corresponding to the first A/D converter channel value (0 to +20 V or

4to 20 mA)

value2 is the second A/D converter channel raw count value volts2 is the voltage or current corresponding to the first A/D converter channel value (0 to +20 V or

4to 20 mA)

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful.

-1 if not able to make calibration constants.

SEE ALSO

anaIn, anaInVolts, anaInmAmps, anaInDiff, anaInCalib, brdInit

User’s Manual 53

float anaInVolts(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int gaincode);

Reads the state of a single-ended analog in put channel and uses the previously set calibration constants to convert it to volts.

PARAMETERS

channel is the channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

Channel Code

0 +AIN0 0–22.5 1 +AIN1 0–22.5 2 +AIN2 0–22.5 3 +AIN3 0–22.5 4 +AIN4 0–22.5 5 +AIN5 0–22.5 6 +AIN6 0–22.5

7 +AIN7

* Negative input is ground. † Applies to Prototyping Board. ‡ Used for thermistor in sample program.

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7.

Gain Code Multiplier

0 ×1 0–22.5 1 ×2 0–11.25 2 ×4 0–5.6 3 ×5 0–4.5 4 ×8 0–2.8 5 ×10 0–2.25 6 ×16 0–1.41 7 ×20 0–1.126

Single-Ended

Input Lines

Voltage Range

(V)

‡

0–2

Voltage Range

(V)

†

* Applies to RCM3400 Prototyping Board.

RETURN VALUE

A voltage value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInmAmps, brdInit

54 RabbitCore RCM4000

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

float anaInDiff(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int gaincode);

Reads the state of differential analog input channels and uses the previously set calibration constants to convert it to volts.

PARAMETERS

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

channel DIFF

0 +AIN0 -AIN1 1 +AIN1 -AIN1 —

2 +AIN2 -AIN3 -22.5 to +22.5* 3 +AIN3 -AIN3 — 4 +AIN4 -AIN5 -22.5 to +22.5* 5 +AIN5 -AIN5 — 6 +AIN6 -AIN7 — 7 +AIN7 -AIN7 —

* Accessible on Prototyping Board.

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7.

Gain Code Multiplier

0 ×1 -22.5 – +22.5 1 ×2 -11.25 – +11.25 2 ×4 -5.6 – +5.6

Voltage Range

(V)

-22.5 to +22.5

Voltage Range

(V)

3 ×5 -4.5 – +4.5 4 ×8 -2.8 – +2.8 5 ×10 -2.25 – +2.25 6 ×16 -1.41 – +1.41 7 ×20 -1.126 – +1.126

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

RETURN VALUE

A voltage value corresponding to the voltage differential on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInmAmps, brdInit

User’s Manual 55

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

float anaInmAmps(unsigned int channel);

Reads the state of an analog input channel and uses the previously set calibration constants to convert it to current.

PARAMETERS

channel is the channel number (0–7):

Channel Code

4–20 mA

Input Lines

0 +AIN0 1 +AIN1 2 +AIN2

+AIN3

†

4 +AIN4* 5 +AIN5* 6 +AIN6* 7 +AIN7

* Negative input is ground. † Applies to Prototyping Board.

RETURN VALUE

A current value between 4.00 and 20.00 mA corresponding to the current on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInVolts

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

56 RabbitCore RCM4000

root int anaInEERd(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int opmode, unsigned int gaincode);

Reads the calibration constants, gain, and offset for an input based on their designated position in the flash memory, and places them into global tables analog inputs. Depending on the flash size, the following macros can be used to identify the starting address for these locations.

ADC_CALIB_ADDRS, address start of single-ended analog input channels ADC_CALIB_ADDRD, address start of differential analog input channels ADC_CALIB_ADDRM, address start of milliamp analog input channels

NOTE: This function cannot be run in RAM.

PARAMETER

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN. opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input line DIFF—differentia l input line

mAMP—milliamp input line

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0 +AIN0 +A IN0 -AIN1

_adcCalibS, _adcCalibD

, and

+AIN0

_adcCalibM

for

1 +AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1* 2 +AIN2 +A IN2 -AIN3 +AIN2* 3 +AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3 4 +AIN4 +A IN4 -AIN5 +AIN4 5 +AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5 6 +AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6 7 +AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

ALLCHAN read all channels for selected opmode

* Not acce ssible on Prototyping Board.

User’s Manual 57

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7. The gaincode parameter is ign ored when channel is ALLCHAN.

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful.

-1 if address is invalid or out of range.

SEE ALSO

anaInEEWr, anaInCalib

Gain Code

0 1 2 0–5.6 3 0–4.5 4 5 6 7

Voltage Range

(V)

0–22.5

0–11.25

0–2.8 0–2.25 0–1.41

0–1.126

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

58 RabbitCore RCM4000

int anaInEEWr(unsigned int channel, int opmode

unsigned int gaincode);

Writes the calibration constants, gain, and offset for an input based from global tables

_adcCalibD

size, the following macros can be used to identify the starting address for these locations.

NOTE: This function cannot be run in RAM.

PARAMETER

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN. opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input line DIFF—differentia l input line mAMP—milliamp input line

, and

_adcCalibM

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0 +AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 1 +AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2 +AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2* 3 +AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3

to designated positions in the flash memory. Depending on the flash

+AIN0

_adcCalibS

4 +AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4 5 +AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5 6 +AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6 7 +AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

ALLCHAN read all channels for selected opmode

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

User’s Manual 59

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7. The gaincode parameter is ign ored when channel is ALLCHAN.

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful

-1 if address is invalid or out of range.

SEE ALSO

anaInEEWr, anaInCalib

Gain Code

Voltage Range

(V)

0 0–22.5 1 0–11.25 2 0–5.6 3 0–4.5 4 0–2.8 5 0–2.25 6 0–1.41 7 0–1.126

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

60 RabbitCore RCM4000

5.3 Upgrading Dynamic C

Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. C heck the Web sites

• www.zworld.com/support/ or

• www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/support/ for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.

5.3.1 Add-On Modules

Dynamic C installations are designed for use with the board they are included with, and are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits. Z-World offers for purchase add-on Dynamic C modules including the popular µC/OS-II real-time operating system, as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), FAT file system, RabbitWeb, and other select libraries.

NOTE: Version 2.10 or later of the Dynamic C FAT file system module is required for

the RCM3365 and RCM3375 models.

Each Dynamic C add-on module has complete documentation and sample programs to illustrate the functionality of the software calls in the module. Visit our Web site at

www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation for each module.

In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephone-based technical support module is also available for purchase.

User’s Manual 61

62 RabbitCore RCM4000

6. USING THE TCP/IP FEATURES

6.1 TCP/IP Connections

Programming and development can be done with the RCM4000 without connecting the Ethernet port to a network. However, if you will be running the sample programs that use the Ethernet capability or will be doing Ethernet-enabled develo pment, you should conn ect the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port at this time.

Before proceeding you will need to have the following items.

• If you don’t have Ethernet access, you will need at least a 10Base-T Ethernet card (available from your favorite computer supplier) installed in a PC.

• Two RJ-45 straight-through Ethernet cables and a hub, or an RJ-45 crossover Ethernet cable.

Figure 14 shows how to identify the two Ethernet cables based on the wires in the transparent RJ-45 connectors.

Same

color order

in connectors

Different

color order

in connectors

StraightThrough

Cable

Figure 14. How to Identify Straight-Through and Crossover Ethernet Cables

Ethernet cables and a 10Base-T Ethernet hub are available from Rabbit Semiconductor in a TCP/IP tool kit. More information is available at www.rabbit.com.

Now you should be able to make your connections.

User’s Manual 63

Crossover

Cable

1. Connect the AC adapter and the serial programming cable as shown in Chapter 2, “Getting Started.”

2. Ethernet Connections There are four options for connecting the RCM4000 module to a network for develop-

ment and runtime purposes. The first two options permit total freedom of action in selecting network addresses and use of the “network,” as no action can interfere with other users. We recommend one of these options for initial development.

• No LAN — The simplest alternative for desktop development. Connect the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port directly to the PC’s network interface card using an RJ-45 crossover cable. A crossover cable is a special cable that flips some connections between the two connectors and permits direct connection of two client systems. A standard RJ-45 network cable will not work for this purpose.

• Micro-LAN — Another simple alternative for desktop development. Use a small Eth-

ernet 10Base-T hub and connect both the PC’s network interface card and the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port to it using standard network cables.

The following options require more care in address selection and testing actions, as conflicts with other users, servers and systems can occur:

• LAN — Connect the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port to an existing LAN, preferably one to which the development PC is already connected. You will need to obtain IP addressing information from your network administrator.

• WAN — The RCM4000 is capable of direct connection to the Internet and other W ide Area Networks, but exceptional care should be used with IP address settings and all network-related programming and development. We recommend that development and debugging be done on a local network before connecting a RabbitCore system to the Internet.

TIP: Checking and debugging the initial setup on a micro-LAN is recommended before

connecting the system to a LAN or WAN.

The PC running Dynamic C does not need to be the PC with the Ethernet card.

3. Apply Power Plug in the AC adapter. The RCM4000 module and Prototyping Board are now ready to

be used.

64 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses

Obtaining IP addresses to interact over an existing, operating, network can involve a number of complications, and must usually be done with cooperation from your ISP and/or network systems administrator. For this reason, it is suggested that the user begin instead by using a direct connection between a PC and the RCM4000 using an Ethernet crossover cable or a simple arrangement with a hub. (A crossover cable should not be confused with regular straight through cables.)

In order to set up this direct connection, the user will have to use a PC without networking, or disconnect a PC from the corporate network, or install a second Ethernet adapter and set up a separate private network attached to the second Ethernet adapter. Disconnecting your PC from the corporate network may be easy or nearly impossible, depending on how it is set up. If your PC boots from the network or is dependent on the network for some or all of its disks, then it probably should not be disconnected. If a second Ethernet adapter is used, be aware that Windows TCP/IP will send messages to one adapter or the other, depending on the IP address and the binding order in Microsoft products. Thus you should have different ranges of IP addresses on your private network from those used on the corporate network. If both networks service the same IP address, then Windows may send a packet intended for your private network to the corporate network. A similar situation will take place if you use a dial-up line to send a packet to the Internet. Windows may try to send it via the local Ethernet network if it is also valid for that network.

The following IP addresses are set aside for local networks and are not allowed on the Internet: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to

192.168.255.255. The RCM4000 uses a 10Base-T type of Ethernet connection, which is the most common

scheme. The RJ-45 connectors are similar to U.S. style telephone connectors, except they are larger and have 8 contacts.

An alternative to the direct connection using a crossover cable is a direct connection using a hub. The hub relays packets received on any port to all of the ports on the hub. Hubs are low in cost and are readil y availa ble . The R CM4000 us es 10 Mbp s Ethernet, so the hub or Ethernet adapter can be a 10 Mbps unit or a 10/100 Mbps unit.

In a corporate setting where the Internet is brought in via a high-speed line, there are typically machines between the outside Internet and the internal network. These machines include a combination of proxy servers and firewalls that filter and multiplex Internet traffic. In the configuration below , the RCM4000 could be given a fixed address so any of the computers on the local network would be able to contact it. It may be possible to configure the firewall or proxy server to allow hosts on the Internet to directly contact the controller, but it would probably be easier to place the controller directly on the external network outside of the firewall. This avoids some of the configuration complications by sacrificing some security.

User’s Manual 65

Hub(s)

T1 in

Adapter

Ethernet

Typical Corporate Network

Firewall

Proxy

Server

Network

Ethernet

RCM4000

System

If your system administrator can give you an Ethernet cable along with its IP address, the netmask and the gateway address, then you may be able to run the sample programs without having to setup a direct connection between your computer and the RCM4000. You will also need the IP address of the nameserver, the name or IP address of your mail server, and your domain name for some of the sample programs.

66 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.2.1 IP Addresses Explained

IP (Internet Protocol) addresses are expressed as 4 decimal numbers separated by periods, for example:

216.103.126.155

10.1.1.6

Each decimal number must be between 0 and 255. The total IP address is a 32-bit number consisting of the 4 bytes expressed as shown above. A local network uses a group of adja-

cent IP addresses. There are always 2N IP addresses in a local network. The netmask (also called subnet mask) determines how many IP addresses belong to the local network. The netmask is also a 32-bit address expressed in the same form as the IP address. An example netmask is:

255.255.255.0

This netmask has 8 zero bits in the least significant portion, and this means that 28 addresses are a part of the local network. Applied to the IP address above (216.103.126.155), this netmask would indicate that the following IP addresses belong to the local network:

216.103.126.0

216.103.126.1

216.103.126.2 etc.

216.103.126.254

216.103.126.255

The lowest and highest address are reserved for special purposes. The lowest address (216.102.126.0) is used to identify the local network. The highest address (216.102.126.255) is used as a broadcast address. Usually one other address is used for the address of the gateway out of the network. This leaves 256 - 3 = 253 available IP addresses for the example given.

User’s Manual 67

6.2.2 How IP Addresses are Used

The actual hardware connection via an Ethernet uses Ethernet adapter addresses (also called MAC addresses). These are 48-bit addresses and are unique for every Ethernet adapter manufactured. In order to send a packet to another computer, given the IP address of the other computer, it is first determined if the packet needs to be sent directly to the other computer or to the gateway. In either case, there is an Ethernet address on the local network to which the packet must be sent. A table is maintained to allow the protocol driver to determine the MAC address corresponding to a particular IP address. If the table is empty, the MAC address is determined by sending an Ethernet broadcast packet to all devices on the local network asking the device with the desired IP address to answer with its MAC address. In this way, the table entry can be filled in. If no device answers, then the device is nonexistent or inoperative, and the packet cannot be sent.

Some IP address ranges are reserved for use on internal networks, and can be allocated freely as long as no two internal hosts have the same IP address. These internal IP addresses are not routed to the Internet, and any internal hosts using one of these reserved IP addresses cannot communicate on the external Internet without being connected to a host that has a valid Internet IP address. The host would either translate the data, or it would act as a proxy.

Each RCM4000 RabbitCore module has its own unique MAC address, which consists of the prefix 0090C2 followed by a code that is unique to each RCM4000 module. For example, a MAC address might be 0090C2C002C0.

TIP: You can always obtain the MAC address on your module by running the sample

program DISPLAY_MAC.C from the SAMPLES\TCPIP folder.

68 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.2.3 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses

In many instances, devices on a network do not have fixed IP addresses. This is the case when, for example, you are assigned an IP address dynamically by your dial-up Internet service provider (ISP) or when you have a device that provides your IP addresses using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The RCM4000 modules can use such IP addresses to send and receive packets on the Internet, but you must take into account that this IP address may only be valid for the duration of the call or for a period of time, and could be a private IP address that is not directly accessible to others on the Internet. These addresses can be used to perform some Internet tasks such as sending e-mail or browsing the Web, but it is more difficult to participate in conversations that originate elsewhere on the Internet. If you want to find out this dynamically assigned IP address, under Windows 98 you can run the

winipcfg program while you are connected and look

at the interface used to connect to the Internet. Many networks use IP addresses that are assigned using DHCP. When your computer

comes up, and periodically after that, it requests its networking information from a DHCP server. The DHCP server may try to give you the same address each time, but a fixed IP address is usually not guaranteed.

If you are not concerned about accessing the RCM4000 from the Internet, you can place the RCM4000 on the internal network using an IP address assigned either statically or through DHCP.

User’s Manual 69

6.3 Placing Your Device on the Network

In many corporate settings, users are isolated from the Internet by a firewall and/or a proxy server. These devices attempt to secure the company from unauthorized network traffic, and usually work by disallowing traffic that did not originate from inside the network. If you want users on the Internet to communicate with your RCM4000, you have several options. You can either place the RCM4000 directly on the Internet with a real Internet address or place it behind the firewall. If you place the RCM4000 behind the firewall, you need to configure the firewall to translate and forward packets from the Internet to the RCM4000.

70 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.4 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs

We have provid ed a number of sam ple program s demo nst rating va riou s uses of TCP/IP for networking embedded systems. These programs require you to connect your PC and the RCM4000 module together on the same network. This network can be a local private network (preferred for initial experimentation and debugging), or a connection via the Internet.

RCM4000

System

User’s PC

Ethernet crossover cable

Direct Connection

(network of 2 comp uters)

Ethernet cables

RCM4000

System

To additional

Hub

network elements

Direct Connection Using a Hub

User’s Manual 71

6.4.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs

With the introduction of Dynamic C 7.30 we have taken steps to make it easier to run many of our sample programs. You will see a TCPCONFIG macro. This macro tells Dynamic C to select your configuration from a list of default configurations. You will have three choices when you encounter a sample program with the TCPCONFIG macro.

1. You can replace the TCPCONFIG macro with individual MY_IP_ADDRESS, MY_NET-

MASK

, MY_GATEWAY, and MY_NAMESERVER macros in each program.

2. You can leave TCPCONFIG at the usual default of 1, which will set the IP configurations to 10.10.6.100, the netmask to 255.255.255.0, and the nameserver and gateway to 10.10.6.1. If you would like to change the default values, for example, to use an IP address of 10.1.1.2 for the RCM4000 module, and 10.1.1.1 for your PC, you can edit the values in the section that directly follows the “General Configuration” comment in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. You will find this library in the LIB\TCPIP directory.

3. You can create a CUSTOM_CONFIG.LIB library and use a TCPCONFIG value greater than 100. Instructions for doing this are at the beginning of the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library in the LIB\TCPIP directory.

There are some other “standard” configurations for TCPCONFIG that let you select different features such as DHCP. Their values are documented at the top of the TCP_CON-

FIG.LIB

library in the LIB\TCPIP directory. More information is available in the

Dynamic C TCP/IP User’ s Manual.

72 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.4.2 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect

TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC from

that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings before changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the sample programs and reconnect your PC to the network.

1. Go to the control panel (Start > Setti ngs > Control Panel), and then double-click the Network icon.

2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use (e.g.,

TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Properties” button.

Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may have to select the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties” button to bring up the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface card for a “10Base-T Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the “Advanced” tab.

NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.

3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Addre ss, or select TCP/IP and click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable “obtain an IP address automatically”):

IP Address : 10.10.6.101 Netmask : 255.255.255.0 Default gateway : 10.10.6.1

4. Click <OK> or <Close> to exit the various dialog boxes.

RCM4000

IP 10.10.6.101 Netmask

255.255.255.0

System

User’s PC

Ethernet crossover cable

Direct Connection PC to RCM4000 Module

User’s Manual 73

6.5 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program

Connect the crossover cable from your computer’s Ethernet port to the RCM4000 module’s RJ-45 Ethernet connector. Open this sample program from the SAMPLES\TCPIP\

ICMP

folder, compile the program, and start it running under Dynamic C. The crossover cable is connected from your computer’s Ethernet adapter to the RCM4000 module’s RJ45 Ethernet connector. When the program starts running, the green LINK light on the RCM4000 module should be on to indicate an Ethernet connection is made. (Note: If the

LNK light does not light, you may not be using a crossover cable, or if you are using a hub

with straight-through cables perhaps the power is off on the hub.) The next step is to ping the module from your PC. This can be done by bringing up the

MS-DOS window and running the pingme program:

ping 10.10.6.101

or by Start > Run and typing the entry

ping 10.10.6.101

Notice that the yellow ACT light flashes on the RCM4000 module while the ping is taking place, and indicates the transfer of data. The ping routine will ping the module four times and write a summary message on the screen describing the operation.

6.6 Running Additional Sample Programs With Direct Connect

The following sample programs are in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RCM4000\TCPIP\ folder.

• BROWSELED.C—This program demonstrates a basic controller running a Web page.

Two “device LEDs” are created along with two buttons to toggle them. Users can use their Web browser to change the status of the lights. The DS2 and DS3 LEDs on the Prototyping Board will match those on the W eb page. As long as you have not modified the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program, enter the following server address in your Web browser to bring up the Web page served by the sample program.

http://10.10.6.100.

Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library.

• PINGLED.C—This program demonstrates ICMP by pinging a remote host. It will flash

LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board when a ping is sent and received.

• SMTP.C—This program demonstrates using the SMTP library to send an e-mail when

the S2 and S3 switches on the Prototyping Board are pressed. LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board will light up when e-mail is being sent.

74 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.7 Where Do I Go From Here?

NOTE: If you purchased your RCM4000 through a d ist ri buto r or thr ough a Rabbit Semi-

conductor or Z-World partner, contact t he di stributor or partner first for technical support.

If there are any problems at this point:

• Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.

• Check the Rabbit Semiconductor/Z-World Technical Bulletin Board at

www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.

• Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit .com/sup port/ . If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on. Additional sample programs are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual. Please refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manu al to develop your own applications.

An Introduction to TCP/IP provides background information on TCP/IP, and is available on the CD and on Z-World’s Web site.

User’s Manual 75

76 RabbitCore RCM4000

APPENDIX A. RCM4000 SPECIFICATIONS

Appendix A provides th e specifications for the RCM4000, an d describes the conformal coating.

User’s Manual 77

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics

Figure A-1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the RCM4000.

1.84

(47)

JP4

R28

R32

R33

C38

R27

R26

R24

R31

R30

C71

C36

C33

C56

R29

C44

C46

C45

U18

C55

R48

U17

R46

C53

C66

C54

R47

C52

C51

C50

C49

C72

C48

C35

C43

C47

C34

C42

R25

R20

R37

LINK

DS2

R35

R36

C41

DS1

0.62

(16)

ACT

(15.7)

0.619

(9.4)

0.37

0.10

(2.5)

(28)

1.10

(61)

2.42

0.47

Please refer to the RCM4000 footprint diagram later in this appendix for precise header locations.

(12)

0.125

(3.2)

dia

× 2

(5)

0.19

R10

0.50

(13)

R43

C23

C22

JP3

JP2

JP1

R51

C10

RP2

C32

C30

C31

C29

C28

C26

C27

C25 C24

C20

C18

C13

C16

R6 R7

C15

C14

C11

C12

R34

0.72

(18)

(20)

0.77

1.84

(47)

2.42

(61)

(12)

0.47

(1.6)

0.064

(2.8)

0.11

(1.6)

0.064

0.23

0.11

(5.8)

(2.8)

(20)

0.77

(5.8)

0.23

Figure A-1. RCM4000 Dimensions

NOTE: All measurements are in inc hes fo llowed b y milli meters enclos ed in pa renthe se s.

All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01" (0.25 mm).

78 RabbitCore RCM4000

It is recommended that you allow for an “exclusion zone” of 0.04" (1 mm) around the RCM4000 in all directions when the RCM4000 is incorporated into an assembly that includes other printed circuit boards. An “exclusion zone” of 0.08" (2 mm) is recommended below the RCM4000 when the RCM4000 is plugged into another assembly. Figure A-2 shows this “exclusion zone.”

2.50

(63)

(16)

0.51

2.42

(61)

(2)

0.08

Exclusion

1.92

(49)

Zone

(16)

0.51

(2)

0.08

1.84

(47)

Figure A-2. RCM4000 “Exclusion Zone”

User’s Manual 79

T ableA-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the RCM4000.

Table A-1. RCM4000 Specifications

Parameter RCM4000 RCM4010

Microprocessor Ethernet Port 10Base-T, RJ-45, 2 LEDs

SRAM 512K (16-bit) Flash Memory (program) 512K (16-bit) Flash Memory

(mass data storage)

Backup Battery

19 parallel digital I/O lines:

General Purpose I/O

Additional Inputs 2 startup mode, reset in, CONVERT 2 startup mode, reset in Additional Outputs Status, reset out, analog VREF Status, res et out

Analog Inputs

• configurable with four layers of alternate functions

1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, and 20 V/ V

32 Mbytes

(NAND flash)

Connection for user-supplied backup battery

8 channels single-ended

or 4 channels differential

Programmable gain

Rabbit® 4000 at 58.98 MHz

—

(to support RTC and data SRAM)

25 parallel digital I/O lines:

• configurable with four layers of alternate functions

—

• A /D Converter

Resolution

12 bits (11 bits single-ended)

• A /D Conversion Time

(including 120 µs raw count and Dynamic C)

Auxiliary I/O Bus

6 address lines (shared with parallel I/O lines), plus I/O read/write

5 shared high-speed, CMOS-compatible ports:

180 µs

Can be configured for 8 data lines and

• all 5 configurable as asynchronous (with IrDA), 4 as clocked serial (SPI),

Serial P orts

and 1 as SDLC/HDLC

• 1 asyn chro no us cl ocked seri al port dedicat ed for pro gramm ing

• 1 clocked serial port dedicated for A/D converter (RCM4000)

Serial Rate Maximum asynchronous baud rate = CLK/8

Slave Interface

Real Time Clock Yes

Slave port allows the RCM4000 to be used as an intelligent peripheral device slaved to a master processor

80 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table A-1. RCM4000 Specifications (c ontinued)

Parameter RCM4000 RCM4010

Ten 8-bit timers (6 cascadable from the first),

Timers

W atchdog/Supervisor Yes

one 10-bit timer with 2 match registers, and

one 16-bit timer with 4 ou tputs and 8 set /reset regist ers

2 channels:

• synchronized PWM with 10-bit

Pulse-Wi dth Modulators —

counter

• variable-phase or synchronized

PWM with 16-bit counter

2-channel input capture can be used

Input Capture —

Quadrature Decoder —

Power 3.0– 3.6 V.DC, 90 mA @ 3.3 V (preliminary, pins unloaded)

to time input signals from various port pins

2-channel quadrature decoder accep ts inputs from external incremental encoder modules

Operating T emperatu re 0 to +70°C Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing

Connectors

Board Size

One 2 × 25, 1.27 mm pitch IDC signal header

One 2 × 5, 1.27 mm pitch IDC programming header

1.84" × 2.41" × 0.77"

(47 mm × 61 mm × 20 mm)

User’s Manual 81

A.1.1 A/D Converter

Table A-2 shows some of the important A/D converter specifications. For more details, refer to the ADC7870 data sheet.

Table A-2. A/D Converter Specifications

Parameter Test Conditions Typ Max

Analog Input Characteristics

Input Capa citance Input Impedance

Common-Mode Differential Mode

Static Accuracy

Resolution

Single-Ended Mode

Differential Mode Integral Linearity Differential Linearity

Dynamic Characteristics

Throughput Rate 52 ksamples/s

Voltage Reference

Accuracy Buffer Amp Source Current Buffer Amp Sink Current Short-Circuit Current

= 2.048 V and 2.5 V

ref

4 – 9.7 pF

6 MΩ 7 MΩ

11 bits 12 bits

±1 LSB

±0.5 LSB

±0.05%

20 µA 20 mA 20 mA

±2.5 LSB

±0.25%

82 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.1.2 Headers

The RCM4000 uses a header at J3 for physical connection to other boards. J3 is a 2 × 25 SMT header with a 1.27 mm pin spacing. J1, the programming port, is a 2 × 5 header with a 1.27 mm pin spacing.

Figure A-3 shows the layout of another board for the RCM4000 to be plugged into. These reference design values are relative to one of the mounting holes.

0.875

(22.2)

0.050

(1.27)

RCM4000 Series Footprint

0.284

(7.2)

Figure A-3. User Board Footprint for RCM4000

0.334

(8.5)

User’s Manual 83

A.2 Rabbit 4000 DC Characteristics

Table A-3. Rabbit 4000 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter Maximum Rating

VDD

Operating T emperatu re -40° to +85°C

Storage Temperature -55° to +125°C

Maximum Input Voltage

Maximum Operating Voltage 3.6 V

VDD

+ 0.3 V

(max. 3.6 V)

Stresses beyond those listed in Table A-3 may cause permanent damage. The ratings are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the Rabbit 4000 chip at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in this section is not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect the reliability of the Rabbit 4000 chip.

Table A-4 outlines the DC characteristics for the Rabbit 4000 at 3.3 V over the recommended operating temperature range from TA = –40°C to +85°C, VDDIO = 3.0 V to 3.6 V.

Table A-4. 3.3 Volt DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max

VDD

I/O Ring Supply Voltage, 3.3 V 3.0 V 3.3 V 3.6 V

I/O Ring Supply Voltage, 1.8 V 1.65 V 1.8 V 1.90 V

V V V

DRIVE

84 RabbitCore RCM4000

High-Level Input Voltage

Low-Level Input Voltage -0.3 V

High-Level Output Voltage

Low-Level Output Voltage -0.3 V

I/O Ring Current @ 29.4912 MHz,

3.3 V, 25°C All other I/O

(except TXD+, TXDD+, TXD-, TXDD-)

0.7 × VDD

VDD

0.3 × VDD

VDD

0.3 × VDD

12.2 mA

8 mA

+ 0.3 V

A.3 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit

Unless otherwise specified, the Rabbit I/O buffers are capable of sourcing and sinking 8 mA of current per pin at full AC switching speed. Full AC switching assumes a

29.4 MHz CPU clock with the clock doubler enabled and capacitive loading on address and data lines of less than 70 pF per pin. The absolute maximum operating voltage on all I/O is 3.6 V.

A.4 Bus Loading

You must pay careful attention to bus loading when designing an interface to the RCM4000. This section provides bus loading information for external devices.

Table A-5 lists the capacitance for the various RCM4000 I/O ports.

Table A-5. Capacitance of Rabbit 4000 I/O Ports

Input

I/O Ports

Parallel Ports A to E 12 14

Capacitance

(pF)

Output

Capacitance

(pF)

Table A-6 lists the external capacitive bus loading for the various RCM4000 output ports. Be sure to add the loads for the devices you are using in your custom system and verify that they do not exceed the values in Table A-6.

Table A-6. External Capacitive Bus Loading -40°C to +85°C

Output Port

All I/O lines with clock doubler enabled

Clock Speed

(MHz)

58.98 100

Maximum External

Capacitive Loading (pF)

Table A-7 lists the loadings for the A/D converter inputs.

Table A-7. A/D Converter Inputs

Parameter Value

Input Capacitance 4–9.7 pF

Input Impedance

User’s Manual 85

Common-M ode 6 MΩ

Differential 7 MΩ

Figure A-4 shows a typical timing diagram for the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor external I/O read and write cycles.

External I/O Read (no extra wait states)

CLK

A[15:0]

/CSx

/IOCSx

/IORD

/BUFEN

D[7:0]

CLK

A[15:0]

valid

adr

CSx

IOCSx

IORD

BUFEN

External I/O Write (no extra wait states)

adr

valid

IOCSx

IORD

BUFEN

setup

CSx

valid

hold

/CSx

CSx

/IOCSx

IOCSx

/IOWR

IOWR

/BUFEN

valid

BUFEN

DVHZ

BUFEN

D[7:0]

DHZV

Figure A-4. External I/O Read and Write Cycles—No Extra Wait States

NOTE: /IOCSx can be programmed to be active low (default) or active high.

86 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table A-8 lists the delays in gross memory access time for several values of VDDIO.

Table A-8. Preliminary Data and Clock Delays

Clock to Address

VDD

(V)

3.3 6 8 11 1 2.3 / 2.3 3 / 4.5 4.5 / 9

1.8 18 24 33 3 7 / 6.5 8 / 12 11 / 22

Output Delay

(ns)

30 pF 60 pF 90 pF

Data Setup Time Delay

(ns)

0.5 ns setting no dbl / dbl

Spectrum Spreader Delay

Worst-Case

(ns)

1 ns setting

no dbl / dbl

2 ns setting

no dbl / dbl

The measurements are taken at the 50% points under the following conditions.

• T = -40°C to 85°C, V = VDDIO ±10%

• Internal clock to nonloaded CLK pin delay ≤ 1 ns @ 85°C/3.0 V

The clock to address output delays are similar, and apply to the following delays.

• T

, the clock to address delay

adr

, the clock to memory chip select delay

CSx

, the clock to I/O chip select delay

IOCSx

, the clock to I/O read strobe delay

IORD

• T

The data setup time delays are similar for both T

, the clock to I/O write strobe delay

IOWR

BUFEN

, the clock to I/O buffer enable delay

setup

and T

hold

When the spectrum spreader is enabled with the clock doubler, every other clock cycle is shortened (sometimes lengthened) by a maximum amount given in the table above. The shortening takes place by shortening the high part of the clock. If the doubler is not enabled, then every clock is shortened during the low part of the clock period. The maximum shortening for a pair of clocks combined is shown in the table.

Technical Note TN227, Interfacing External I/O with Rabbit Microprocessor Designs, contains suggestions for interfacing I/O devices to the Rabbit 4000 microprocessors.

User’s Manual 87

A.5 Conformal Coating

The areas around the 32 kHz real-time clock crystal oscillator have had the Dow Corning silicone-based 1-2620 conformal coating applied. The conformally coated area is shown in Figure A-5. The conformal coating protects these high-impedance circuits from the effects of moisture and contaminants over time.

R34

Conformally coated

area

C12

C11

C14

R20

ACT

DS1

R36

DS2

LINK

R37

R47

C66

R46

U17

U18

C71

C41

R35

C42

C34

C47

C43

C35

C48

C72

C49

C50

C51

C52

C54

C53

R48

C55

C45

C46

C44

R29

C56

R30

R31

R33

R32

JP4

C15

C16

C18

C20

R24

C33

R25

C24 C25

C26

C27

C28

C29

C30

C31

C32

RP2

C36

R26

R27

C38

R43

R28

C23

C13

C10

R51

JP1

R10

JP2

JP3

C22

Figure A-5. RCM4000 Areas Receiving Conformal Coating

Any components in the conformally coated area may be replaced using standard soldering procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be applied to offer continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.

NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Technical Note 303, Con-

formal Coatings.

88 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.6 Jumper Configurations

Figure A-6 shows the header locations used to configure the various RCM4000 options via jumpers.

RCM4000

Top Side

JP1 JP2 JP3

JP4

Figure A-6. Location of RCM4000 Configurable Positions

Table A-9 lists the configuration options.

Table A-9. RCM4000 Jumper Configurations

Header Description Pins Connected

1–2 SMODE1

JP1 PE6 or SMODE1 Output on J3

2–3 PE6

1–2 SMODE0

JP2 PE5 or SMODE0 Output on J3

2–3 PE5

1–2 STATUS

JP3 PE7 or STATUS Output on J3

2–3 PE7

1–2 Battery Backup

2–3 No Battery Backup

JP4

Battery Backup for Real-Time Clock

Factory

Default

NOTE: The jumper connections are made using 0 Ω surface-mounted resistors.

User’s Manual 89

90 RabbitCore RCM4000

APPENDIX B. PROTOTYPING BOARD

Appendix B describes the features and accessories of the Prototyping Board, and explains the use of the Prototyping Board to demonstrate the RCM4000 and to build p rototypes of your ow n circuits. The Prototyping Board has power-supply connections and also provides some basic I/O peripherals (RS-232, LEDs, and switches), as well as a prototyping area for more advanced hardware development.

User’s Manual 91

B.1 Introduction

The Prototyping Board included in the Development Kit makes it easy to connect an RCM4000 module to a power supply and a PC workstation for development. It also provides some basic I/O peripherals (RS-232, LEDs, and switches), as well as a prototyping area for more advanced hardware development.

For the most basic level of evaluation and development, the Prototyping Board can be used without modification.

As you progress to more sophisticated experimentation and hardware development, modifications and additions can be made to the board without modifying the RCM4000 module.

The Prototyping Board is shown below in Figure B-1, with its main features identified.

Current-

Measurement

Headers

RCM4000

Module

Connector

RCM4000

Standoff

Mounting

SMT Prototyping

Area

Power

LED

RX43

RX47

RX97

Power

Input

PWR

DS1

GND

C53

RCM1

JP16

JP6

C18

JP5

C17

JP12

JP4 JP3

JP14

JP8

C16

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C19 C20

R25

C15

R26

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R10

R8R6R4R3R5

C8C7C9

C14

C12

C10

JP24

JP23

RX59

RX57

RX55

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

RX61

RX65

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RCM4000

Module

Extension Header

C11

JP1

/RST_OUT

JP17

+3.3 V

+5 V

GND

JP2

GND

/IORD

+3.3 V

/IOWR

/RST_IN

VBAT

PA0

EXT

PA1

PA2

PA3

PA4

PA5

PA6

PA7

PB0

PB1

PB2

PB3

PB4

PB5

PB6

PB7

PC0

PC1

PC2

Prototyping Area

PC3

PC4

PC5

PC6

PC7

PE0

PE1

PE2

JP13

PE3

PE4

R19

PE5

PE6

PD0

PE7

LN0

PD1

PD2

LN1

LN2

C13

PD4

PD3

LN4

LN3

PD6

PD5

LN6

LN5

PD7

CVT

LN7

VREF

AGND

VREF

LN7IN

CVT

AGND

Analog

I/O

Backup

Battery

BT1

UX49

UX47

Through-Hole

RX75

RX73

CX25

CX23

DS2

JP25

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN6IN

LN4IN

R23

LN1IN

AGND

R12

R11

LN2IN

LN0IN

User

Switches

+5 V, 3.3 V, and

GND Buses

Reset

Switch

S1 RESET

UX4

RXD TXD

GND

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

CX39

RX11

UX45

UX10

RX67

CX17

UX12

UX14

RX85

CX27

R21

CX29

RX77

RX79

DS3

R22

R27

R28

UX16

R24

GND

S3S2

RS-232

TXC RXC

Header

UX29

UX30

SMT Prototyping

User

LEDs

Area

Figure B-1. Prototyping Board

92 RabbitCore RCM4000

B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features

• Power Conne ction—A a 3-pin header is provided for connection to the power supply . Note that the 3-pin header is symmetrical, with both outer pins connected to ground and the center pin connected to the raw V+ input. The cable of the AC adapter provided with the North American version of the Development Kit is terminated with a header plug that connects to the 3-pin header in either orientation. The header plug leading to bare leads provided for overseas customers can be connected to the 3-pin header in either orientation.

Users providing their own power supply should ensure that it delivers 8–24 V DC at 8 W. The voltage regulators will get warm while in use.

• Regulated Power Supply—The raw DC voltage provided at the 3-pin header is

routed to a 5 V switching voltage regulator, then to a separate 3.3 V linear regulator. The regulators provide stable power to the RCM4000 module and the Prototyping Board.

• Power LED—The power LED lights whenever power is connected to the Prototyping Board.

• Reset Switch—A momentary-contact, normally open switch is connected directly to the RCM4000’s /RESET_IN pin. Pressing the switch forces a hardware reset of the system.

• I/O Switches and LEDs—Two momentary-contact, normally open switches are con-

nected to the PB4 and PB5 pins of the RCM4000 module and may be read as inputs by sample applications.

Two LEDs are connected to the PB2 and PB3 pins of the RCM4000 module, and may be driven as output indicators by sample applications.

• Prot otyping Area—A generous prototyping area has been provided for the inst allation of through-hole components. +3.3 V, +5 V, and Ground buses run around the edge of this area. Several areas for surface-mount devices are also available. (Note that there are SMT device pads on both top and bottom of the Prototyping Board.) Each SMT pad is connected to a hole designed to accept a 30 AWG solid wire.

• Module Extension Header—The complete non-analog pin set of the RCM4000 mod-

ule is duplicated at header J2. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate holes, or, for more flexible development, a 2 × 25 header strip with a 0.1" pitch can be soldered into place. See Figure B-4 for the header pinouts.

• Analog Inputs Header—The complete analog pin set of the RCM4000 module is

duplicated at header J3. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate holes, or, for more flexible development, a 2 × 7 header strip with a 0.1" pi tch can be soldered into place. See Figure B-4 for the header pinouts.

• RS-232—Two 3-wire or one 5-wire RS-232 serial ports are available on the Prototyp-

ing Board at header J4. A 10-pin 0.1" pitch header strip installed at J4 allows you to connect a ribbon cable that leads to a standard DE-9 serial connector.

User’s Manual 93

• Current Measurement Option—You may cut the trace below header JP1 on the

bottom side of the Prototyping Board and install a 1 × 2 header strip from the Development Kit to allow you to use an ammeter across the pins to measure the current drawn from the +5 V supply. Sim ilarly, you may cut the trace below header JP2 on the bottom side of the Prototyping Board and install a 1 × 2 header strip from the Development Kit to allow you to use an ammeter across the pins to measure the current drawn from the +3.3 V supply.

• Backup Battery—A 2032 lithium-ion battery rated at 3.0 V, 220 mA·h, provides

battery backup for the RCM4000 SRAM and real-time clock.

94 RabbitCore RCM4000

Digi RCM4000 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 RCM4000 Features

1.2 Advantages of the RCM4000

1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools

1.3.1 RCM4000 Development Kit

1.3.2 Software

1.3.3 Onlin e Documentation

2. GETTING S TARTED

2.1 Install Dynamic C

2.2 Hardware Connections

2.2.1 Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development

2.2.3 Connect Programming Cable

2.2.4 Connect Power

2.3 Run a Sample Program

2.3.1 Run a Sample Program

2.3.2 Troubleshooting

2.4 Where Do I Go From Here?

2.4.1 Technical Support

3. RUNNING SAMPLE PROGRAMS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sample Programs

3.2.1 Use of NAND Flash (RCM4000 only)

3.2.2 Serial Co mmunication

3.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs (RCM4000 only)

3.2.4 Real-Time Clock

4. HARDWARE REFERENCE

4.1 RCM4000 Digital Inputs and Outputs

4.1.1 Memory I/O Interface

4.1.2 Other Inputs and Outputs

4.2 Serial Communication

4.2.1 Serial Ports

4.2.2 Ethernet Port

4.2.3 Programming Port

4.3 Programming Cable

4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode

4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM4000

4.4 A/D Converter (RCM4000 only)

4.4.1 A/D Converter Power Supply

4.5 Other Hardware

4.5.1 Clock Doubler

4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader

4.6 Memory

4.6.1 SRAM

4.6.2 Flash EPROM

4.6.3 NAND Flash

5. SOFTWARE REFERENCE

5.1 More About Dynamic C

5.2 Dynamic C Function Calls

5.2.1 Digital I/O

5.2.2 Serial Co mmunication Drivers

5.2.3 SRAM Use

5.2.4 Prototyping Board Functions

5.2.5 Analog Inputs (RCM4000 only)

5.3 Upgrading Dynamic C

5.3.1 Add-On Modules

6. USING THE TCP/IP FEATURES

6.1 TCP/IP Connections

6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses

6.2.1 IP Addresses Explained

6.2.2 How IP Addresses are Used

6.2.3 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses

6.3 Placing Your Device on the Network

6.4 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs

6.4.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs

6.4.2 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect

6.5 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program

6.6 Running Additional Sample Programs With Direct Connect

6.7 Where Do I Go From Here?

APPENDIX A. RCM4000 SPECIFICATIONS

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics

A.1.1 A/D Converter

A.1.2 Headers

A.2 Rabbit 4000 DC Characteristics

A.3 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit

A.4 Bus Loading