Dialog Semiconductor DA852 Series, DA8521-00-BC-1, DA8522-00-BD-1, DA8523-00-BE-1, DA8524-00-BF-1 User Manual

Display Controllers

User Guide Release 2.0

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

1 Summary

This document describes the hardware and software produced by Dialog Semiconductor to allow users to evaluate E Ink segmented displays along with the DA852X family of driver ICs from Dialog Semiconductor. The system is designed with the following objectives:

• To assess the suitability of the E Ink technology for a given product concept,

• To quickly evaluate the performance of the display (for example, in terms of its contrast ratio, look

and feel, and transition speed),

• To design the display (particularly its size, segmentation, and other parameters),

• To evaluate different driving waveforms, and

• To start the design of the software for the microcontroller being used in the system.

The software uses a PC operating Windows 2000/XP with a USB1.1 or USB2 interface. The software has not been extensively tested on Windows Vista, but has been shown to function. See Section 3.1.2

1.1 Product Lineup

The DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit series has been produced to allow evaluation of the DA852X series drivers These currently comprise:

Product Lineup

Device P/N Description Package Evaluation Kit

P/N

DA8521-00-BC-1 64 segments 80-pin 5x5mm VTLGA DA8521-eval DA8522-00-BD-1 96 segments 112-pin 6x6mm VTLGA DA8522-eval DA8523-00-BE-1 192 segments 208-pin 12x7mm VTLGA DA8523-eval DA8524-00-BF-1 256 segments 272-pin 20x10mm VTLGA DA8524-eval

All kits include a CD ROM containing documentation and driver files. The driver software uses a simple graphical interface, allowing the DA852X series board to be controlled via a USB port of a PC. The software is the same for all the different kits.

1.2 Feedback/Contact Details

We welcome feedback of all types in order to make this kit and User Guide accelerate your project development. Please direct any comments, questions, support issues or general remarks, to the Display Driver Applications Department at Dialog Semiconductor, contact details below:

Contact: Display Driver Applications Department Company: Dialog Semiconductor

Address: Windmill Hill, Whitehill Way, Swindon. SN5 6PJ. UK Telephone: +44 1793 875327 Fax: +44 1793 875328 E-mail: EPDsupport@diasemi.com

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1 SUMMARY...........................................................................................................1

1.1 Product Lineup.....................................................................................................1

1.2 Feedback/Contact Details....................................................................................1

2 HARDWARE.........................................................................................................5

2.1 DA852X Evaluation Board....................................................................................5

2.1.1 USB Connector...................................................................................................5

2.1.2 Power Supplies...................................................................................................5

2.1.3 Jumpers..............................................................................................................5

2.1.4 Expansion Input..................................................................................................6

2.1.5 Expansion Output...............................................................................................6

2.1.6 Flex Connection..................................................................................................7

2.1.7 Output Connectors..............................................................................................7

3 SOFTWARE.........................................................................................................9

3.1.1 Release Notes....................................................................................................9

3.1.2 Installation..........................................................................................................9

3.1.3 Control Panel....................................................................................................11

3.1.4 Interface Description.........................................................................................12

3.2 Common Controls..............................................................................................12

3.2.1 Device Type......................................................................................................12

3.2.2 Top Plane Connection(s)..................................................................................12

3.2.3 Field Connection(s)...........................................................................................12

3.2.4 Status Message................................................................................................12

3.2.5 USB OK? Indicator...........................................................................................12

3.3 DA852X Panel.....................................................................................................12

3.3.1 Direct Control....................................................................................................13

3.4 Parameter Control Panel....................................................................................13

3.4.1 Waveform Selection..........................................................................................15

3.4.2 File Menu..........................................................................................................16

3.4.3 Toolbar.............................................................................................................17

3.4.4 Image Controls.................................................................................................18

3.4.5 Image Information.............................................................................................20

3.5 File Formats........................................................................................................21

3.5.1 The Configuration Files.....................................................................................21

3.5.2 The Image File..................................................................................................22

3.5.3 The Map File.....................................................................................................23

3.5.4 The Slide File...................................................................................................24

3.5.5 Slide file names for numbers and alphanumerics..............................................25

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3.5.6 Number Entry...................................................................................................25

3.5.7 Alphanumeric Entry..........................................................................................26

3.6 Programming Information..................................................................................28

3.6.1 Decode states to provide drive waveform.........................................................29

3.6.2 Creating a Hex string from state outputs...........................................................30

3.6.3 Decode a hex string to state array....................................................................30

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

4 TUTORIAL – A MEMORY GAUGE EXAMPLE..................................................31

4.1 Connecting the Display Hardware.....................................................................31

4.2 Creating a New Project.......................................................................................33

4.3 Top Plane Connection........................................................................................34

4.4 Load Image of Display........................................................................................34

4.5 Mapping the Segments......................................................................................35

4.6 Creating the Map File.........................................................................................36

4.7 Creating a Slide Show........................................................................................39

5 WAVEFORM PHASE TABLE............................................................................40

6 CASCADE CONNECTION.................................................................................43

7 FLEX CONNECTION..........................................................................................44

8 TROUBLESHOOTING.......................................................................................45

8.1 Software issues..................................................................................................45

8.2 Hardware Issues.................................................................................................45

9 RELEASE NOTES FOR VERSION 2.0..............................................................46

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DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Notices

Dialog Semiconductor provides this evaluation kit (the “product”) for engineering evaluation purposes only. It is not considered suitable for use in end products.

This product contains static sensitive devices and care should be taken that it is handled appropriately to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge. Dialog Semiconductor does not assume responsibility for the safe handling of the product after it has been delivered and subsequent disposal.

As a prototype the product has not been subject to any regulatory approval (CE, FCC, etc.) and may not meet the technical requirements from such bodies for electromagnetic compatibility. Dialog Semiconductor does assume responsibility for such compliance.

Whilst care has been taken in the design of the product, Dialog Semiconductor assumes no liability from the user for any indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from use of the product or from applications assistance given in support of the product.

Dialog Semiconductor reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or condition of sale of this product.

Before using the product we recommend that the user reads both the guide and the product datasheet to familiarise themselves with the operation of the product.

Maximum supply voltages for this product are defined within this guide; operation outside these voltages may result in permanent damage to the product. Applying loads outside the range specified in this guide or the product datasheet may also result in permanent damage. It is possible that during operation with high load currents or voltages being applied, some components may operate at an elevated temperature. Care should be exercised when touching components on the board in such circumstances.

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DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

2 Hardware

2.1 DA852X Evaluation Board

The DA852X Evaluation Board comprises the DA852X device, a USB bridge for PC communication with the device, and a few external active components to reduce the requirement for external equipment. The device U3 is a level shifter, used to move the digital control signals from the 3.3v domain to the chip supply domain.

The board can be used flexibly with external hardware, and can accept connections from an external microcontroller. The board is designed to be cascadable with other DA852X boards, to allow connection of large displays with more than

256 segments.

Figure 1. DA8521 PCB layout

The hardware solution is based upon PCBs numbered 44-179-73-04/05/06/07-A for the 64, 96, 192 and 256 segment driver devices respectively.

2.1.1 USB Connector

The USB interface is used to control the board from the PC. The USB interface may also be used to power the board. The USB interface consumes approximately 50ma in the standby state.

2.1.2 Power Supplies

The board is intended to be supplied by a single 1.8v-3.3v supply attached to the two 4mm banana sockets marked VDD and GND.

It may also be powered with 3.3v directly from the USB interface by setting jumper JP1 to the USB position. Note: If JP1 is set to the External position, VDD should be powered before, or as soon as possible after the USB lead is plugged in.

2.1.3 Jumpers

JP1 This will connect VDD to the 3.3v supply generated by the USB module.

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JP2 Removing this disables the digital I/O signals from the level shifter to the DA852X. This allows direct access and

control of the chip from an external controller via the expansion input pins

JP3 Removal of this disables the Chip Select signal to the DA852X device. This would only be done if using the

external Flex connection.

JP5 Removal of this disables the StandbyB signal to the DA852X device. This would be done if the device is using

an external 15v supply, or is being operated as a slave cascaded device. JP4 Selects the 15volt supply either from the internal charge pump, or from the EXT_V15 pin. The normal positions of the jumpers are as shown below in red:

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Figure 2. Normal Position of Jumpers

2.1.4 Expansion Input

This series of test points can be used to

• Monitor the control signals from the USB interface

• Transmit the signals to external hardware (e.g. the DA852X device mounted onto a flexible PCB).

• Allow an external microcontroller to provide the control signals to the DA852X device. (Remove JP2)

• Accept the signals from the Expansion Output port of another DA852X board. (Remove JP2)

• Note that CSN1 is Active High, labelling on the PCB is incorrect

2.1.5 Expansion Output

This series of test points can be used to

• Monitor the control signals from the USB interface

• Send the control signals to the Expansion Input port of another DA852X board.

• Note that CSN is an Active High output, labelling on the PCB is incorrect.

Note that the signals DATAOUT and CLKOUT are different from the Expansion Input port. These are passed from the DATAOUT and CLKOUT pins of the DA852X device and allow cascade connection of devices

The 3V3_OUT power supply is intended to supply the USB interface components of the second board, which will not be plugged into the USB port.

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2.1.6 Flex Connection

The connectors J17 and J18 have 16 connections on a 0.5mm pitch. This is intended to connect via a suitable FPC socket or direct connection to an assembly which contains both the display surface and the driver device mounted on a flex PCB.

2.1.7 Output Connectors

The segment outputs from the DA852X device are routed to a series of parallel-connected interfaces. Note that ALL connectors are numbered from 1 upwards, whereas segment outputs are numbered from 0 upwards. That is connector pin 1 is driven by DA852X signal DD0 and connector pin 20 is driven by DA852X signal DD19.

It is anticipated that the E Ink Display has a flexible tail of at least 4mm, with a pitch down to 0.2mm. Some will be intended for direct-to-board bonding using ACF material, others will be intended to connect via an inline or low profile FPC socket. It is not possible for us to predict all the possible variations, so we have allowed for the following:

0.2mm pitch FPC connection direct-to-board

0.4mm and 0.5mm FPC connection direct-to-board or socket (64,96 output versions only).

0.3mm narrow pitch connector with staggered pins. This gives 0.6mm pitch on solder pins

0.4mm and 0.5mm narrow pitch connector with in-line pins (64,96 output versions only).

1.27mm IDC sockets for connection via ribbon cable. Typically, inline FPC sockets, for direct insertion of the FPC tail, are available for up to about 70 ways. Low profile

sockets, using complementary mating halves on PCB and flexible tail, are available for up to about 160ways. Typical manufacturers are JAE, Panasonic, Hirose, Molex etc.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

These connections are present on both sides of the PCB, allowing for top-side and bottom side connections. However, if the display in use has the connections on the same side as the visible surface, it should be appreciated that part of the display may be masked by the PCB if the flexible tail is short, as it is not possible for all the connector positions to be at the edge of the PCB.

For such a display, there are several solutions:

a) Connect the display to the top side connectors and bend the display to make the display surface visible. The

user should take care to avoid cracking of the flexible tail.

b) Add an extender PCB (flexible or rigid) to extend the tail c) Use an FPC socket (if available) with top side contacts. d) Make or purchase an interface PCB to convert from FPC to wired or Insulation Displacement connector, and

use the IDC connections on the board. Device type DA8521 DA8522 Outputs 64 96 192 256

Board no 44-179-73-04-A 44-179-73-05-A 44-179-73-07-A 44-179-73-07-A Connectors 0.2mm FPC 0.2mm FPC 0.2mm FPC 0.2mm FPC

0.4mm FPC 0.4mm FPC

0.5mm FPC 0.5mm FPC

0.3mm skt 0.3mm skt 0.3mm skt 0.3mm skt

0.4mm skt 0.4mm skt 0.4mm skt

0.5mm skt 0.5mm skt 68 way 1.27mm 100 way

1.27mm

DA8523 DA8524

3x68 way

1.27mm

4x68way

1.27mm

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The 1.27mm pitch IDC sockets we have chosen are the TX3 pin header series from JAE, which use the TX2 series IDC sockets for flat ribbon cable. These are available from several suppliers. Other connectors compatible with the PCB footprint are available (e.g. www.gtk.co.uk, www.hirose.co.jp).

Device type DA8521 DA8522 Outputs 64 96 192 256

Board no 44-179-73-04-A 44-179-73-05-A 44-179-73-07-A 44-179-73-07-A Connector 68 way 1.27mm 100 way

1.27mm

Part number TX3-68P-D2ST-

LN1E

Distributor Farnell 996-4940 Farnell 996 RS 509-9077 RS 509-9099 RS 509-9077 RS 509-9077 Mating IDC TX2-68S-D2P1-

1CE

RS 509-8939 Farnell 996-

TX3-100PD2ST-LN1E

4967

TX2-100SD2P1-1CE

4860

DA8523 DA8524

3x68 way

1.27mm TX3-68PD2ST-LN1E Farnell 9964940

TX2-68SD2P1-1CE RS 509-8939 RS 509-8939

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

4x68way

1.27mm TX3-68P-D2STLN1E Farnell 9964940

TX2-68S-D2P11CE

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DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3 Software

The E Ink Evaluation Kit software allows you to activate and deactivate the segments of the target display using a user friendly graphical user interface. This section describes version 2.0 of the software.

3.1.1 Release Notes

Version 2.0 has been upgraded extensively from earlier versions, with a new image interface. Several new features have been added, such as Inverse mode, and Waveform definitions to control the look and operation of the display transitions. Alphanumeric and numeric entry have been simplified, and the ability to modify recorded sequences included. Compatibility of sequence and initialisation files is retained, except for embedded special codes which have changed slightly. See details below in Section 9.

3.1.2 Installation

Insert the CD containing the software. If the installation does not start automatically, run the program ‘setup.exe’ from the CD containing the software. (This will be found in the directory ‘Software’ on the CD). An automated script will install the program on your PC. By default, the directory C:\ Dialog Semiconductor\Display Controllers\DA852X will be used to (hopefully) be more compatible with Windows Vista.

Plug in the USB cable, and Windows will detect the USB device. It will prompt for the drivers, which should be automatically located on the root directory of the CD. The setup file is Dlgezusb.inf.

The following images show the procedure step by step.

First step - Select “No, not this time” then “Next” Second step – Select “Install automatically”

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Third step – Select Dialog USB Driver Fourth step – “Continue Anyway”

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Fifth step – (not always produced) If prompted, select Sixth Step – Select “Finish”. D: (or your CDROM drive letter)

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If installed correctly, Dialog USB Driver (EZUSB) should be listed on Device Manager as shown above. If you are using Windows XP, you may get a message saying that a USB2 device is attached to a USB1.1 port. This can

safely be ignored. To uninstall the software please use the Windows ‘Add/Remove Programs’ function that can be found under ‘Start’-

>’Settings’->’Control Panel’. Note: This procedure may need to be repeated if the USB Interface is plugged into a different USB Port. This is a

“feature” of Windows, which identifies a USB driver as “belonging” to the port on which it was installed. The software has not been tested extensively on Windows Vista, but no problems have been identified with the software

or device driver installation. If the software is installed into the “Program Files” directory, it may not be possible to edit text files, since these are “virtualised” into the Users home folder. The software will (probably) require an administrator privelige to install.

3.1.3 Control Panel

Run the “DA852X” program by clicking the shortcut in the Start menu Start>Programs>Dialog Semiconductor>Display Controllers>DA852X_nnn.exe (where nnn is the latest version number). The best setting for the PC display size is 1024x768 pixels.. It is important to note that a display size other than the recommended setting may affect the way in which the panels appear. It will operate with both normal and large fonts.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Figure 3. Initial Interface

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3.1.4 Interface Description

The interface comprises three tabbed panels, DA852X, Image, Parameter Control Panel and some common controls Device Type, Top Plane Connection(s), Field Connection(s), Status Message, and USB indicator.

The interface has file menu items, toolbar icons and keyboard shortcuts for many of the common functions. Hovering the mouse over controls on the selected panel produces floating “tooltip” text with helpful descriptions of the

controls.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.2 Common Controls

3.2.1 Device Type

This pulldown menu selects a current Project, or allows the creation of a new User Project. We have pre-defined the first 4 and included data appropriate to those device sizes.

The user will normally select “Add Item”, (or alternatively select “New Project” on the File Menu, or “Start a New Project” on the toolbar ), provide a meaningful project name, and provide the number of output segments in use for that project. This number can be more (implying a cascade connection) or less that the outputs available on the chip.

A subdirectory under the Data directory is created to hold all the information relevant to this project. Once a project has been created, it is added to the pulldown menu, and will be reloaded whenever the software is

started.

3.2.2 Top Plane Connection(s)

The user must manually enter the output connected to the top plane connection. Usually this is easily available from the documentation provided with the display panel and by inspection of the display panel to PCB interface. If not, it can be deduced, see Tutorial.

Where the physical display has multiple connection tabs, it is possible that each tab has a connection to the top plane and field (background). If each tab were connected to an Evaluation board, two outputs with opposite phase could be shorted out. Therefore the software allows multiple top planes to be entered, e.g. “63,127,191”. All these outputs will then switch in synchronism.

3.2.3 Field Connection(s)

Entering information here is optional, but if multiple top plane connections above are being used, this allows mutiple field connection to be entered also. The connections entered will switch together always.

3.2.4 Status Message

This message box will display the current mode of the software. This is especially useful to communicate Map entry and zoom modes.

3.2.5 USB OK? Indicator

A green light here shows that the USB interface is functioning correctly. If offline mode is in use (offline=1 in [Setup] section of DA852X.ini) then the system will temporarily go online and operate

the hardware if available. The offline mode is not cancelled, however, so a restart of the software will return to offline mode.

3.3 DA852X Panel

This is the simplest interface to the attached panel, showing the current state of the segments. The number of segments shown reflects the size of the device selected. For large numbers of segments, scroll bars appear to allow access to the higher numbers.

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The software operates by keeping track of the state of the panel, i.e. which segments are black and which are white. Operation of the segment controls, image interface and sequences results in a change from an old_state to a new_state, under control of a wavefrom selection, which affects how the transition looks. Upon completion of the transition, new_state is copied to the old_state. The state of a segment does not indicate whether its physical output connection is high or low.

3.3.1 Direct Control

Clicking on any control will turn that segment dark or light. If the display has been mapped, the appropriate segment will be shown in the small thumbnail image alongside the controls.

Please note that these states do not necessarily indicate the output voltage of the segment outputs. The segment designated as the top plane connection, or connections, are greyed out and cannot be activated

separately. It will, however, be controlled by the software. If you have not used the software before, the device type selected will be DA8521 (a 64 segment device). An image of a

suitable E Ink display appears alongside.

3.3.1.1 Direct Input

The Direct Input box allows entry of a string of hex digits representing the individual states. The length of this string should be number of states/4 . If the length of the string entered is less than this, the characters entered will affect the lowest numbered states. The length of the string that can be entered is limited automatically to number of states/4 .

This box has a few practical uses, such as providing a fast way of filling all or part of the image (e.g. enter FFFFFF… until the entry limit is reached), or entering a string that is cut-and-pasted from the user’s own software to verify correct operation during system development.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.3.1.2 Hex equivalent

The Hex equivalent box shows the current output state expressed in hexadecimal. It can be useful during software development to cut-and-paste this string into external software.

3.4 Parameter Control Panel

This is used to adjust settings which affect the appearance of the panel between state changes , to change slideshow and signal timings and to access test features.

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Figure 4. Parameter Control Panel

The user is able to adjust display control timings, and activate the charge pump for a longer period to make measurements etc.

Clock Period This adjusts the timing of the serial interface. A clock period of 5 will result in each bit being transmitted

at a rate of 1.14Mb/s (250ns+5x125ns). The maximum rate using this software is 4Mb/s. The value should should be adjusted to the minimum value consistent with correct transfer across the hardware.

Standby Delay This adjusts the amount of time that the 15volt generator is allowed to charge to its final value before

data is sent and the display is enabled. A typical figure is 20ms for VDD=3.3v. It is only required that the output voltage has reached its working voltage before the display is enabled. This can be verified on an oscilloscope by monitoring pins BLANK and V15_OUT.

Standby Extend This adjusts the amount of time that the 15v generator is enabled after the transition is complete. This

should be small, and can usually be zero to conserve power.

Sequence Update Rate This sets the rate at which new sequences are displayed when in “Loop” mode. This control

can be updated from within sequence files (see Section “The Slide File “).

StandbyB Switching this to the “Always On” position allows the charge pump to be enabled for the period shown

in the box below. It will revert back at the end of the period. This is for protection of any attached display, to avoid power being applied for a prolonged period. This control is only used during development, investigating parameters such as the level of 15v ripple.

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Output Enable This will override the programmed Enable Period to enable the output drive permanently. This allows

measurment and inspection of the output drives during development.

Dialog Test Allows access to internal test modes and automated test for Dialog Semiconductor use. Requires

password which will not normally be provided.

Export Current Phase Table This will generate a text file containing the current phase table.

See Section 5 Waveform Phase Table

3.4.1 Waveform Selection

Each tab contains the parameters necessary to control 6 different predefined types of transition appearance, and one type which can be defined by the user, see 5 Waveform Phase Table. Selecting a tab changes the state transition to that mode. The mode selection is stored in the project configuration file.

The waveform can be changed temporarily (i.e. not stored in the configuration file) under control of sequence events, see section 3.5.4 “The Slide File”.

Detailed selection of the parameters will not be covered in this section. The user should ensure that the parameters T0, T1 and P0 are long enough to allow complete switching of the segment.

If the values are too short, a grey level will be produced. The default is 280ms. The types are:

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Local White then Black This is a local update waveform. Only the pixels that have a different ending state from their

starting state switch. The black-to-white (B->W) transition happens before the white-to-black (W->B) transition. This waveform is useful for non-flashy updates; however, repeated updates or long dwell times in between updates may cause image artifacts.

Local Black then White This is a local update waveform. Only the pixels that have a different ending state from their starting state switch. This is better used for inverse mode operation. The black-to-white (B->W) transition happens before the black-to-white (B->W) transition. This waveform is useful for non-flashy updates; however, repeated updates or long dwell times in between updates may cause image artifacts.

Slideshow White This is a slide show waveform. Every transition travels through white. This waveform gives a clean transition appearance when switching characters. This is useful to use when updating alphanumeric displays since it completely erases the old information before the new information is displayed. This is recommended for use with white backgrounds.

Slideshow Black This is a slide show waveform. Every transition travels through black. This waveform gives a clean transition appearance when switching characters. This is useful to use when updating alphanumeric displays since it completely erases the old information before the new information is displayed. This is recommended for use with inverse mode operation.

Global White then Black This is a global update waveform. All pixels switch during a transition. The display will switch to white then to black, before displaying the final image. This waveform is useful to clear image artifacts from the display. With optimal settings, it provides the best image performance.

Global Black then White This is a global update waveform. All pixels switch during a transition. The display will switch to black then to white, before displaying the final image. This waveform is useful to clear image artifacts from the display. With optimal settings, it provides the best image performance for inverse mode operation.

User Defined This allows the user to import his own phase table (see 5 Waveform Phase Table). The transition will be shown as a waveform or bi-level view. This is obviously an advanced function, but can be useful during system development.

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The waveforms are shown in two possible modes: Wave Mode shows the drive waveform in differential mode. This is the voltage difference between the segment and the

top plane connections. A positive value drives the segment towards black, and a negative value drives the segment towards white. The assumption here is that the top plane is always zero.

This visualisation of the transition can be the easiest to see the effect of parameter changes. Note that the device drivers does not use negative voltages, so these waveforms are conceptual. Bilevel Mode shows the waveform as logic values, and includes control over the top plane. This mode is closest to what

is actually ocurring at the device driver pins. This mode is useful to create and visualise custom phase tables (see Appendix 2) as the order of the state changes (W-B, B-W, W-W, B-B, TP) are the same as those in the phase table.

3.4.2 File Menu

File>New Project Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+N . Prompts the user for a project name and number of outputs. Creates directory for project name, and .ini configuration file to store changes. File>Open Project Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+O. Displays a list of current projects, allowing selection of new

project.

File>Import Project Allows an existing directory to be added to the Project list. This might be a project previously

deleted, or a directory manually copied from another location. The directory must contain an .ini file with the same name as the directory.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

File>Copy Project Allows the creation of a copy of the existing selected project with a new name. This is

especially useful to allow a different set of slide files to be selected, or a different map file to link to different hardware.

File>Delete Project Displays a list of current projects. Select to the left of a project to delete that project from the list.

A prompt box allows cancelling of the selection if performed in error, with a final confirmation afterward.

File>Load Image Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+I. Opens a dialog box to select an existing Windows Bitmap (.bmp)

image, which should reside in the project directory. Right-clicking here allows various navigation and copy-paste activities.

File>Load Map Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+P. Opens a dialog box to select an existing map file (.map). For a new

project this would not exist, but it could be a copy of an existing file for a similar project. Rightclicking here allows various navigation and copy-paste activities.

File>Export Phase Table This writes the current phase table to a selected file. This phase table may be modified to

achieve a new transition appearance or to remove display artifacts. See Section 5.

File>Reset Display This resets the display by ignoring its current state, and setting the display to all-white, all-

black, then all-white again. This is performed if development and testing has resulted in grey or partially on segments which cannot be cleared by a View>Clear command.

The Reset command will usually result in a white display again. Repeat if necessary. If the Invert Mode has been set, the display will finish in the black state.

File>Exit Keyboard shortcut Alt+F4. Shuts down the software, leaving the display intact.

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Map>Load Number Offset File This specifies the number offset file to be used to facilitate simple entry of numbers on

the display

Map>Load Alpha Offset File This specifies the alphanumeric offset file to be used to facilitate simple entry of

alphanumeric strings on the display

Map>Undo Last Map Entry Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Z. In map entry mode, this highlights the last box to be entered and

allows it to be deleted. Edit>Map Entry Mode Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+L. Toggles Map Entry Mode View>Refresh Keyboard shortcut F5. Refresh the PC display with no change to status. View>Invert Toggles Invert mode. This will invert the current display and all slides. View>Zoom Zoom in to image area. View>Zoom Full Show entire image area View>Map Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+M. Toggles viewing of map boxes on the image View>Fill This toggles Fill mode. Normal mode is enabled, which allows the PC screen to reflect the

physical display. The fill colour is selectable. View>Clear Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Y. Clears the image area and display.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.4.3 Toolbar

Reset Display identical to File>Reset Display

Start New Project identical to File>New Project and Add Item in Device Type pulldown

Open Project identical to File>Open Project and selecting Item in Device Type pulldown

Undo identical to Edit>Undo Last Map Entry

Zoom identical to View>Zoom

Zoom Full identical to View>Zoom Full

Clear identical to View>Clear

Refresh identical to View>Refresh

Show Map identical to View>Map

Map Entry mode identical to Map>Map Entry Mode

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3.4.4 Image Controls

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Figure 5. Image panel showing loaded bitmap and filled symbols

Alphanumeric Input Selecting “Add item” allows entry of an alphanumeric string, which will be decoded into a

series of slides. If the “Erase “ button is off, the alphanumeric string is added to the existing

display, else the screen is cleared before display.

Selecting an existing item in the list displays that item. Right-clicking on the control brings up

a control panel , which allows reordering and deletion of alphanumeric items.

Click on the text to highlight the item, then Move Item Up or Down to reorder it in the list.

Clicking on the check mark beside any alphanumeric will toggle the selection. Any unchecked

items will be removed after pressing the “Delete Unchecked” button which closes the panel.

Figure 6. Alphanumeric Control panel

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Alphanumeric loop Checking this item causes all the alphanumeric items in the list to be displayed endlessly until

it is unchecked Numeric Input Allows entry of a single number, which will be decoded into a series of slides. If the “Erase “

button is off, the number is displayed on top of the existing display, else the screen is cleared

before display. Numeric Loop Checking this item cycles all numbers up to 999 endlessly until it is unchecked. Slideshow List Selecting “Add item” allows selection of multiple, previously recorded sequences which will

be added to the list. The control panel Figure 7 is then active to allow reordering or further

selection. Selecting an existing item in the list displays that item.

Alternatively, right-clicking on the control brings up the control panel, Figure 7, to allow

addition, reordering, temporary selection and deletion of sequence items.

Click on the text to highlight the item, then Move Item Up or Down to reorder it in the list.

Clicking on the check mark beside any alphanumeric will toggle the selection.

Further files may be added to the list by pressing the “Add Files” button.

Any unchecked items will be temporarily disabled after pressing the “Disable Unchecked” or

“OK” button which closes the panel.

Any unchecked items will be removed after pressing the “Delete Unchecked” button which

closes the panel.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Selecting “Cancel” closes the panel with no changes made. All changes are reflected into the sequence list box, and also stored in the configuration file.

Figure 7. Sequence Control Panel

Erase Causes Alphanumeric and numeric inputs to be preceded by a Clear command. Use erase if

the alphanumerics or numerics are simply being looped independently, but turn it off if

alphanumeric or number input are being used as part of a slide creation. Slideshow Loop Checking this item causes all the slideshow items in the list to be displayed endlessly until it

is unchecked. The time between sequences is controlled by the Sequence Update Rate in the

Configuration panel. Play Slide Opens a Dialog box to choose single sequence to display.

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Record Slide Clicking this starts recording of all mouse clicks which toggle segment outputs. The control

turns red to indicate recording mode. Clicking Record Slide again causes the recording mode

to finish, opening a dialog box to prompt a filename for the slide. It is not necessary to add the

.txt suffix, this will be done automatically. If an existing file is selected, the option to Replace

or Cancel is provided. Waveform Transitions Indicates the type of transitions in use. See Section 3.4.1 Update Mode If Update Mode is Synchronous, mouse clicks are not transmitted immediately to display. If

mode is Immediate, mouse clicks are transmitted immediately, but this could result in fairly

slow response due to the Enable time of the display. The default mode is Immediate. Update Now Updates the display with stored mouse clicks if mode is Synchronous.

3.4.5 Image Information

Image File Name Displays Image file name Width, Height Displays Image file width and height in pixels. Visible Image Area Displays top left and bottom right coordinates of viewed area of image. This is updated during

zoom operations.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Control Bit Displays segment output associated with clicked area of the image. If area is not associated

with a segment in the map file, displays -1 MouseX, MouseY Displays position of mouse click on the panel in Bitmap units. 0,0 is in the top left of the

image. Scroll Bars These can be used when the image is zoomed in to pan the image vertically or horizontally.

The scroll bars will not allow the image to be scrolled past the limits of the bitmap. Fill Colour This allows modification of the colour which will be used to infill the symbols on the PC

display. This should not be the same colour as the outline of the symbols.

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3.5 File Formats

3.5.1 The Configuration Files

Plain text configuration files (.ini) are used to store all settings that will be restored when the program is started. DA852X.ini, stored in the Data subdirectory, contains some basic setups such as the device index selected, and the list

of user-added projects. This ini file is editable if the program is not running.

[Setup] offline=0 Device_index = 3

[User Projects] User project8 = "cascade,128" User project12 = "numerics,30"

User project13 = "memory,32" If the line “offline=0” is changed to “offline=1”, this flags to the software that hardware is not attached. Filename.ini, stored in the subdirectory filename in the Data directory is used to store settings specific to that project.

This includes the number of outputs, the location of the Map and Image files, timing parameters, and lists of sequences and alphanumerics. The file allows the project to be reopened with all parameters and settings intact from previous sessions.

[Setup]

Device = 64

ImageFile = " 520-1264_rev01_070410.BMP"

Clock Period = 5

Blank Period = 350

Standby Delay = 20

Standby Period = 420

Backplane = 63

Sequence Update Rate = 0.1

FillColour = 16711680

Fill = 1

Waveform Select = 7

MapFile = " 520-1264_rev01_070410.map"

Invert = 0

Number Offset File = Number_defs.txt"

[Alphanumerics]

Alpha1 = "a"

Alpha2 = "b"

Alpha3 = "c"

[Waveform 3]

T0 = 280

T1 = 280

T2 = 280

P0 = 280

P1 = 280

P2 = 280

P3 = 280

P4 = 280

P5 = 280

[Waveform 2]

P0 = 280

[Waveform 4]

T0 = 280

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T1 = 280

T2 = 280

P0 = 240

P1 = 280

P2 = 200

P3 = 160

P4 = 280

P5 = 130

[Waveform 6]

T0 = 280

T1 = 280

P0 = 170

P1 = 140

[Waveform 1]

P0 = 280

[Waveform 7]

Configuration File = " phase.txt"

[Waveform 5]

T0 = 280

P0 = 220

P1 = 170

[Sequences]

Sequence1 = " slide 1.txt"

Sequence2 = " slide 2.txt"

Sequence3 = " slide 3.txt"

Sequence4 = " slide 4.txt"

Sequence5 = " slide 5.txt"

Sequence7 = " slide 6.txt"

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.5.2 The Image File

The Image File is a representation of the E Ink display to be used. It will normally be generated from the CAD database used to define the Display for the manufacturer.

The Image file is a standard Windows Bitmap file (.bmp) in any colour depth, size or resolution. The software will fit this file into the available display area.

The image should have clean feature lines, do not convert from a JPEG file if this can be avoided. The feature lines can be any suitable colour. The background of the image must be white. In order for the fill routines to work correctly, there should be no breaks in the symbol outlines, and all parts of the symbol interior should be connected by white pixels in the vertical or horizontal directions. The Windows program Paint uses the same method for its own PaintFill routine, so this can be used to test the requirements.

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Figure 8. Detail of image, showing area that fill routine cannot reach

3.5.3 The Map File

The Map file is usually created by the software interactively, but can be generated by other means if this should be more efficient, particularly for large displays.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

The file (.map) is a simple text file, editable with Notepad or similar, containing the mapping of bitmap rectangles to segment control outputs.

The format is Left, Top, Right, Bottom coordinate of a bounding rectangle, followed by the Channel number which controls that segment. All the coordinates refer to the Image bitmap, where 0,0 is in the top left corner. For example,

//X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Channel

648 608 712 694 61

718 667 732 689 60

738 653 754 689 59

Comment lines are supported with // at the beginning or within a line. Note that multiple lines in the file may refer to the same control channel. Overlapping rectangles which contain the

same channel number are allowed as the map file will be searched in line order. When the “Undo” function is performed in the software, the last line of this file is deleted. It is possible to edit the file manually, but this is best performed while the file is not being used, to avoid conflict with the

internal copy of the data. This can be done by stopping the software, or by switching the project to another temporarily. For large displays which have a number of identical complex symbols, as in the example below, it can be more efficient

to create the map interactively for one symbol only, then to import this information into a spreadsheet. The map data for the remaining symbols can be created by adding position (X,Y) offsets and channel number offsets,

assuming that the connection assignments to the display are regular and predictable. The spreadsheet data can then be re-exported to the text file.

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Figure 9. Example of part of a large display with many segments

3.5.4 The Slide File

This is a simple text file (.txt) file that can be created or edited using Notepad or similar. The most usual way to create these files is from within the software, as a recorded series of mouse clicks.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

The sequence file will be a copy of the state of the display when the recording is finished. Only segments which are “black” are recorded in the file, as there is a “clear” function performed before the display of each slide.

Slide files are the key to producing effective “slideshows” using the display. Slide file names can be any alphanumeric characters to show meaning of the contents, but certain naming conventions are used to decode numbers and alphanumeric strings on the display. See the next section.

The slide consists of a series of BitmapX,Y coordinates that lie within mapped areas, along with the desired state of the segment (black=1, white=-1). This data is a recording of the mouse activity in recording mode. Coordinates are relative to the Image Bitmap, with 0,0 at the top left of the image.

The program computes the hex equivalent of the state of all the output segments at the end of the recording and presents this as a comment, which can be useful during software development.

Comment lines are supported with // at the beginning or within a line. Five “special” codes are supported in the file that can be entered manually:

-1 00 forces a “clear display” to be performed before any other processing.

It is especially useful to create a file “Erase.txt” containing only these codes, and being able to insert this anywhere in the sequence list.

-1 -1 0 or 1 Changes the Invert mode (0=Black on White, 1=White on Black). This persists until changed again.

-1 -2 nnnn Changes the Sequence Update Rate to a new value (0-9999) milliseconds. This value will persist until

changed again.

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It is especially useful to create a file “Delaynn.txt” containing only these codes, and being able to insert this anywhere in the sequence list. This allows the sequence to run at variable speeds.

-1 -3 no Changes the Waveform Transition type (valid numbers 1-7). . This value will persist until changed

again.

-1 -4 Performs Reset Display to remove any greying of the display or ghosting of the segments. The best method to use these codes is to create a suitably named slide file with just a single code.

Example file

//BitmapX BitmapY State

-1 -2 10 //delay

680 651

725 678 -1

746 671 1

769 664 -1

790 655 1

814 648 -1

//Hex data = 3f00000000000000 When the slide file is loaded, all lines are processed to derive a new state from the existing old state.

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3.5.5 Slide file names for numbers and alphanumerics

To allow simple entry of numbers and other alphanumerics from the Image panel, a special naming of the slide files is required so that the number and alphanumeric entries can be broken down into individual characters. This is simply an aid to performing common functions, the same can be achieved by using specific sequences files if required.

3.5.6 Number Entry

A numeric such as 12345678 must be broken down into its constituent parts to be displayed as in Figure 10 below

Figure 10. A typical Numeric display

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Figure 11. Segments making up each numeric

The number 1 must appear in the leftmost segment display position (10 in the figure above), number 2 in the next position etc. As the software cannot know where these segments are located, a sequence file is required for each number 0-9.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Capture a sequence which represents the number 0 in any segment position. This would involve clicking on segments A-F. Save this as filename 0.txt . Clear the display and repeat for numbers 1 thru 9.

2. Test the numbers 0-9 using the Numeric Loop button.

3. Create a file (default name is number_defs.txt). This should contain the following:

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

0 X0 Y0

1 X1 Y1

2 X2 Y2

Etc for all numbers…

X0,Y0 is a reference position of the character location used to generate the numerics 0-9. It can be any identifiable point of the symbol, such as the centre point, or lower left. The only requirement is that the same identifiable point is present on all copies of the character.

X1,Y1 is the identified position of the units location. (This is probably the same as X0,Y0).

X2, Y2 is the identified position of the tens location.

X3,Y3 thru Xn,Yn will be the identified position for the hundreds position and upwards.

Test the number decode at any point using the Numeric Input box. This file will be used to shift the numeric slide files into the correct locations to make up a number on the screen (up to

2,000,000,000).

3.5.7 Alphanumeric Entry

To enter the word “TEST” using the alphanumeric entry box, to appear on the display shown in Figure 9 must be involves some breaking down of the entry string.

The letter T must appear in the leftmost position, then E followed by S and T in the last position. The DA852X software contains some routines to allow this to happen if slide files are generated with the correct naming convention.

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The procedure is as follows:

1. Capture a slide which represents the letter A in any segment position. This would involve clicking on segments A-N. Save this as filename A.txt . Clear the display and repeat for letters B through Z and 0 through 9.

2. Test the letters A-Z 0-9 using the Alphanumeric input control.

3. Create a file (default name is alpha_defs.txt). This should contain the following:

0 X0 Y0

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Figure 12. Example Alphanumeric display

1 X1 Y1

2 X2 Y2

Etc for all alphanumeric character locations

X0,Y0 is a reference position of the character location used to generate the alphanumerics A-Z, 0-9. It can be any identifiable point of the symbol, such as the centre point, or lower left. The only requirement is that the same identifiable point is present on all copies of the character.

X1,Y1 is the identified position of the leftmost location. (This may be the same as X0,Y0).

X2, Y2 is the identified position of the next location to the right.

X3,Y3 through Xn,Yn will be the identified position for the next positions to the right.

It is always possible to construct a slide for a defined word that does not use this mechanism, e.g. create a sequence “TEST.txt” which places the word TEST on the above display. You are free to choose whichever method is most convenient to you.

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DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.6 Programming Information

This section provides information useful to the software developer in programming an application using the DA852X device.

The DA852X EPD driver is a very simple device with an SPI interface. Serial data is streamed into the device and latched by the LATCH signal if the CS signal is high. The last data bit sent will appear at output DD0. Databits in the bitstream will cause the appropriate outputs to switch to 15volts for a period determined by the BLANK signal.

The E-Paper process requires a differential voltage across each segment, such that +15v will switch the segment to black, -15v will switch to white. The DA852X driver achieves this using only a single +15v supply by switching the TopPlane connection as one of its outputs to achieve the differential voltage. This does, however, cause slightly more complication in the software since the connection designated as the Top Plane must be managed.

Consider two adjacent segments S1 and S0. The connected outputs are D1 and D0 with TOP as the top plane connection

S0 S1 TOP D0 D1 Comment White White 0v 0v 0v Initial state Black White 0v +15v 0v

Black Black 0v 0v +15v

White Black +15v 0v +15v

White White +15v +15v 0v

S0 switches on, S1 remains off S1 switches on, S0 remains on S0 switches off, S1 remains on S1 switches off, S0 remains off

As you can see, the outputs D0 and D1 depend upon previous state as well as the desired state. The term state is used here to denote the desired display condition of a segment, black or white.

For transition between each state, we can express the following relationships.

1. If any segment switches from a Black state to a White state, the Top-Plane shall be high, else it is low.

2. For each segment that must switch from Black to White, its Data output shall be zero.

3. If any segment remains constant while the Top-Plane is high, its Data output shall be one.

4. For each segment that must switch from White to Black, while Top-Plane is zero, its Data output shall be one.

In simple terms this means that Data outputs will be the same state as the Top-Plane if they are not to change, and opposite to the Top-plane if they are to change. It will be understood from this if some segments change from White to Black, and others from Black to White, then two separate operations are required.

The reason behind this “complication” is to retain charge balancing in the display. It is required that only one packet of charge switches the display elements in a positive or negative direction. Successive packets in the same direction will cause overdriving, resulting in a partially stuck segment, which appears as a “ghost”. Another way to view this to say that DC balance must be maintained at zero.

The following code snippets are provided as an aid to the developer. They are written in ANSI C, so should be transportable to most development environments with minimal change. They are provided as is.

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3.6.1 Decode states to provide drive waveform

These two functions Decode_Transitions, and senddata are the principal means by which changes of state are converted into bit outputs.

They both use the following global variables, although these could obviously be modified to pass the data as parameters. device=number of outputs in use (Global variable) state[]=desired state of segment outputs (Global variable) old_state[]=current state of segment outputs (Global variable)

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int Decode_Transitions (short int *change_state) //Take state[] and old_state[] to decide transitions for each bit. //return array change_state, which is in same format as phase table.

// new old // W>W is 4 0 0 // B>W is 2 0 1 // W>B is 1 1 0 // B>B is 8 1 1

// TP is 16 - Top Plane is not used here. { short i,a,b; for (i=0;i<device;i++){ a=state[i]&0x01;b=old_state[i]&0x01; change_state[i]=((a&&b)<<3)|((!a&&!b)<<2)|((!a&&b)<<1)|((a&&!b)); } return 0; }

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void senddata(void) //Uses array Phase_table[], and phase_count to drive outputs. These are global

variables. //Phase table contains details of transitions and delays //Bits 0 to 3 are WB,BW,WW,BB in that order, Bit 4 is TP //Next byte is delay in ms/10 //phase length is number of transitions { int i,j; short change_state[MAX_OUTPUTS];

Decode_Transitions (&change_state[0]); //set Standby off setbit(ONOFFB,1); Delay(standby_delay/1000);

for (j=0;j<phase_length;j++){ for (i=0;i<device;i++) { d[i]=(change_state[i]&(phase_table[j*2]&0x0F))?1:0; //bitwise AND } d[topplane]=((phase_table[j*2]&TP)&TP)?1:0; //bitwise AND LoadVector(); //Construct serial bitstream with d[] and clocks.

Output(); //Output bitstream Delay((double)phase_table[j*2+1] *0.01); //Delay in 10ms increments setbit(BLANK,1); }

//Blank is high while transmitting data.

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Delay((standby_extend)/1000); setbit(ONOFFB,0); //now update old_state[] with current values for (i=0;i<device;i++) { old_state[i]=state[i]; } return; }

3.6.2 Creating a Hex string from state outputs

It may be convenient to treat long arrays as hex strings, for import and export purposes. This function will convert between hex string and state array.

Input: state[] array as global variable Output: OutputString as global variable Globals: topplane, device

void Create_String(void) { int i,val; char string[MAX_OUTPUTS]="";

state[topplane]=0;

for (i=device-1;i>=3;i=i-4) { val=state[i]*8+state[i-1]*4+state[i-2]*2+state[i-3]; sprintf(string,"%s%x",string,val); } strcpy (OutputString,string); return ; }

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

3.6.3 Decode a hex string to state array

It may be convenient to treat long arrays as hex strings, for import and export purposes. This function will convert between hex string and state array.

Input: pointer to data string Output: state[] array as global variable Globals: topplane, device

Int String_to_Array ( char *data) { int i,j,val,length; int index; char *poi=NULL;

for (i=0;i<(length);i++){ poi=&data[length-1-i]; //rightmost character sscanf (poi, "%1x", &val); //convert one character

//decode variable into its constituent 4 bits for (j=0;j<=3;j++){ index=4*i+j; if ((index<=device-1)&(index>=0)&(index!=topplane)) state[index]=(val>>j)&0x01; } } return 0; }

length=strlen(data);

// to decimal equivalent.

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DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

4 Tutorial – A Memory Gauge Example

This section of the guide takes you step-by-step through the process of connecting and setting up a new display. We’ll use a fairly simple numeric “Memory Gauge” display as an example, as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13. Details of Memory Display

The display is 33mm x 15mm overall size, with 30 active segments. The connector is 32 ways 0.5mm pitch contacts on the bottom of the display, with pins 31 and 32 uncommitted. We are going to connect this display to the DA8521 Evaluation 64 Segment Board. We’ll assume that the display is to be connected to the board directly, and that FPC connectors will not be used. This information has been provided by E-ink, which should allow simple connection and allocation of the segments. It is possible that you do not have this information to hand, (i.e. the person who has it is on holiday!), or the information might be out of date, in which case I will lead you through the steps to sort this out later in this tutorial.

4.1 Connecting the Display Hardware

First, connect the display to the PCB. This is achieved by positioning the display contacts on the 0.5mm pitch connector J6 on the top side of the PCB (see Figure 14), securing the contact with a piece of matt adhesive tape. Use a type with low stickiness to avoid leaving residue on the PCB. For the 0.5mm pitch the connector of this display, it is just possible to align the connector correctly with the naked eye. For smaller pitch connectors, some magnification is required.

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Figure 14. Evaluation board with display connected

You are free to choose where to position the display contacts relative to the connector. Here I have chosen to align the leftmost contact (pin 32 on the display) with pin 1 of the connector. Therefore the Top Electrode will be at pin 32 of J6 (or segment output 31). We will need this information later.

Figure 15. Close up of connections

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Use the clamp provided to ensure a good connection with an even pressure. Don’t tighten the clamp too much, it can flex and give a less effective pressure.

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Figure 16. Clamp fitted to ensure good connections

That is job done, we move on now to working with the software. For troubleshooting, see Section 8.2.

4.2 Creating a New Project

We’ll assume that you have followed the instruction on page 9 onwards, and have successfully installed the software and USB driver. If not, do it now.

Start the software by selecting Start>Programs>Dialog Semiconductor>Display Controllers>DA852X. You will be greeted by the image in Figure 17.

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Figure 17. Initial screen

You will now want to create a new project to match the fitted display. We’ll call it „memory“.

Press the „New Project“ icon and enter „memory“ into the popup box. Enter „32“ for the number of outputs, as the display has 32 connections, even though 2 of them are not used. The number of outputs tells the software what is the maximum output used.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

4.3 Top Plane Connection

Next, enter the output number for the top plane connection into the box at the bottom of the screen. In our example case this is easy, the information tells us that it is the rightmost connection, which is attached to pin 32. This is output segment 31 in the software. Watch out for this- pins of connectors are always numbered from 1, but outputs from many chips including this one, number from 0. Enter 31 into the box.

What happens if you don’t know the pin number of the top plane connection? It will usually be the last used pin on the left or right of the display, there may be dummy connections outside. The top plane connection is visible on the right or left of the display by a large rectangular „blob“ , so the position of this will tell you which end of the connector is used for the top plane.

4.4 Load Image of Display

Next we need to load in a bitmap image of the display to be used. With any luck, you have a CAD database with a clean artwork for the display. You can export a bitmap from this in

Windows .bmp format. Size and bit depth is irrelevant. If not, the information may be present in a Adobe Acrobat .pdf document as in Figure 17 of this document. You can

select an appropriate area, copy it, and paste into Windows Paint program or any other graphical editor. Some retouching can be carried out to remove arrows, text etc if you wish.

Save this file into the newly created directory c:\Dialog Semiconductor\Display Controllers\DA852X\Data\Memory

Press the tab „Image“ to change to the image view:

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Select File>Load Image (or Ctrl I if you prefer) and select the image you have just saved. You will now see Figure 18 Error! Reference source not found. on the screen. The bitmap may look a little different

depending on how much cleaning up you have done.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Figure 18. Image Screen with bitmap loaded

4.5 Mapping the Segments

Now is the fun part, we need to map the segments of the display to the connected segment outputs. There are two ways to do this: calculation from the supplied information, or interactively on the display. From the information in Figure 13, and by inspection of the connections that we previously made, segment G of location

10 (pin 30) would be assigned to output 2 (3rd connection on display), segment F would be output 3 etc. The field connection is output 330, and the top plane output 31.

We could therefore add the list of outputs to a paper copy of figure 11. The second method, if the information is not readily available, is to activate individual segment outputs by using the

controls on the DA852X tab. Clicking the round numbered controls will switch the outputs individually. The change in state of the segment on the display can be observed, and the number written onto a paper copy of the display inside the segment. Repeat until finished!

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4.6 Creating the Map File

Select Edit>Map Entry Mode (or Ctrl L). This enters Map Entry mode (signified by the cursor changing to a rectangle) where it is expected that you will click on a

position on the image map, drag the mouse to create a rectangle, and release the mouse. For proper operation of the fill routine on the image, it is required that the centre dot lies within the symbol. (This forms the initial point for the fill). A box will then popup, prompting you to enter a segment output number, derived by one of the two methods above. For odd shapes or diagonal shapes, it is quite acceptable to create multiple rectangles, even overlapping, which all have the same output segment number.

If different symbols, or parts of symbols, are electrically connected on the display and will turn on together, the above should be repeated with boxes with the same segment number for each. This doesn’t affect the appearance of the physical display, only the PC image.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

Figure 19. Map Entry mode

Selecting View>Map, Ctl M or the Map icon allow the previously defined boxes to be displayed.

A zoom function is available View>Zoom or the Zoom icon allows you to get close in as in Figure 20 below. This shows the use of overlapping rectangles. The scroll bars allows you to pan around. Note that the dot at the centre of each rectangle should lie within the symbol. The rectangles represent the area in which you can click to activate the segment. The fill program will colour the whole of the segment. Boxes may not overlap if they are associated with different segments.

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Figure 20. Zoomed image showing map areas

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If you make a mistake, use Undo (Edit>Undo Last map Entry, Ctrl Z, or the Undo icon to highlight and delete a box.

You can view the full display again by View>Zoom Full or the icon , and refresh the display by View>Refresh, Ctrl F5, or the icon .

When you have completed this, and mapped all areas to segment outputs, you can turn off Map Entry mode, turn off the Map view mode, and test the mapping.

First reset the display by File>Reset Display. The display should turn black, then all white. Make sure that Update Mode is set to Immediate.

Now click on any segment on the image map. The segment should fill with the colour you have selected and the corresponding segment on the display should turn black.

If all segments are correct, enjoy the moment, grab a coffee, you’re most of the way there!

If there are segments not mapped yet, enter map entry mode again and add more rectangles.

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If there are segments in error, you can either do multiple Undo’s, which could be painful, or you can manually edit the map file. First, move the mouse over the segment in error and note the Control Bit from the box on the lower right hand side of the display.

Open the file with Notepad or similar simple text editor. Each entry in the map file contains the X,Y coordinate of the upper left and lower right of the bounding rectangle you created, and the linked segment output.

//X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Channel 648 608 712 694 61 718 667 732 689 60 738 653 754 689 59

You can find the line in error from the channel number you noted earlier and delete it.

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Save the file again.

Click the Map Icon twice to reload the map file, and the offending rectangle will be removed. It can then be entered correctly.

Figure 21. A completed map

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4.7 Creating a Slide Show

The next part of the process will be largely specified by you. You will be storing sequences of mouse clicks to produce a series of displays, possibly for demonstration purposes, but also for engineering development.

For the purposes of this tutorial, I’ll assume that the primary motivation is to get a demonstrator ready in short order, with a representative series of displays or slideshow.

At this point, you can either create a set of slides with random numbers, or generate sequences for all the possible numbers for automatic incrementing.

The first option is obviously quicker. We’ll do this first.

Clear the display by pressing the Clear button , then press the Record Sequence button. Click inside the appropriate segments of the digits to create 123MB, save as “123MB”. The software will add the suffix

“.txt“. Similarly create any other numbers you wish, possibly including the decimal point and the GB symbol. Suppose we now have the files 123MB.txt, 456MB.txt, 1GB2.txt and 840MB.txt stored. These can now be added to the

sequence list by clicking on “Add Item” on the Sequence control. A popup file select box opens to allow you to select these files.

Hold Control key while clicking to select multiple files, or Shift key to select a consecutive group of files. Click the “Add” key, then “OK”. Now you can reorder, delete, or add more files before clicking “OK” or “Delete Unchecked”.

To run this sequence, click the “Loop” button next to the sequence list. Your sequences will now cycle and repeat indefinitely until the “loop” button is unchecked. To change the speed of the

slideshow globally, press the “Parameter Control Panel” tab, and change the Slideshow Update Rate at the top centre. This slideshow might very well be suitable, but what options are available to modify it? The first modification is a variable sequence update rate. We can have some slides run longer than others. Create a text file “Delay 100ms.txt” using Notepad or similar program. Enter in the file the line “-1 -2 100”, and save the

file. The “-1” number signals a special code, “-2” signals delay code , and the “100” means 100milliseconds. If this file is included in the sequence list, the Sequence Update Rate will be changed to 100ms. Creating multiple files

with different update rates will allow variable delay times. The second method of sequence generation for this display is automatic number generation. I’ll refer you back to page 25 at this point for the details. The crucial point is that you have to create files 0.txt through

9.txt, and the number_defs.txt file. For this display, a slideshow of a number counting up may be a little dull, but it can work well for other segmented displays.

Obviously this tutorial is necessarily limited in scope, but hopefully it covers the basic procedures to get you up-andrunning with your display. The slideshow mode is most satisfying to generate, allowing you to prototype your product very quickly.

We’ll be very happy to receive feedback on the software and this document, with bugs, request for features, appreciations and criticisms, all most welcome. See the contact details in section 1.2.

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5 Waveform Phase Table

The Appearance of the transitions between slides is controlled by the Waveform selection, 6 of which are already defined (Local White then Black, Local Black then White, Slideshow White, Slideshow Black, Global White then Black, Global Black then White). All use the concept of a waveform phase table as their core.

The ability to import a phase table permits fine control over image transitions, or allows new transition types to be generated. Please note however that it is possible to generate waveforms which could damage the display by application of incorrect signals.

The phase table is made up of up to 64 pairs of bytes. The first code byte describes the state of an individual output and the top plane connection at an instant in time during the transition from one state to another.

A segment can only have one of 4 possible conditions when moving between states: White > White , White > Black , Black > White, Black > Black as shown in the diagram below. Since these cannot be accomplished at the same time, the Top Plane (TP) is controlled by the phase table.

0 0 0 Top Plane Black>Black White>White Black>White White>Black

A one in any location implies that any output of the device will be high if its state change matches the entry in the phase table entry.

The second byte defines the duration of the phase in units of 10ms. It is probably easiest to see this in action by considering the following waveform, taken from one of the predefined

waveforms. The parameters have been adjusted to give a larger number of transitions, and do not necessarily produce a good image transition.

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The above images show the Wave view and Bilevel view for the same transition. The wave view is indicating the voltage across the segment, which is the difference between the segment drive and the

Top Plane voltage. This can be positive or negative.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

The Bilevel view is indicating the actual drive voltage, and is easier to decode and modify the phase transition table. For this waveform, the exported phase table is

//Phase is TP,B>B W>W B>W W>B //Duration is x10ms //Phase Duration

0x15 19 0x17 9 0x00 5 0x0f 18 0x0b 6 0x0a 2 0x08 2 0x00 5 0x19 18 0x1d 13 0x00 0

It can be seen that the values in the phase table are visible by the hex value of the bi-level waveform at each time point. The phase table is a very powerful and flexible way to manage the transition between states.

Phase Duration TP B<B W>W B>W W>B Elapsed time ms 0x15 19 1 0 1 0 1 0 0x17 9 1 0 1 1 1 190 0x00 5 0 0 0 0 0 280 0x1f 18 1 1 1 1 1 330 0x0b 6 0 1 0 1 1 510 0x0a 2 0 1 0 1 0 570 0x08 2 0 1 0 0 0 590 0x00 5 0 0 0 0 0 610 0x19 18 1 1 0 0 1 660 0x1d 13 1 1 1 0 1 840 0x00 0 0 0 0 0 0 970

Manipulation of the timings can effectively remove any traces of ghosting and fade.

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An example of an alternative phase table is given by the following file:

//Phase is TP,W>B B>W W>W B>B //Duration is x10ms

//Phase Duration 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3 0x1d 3 0x01 3

This results in the following waveform:

The White to Black and Black to White transitions have been shortened to 30ms and alternated 10 times. Each transition is not long enough to result in a complete Black to White, or White to Black change, but after 10 such cycles the change is accomplished.

DA852X E Ink Evaluation Kit

The visual effect of this waveform is that Black to White and White to Black transitions effectively take place simultaneously.

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6 Cascade Connection

Using the Expansion connectors, multiple boards of any type can be connected together to produce a display driver of any size. The software supports this mode of operation. It is assumed that the output connectors used will be the

1.27mm IDC headers, connected via ribbon cable to a remote display, unless the display in use has multiple connection tapes.

A special PCB (part number 44-179-73-08A) is required to connect boards together, please contact your supplier if this has not been supplied with a purchase of two or more eval kits.

Points to note:

• The second (slave) driver is configured for external power supply and external 15v.

• The second (slave) driver board has jumpers JP2 and JP3 removed.

USB cable

Remove

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7 Flex Connection

It is possible to use the evaluation board to interface between a PC and a DA852X mounted on a flex cable, which is the “tail” of an E Ink display.

Display

Bumped die

Capacitors

Flex PCB

ZIF connector

or clamp

Eval kit PCB

Figure 22. Concept of die on FPC

The connector pin numbers have been chosen to make the routing to the chip on the FPC as simple as possible. For convenience, the second connector J18 is reversed from J17 to allow for a flex with connections on the top.

Figure 23. FPC Connector signal assignments (J17 shown)

CS LATCH STANDBYB DATAIN CLKIN BLANK TESTEN TESTOUT VDD VSS AVSS DATAOUT CLKOUT 15VOUT 15VIN 6VOUT

0.5 mm

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8 Troubleshooting

8.1 Software issues

The USB device should install without difficulty automatically. Make sure that the installation finds and uses the driver contained on the CD.

The software may require administrator privileges to install on the machine to be used. If the software is started before the USB kit is plugged in, the program will prompt for Offline mode, which can be useful

to familiarise oneself with the software without the hardware attached. The software is optimised for a display screen size of 1024 by 768 pixels or greater, with Fonts set to Normal (96dpi).

There have been reported issues of unpredictable display effects when large fonts (120dpi) are used. This can be changed by right-clicking on the desktop, select Properties. Select the Settings tab, select Advanced, then Normal size from the drop-down box.

If no image is present on the Image panel, perform the “Load Image” and “Load Map” operations again.

If the display does not change when a segment on the image is clicked, check that the “Update mode” button is set to “Immediate”. Also check that the correct project is loaded. Does the number of segments match the PCB and display in use?

8.2 Hardware Issues

To verify that the hardware is correctly communicating with the software, monitor signal “StandbyB” at the edge of the board with a Digital Voltmeter or oscilloscope. This should switch high and low when the toggle switch “StandbyB” on the “Parameter Control Panel” is toggled. If signal V15_OUT is monitored, this will switch between 0v and 15v at the same time.

If no output is being produced, check that the jumpers are in the correct positions, see Figure 2. Especially check that the Power Supply jumper JP1 is in the correct position.

It is important to align the display correctly onto the connector. Any misalignment can result in two outputs being shorted together. When this happens, the 15v charge pump will be overloaded and fail to reach the correct voltage. If possible, use a microscope or magnifying glass to perform the alignment, and a piece of “Magic Tape” or similar to hold the display connector in position while the connector is being clamped.

If the display in use has multiple connectors, it is very likely that each connector has a connection to the Top Plane and the Field connection. Any outputs driving these connectors are then effectively in parallel. It is vital that the Top Plane connections box and the Field Connection box have the correct entries., e.g if outputs 95 and 191 are top_plane, and 94 and 190 are field connection, then the boxes should contain “95,191” and “94, 190” respectively.

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9 Release Notes for Version 2.0

This is a major release, with many new features. As far as possible, this has been made backwards compatible with the previous version 1.2.

Some changes may be necessary to slide files, as these are no longer incremental (i.e. slide files now contain all black segments of the display, not just changes).

1. Implement flood fill as well as red dots for showing set segments. Mode to be selectable in View Menu, and colour to be selectable.

2. Implement new method for alphanumerics and numbers. File Alpha_def.txt contains origin coordinates for all similar alphanumerics. File Number_def.txt contains origin coordinates for all similar numbers. File format is [number] x-origin, y-origin. [number] is the position. For numbers this is units, tens, hundreds etc. For alphaumerics this is left pos, left+1 etc.

For each alpha or number, take each coordinate in turn, subtract x and y offset of 1st char, then add the value onto each sucessive origin value. e.g. Alpha_def.txt contains 0 120 250 1 320 250 2 420 250

File a.txt contains //BitmapX BitmapY 127 439 127 340 195 262 271 341 271 437 156 391 240 391 //Hex data = 0000000000764400

To write AAA we take A.txt, subtract 120 from each X, add 120 to each X, subtract 250 from each Y, add 250 to each Y, then set this position. Then we take A.txt, subtract 120 from each X, add 320 to each X, subtract 250 from each Y, add 250 to each Y, then set this position. Then we take A.txt, subtract 120 from each X, add 420 to each X, subtract 250 from each Y, add 250 to each Y, then set this position.

3. Find memory leak from pictures.

4. Make load of image from file be once only, not each time it is refreshed. Need to hold copy of original bitmap in memory, and bitmap modifed by files etc.

5. New Waveform function. Selectable waveform definitions. Define by Eink. Each waveform should open new dialog box with parameters and waveform picture.

6. Make mouse position boxes be pixel coordinates, not canvas coordinates.

7. Make direct entry box of hex values MUCH faster- cut down on processing and screen rewrites.

8. Clean up Icons.Need better images.Use capital letter for simplicity.

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9. Make Update immediately mode be the default.

10. Make box select and zoom selection be able to do any direction, top left to bottom right, top right to bottom left, or bottom left to top right, or bottom right to top left.

11. Fix multiple zooming.

12. Add toolbar button for Reset.

13. Get rid of error message in offline mode.

14. Make offline mode safe if used with USB. Needs to initialise if possible to define output states.

15. Changing top plane position should delete other top plane positions.

16. Add multiple positions for top plane and field for cascaded displays.

17. 20way display DA8520 no longer offered.

18. During recording, add radio click, hex input,alpha inputs and number inputs.

19. Fix bug of map boxes disappearing during zoom.

20. Implement Invert mode. Add special code to sequence file to automate.

21. Record Sequence append mode should remove matching entry with opposite phase.

22. Scale Image panel to allow for max size. (Main panel scales, Image does not).

22. Change selected Waveform type tab to red.

23. When selecting new colour, refresh screen with new selected colour.

24. Reflect active tab of waveform onto image panel

25. Move Export Phase table button to parameter panel.

26. Make Offline mode work correctly. Pressing USB OK? goes to USB attempt and does not start timer. Allow Quit gracefully

27. Trap overlapping boxes of different channel numbers when adding map boxes.

28. Right click on image implements "Last View", after a zoom operation.

29. Allow multiple coupled Field connections even if no couple Top Plane connections.

30. Remove term "sequence" and replace everywhere with "slide".

31. When recording a slide, add into the file all the existing set bits, so that slide is complete and not incremental.

32. During rapid mouse clicks, remember the mouse position when the click was made, rather than position when it is processed.

33. Resequenced Waveform options to Local W>B, Local B>W, Slideshow W>B, Slideshow B>W, Global W>B, Global B>W, User_Defined

34. Fix bug in User Waveform selection.

35. Unload map and image on opening new project.

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36. Make filenames in ini files local UNLESS selected filename is not in current project directory.

37. Fixed bug in switching projects if scroll bar used.

38. Add Cancel buttons to Sequence list and alpha list to "do nothing"

39. Fixed bug in vertical scroll bar which allowed it to scroll too far.

40. Cancel in "Load Image" deletes existing image.

41. Added cancel to "map entry" dialog box.

42. Added cancel to "delete project" dialog box.

43. Added cancel to "Open project" dialog box.

44. Deselecting Map View mode should cancel map entry mode.

45. Add files in slide list sometimes makes existing files disappear.

46. Fixed broken Synchronous mode.

47. Make Loop controls not active at the same time.

48. Trap invalid or suspect phase table files

49. Added display check routine to Dialog Test page.

50. Fix blank alphanumeric input.

51. Make Slideshow more responsive by polling "Loop" buttons continuously

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52. Make installation default to “C:\Dialog Semiconductor\Display Controllers\DA852x to allow Vista to process correctly.

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