DEVA BROADCAST Band Scanner GPS DEVA Broadcast Band Scanner GPS.pdf

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Band Scanner GPS

FM Band Spectrum Analyzer

and RDS/RBDS Decoder-Reader

12 Channel GPS Receiver

Publish Date: 03-Jan-2018

Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6

Typographic conventions .................................................................................................................. 7

General Information .......................................................................................................................... 8

Product Features ............................................................................................................................. 9

Technical Specications ................................................................................................................ 10

Front Panel.................................................................................................................................... 12

Rear Panel ..................................................................................................................................... 12

Technical Matters ............................................................................................................................. 13

Before you start ................................................................................................................................ 14

Unpacking and Inspection .............................................................................................................14

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) ............................................................................................. 14

RDS: Europe vs America ................................................................................................................ 15

The RDS System .............................................................................................................................. 15

RDS Applications Supported ......................................................................................................... 16

AF ................................................................................................................................................. 16

CT .................................................................................................................................................. 16

DI ..................................................................................................................................................16

ECC ............................................................................................................................................... 16

EON ............................................................................................................................................... 17

EWS ............................................................................................................................................... 17

IH ...................................................................................................................................................17

M/S ............................................................................................................................................... 17

ODA ...............................................................................................................................................17

PI .................................................................................................................................................. 18

PIN ................................................................................................................................................ 18

PS ................................................................................................................................................. 18

PTY ............................................................................................................................................... 18

PTYN ............................................................................................................................................. 18

RT ................................................................................................................................................. 19

RT+ ............................................................................................................................................... 19

TA .................................................................................................................................................. 20

TDC ............................................................................................................................................... 20

TMC ...............................................................................................................................................20

TP ................................................................................................................................................. 20

Loading and Running The Software .............................................................................................. 21

Minimal System Requirements ...................................................................................................... 21

Installing the Software................................................................................................................... 21

Installing The USB Port Driver ................................................................................................... 22

Manual installation under Windows 7 ...................................................................................... 22

Manual installation under Windows XP ................................................................................... 25

Using the Band Scanner Software .................................................................................................. 27

General Settings ............................................................................................................................... 29

Common Visuals............................................................................................................................... 30

FM Tuner, Modes and Presets......................................................................................................... 31

FM Tuner Settings ......................................................................................................................... 32

Memory Presets ............................................................................................................................. 33

FM Band Spectrum Analyzer .........................................................................................................34

Band Analyzer Settings .................................................................................................................. 36

Band Analyze ................................................................................................................................. 37

Peak Find Methods ....................................................................................................................... 38

Highest Peak ............................................................................................................................. 38

All Peaks ................................................................................................................................... 38

Every 100 kHz ........................................................................................................................... 38

Band Info Table ............................................................................................................................. 39

Band Analyzer Results Saving ....................................................................................................... 40

Band Comparison .......................................................................................................................... 41

Band Analyzer Extras .................................................................................................................... 42

FM Analyzer ..................................................................................................................................... 43

Integration Dened ....................................................................................................................... 43

US FCC Measurement Method ..................................................................................................... 43

Main Screen ................................................................................................................................... 44

FM Analyzer Settings .................................................................................................................... 46

FM Spectrum ................................................................................................................................. 47

MPX Deviation .............................................................................................................................. 48

PILOT Level .................................................................................................................................. 49

RDS Level ...................................................................................................................................... 50

LEFT & RIGHT Level ................................................................................................................... 51

RDS Data and Detailed RDS Group’s Analyzer ........................................................................... 52

Section “MAIN” with all mandatory RDS functions .................................................................... 52

Raw RDS Data Stream .................................................................................................................. 54

Group Detector.............................................................................................................................. 55

Group Analyzer ............................................................................................................................. 56

Group Replayer ............................................................................................................................. 57

Short description of all groups analyzed ....................................................................................... 58

Type 0A & 0B groups: Basic tuning and switching information ................................................... 58

Type 1A & 1B groups: Program Item Number and slow labeling codes ......................................59

Type 2A & 2B groups: Radiotext ................................................................................................... 60

Type 3A & 3B groups: Application identication for Open data .................................................. 61

Type 4A & 4B groups: Clock-time and date, Open data application ............................................ 62

Type 5A & 5B groups: Transparent data channels or ODA .......................................................... 63

Type 6A & 6B groups: In-house applications or ODA .................................................................. 64

Type 7A & 7B groups: Radio Paging or ODA .............................................................................. 65

Type 8A & 8B groups: Trafc Message Channel or ODA ............................................................66

Type 9A & 9B groups: Emergency warning systems or ODA ....................................................... 67

Type 10A & 10B groups: Program Type Name (10A) and Open data (10B) ................................ 68

Type 11A & 11B groups: Open Data Application .........................................................................69

Type 12A & 12B groups: Open Data Application ......................................................................... 70

Type 13A & 13B groups: Enhanced Radio Paging or ODA ......................................................... 71

Type 14A & 14B groups: Enhanced Other Networks information (EON) .................................... 72

Type 15A & 15B groups: Fast basic tuning and switching information ....................................... 73

RadioText Plus (RT+) .................................................................................................................... 74

GPS Monitor ..................................................................................................................................... 75

GPS Monitor Settings .................................................................................................................... 75

GPS Monitor ................................................................................................................................. 76

Sky View ......................................................................................................................................... 78

Scheduler .......................................................................................................................................... 79

Campaign Manager ...................................................................................................................... 79

Frequency Campaign ...............................................................................................................79

PI Campaign ............................................................................................................................. 80

Scheduler Settings ......................................................................................................................... 81

Scheduler Control.......................................................................................................................... 82

Side Effects .................................................................................................................................... 84

Visualisation in Google Earth ......................................................................................................... 85

Google Earth Settings ................................................................................................................... 85

Measurements Visualisation in Google Earth ............................................................................... 87

Look and Feel Google Earth ......................................................................................................... 88

Print Capabilities ............................................................................................................................. 91

Log Capabilities ............................................................................................................................... 92

RDS Log Settings ........................................................................................................................... 92

Tracking the History Saved in the RDS Log .................................................................................. 93

FM Log Settings ............................................................................................................................ 96

Tracking the History Saved in the FM Log ................................................................................... 97

Tracking the History Saved in the SYSTEM Log ........................................................................... 98

Log Export ..................................................................................................................................... 99

Automatic Log Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 100

Specialities ...................................................................................................................................... 101

Main-PS or 0AB-PS .................................................................................................................... 101

Where my Alternative Frequencies gone? ................................................................................... 101

WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS ............................................................................... 102

Product Registration Card ............................................................................................................ 103

APPENDIX C.1 .............................................................................................................................. 104

PTY Code Description Used in RBDS Mode – North America ................................................... 104

APPENDIX C.2 .............................................................................................................................. 105

PTY Code Description Used in RDS Mode – Europe, Asia ........................................................ 105

THIS PAGE

IS INTENTIONALLY

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Introduction

DEVA Broadcast Ltd. is an international communications and high-technology manufacturing
organization, its corporate headquarters and facility located in Burgas, Bulgaria. The company
serves the broadcast and corporate markets worldwide – from consumers and small businesses to
the largest global organizations. It is dedicated to the research, design, development and provision
of advanced products, systems and services. DEVA launched its own brand back in 1997 and has
nowadays evolved to become known as a market leader and internationally reputed manufacturer
of user-friendly, cost-effective and innovative broadcast products.

Creativity and innovation are deeply woven into DEVA corporate culture. Through successful
engineering, marketing and management our team of dedicated professionals creates future­oriented solutions to improve customers’ performance. You may rely that all issues communicated
to our crew would be addressed accordingly. We pride ourselves on our pre and post-sales support
and purchase services, which along with the outstanding quality of our radio gear have won us due
respect and the market authority position.

DEVA best-of-breed solutions have become the best sellers for our partners. The strategic
partnerships which have been formed with industry leaders during all these years that we have been
operating on the broadcasting market, have proved us a reliable business partner and a valuable

asset, as our dealers worldwide would conrm. In constant pursuit of precision and long-term

satisfaction, DEVA enhances the reputation of our partners and clients alike. Furthermore, we have
already a proven merit as a credible partner provider.

Our portfolio offers complete line of high quality and competitive products for FM and Digital
Radio, Radio Networks, Telecommunication Operators and regulation authorities. For almost
two decades of intensive software and hardware development, we have achieved a unique price­performance and endurance of our product lines. Our company’s multitude of equipment and
services is in line with the latest technologies and key trends. The most recognizable characteristics
attributed to DEVA products are their clear-cut, streamlined design, easiness of use and cost­effectiveness: simplicity of forms but multiplicity of functions.

For us there is no stage when we deem that we have reached the most satisfactory level in our
work. Our engineers are in constant pursuit of new ideas and technologies to be captured in DEVA
solutions. Simultaneously, a strict control is being exercised at each step of any new development.
Experience and hard work are our fundament but the continuous improving process is what we
never leave aside. DEVA participates on a regular basis in all landmark broadcasting events, not
only to promote its products, but to exchange valuable know-how and experience. We are also
engaged in international large-scale projects involving radio and audio solutions which makes us
even more competitive on the global market.

All DEVA products are developed and produced in accordance with the latest ISO 9001 quality
control standards.

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Typographic conventions

This manual uses the following typographic conventions:

Style Used for

NOTE

Example

“Menu” on page XX. References

[OK] Interface Interactive buttons.

Settings

Important notes and recommendations
Used when example text is cited

Menu paths are represented as follows: Settings> General> Backup

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General Information

Band Scanner GPS is a tool to evaluate FM broadcast band congestion and to log station

identication parameters. Band Scanner GPS is a Google Earth compatible tool for visualisation

of collected FM Radio measurements. When running any campaign with the Band Scanner GPS,

results will be saved in a Log le. Band Scanner GPS can then convert this le into KMZ format an
view the results in Google Earth. The Log le can be exported also as transitional format for future

analyze or to keep it in record. The Band Scanner GPS can measure RF level, MPX deviation, Left
& Right Audio levels, RDS and Pilot injection levels. The system is powered by the USB port of
any Windows PC. Supplied free of charge Windows software sweeps the receiver across the FM
band, logging every carrier and generating a spectrum display of carrier level vs. frequency. It then

analyzes each carrier and creates a station list. Stations with an RDS presence are further rened

to show all the radio data groups being transmitted. Its interface is like a portable radio: It may be
tuned manually through the receiver screen or by double-clicking a point on the spectrum plot or

an entry on the station list. Spectrum plots may be saved as jpg or bmp les. The RDS data error

level is graphed in a separate window on the receiver screen. The program can be monitored with
headphones plugged into a standard 1/8” jack.

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PRODUCT FEATURES

• FM Band 87 – 108 MHZ Spectrum analyzer

• MPX, PILOT & RDS deviation meters

• Built-in Stereo decoder; LEFT and RIGHT level meters

• Built-in 12-channels GPS Receiver

• Measurement results visualisation in Google Earth

• Auto search tuning

• Headphones audio output

• Full feature RDS and RBDS decoder

• RDS/RBDS Groups Detector

• RDS/RBDS Groups Analyzer

• RDS/RBDS stream BER meter

• FM/RDS/RBDS Data Logger

• View playlists of the competitive stations

• Saving and exporting the playlists to Excel le

• Compare the signal strength to competitors and other stations

• Pocket size USB powered box. No external power supply required

• Tracking all the detailed histories saved in the RDS Data Log

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

FM RECEIVER

FM frequency 87.0-108.0 MHz
RDS sensitivity 0 error at Vrf=-90dBµV, 4kHz RDS deviation, no

modulation
Strong elds AGC
RF level evaluation ±4dB from 20°C to 30°C,

from 20dBµV to 80dBµV without modulation
Dynamic 0 to 84dBµV
Attenuator 6dB built-in

AUDIO, MPX, PILOT, RDS LEVELS

Measurement validity RF level preferably > 50dB
Multiplex level Peak level displayed, 1000 samples over 1 second
Audio level Peak level displayed, 1000 samples over 1 second
Pilot level
RDS level Mean peak level, 1000 samples over 1 second
Accuracy of MPX deviation display ±5kHz, ±2kHz typ
Accuracy of audio level display ±5%
Accuracy of sub-carrier level displays ±10% typical and not guaranteed

FM ANTENNA INPUT

Connector ‘F’ on rear panel, Impedance = 75 Ω
External attenuator No

STEREO DECODING

Stereo separation >20dB
Typical separation Approximately 26dB to 35dB

RDS DATA DECODING

Standards European RDS CENELEC, United States RBDS NRSC
Error Correction Yes
Group counting Yes
Error counting Yes
AF decoding Yes
PI, PTY, DI, MS Yes
TA/TP Yes
RT, PS, CT Yes
EON, PTYN, SLC, ODA Yes

GPS RECEIVER

Number of channels 12
Antenna Pre-amplied, 5m of cable, magnetic
Connector SMA, rear panel

USER INTERFACE

Indicators 4 LEDs, front panel
Headphone output 1/8’’ (3.5mm) phone jack, rear panel

Mean peak level, 1000 samples over 1 second

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OPERATING CONDITIONS

Equipment operational between 10° and 40°C
EMC immunity 6V/m

HEADPHONES OUTPUT

Connector Stereo, 1/8” (3.5mm) phone jack
Volume Fixed

COMMUNICATION

Type USB 2.0 compatible
Connector B-type, front panel

POWER REQUIREMENT

Power supply USB powered
Connector B-type, front panel

SIZE AND WEIGHT

Dimensions (W x H x D) 2.9” x 1” x 4.3”, 73.6mm x 25.4mm x 109mm
Shipping Weight 230 x 70 x 172 mm / 0.5kg

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FRONT PANEL

USB ON This LED lights whenever the unit is connected to the PC trough USB.
RDS OK This indicator shows that the 57kHz RDS subcarrier is present and RDS data

is actually received.

LOW RF This LED shows that the incoming RF signal of the dened frequency is less

that 19dBµV.
GPS FIX This LED blinks when GPS Receiver gains GPS FIX.

In case of bad GPS reception or insufcient satellites this LED remains unlit.

REAR PANEL

FM ANTENNA The consumer-standard F connector is the ANTENNA IN port.
PHONES OUT The 1/8’’ (3.5mm) phone jack provides the audio signal of tuned station

for listening.
GPS ANTENNA The consumer-standard SMA connector is the GPS ANTENNA IN port.

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Technical Matters

The Band Scanner GPS is simple and small. It utilizes surface-mounted (SMD) components,

some of which are ‘application-specic’. Moreover, certain chips require ‘rmware’ programming.
To a large extent this precludes servicing the unit in the eld. For these reasons, and also because

of the small format of this Manual, we have elected to dispense with the schematic diagram,
servicing instructions and a parts listing. Because it is so small and light (and because it is not in the
program signal path!), returning a product such as the Band Scanner GPS for factory servicing is
an option that we encourage. DEVA Broadcast Ltd. has never considered factory repair charges as

a signicant source of revenue; you would be astonished at how reasonable our rates actually are!

Having said all that, our policy has always been one of ‘full disclosure.’ We feel that, unless you
are doing something nefarious, there should be no reason to hide anything. With a clear conscience
we will cheerfully provide additional documentation and divulge any secrets concerning the
Band Scanner GPS upon request.

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Before you start

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

Immediately upon receipt of the equipment, inspect for possible shipping damage. If damage
is found or suspected, notify the carrier at once, and then contact DEVA Broadcast Ltd. We
recommend that you set aside the original shipping carton and packing materials for possible
reuse. In the event of return for Warranty repair, shipping damage sustained as a result of improper
packing for return may invalidate the Warranty!

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT that you complete and return the Warranty Registration Card

included with this Manual. Not only does this assure coverage of the equipment under terms of the
Warranty, and provide some means of trace in the case of lost or stolen gear, but also the user will

automatically receive specic SERVICE OR MODIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS should these

been forthcoming from DEVA Broadcast Ltd.

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI)

Although we have anticipated Band Scanner GPS installation in the immediate proximity of
broadcast transmitters, please do practice some care using the unit away from abnormally high RF

elds.

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RDS: Europe vs America

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and its member countries originated the concept of

“Radio Data” transmission. The European RDS specication, CENELEC Standard EN50067, was
rst published in 1984. It was revised in 1986, 1990, 1991 and 1992.

European RDS has grown in use following initial adoption of the Standard. RDS is nearly

universal throughout Europe; it is almost impossible to nd a European FM broadcasting station

that does not carry a radio data subcarrier.

The popularity of RDS in Europe is very much in contrast with initial reluctance on the part
of US broadcasters to embrace this technology. This can be ascribed to material differences in
broadcasting practices.

Almost without exception, FM broadcasting in the United States is ‘detached’ and independent;
that is, each station originates its own programming. One exception might be America’s National
Public Radio, though for most of the broadcast day even NPR stations originate, or at least schedule,
their own programs.

Much of European broadcasting is similar to the concept of network radio that was common
in the US prior to the 1950s. In Europe, a central program originator may have many transmitting
facilities of modest power situated throughout the country, at several different frequencies to
blanket a designated service area. The European disposition toward lower-power transmitters can
be found on the “local radio” level as well.

The European concept of a service area equates to the US broadcaster’s market. The subtle
difference between these designations further characterizes broadcasting practices and ethics.

RDS benets the European broadcaster through almost an altruistic endeavor to be of service to

his listeners. The US broadcaster is marketing his programming, and is primarily interested in how
he can create additional revenue from RDS.

The RDS System

RDS is a digital data channel transmitted as a low-level subcarrier above the range of the
composite stereo program signal in the FM baseband. The data transmission (baud) rate is
comparatively low, yet it is quite robust because of data redundancy and effective error correction.

It is not within the scope of this Manual to cover the details of RDS subcarrier coding and

modulation. For this the reader is directed to the Specication appropriate to his location, either
the CENELEC EN50067 Specication for Europe, or the United States NRSC Specication. It

is assumed that the user has some familiarity with the concept of RDS, since the balance of this

Manual will deal with specic implication of RDS implemented with the Band Scanner GPS.

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RDS Applications Supported

The following is an alphabetical listing of RDS applications that are fully supported by the
Band Scanner GPS. The standardized RDS application abbreviation is followed by an expansion
of the application name and a short explanation of the function.

AF

List of Alternative Frequencies: A network broadcaster, or one with low-power rebroadcast

transmitters (translators) to ll holes in his coverage area, can include a list of all frequencies where

the identical program can be heard simultaneously. The RDS receiver (particularly the upscale car
radio) constantly searches for the best signal that carries the very same program. When a better
signal is found, the radio re-tunes with no noticeable interruption. The principal utility of this RDS
function is with European radio networks and US stations with ‘translators.’

CT

Clock Time and date: Time and date codes should use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and

Modied Julian Day (MJD). If MJD = 0 the receiver should not be updated. The listener, however,

will not use this information directly and the conversion to local time and date will be made in
the receiver’s circuitry. CT is used as time stamp by various RDS applications and thus it must be
accurate.

DI

Decoder Information: This is one of several ‘ags’ that convey yes/no or other very basic data.
This particular ag tells the receiver whether the broadcast is monaural, or is being transmitted in

any of several methods of stereo or binaural broadcasting. As many as 16 encoding options may
be accommodated! This is a rather esoteric function and, thus far, remains unused both in Europe
and in the US.

ECC

Extended Country Code: RDS uses its own country codes. The rst most signicant bits of
the PI code carry the RDS country code. The four bit coding structure only permits the denition
of 15 different codes, 1 to F (hex). Since there are much more countries to be identied, some
countries have to share the same code which does not permit unique identication. Hence there is

the need to use the Extended Country Code which is transmitted in Variant 0 of Block 3 in type 1A

groups and together with the country identication in bits b15 to b12 of the PI code render a unique

combination. The ECC consists of eight bits.

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EON

Enhanced Other Networks information: This feature can be used to update the information
stored in a receiver about program services other than the one received. Alternative frequencies,

the PS name, Trafc Program and Trafc Announcement identication as well as Program Type

and Program Item Number information can be transmitted for each other service. The relation to

the corresponding program is established by means of the relevant Program Identication. Linkage

information, consisting of four data elements, provides the means by which several program
services may be treated by the receiver as a single service during times a common program is
carried. Linkage information also provides a mechanism to signal an extended set of related
services.

EWS

Emergency Warning System: The EWS feature is intended to provide for the coding of
warning messages. These messages will be broadcast only in cases of emergency and will only be
evaluated by special receivers.

IH

In House application: This refers to data to be decoded only by the operator. Some examples

noted are identication of transmission origin, remote switching of networks and paging of staff.

The applications of coding may be decided by each operator itself.

M/S

Music / Speech Switch: This ag simply indicates whether music or speech is the primary

broadcast programming. The purpose of this function is not well explained in the respective
Standards; hence it comes as no surprise that it is not widely used.

ODA

Open Data Applications: The Open Data Applications feature allows data applications, not

previously specied in EN 50067, to be conveyed in a number of allocated groups in an RDS

transmission. The groups allocated are indicated by the use of type 3A group which is used to
identify to a receiver the data application in use in accordance with the registration details in the
EBU/RDS Forum - Open Data Applications Directory, and the NRSC Open Data Applications
Directory.

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PI

Program Identication: This block of data identies the broadcast station with a hexadecimal

numerical code, which becomes the “digital signature” of the station. The code is assigned by the
broadcasting authority in most countries, but in the US it is calculated from a numerical encoding
of station call letters. The receiver processes the PI code to assist automatic tuning features (station
memories), and to prevent false switching to alternative frequencies that might be shared by
broadcasters in nearby regions.

PIN

Program Item Number: The code should enable receivers and recorders designed to make use of
this feature to respond to the particular program item(s) that the user has preselected. Use is made
of the scheduled program time, to which is added the day of the month in order to avoid ambiguity.

PS

Program Service Name: This is the station’s “street name” that will appear on the receiver
faceplate display. The PS can be up to eight characters in length (including spaces) and can be as
simple as the station’s call letters: KWOW or KWOW FM, or a slogan: NEWSTALK or LIVE 95.
The Program Service Name is automatically displayed, even on automobile receivers, and because
of driving safety considerations broadcasters are generally discouraged from scrolling messages

in this eld. As a matter of fact, it is a violation of both the CENELEC and the NRSC standards to

scroll the PS display, although the practice has become universally common.

PTY

Program Type: The PTY data ag identies the station format from a collection of pre-dened

categories. Many RDS receivers are able to seek the listener’s preferred format automatically.
This means that a car radio can switch from a fading station to a stronger one that carries the
same variety of music, though not the very same program, as provided by AF switching. The
PTY function of RDS helps a broadcaster catch ‘transient audience’ share. A listing of the PTY
categories is given in”APPENDIX C.1” on page 104 and “APPENDIX C.2” on page 105.

Under some programming circumstances, the PTY identier may be made ‘dynamic,’ changing
between categories for a station that “dayparts” (changes its format for specic time periods).

The PTY code is not meant to change from song to song or to accommodate a top-of-the-hour
newscast, however.

PTYN

Program TYpe Name: The PTYN feature is used to further describe current PTY. PTYN

permits the display of a more specic PTY description that the broadcaster can freely decide

(e.g. PTY=4: Sport and PTYN: Football). The PTYN is not intended to change the default eight
characters of PTY which will be used during search or wait modes, but only to show in detail the

program type once tuned to a program. If the broadcaster is satised with a default PTY name, it is

not necessary to use additional data capacity for PTYN. The Program Type Name is not intended
to be used for automatic PTY selection and must not be used for giving sequential information.

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RT

RadioText: This is a 64-character block of plain text that the listener can select for visual
display on the faceplate of the radio by pressing an INFO button on the receiver. This function is
not available on many automobile radios for safety reasons, which has precipitated the frowned-

upon practice of scrolling the PS eld instead.

Most radios have limited alphanumeric display capability, so the 64 characters of RadioText
march across the front panel, much akin those annoying LED advertising signs found in airport
buses or fast food emporia. Like the scrolling-PS implementation, RadioText can announce song
titles and performers, run special promotions or contests, or broadcast sponsors’ messages.

RT+

RadioText Plus is “semantic analogue radio”. It allows the RDS feature RadioText (RT) to be
understood by FM RDS receiving terminals. RT+ is based on RDS RT messages and is completely
backwards compatible with RT. RT+ has been designed to let the listener (or user) derive additional

benets from the RDS RadioText service. It enables FM RDS receivers to “understand” the

RadioText – to recognize designated objects, to make those objects manageable by the user and

thus offer the user direct access to specic elements of RadioText messages. Such an element can,

for example, be programme associated metadata such as the Title and the Artist of the currently
playing song, or it can be news headlines. This provides the listener with an “mp3-player feeling”
while listening to analogue FM radio. The elements can also carry additional service messages
or information about the Radio Station such as the telephone number or the web address of the
Radio Station’s hotline. These objects, or more accurately RT+ information elements carried in

the RDS RadioText (RT) messages, are identied by their location within the RT messages and

by the class code of their content type. Once an information element is received and understood, a
receiver is able to, for example, store the different RT+ information elements and the listener may

then select and request a specic content type from the radio’s memory at an instant in time that

suits the listener’s needs. Thus the listener is no longer forced to watch the RT information passing
(scrolling) by. Moreover, RT+ offers selected RT message elements to car drivers on a static
display, without risk of distracting the attention of the driver. Furthermore, RT+ is well suited for
mobile phones with built-in FM receivers: telephone numbers can be directly used to initiate calls,
and web addresses can be used to start browsing the web content offered by the radio programme
provider. Last but not least, RT+ is also used for satellite radio broadcasting via DVB-S. It may be
adopted by DRM and DAB in the future, too.

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TA

Trafc Announcement: This is a temporary ag added to the RDS data stream only as a trafc
bulletin is being aired. Some RDS car radios can be set to search for trafc bulletins among various

TP stations (see TP below) while tuned to a listener’s preferred program, or even while playing

a tape or CD. As soon as any TP station broadcasts a trafc bulletin, the receiver temporarily
switches-over to receive it. When the bulletin is nished, the receiver switches back to the original

program, tape or CD.

TDC

Transparent Data Channels: The transparent data channels consist of 32 channels which may
be used to send any type of data.

TMC

Trafc Message Channel: This feature is intended to be used for the coded transmission of

trafc information.

TP

Trafc Program Identication: The TP ag identies the station as one that routinely
broadcasts trafc bulletins for motorists as part of its normal, everyday programming. When the
TP ag is displayed on the receiver faceplate, the radio is searching for trafc announcements. The

radio keeps track of TP stations offering this service to speed up the search-and-switch process.

- 20 -

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Loading and Running The Software

MINIMAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Pentium(R) Processor or Compatible

Windows XP and above

512MB RAM

20MB free hard drive space for installation

16 or 32-bit graphics color depth

1024 by 768 pixels screen resolution

Screen DPI setting to 96 dpi

Universal Serial Bus 2.0

NOTE: To avoid hardware conicts and connection problems, install the software before

attempting to connect the Band Scanner GPS with the computer.

INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE

Insert the supplied CD. Click Start, then My Computer, and then double-click the CD Drive

(typically D:). Open the Band Scanner GPS folder and double click the installation le to launch

the Wizard (shown here) that will guide you through the several installation steps.

Unless you have a specic reason to make changes, simply accept the default recommendations

and click Next> at each step.

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INSTALLING THE USB PORT DRIVER

Once the programming software has been installed on the computer, a special USB port driver
must also be installed if that particular computer is ever to address the Band Scanner GPS through
the front-panel USB port.

Unless you have deselected the “Install drivers automatically” option from installation wizard,
or something went wrong during the installation process, the USB port drivers will be installed
automatically and will be ready for use.

When the software was installed, the USB driver was put into a folder within the
Band Scanner GPS program folder. With a normal installation (as described above) the driver will
have been located here: My Computer \ Local Disk (C:) \ Program Files \ Band Scanner \ Drivers.

Manual installation under Windows 7

1. With the Band Scanner GPS powered-up, connect the front-panel USB port to the computer

using the cable supplied. This should immediately bring up a “Installing driver” balloon notication

above the computer Taskbar. Click on balloon for status or proceed to step 3.

NOTE: notication will bring up only once on rst device connection. Subsequent connections

will not be notied.

2. Under installation failure, the following status will be shown:

3. Start the Device Manager - Start > Control Panel > Device Manager.

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Locate the Band Scanner GPS under the “Other devices” section. Right click on it and select
“Update Driver Software”. This should bring up Update Driver Wizard. Select “Browse my
computer for driver software”.

4. Click “Browse...” and select the folder where the drivers reside (typically: C:\Program Files

\Band Scanner\Drivers.) Click “Next”.

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5. Under success the following notication will be shown and the device is ready for use.

The software installation will have placed an icon on your computer Desktop. Double-click the
icon to start the software.

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Manual installation under Windows XP

1. With the Band Scanner GPS powered-up, connect the front-panel USB port to the computer

using the cable supplied. This should immediately bring up a New Hardware notication above the

computer Taskbar and start the Found New Hardware Wizard. Select “No, not this time” and then

“Next>”. Select “Install from a list or specic location (Advanced)” and then “Next>”.

- 25 -

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2. This next screen veries the location of the driver, which resides in folder where the software

is installed. Click: “Next>”.

3. Hardware Wizard will inform you when installation is complete. Click: “Finish>”.

4. The driver will be installed, and a notication that the hardware is ready to use will appear

above the Taskbar.

The software installation will have placed an icon on your computer Desktop. Double-click the
icon to start the software.

- 26 -

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Using the Band Scanner Software

After connecting the Band Scanner GPS to the USB port of any Windows® based PC, it is
ready for use and any additional adjustments or settings are not required. In case you would like to
measure the band off-air, please connect any external FM antenna to the Antenna In. In case you
would like to obtain GPS information, please connect external GPS antenna to the GPS Antenna
In.

NOTE: The maximum input RF signal to the Antenna Input is 100 dBµV. Do not connect the

Band Scanner GPS directly to any FM Transmitter’s MONITOR Output

After the initial software installation, the following shortcut of the software will be located on
the desktop.

You can launch the program using this shortcut or using Start> Programs> Band Scanner

If the device is not detected the application software will look like this:

Some of the buttons and functions will be disabled. The USB connectivity indicator will be
colored in red.

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After connecting the device to the PC where the software is already installed, the USB indicator
will become bright green. The software will adjust the unit with the initial data. In case of previous
usage of the device, the last settings like frequency and levels will be assigned in the device. If
everything is Okay and no problems are detected the software will look like this:

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General Settings

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CSV Delimiter - choose delimiter which will be used while exporting to CSV-compatible
format. (see “Log Export” on page 99)

Backup On Exit - will create a backup copy of entire logs when program is closed.

Clean On Exit - will perform clean routines when program is closed. Additional option for

process recurrence is available, because cleaning is slow process and is unnecessary to be done
frequently.

Clear All Logs - will erase entire logs at once. Each Log can be cleared independently from its
own view. It is a good idea to export before clear. (see “Log Export” on page 99)

WARNING: Clearing Logs (independently or not) can not be undone! (see “Automatic Log

Maintenance” on page 100)

Prevent Power Down Events - the program will try to prevent system events which will try to
power down the USB device. Useful for laptops.

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Common Visuals

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Having in mind that visual perception differs from person to person, the program offers options
to alter the look of the most of its parts.

LEDs - select visual appearances for LEDs

- Sharp - Semi-Sharp - Semi-Clear - Clear

Graphs Colors - combine different visual appearances to achieve desired look for Graphs.

NOTE: Some visual settings are only applicable on particular tool. Look in the appropriate

settings section.

- 30 -

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FM Tuner, Modes and Presets

1 2 34 4

9 10

5

5

7

6

8

11

12

15

13

14

16 17 18

The general management and the most important indications of the Band Scanner GPS are
located in this section.

1. Frequency Indicator – Shows the working frequency of the unit.

2. Working frequency entering cell. (press ENTER to set)

3. This button will set the unit at the frequency dened in cell [2].

4. UP and DOWN buttons for adjusting the tuner’s frequency. For more information about the

steps available and more about this section refer to “FM Tuner Settings” on page 32.

5. SEEK UP and SEEK DOWN Buttons. (see also “FM Tuner Settings”)

6. Slider for manual adjustment of the frequency. The tuner will accept the desired frequency

few seconds after any changes were made.

7. Field Strength Indicator.

8. USB connection indicator.

9. RDS Signal Presence.

10. Stereo Signal Presence.

11. RDS/RBDS Mode Selector.

12. MPX INPUT Signal Selector – Band Scanner GPS has no Composite/MPX input, thus

Antenna In is the only choice.

13. Deemphasis Selector for the Demodulator - 50µs or 75µs

14. Sensitivity Selector - Local (6dB Att.) or DX (no Att.)

15. Region Selector. (see “Memory Presets” on page 33)

16. Quick Preset Save buttons.

17. Quick Preset Recall buttons.

18. Quick Preset Recall List.

- 31 -

FM TUNER SETTINGS

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Step – You can choose the frequency adjustment step. Usually it is 100kHz for Europe and
200kHz for the US

Sensitivity – Sensitivity mode of the input RF signal. The Local mode is recommended in case
the tool used is close to the transmitter sites. It will enable 6 dB attenuation of the RF input stage.
The DX mode is intended in case when weak signal must be received and analyzed. Using this
mode will disable any input attenuation of the RF input.

Search Stop Level – Tuner sensitivity threshold in Auto Search Mode

Antenna - If known, Antenna Factor and/or External Attenuator could be specied here.

ATTENTION: These are not hardware properties of Band Scanner and will adjust only nal

readings.

Validity - Low Level Detect Time is minimum required time to announce RF Level for High
or Low according to Low Level Threshold. Buffering Time gives hardware time to smooth after
switching over.

- 32 -

MEMORY PRESETS

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Using this feature you can assign easy to access memory presets (see “FM Tuner, Modes and

Presets” on page 31)[15,16,17,18]. Frequencies assigned here, correspond directly to the quick

preset buttons situated along with the rest of the tuner controls. Intended to serve as a quick access
to favorite stations, preset button needs no more than a click. Presets can be assigned from here as
well as from Quick Save buttons. Saving and Recalling is very easy which explains why they are
“Quick Presets”.

Here is an example:

1. Tune to desired station

2. Press one of the Save Preset buttons

3. Station is saved and Recall button (right next to pressed Save button) is changed immediately

4. To recall saved station, simply press Recall button which holds the frequency of the desired

station.

Additionally a Region selector is available, while station frequencies may differ from place to
place.

First 5 frequencies will be arranged under fast recall buttons. The rest (which are colored in
green) will be placed under Recall List button.

- 33 -

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FM Band Spectrum Analyzer

7

3

8 9 10 11 12 13

2

1

4

5

6

21 2223

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

1. FM Band Spectrum. The horizontal scale shows the frequencies. The vertical their measured

levels.

2. Sensitivity zone. This is the zone where the tuner is under seeking mode. (see “FM Tuner

Settings” on page 32)

3. Reference Level Marker. (see “Band Analyze” on page 37)

4. Marker. By moving Marker along the Band Spectrum displays corresponding level for the

frequency under it. (see also “Band Info Table”)

5. Marker Cross-point - shows corresponding level under Marker.

6. Peak Balloon - Holds information about peak. (see “Band Analyze” on page 37)

7. Information for current Markers - MKR - frequency and corresponding level, REF - chosen

reference level

8. Band Scanning mode. The software provides three different types of Band Scan:

- Fine – Scanning mode with ne frequency resolution;

- Normal – mode with satisfying resolution;

- Fast – mode for quick scanning with maximum frequency step.

The selected scanning mode denes the scan speed vs. scan details.

9. Scan Range - Allows to customize band scanning by setting in and out frequency of the band.

10. Button for starting scanning process. It changes itself to “Stop Scan” button and allows to

stop the process at any time. Otherwise the scanning ends at the end of the band. (See [9], “Band

Analyzer Settings”)

11. Button for starting analyzing process. Inactive if the scanning is not performed. The button

changes itself to “Stop Analyze” and allows to stop the process at any time.

12. Scan Info - show balloon with all parameters applied on last scan: Scan Date and Time,

Scan Range, Scan Step, Tuner Sensitivity, Extrenal Attenuator, Antenna Factor, Tuner Deemphasis.

13. Band Info - Button for bringing up the information collected from Band Analyze (see

“Band Info Table” on page 39)

14. Screen Width button will expand the width of the form to match the width of the screen.

15. Appearance buttons (see “Band Analyzer Settings” on page 36)

16. Peak Find Method Selector

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17. Zoom Controls.

18. Settings. (see “Band Analyzer Settings” on page 36)

19. Button for fast recall of the FM Analyzer Tool. (see “FM Analyzer” on page 43)

20. Button for fast recall of the Band Comparison Tool. (see “Band Comparison” on page 41)

21. Button for Saving the current graphic. (see “Band Analyzer Results Saving” on page 40)

22. Button for Printing the current graphic. (see “Print Capabilities” on page 91)

23. Current position (Latitude, Longitude) from GPS module when GPS x is available.

- 35 -

BAND ANALYZER SETTINGS

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Scan Range – Settings for Range of the Scanning Process.

Max - denes full band - 87.0 - 108.0 MHz.

Scan Step - Band Scanning Mode (See [8])

Analyze Observe Time - Denes observation time for each peak (station) before switching to

next frequency in Analyze Process.

Analyze Peak Find Method - Denes the method used for nding peaks. (see “Peak Find

Methods” on page 38)

Smooth - Smooths the Band Spectrum and removes jagged parts.

Show Balloons - Show/Hide balloons above peaks.

REF - Show/Hide Reference Level Marker

MKR - Show/Hide Frequency Marker

Open Band Info on Start Analyze - If checked automatically opens Band Info Table when

Analyze process is started. (see “Band Info Table” on page 39)

Band, Balloons - Settings for better visual customization.

- 36 -

BAND ANALYZE

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“BAND ANALYZE” - WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT?

First step of Analyze Process is dening the “zone for analyze”. Selecting the reference level
(See [3]) denes the bottom of the zone. Top is dened by the maximum measured level. Left and
Right edges of the zone are dened by the scanned range (See [9]).

Next, after the zone is dened all the peaks within are located (see “Peak Find Methods” on

page 38) and Analyzing Process may start. Before actual analyzing only frequency for each peak is

known (and shown above), which denes list of frequencies to be observed/analyzed.

By pressing the Start Analyze button Analyze process is started. Every peak is analyzed for
a period of few seconds (“Band Analyzer Settings” - Observe Time) and report is generated for
frequency and RDS data (if any available - PI/CALL and PS are shown).

The report from the Analyze Process is visible as “Balloons” above every analyzed peak. More
detailed information can be found under the Band Info Table.

The Analyze Process can be stopped at any time.

Right after the analyzing is nished/stopped, the tuner retunes to the frequency before the start

of Analyze Process.

- 37 -

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PEAK FIND METHODS

Highest Peak

Only highest peak within dened zone is used, the rest are ignored.

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All Peaks

All peaks within dened zone are used.

Every 100 kHz

Peak is placed at every 100 kHz, regardless of the selected Reference level

ATTENTION: Analyzing process may become very prolonged, considering peak count

multiplied by observation time (“Band Analyzer Settings” - Observe Time).

- 38 -

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BAND INFO TABLE

Band Info Table represents an additional information from the Analyze of the frequency band.

Besides frequency, PI/CALL, PTY and PS, are shown station mode (stereo or mono), RF Level,
Radio Text A&B and AF List if during the period of peak analyze there were enough RDS data to
extract AFs.

By using the button Add Marker it is possible to add other frequencies. The desired frequency
is selected by the Marker (See [4]).

The button Remove Selected will erase the selected entry from the table.

NOTE: Adding or Removing frequencies manually is irrelevant to analyzing process.

Band Info Table could be Saved As CSV (Comma Delimited) format (see “General Settings” on

page 29) and can be opened and used with Microsoft Excel or any CSV-compatible software.

In case of a double click with the mouse on some of the rows in the table the Band Scanner Pro
switches in Real-time Watching of the corresponding frequency. (see “Band Analyzer Extras” on

page 42)

- 39 -

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BAND ANALYZER RESULTS SAVING

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Select the desired folder. Write new le name, or leave the default one which contains current

date and time.

Select le type from the “Save as type” drop-down. When you press the Save button the le

representing the current graphic from Band Analyzer will be saved into the selected folder.

In addition Band Spectrum could be saved as proprietary format BND, compatible with Band
Comparison tool (see “Band Comparison” on page 41). BND format will hold information from
Band Info Table (if any exists) along with spectrum data.

NOTE: Possible Graphical le types are: JPG, BMP, PNG, WMF and EMF.

- 40 -

BAND COMPARISON

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The main purpose of this tool is to provide easy way for visual comparison between different

spectrum plots. The tool utilizes BND les, which are saved previously from Band Analyzer (see

“Band Analyzer Results Saving” on page 40). The tool overlays different spectrums but is indifferent

about comparison itself, which is granted entirely to user.

To Add spectrum use ‘Add’ button. Upon addition each spectrum is associated with random
color.

To Remove spectrum from list, select it from list and press ‘Del’ button.

For temporary show/hide use check-boxes in front of each spectrum.

Different spectrums can be colored for visual distinguishing by selecting appropriate band from
list and click on ‘Color’ button.

To Remove all spectrums from list press ‘Clear’ button.

To rearrange spectrums use ‘Up’ and ‘Down’ buttons.

Extra Band Information will be lled with conditions related to each spectrum, as well as

supplementary info from Band Analysis. (see “Band Info Table” on page 39)

- 41 -

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BAND ANALYZER EXTRAS

The Band Analyzer provides the user with the opportunity to watch in real-time every selected
channel. Selecting the channel happens by double clicking over the peak from the Band Spectrum
or by double clicking on any station from the Band Info Table. If the Reference Level line does not
cross the selected peak, no selection will occur.

After selecting the station the tuner will automatically set the peak frequency and will enable
the real-time watching of the channel. All the incoming data will appear in the Band Info Table
and in the Balloon over the analyzed / watched channel. The Balloon color will change to green
(customizable under “Band Analyzer Settings”) which indicates the currently selected channel.

Balloons are automatically rearranged vertically if some overlapping occurs.

- 42 -

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FM Analyzer

The Band Scanner GPS has MPX, PILOT & RDS deviation meters built-in. It allows to measure
and display the RF Level, MPX deviation, Left & Right Audio Levels, RDS and Pilot injection
levels.

INTEGRATION DEFINED

“Peak Integration” is a euphemistic reference to the practice of allowing brief overdeviations
of the FM carrier to sneak by unnoticed. In the case of the Band Scanner, non-repetitive
modulation peaks lasting less than a predetermined period will not be displayed on the CARRIER
MODULATION Time Graph display. Broadcasting regulations, including those of the FCC in
the US, are often a bit vague on the subject of peak integration. Nearly all Modulation Monitors
include some provision for ignoring exceedingly fast program peaks, sometimes called “peaks
of infrequent occurrence” or other similarly tenuous term. Certainly, non-repetitive overshoots
that do not materially increase the broadcaster’s occupied bandwidth, and thus pose no threat of
interference to an adjacent-channel signal, may legitimately be ignored in a measurement of total
carrier deviation. But by allowing peaks resulting from, and directly related to, the dynamics of the
program signal to “slide on by”, the broadcaster is courting the wrath of his appropriate regulatory
agency.

US FCC MEASUREMENT METHOD

One reliable guideline in determining just how far you can go with respect to total carrier
modulation is to be aware of how at least one government authority monitors a broadcaster’s
signal. As far as we have been able to determine, the United States FCC does not use a commercial
Modulation Monitor with a metered readout. Instead they connect an oscilloscope to the composite
baseband output of a wideband FM receiver and look for deviations beyond a predetermined peak­to-peak amplitude. As divulged by one Field Engineer, the FCC is not looking for the occasional

overshoot, but for consistent and agrant overmodulation, which is invariably noticed and
complained about before the station is agged for scrutiny.

- 43 -

MAIN SCREEN

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This screen shows all mandatory parameters represented as LED readings.

Above every LED indicator are shown four values. First is the current measured value, followed
by its minimum peak, average and maximum peak values for the period since last frequency
change.

RADIO section have the same functionality as RADIO section from main program screen (see

“FM Tuner, Modes and Presets” on page 31)

“Settings” button is described in FM Analyzer Settings section.

“Freeze” is a toggle button with two states:

- freezes all screen readings, until UnFreeze

- unfreezes all screen readings

NOTE: Freeze makes motionless only visualisation, measurements are active in background.

“Time Span” denes time slice that will be represented in every graph.

“Print” buttton will open the print dialog for printing allowing to print desired graphic (see

“Print Capabilities” on page 91)

“Save” button will save the current graphic as picture. Possible Graphical le types are: JPG,

BMP, PNG, WMF and EMF.

NOTE: Additioanally the FM Spectrum could be saved in CSV format.

- 44 -

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At the bottom is located the Status Line, showing information about the current status.

Status Description

RF Level is above Low Level Threshold and has become
stable.

RF Level is below Low Level Threshold, thus all the readings
are frozen because of the bad reception.

Waiting for device to become stable.

Band Scan process is underway.

Band Analyze process is underway.

Schedule process is underway.

All screen readings are freezed

Device is disconnected from PC.

Upon changing working frequency, FM Analyzer switches to BUFFERING state and clears all
collected data.

Next at the Status Line is elapsed time since last frequency change.

Next is displayed Sensitivity setting - DX or Local.

Signal Quality indicator shows discrete representation of current signal quality.

- 45 -

FM ANALYZER SETTINGS

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Colors and Visibility - every signal represented on FM graphics could be assigned individual
color. Visibility has effect only on FM Spectrum.

Thresholds - MPX, RDS and PILOT signal have minimum and maximum threshold levels,
which affects their graphical representation on deviation graphics, as well on LED indicators. Below,
Between and Above areas are close related to the threshold levels and their color representation
could be changed and seen on deviation graphics and LED indicators as well.

- 46 -

FM SPECTRUM

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This screen represents all mandatory parameters over the selected time slice.

Every parameter has its own color representation and measurement units, which are visible
below the graph. Colors can be changed upon clicking on square button in front of parameter’s
name. Units are tuner-depending i.e. when in RDS mode - MPX, RDS and PILOT reading are in
kHz, RBDS mode - %. LEFT and RIGHT are always shown in dB. RF Level is always shown in
dBµV.

Parameters can be visible or hidden by clicking on corresponding check-box.

Average value will be shown upon selecting desired parameter from drop-down box next to
“Show Average for”. Average value is calculated from all measured parameter’s values, until
changing the Tuner’s frequency.

“Reset Average” button resets average counters. Usable, when unexpected signal uctuation
occurs.

- 47 -

MPX DEVIATION

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This screen represents MPX Deviation.

The graphic above represents MPX Deviation overshoot (in percent) over time.

Standard overshoot is measured at 75 kHz and is indicated below the graphic. User-dened

frequency can be selected by moving vertical marker along the horizontal scale. Overshoot will
be indicated at the cross-point with the horizontal dotted line.

The graphic below represents MPX over the selected time slice.

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PILOT LEVEL

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This screen represents PILOT Level.

The graphic above represents PILOT overshoot (in percent) over time.

Standard overshoot is measured at 7.5 kHz and is indicated below the graphic. User-dened

frequency can be selected by moving vertical marker along the horizontal scale. Overshoot will
be indicated at the cross-point with the horizontal dotted line.

The graphic below represents PILOT Level over the selected time slice.

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RDS LEVEL

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This screen represents RDS Level.

The graphic above represents RDS overshoot (in percent) over time.

Standard overshoot is measured between 2.5 and 3.5 kHz and is indicated below the graphic.

User-dened frequency can be selected by moving vertical marker along the horizontal scale.

Overshoot will be indicated at the cross-point with the horizontal dotted line.

The graphic below represents RDS Level over the selected time slice.

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LEFT & RIGHT LEVEL

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This represents LEFT and RIGHT Audio Levels over the selected time slice.

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RDS Data and Detailed RDS Group’s Analyzer

SECTION “MAIN” WITH ALL MANDATORY RDS FUNCTIONS

In this section the Band Scanner Software visualizes the main RDS features like PS, Radio
Texts, PI, PTY, MS, TP, TA, DI and Alternative Frequency Table giving information about the AF
method used.

PS – This is the label of the program service consisting of not more than eight alphanumeric
characters, which is displayed by RDS receivers in order to inform the listener what program
service is being broadcast by the station to which the receiver is tuned. An example for a name is
“Radio 21”.

PI - This information consists of a code enabling the receiver to distinguish between countries,

areas in which the same program is transmitted, and the identication of the program itself. The

code is not intended for direct display and is assigned to each individual radio program, to enable
it to be distinguished from all other programs. One important application of this information
would be to enable the receiver to search automatically for an alternative frequency in case of bad
reception of the program to which the receiver is tuned; the criteria for the change-over to the new

frequency would be the presence of better signal having the same Program Identication code.

PTY - Program TYpe codes - This is an identication number to be transmitted with each
program item and which is intended to specify the current Program Type (detailed description
follows in Appendix A and B). This code could be used for search tuning. The code will, moreover,
enable suitable receivers and recorders to be pre-set to respond only to program items of the
desired type.

Music/Speech (M/S) switch code.

This is a 1-bit code. A “0” indicates that speech, at present, is being broadcast and a “1” indicates
that music, at present, is being broadcast. When the broadcaster is not using this facility the bit
value will be set at “1”.

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Use of the TP and TA features (Type 0, 15B and 14 groups).

For the tuned program service, the code TP=0 in all groups and TA=1 in type 0 and 15B groups
indicates that this program broadcasts EON information which cross-references at least to one

program service which carries trafc information. RDS receivers which implement the EON

feature may use this code to signify that the listener can listen to the tuned program service and

nevertheless receive trafc messages from another program service. RDS receivers which do not

implement the EON feature must ignore this code. Program services which use the code TP=0,
TA=1 must broadcast type 14 B groups (at the appropriate times) relating to at least one program

service which carries trafc information, and has the ag TP=1. The TA ag within variant 13

of a type 14A group is used to indicate that the cross-referenced service is currently carrying a

trafc announcement. This indication is intended for information only (e.g. for monitoring by
broadcasters) and must not be used to initiate a switch even if trafc announcements are desired
by the listener. A switch to the cross-referenced trafc announcement should only be made when a
TA=1 ag is detected in a type 14B group.

CT – Clock Time and date

Time and date codes should use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and Modied Julian Day

(MJD). If MJD = 0 the receiver should not be updated. The listener, however, will not use this
information directly and the conversion to local time and date will be made in the receiver’s
circuitry. CT is used as time stamp by various RDS applications and thus it must be accurate.

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RAW RDS DATA STREAM

This section contains data about the RDS stream, in case the incoming stream carry RDS data.

The ERROR LEVEL indicator shows the Stream’s quality. In case of 100% errors free stream

the indicator will draw at line like this:

In case the stream is coming with errors, the line will indicate the error’s level like this:

In the DATA eld the last 9 decoded groups appear in raw format.

BER (Bit to Error Ratio) is the ratio between all the valid and non valid RDS data. In case the
RDS is coming with 100% valid data stream, the BER indicator will measure 0. If some errors are
detected, the BER reading may rise.

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GROUP DETECTOR

The Group Detector function is located in the center of the screen for immediate reading of
the existing groups. When group presence is detected, corresponding LED illuminates in green.

Using this feature the user will have information about groups being transmitted and their
appropriate frequency. In case more information is required, it can be found in the tabs where all
the information about the selected group is analyzed or within Group Analyzer.

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GROUP ANALYZER

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This window gives the user statistical analyze of the incoming RDS/RBDS data stream. Detailed
report for the groups’ quantity and ratio is included. Each group timing presence is reported in a
separate table. The number of the valid or non-valid blocks processed is contained in this screen.

The refreshing of the statistical data depends on the selected group. The time of the last showing
of the group, and time differences between any groups appearing is calculated. The average time
of group appearing is also displayed.

The “Reset Analyzer” button resets all of the buffered data and starts all over. Changing tuned
frequency also resets Group Analyzer.

The “Group Replayer” button will open tool for more sophisticated group analysis. (see

“Group Replayer” on page 57)

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GROUP REPLAYER

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Group Replayer tool utilizes RAW RDS data and Replays it. Existing data can be used from

RAW Log as well from previously exported GRP les (see “Log Export” on page 81).

Top half of the Replayer is identical to Main Program View and acts in same manner, i.e. RDS
data is interpreted in the same way.

First import data using ‘Import’ or ‘RAW Log’ buttons.

Use Replay buttons to step/run through RDS stream. Playing back and forth have immediate
result in upper section. Discontinuance in RDS stream could be sensed in two ways - by frequency
switch or by too big time delay.

More sophisticated analysis could be performed by pressing ‘Analyze’ button in Analysis
section. There entire RDS stream will be divided into several sections according to frequency

switch and dened time gap. Each section has its own statistical information represented into right

side.

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Short description of all groups analyzed

TYPE 0A & 0B GROUPS: BASIC TUNING AND SWITCHING INFORMATION

Type 0A groups are usually transmitted whenever alternative frequencies exist. Type 0B groups
without any type 0A groups may be transmitted only when no alternative frequencies exist. There
are two methods (A and B) for transmission of alternative frequencies. The PS function is also part
from this group. The Program Service name comprises eight characters. It is the primary aid to

listeners in program service identication and selection.

The Program Service name is to be used only to identify the station or station program. The PS
may be changed as required by the station. Nowadays this feature is used for transmitting artist
names, song titles, promos or some kind of advertisement texts.

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TYPE 1A & 1B GROUPS: PROGRAM ITEM NUMBER AND SLOW LABELING CODES

Program Item Number, Type 1B group - The Program Item Number is the scheduled broadcast
start time and day of month as published by the broadcaster. The day of month is transmitted as a

ve-bit binary number in the range 1-31. Hours are transmitted as a ve-bit binary number in the

range 0-23. The spare codes are not used. Minutes are transmitted as a six-bit binary number in the
range 0-59. The spare codes are not used.

The most signicant ve bits in block 4 which convey the day of the month, if set to zero,

indicate that no valid Program Item Number is being transmitted. In this case, if no Radio Paging is

implemented, the remaining bits in block 4 are undened. However, in the case of type 1A groups

only, if Enhanced Radio Paging is implemented, the remaining bits carry Service Information.

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TYPE 2A & 2B GROUPS: RADIOTEXT

The 4-bit text segment address denes in the current text the position of the text segments

contained in the third (version A only) and fourth blocks. Since each text segment in version 2A
groups comprises four characters, messages of up to 64 characters in length can be sent using this
version. In version 2B groups, each text segment comprises only two characters and therefore
when using this version the maximum message length is 32 characters.

If a display which has fewer than 64 characters is used to display the radiotext message then
memory should be provided in the receiver/decoder so that elements of the message can be
displayed sequentially. This may, for example, be done by displaying elements of text one at a time
in sequence, or, alternatively by scrolling the displayed characters of the message from right to left.

- An important feature of type 2 groups is the Text A/B ag contained in the second block. Two

cases occur:

If the receiver detects a change in the ag (from binary “0” to binary “1” or vice-versa), then

the whole radiotext display should be cleared and the newly received radiotext message segments
should be written into the display.

- If the receiver detects no change in the ag, then the received text segments or characters

should be written into the existing displayed message and those segments or characters for which
no update is received should be left unchanged.

When this application is used to transmit a 32-character message, at least three type 2A groups
or at least six type 2B groups should be transmitted in every two seconds.

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TYPE 3A & 3B GROUPS: APPLICATION IDENTIFICATION FOR OPEN DATA

The type 3A group conveys, to a receiver, information about which Open Data Applications are
carried on a particular transmission and in which groups they will be found. The type 3A group
comprises three elements:

- Application Group type code used by that application, 16 message bits for the actual ODA and

the Applications

- Identication (AID) code. Applications which actively utilize both, type A and B groups, are

signaled using two type 3A groups. The Application Group type code indicates the group type

used, in the particular transmission, to carry the specied ODA. Two special conditions may be

indicated: 00000 - Not carried in associated group; 11111 - Temporary data fault (Encoder status)
which means that incoming data to the encoder cannot be transmitted. The AID determines which
software handler a receiver needs to use. This supplements information carried in the type 1A group

and permits groups specied in this standard for EWS, IH, RP and TMC to be re-allocated when
these features are not used. This method of allocating and dening Open Data Applications in an

RDS transmission allows the addition and subtraction of ODAs, without constraint or the need to
await the publication of new standards. For each group type addressed by the Application Group

Type codes of a particular transmission, only one application may be identied as the current user

of the channel.

- The AID code 0000 (Hex) may be used to indicate that the respective group type is being used

for the normal feature specied in this standard. Application Identication codes 0001 to FFFF
(Hex) indicate applications as specied in the ODA Directory. The ODA Directory specication
associated with a particular AID code denes the use of type A and type B groups as follows:

-type A groups used alone (mode 1.1)

-type B groups used alone (mode 1.2)

-type A groups and type B groups used as alternatives (mode 2)

-type A groups and type B groups used together (mode 3)

It is important to note that the ODA Directory specication must not specify the actual type A

and type B groups to be used, since these are assigned in each transmission by the type 3A group.
The AID feature indicates that a particular ODA is being carried in a transmission. Each application
will have unique requirements for transmission of its respective AID, in terms of repetition rate and

timing. These requirements must be detailed in the respective ODA specication. The specication

must also detail the AID signaling requirements for such times when an application assumes or
loses the use of a group type channel.

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TYPE 4A & 4B GROUPS: CLOCK-TIME AND DATE, OPEN DATA APPLICATION

The transmitted clock-time and date shall be accurately set to UTC plus local offset time.
Otherwise the transmitted CT codes shall all be set to zero. When this application is used, one
type 4A group will be transmitted every minute. The local time is composed of Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) plus local time offset. The local time offset is expressed in multiples of
half hours within the range -12h to +12h and is coded as a six-bit binary number. “0” = positive
offset (East of zero degree longitude), and “1” = negative offset (West of zero degrees longitude).
The information relates to the epoch immediately following the start of the next group. The Clock
time group is inserted so that the minute edge will occur within ± 0.1 seconds of the end of the
Clock time group.

Minutes are coded as a six-bit binary number in the range 0-59. The spare codes are not used.

Hours are coded as ve-bit binary number in the range 0-23. The spare codes are not used. The
date is expressed in terms of Modied Julian Day and coded as a 17-bit binary number in the range
0-99999. Note that the Modied Julian Day date changes at UTC midnight, not at local midnight.

Accurate CT based on UTC plus local time offset must be implemented on the transmission where
TMC and/or Radio paging is implemented.

4B groups are usable for Open data (see “Type 3A & 3B groups” on page 61)

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TYPE 5A & 5B GROUPS: TRANSPARENT DATA CHANNELS OR ODA

These channels may be used to send alphanumeric characters, or other text (including mosaic
graphics), or for transmission of computer programs and similar data not for display. Details of

implementation of these last options are to be specied later. The repetition rate of these group

types may be chosen to suit the application and the available channel capacity at the time.

- 63 -

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TYPE 6A & 6B GROUPS: IN-HOUSE APPLICATIONS OR ODA

Type 6A groups are used for ODA and IH. In case this group is used for ODA applications see

“Type 3A & 3B groups” description. There are some unreserved bits in these groups. The contents

of the unreserved bits in these groups may be dened unilaterally by the operator. Consumer

receivers should ignore the in-house information coded in these groups. The repetition rate of these
group types may be chosen to suit the application and the available channel capacity at the time.

- 64 -

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TYPE 7A & 7B GROUPS: RADIO PAGING OR ODA

Type 7A groups are used for Radio Paging or ODA (see “Type 3A & 3B groups” on page 61)

- 65 -

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TYPE 8A & 8B GROUPS: TRAFFIC MESSAGE CHANNEL OR ODA

Type 8A groups are used for Trafc Message Channel (TMC); if used for ODA see “Type 3A &

3B groups” description. This group carries the TMC messages. The specication for TMC, using

the so called ALERT C protocol also makes use of type 1A and/or type 3A groups together with
4A groups

- 66 -

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TYPE 9A & 9B GROUPS: EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEMS OR ODA

These groups are transmitted very infrequently, unless an emergency occurs or test transmissions
are required. Type 9A group is used for EWS; if used for ODA, see “Type 3A & 3B groups”
description. The ODA may be used only in type B of these groups. Format and application of the
bits allocated for EWS messages may be assigned unilaterally by each country. However the ECC
feature must be transmitted in type 1A groups when EWS is implemented.

- 67 -

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TYPE 10A & 10B GROUPS: PROGRAM TYPE NAME (10A) AND OPEN DATA (10B)

The type 10A group allows further description of the current Program Type, for example, when
using the PTY code 4: SPORT, a PTYN of “Football” may be indicated to give more detail about
that program. PTYN must only be used to enhance Program Type information and it must not be

used for sequential information. The A/B ag is toggled when a change is made in the PTYN being
broadcast. Program Type Name (PTYN) (for display) is transmitted as 8-bit characters as dened

in the 8-bit code tables in annex E. Eight characters (including spaces) are allowed for each PTYN
and are transmitted as four character segments in each type 10A group. ODA - Type 10B group see

“Type 3A & 3B groups” description.

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TYPE 11A & 11B GROUPS: OPEN DATA APPLICATION

Open data - Type 11A and 11B groups (see “Type 3A & 3B groups” on page 61)

- 69 -

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TYPE 12A & 12B GROUPS: OPEN DATA APPLICATION

Open data - Type 12A and 12B groups (see “Type 3A & 3B groups” on page 61)

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TYPE 13A & 13B GROUPS: ENHANCED RADIO PAGING OR ODA

The type 13A group is used to transmit the information relative to the network and the paging

trafc. Its primary purpose is to provide an efcient tool for increasing the battery life time of the

pager. These groups are transmitted once or twice at the beginning of every interval (after the type

4A group at the beginning of each minute or after the rst type 1A group at the beginning of each

interval).

13B groups are usable for Open Data (see “Type 3A & 3B groups” on page 61)

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TYPE 14A & 14B GROUPS: ENHANCED OTHER NETWORKS INFORMATION (EON)

These groups are transmitted if Enhanced Other Networks information (EON) is implemented.
AF codes in type 14A groups are used to refer to frequencies of other networks. There are two AF
methods for transmitting this information. Variant 4 utilizes AF method A coding to transmit up to
25 frequencies; the coding method is as described above for type 0A groups. The PI code of the
other network to which the AF list applies is given in block 4 of the group. Variant 5 is used for

the transmission of “Mapped frequency pairs”. This is used to specically reference a frequency

in the tuned network to a corresponding frequency in another network. This is particularly used
by a broadcaster that transmits several different services from the same transmitter tower with the

same coverage areas. The rst AF code in block 3 refers to the frequency of the tuned network,
the second code is the corresponding frequency of the other network identied by the PI code in

block 4. Where it is necessary to map one tuning frequency to more than one VHF/FM frequency
for the cross-referenced program service (due to multiple use of the tuning frequency or because
the cross-referenced program is receivable at more than one frequency within the service area
associated with the tuning frequency), then variants 6, 7 and 8 are used to indicate second, third
and fourth mapped frequencies, respectively. LF/MF mapped frequencies are implicitly signaled
by using variant 9. AF Code 250 is not used with the mapped AF method.

- 72 -

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TYPE 15A & 15B GROUPS: FAST BASIC TUNING AND SWITCHING INFORMATION

Encoder manufactures usually eliminate this group type on new equipment. The RDS standard

currently has no denition for this group. It is intended that type 15A groups should be inserted

where it is desired to speed up acquisition time of the PS name. No alternative frequency information
is included in 15A groups, and this group will be used to supplement type 0B groups. If alternate
frequencies exist, type 0A will still be required. It is intended that type 15B groups should be
inserted where it is desired to increase the repetition rate of the switching information contained in
block 2 of type 0 groups without increasing the repetition rate of the other information contained
in these groups. No alternative-frequency information or program-service name is included in 15B
groups, and this group will be used to supplement rather than to replace type 0A or 0B groups.

When groups of this type are transmitted, the repetition rate may be chosen to suit the application
and the available channel capacity at the time.

- 73 -

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RADIOTEXT PLUS (RT+)

RadioText Plus or RT+ is “semantic analogue radio”. It allows the RDS feature RadioText
(RT) to be understood by FM RDS receiving terminals. RT+ is based on RDS RT messages and
is completely backwards compatible with RT. RT+ has been designed to let the listener (or user)

derive additional benets from the RDS RadioText service. It enables FM RDS receivers to

“understand” the RadioText – to recognize designated objects, to make those objects manageable

by the user and thus offer the user direct access to specic elements of RadioText messages. Such

an element can, for example, be programme-associated metadata such as the Title and the Artist
of the currently playing song, or it can be news headlines. This provides the listener with an
“mp3-player feeling” while listening to analogue FM radio. The elements can also carry additional
service messages or information about the Radio Station such as the telephone number or the
web address of the Radio Station’s hotline. These objects, or more accurately RT+ information

elements carried in the RDS RadioText (RT) messages, are identied by their location within the

RT messages and by the class code of their content type. Once an information element is received
and understood, a receiver is able to, for example, store the different RT+ information elements

and the listener may then select and request a specic content type from the radio’s memory at an

instant in time that suits the listener’s needs. Thus the listener is no longer forced to watch the RT
information passing (scrolling) by. Moreover, RT+ offers selected RT message elements to car
drivers on a static display, without risk of distracting the attention of the driver. Furthermore, RT+
is well suited for mobile phones with built-in FM receivers: telephone numbers can be directly
used to initiate calls, and web addresses can be used to start browsing the web content offered by
the radio programme provider.

All additional information necessary for implementing the RT+ service is carried in the RDS
group 3A and in an appropriate RDS ODA group.

- 74 -

GPS Monitor

GPS MONITOR SETTINGS

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UTC Time Zone Offset - Coordinated Universal Time is International Atomic Time. In casual use,
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the same as UTC. To adjust representation of UTC according to
your local time (or anything that suits you) select proper offset.
No Offset - UTC remains as it is.
Local Offset - Local offset is added, according to Windows Time Zone Settings. Value in
brackets is daylight savings if applicable.
Fixed - Custom offset is added regardless of local Time Zone Settings.

Speed Units - Visual conversion of speed units.

GPS Receiver Auto Start -

ON - Upon program startup GPS Receiver is Turned ON. GPS Receiver keeps existing Fix.
OFF - Upon program startup GPS Receiver is Turned OFF. GPS Receiver loses existing Fix.
Turn ON button - Immediately Turns ON GPS Receiver.
Turn OFF button - Immediately Turns OFF GPS Receiver. Current Fix is lost.

NOTE: GPS Receiver loses Fix when device is disconnected from PC or explicitly Turned

OFF. Closing the software keeps GPS Receiver state intact i.e. GPS Receiver continues, if Turned
ON, to operate independently and keeps track on satellite information.

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GPS MONITOR

Essential part of Band Scanner GPS is GPS Monitor.

Brief View of GPS Monitor is situated on Main screen:

Here are visualized all mandatory GPS parameters - Latitude, Longitude, Date, Time, Altitude,
Accuracy, Speed and Course.

When GPS Receiver is active green indicator will blink constantly. By default GPS Receiver is
turned ON, but if necessary could be turned OFF from “GPS Monitor Settings”.

After initial power-up of the device Brief View will be empty, indicating only that GPS Receiver
is under Satellite Acquisition.

Usually this process takes no more than 5 minutes. For example - bad weather or/and improper
GPS antenna position may extend Acquiring time.

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Detailed View is under GPS Monitor button:

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1. Satellites in View

This section consist information for satellites, which Band Scanner GPS captured in his view.
LED indicators shows reception quality for every satellite. Number beneath every LED is Satellite
ID. (see also “Sky View”)

2. Utilized Satellites and Fixation

2.1. Fix Mode: Manual (forced to operate in 2D or 3D) or Automatic (2D or 3D). Fix Mode is

direct result from satellites in view, as well as their position in the sky.

2.2. Satellites Used: Satellites included in Fix and DOP (Dilution of Precision) calculation.

2.3. PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision), HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision), VDOP

(Vertical Dilution of Precision) - A Root Mean Square (RMS) measure of the effects that any given
position solution geometry has on position errors. Geometry effects may be assessed in the local
horizontal (HDOP), local vertical (VDOP) or three-dimensional position (PDOP) for example.

3. Coordinates, Time, Speed and Accuracy

Here are shown position attributes - Latitude, Longitude, Date, Time, Altitude, Accuracy, Speed
and Course. Each reading is Fix Mode dependent i.e. better Fixation provides more accurate values.

4. GPS Flow

Tiny information for passing through GPS messages.

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SKY VIEW

Sky View is alternative representation of Satellites in View. Every satellite is represented as 2D
point in space, according to Elevation, Azimuth and signal quality of the satellite. Elevation is in
degrees from 0° to 90°. Azimuth is in degrees from 0°(North) to 359°. Sky View gives a general
idea of how satellites are scattered through the visible sky. Bigger the distance better the Dilution
of Precision.

Satellites with insufcient signal quality are colored in red.

Two toggle buttons are available.

First hides/shows the inner grid.

Second hides/shows azimuth and elevation labelling.

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Scheduler

CAMPAIGN MANAGER

Campaign Manager is essential part of the Scheduler. Here are maintained all predened

Campaigns and their Tasks.

Frequency Campaign

Frequency Campaigns has no special rules. Their purpose is to observe station parameters and
switch to next station in list. Suitable for small region surveys, which presumably did not require
regional station switching.

To add new Campaing/Task use New button. Campaign could be optionally created (while
entering non-existent name) or selected from already existing campaigns.

Frequency is to which frequency the Scheduler will tune on when Task takes place.

Observe Time is time which the Scheduler will remain tuned on Task frequency and will

collect information. When Observation Time is elapsed, Scheduler switches to next Task.

To edit Task/Campaign, select Task/Campaign from the list and press Edit button, or double­click on selection.

To remove Task/Campaign from the list, select Task/Campaign and press Del button.

WARNING: Campaign and its Tasks will be lost permanently and can not be undone.

To rearrange Task/Campaign position use Move Up and Move Down buttons respectively.

NOTE: Tasks sequence is strictly followed by Scheduling Process.

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PI Campaign

PI Campaigns follow some exceptional rules. Their purpose is to observe station parameters
and try to switch to respective regional frequency if there is Level/RDS faults. Suitable for broad
region surveys, which presumably require regional station switching using AF lists.

To add new Campaing/Task use New button. Campaign could be optionally created (while
entering non-existent name) or selected from already existing campaigns.

PI/CALL is to which PI the Scheduler will try to follow.

Observe Time is time which the Scheduler will remain tuned on Task frequency and will

collect information. When Observation Time is elapsed, Scheduler switches to next Task.

To edit Task/Campaign, select Task/Campaign from the list and press Edit button, or double­click on selection.

To remove Task/Campaign from the list, select Task/Campaign and press Del button.

WARNING: Campaign and its Tasks will be lost permanently and can not be undone.

To rearrange Task/Campaign position use Move Up and Move Down buttons respectively.

NOTE: Tasks sequence is strictly followed by Scheduling Process.

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SCHEDULER SETTINGS

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Buffering Time denes waiting time after which Scheduling Process switches to another

frequency, thus allowing hardware to smooth after switching over.

Low Level Threshold denes RF Level beneath which Scheduler will consider to perform

Switch (depending on Campaign Type).

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SCHEDULER CONTROL

Scheduling Process is controlled through Scheduler Control. Scheduling is process where

list of predened Tasks is taken and processed according some rules for nite time. Scheduling

Process takes care for collected data as well for switching between Tasks. Detailed explanation of
Scheduling Process will follow after introduction to Scheduling set-up.

Select campaign from Campaign drop-down, which lists all predened campaigns from
Campaign Manager.

Campaign Duration denes duration of Scheduling Process up to 24 hours.

Campaign Identier gives unique label/description for each scheduled campaign, which

allows to distinguish identical campaigns. Software automatically assigns Identier which includes

current date and time.

To start Scheduling Process press Start button, which changes to Stop and allows to stop
Scheduling Process at any time.

NOTE: Frequency Campaigns are marked with [FR] before their names, as well PI Campaigns

wit [PI].

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During Scheduling Status section is updated simultaneously. All status readings are self
explanatory.

Scheduling Process will be explained to avoid some confusions:

Scheduling is repetitive Task switching according to predened Task List (Campaign). Tasks
are picked one by one from the list and observed for dened time. When last task is reached the
process continues from rst Task in list and loops that way until Campaign Duration is elapsed.

Task observation is the inner process of scheduling and basically is dened by Frequency/PI

and time to observe. While observing all FM, RDS and GPS parameters are monitored. When GPS

position is changed or observing is nished all parameters are recorded.

Just before next task is to be picked from the list “Switching” comes in place (this is applicable

only on ‘Frequency Campaigns’). “Switching” denes what action to be taken upon RF level

is below threshold (see “Scheduler Settings” on page 81), PI is changed or lost due to bad RDS
reception. There are several possible actions:

PI Search - When PI is lost (frequnecy is not known), Scheduler will perform fast Band
Scan and will search the band for matching PI. This is rather slow process, but rarely executed
(mandatory at the Scheduling Start)

AF Switch - if during observation Alternative Frequencies are received, they will be observed
one by one. If some AF matches the current PI and has better RF Level, it will replace current
frequency in task list. If there are more than one PI match, the strongest RF Level will be chosen.

NOTE: Do not burden PI Campaigns with long task lists, which may lead to signicant increase

in repetition time! (See Side Effects below)

IMPORTANT: It is possible to start Schedule with lack of Fixation but no data will be recorded

until Fixation is reached.

To stop Scheduling Process press Stop button or Close scheduler.

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SIDE EFFECTS

Following a succession of Tune-Check Position-Collect Data, Scheduling Process is simple
enough, but combination of circumstances may lead to side effects:

- Lack of Fixation or Turned OFF GPS Receiver may produce empty Campaigns;

- Accuracy is bound up with DOP coefcients. High DOP usually lowers the Accuracy. While

staying motionless, DOP may remain constant for very long period, but Scheduling is intended to
be mobile. Spikes in resulting paths are consequence of low Accuracy, but inaccurate is only the
GPS position;

- Scheduling Process strictly follows Task Sequence as dened in Campaign Manager. The

design of Band Scanner GPS is intended for single-tune i.e. only one station at a time can be

observed. Appending Tasks increases total observation time, which denes repetition time of every
Task. AF observation during PI Campaings also have inuence here, but is variable. On the other

hand, motion is assumed along with the observation. In conclusion - number of Tasks together with
high speed brings proportional point-to-point gaps i.e. jagged path.

- ‘Distance to Start Point’ is straight line between starting and current location in contrast
to ‘Travelled Distance’ which is sum of joined segments. While ‘Travelled Distance’ always
increase, ‘Distance to Start Point’ may increase and decrease. Don’t confuse both of them, because
their meanings are not equal.

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Visualisation in Google Earth

GOOGLE EARTH SETTINGS

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Rene Settings:

Enable Rene - Enables rene settings to be applied with Visualisation in Google Earth.
Ignore Stacked Points with Distance Below - Through Scheduling the traversed path is

recorded as sum of points. Points are dened as Stacked when length distance between them is

below assigned. For example: If speed is quite low then the result will be Stacked Points. Entering

zero value will ignore Stacking despite Enable Rene option.

Split Path when Point-to-Point Distance is Above - Distance between two points is measured

in length units as well in time units. In contrast to length distance, time distance denes Path

Splits. For example: No matter what the moving speed is, the time can’t be stopped, so presumably
time distance is the same. What leads to prolonged time difference? - missing records (device
disconnection or no Fix). Path Splits are ‘dead zones’ in the Path, where data can’t be obtained.

Ignore Points with Accuracy Above - With every point recorded there is corresponding

accuracy value (See DOP). Accuracy used here (as term) is not coefcient, but deviation in length

units. To eliminate inaccurate points specify value toward zero. Entering zero value will ignore

Accuracy despite Enable Rene option.

Description - General description of exported data, visible when opened in Google Earth.

Path & Gap Color - Coloring of Paths and Gaps applicable to Google Earth as well to Quick

Preview.

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Threshold Gradients - Each measured value will be represented with colored point according to

this gradients. Thresholds are constant according to broadcasting authorities and can’t be changed.

Every gradient is dened from three colors - left, transitional and right. Each color corresponds to

thresholds above i.e. transitional color is not always in the center.

NOTE: Units for MPX, RDS and PILOT depend on Tuner Mode (RDS - KHz, RBDS - %) but

while in Google Earth double-gradient will be exported:

Gradients Steps - Value between 4 and 32, which denes granularity of the gradient:

- 8 steps

- 16 steps

- 32 steps

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MEASUREMENTS VISUALISATION IN GOOGLE EARTH

This is intermediate point between Band Scanner GPS and Google Earth.

Rene Settings & Threshold Gradients Sections recapitulates “Google Earth Settings”.

FM Log Import Filter acts like FM Log View.
Import from FM Log - imports all available data accroding to FM Log Import Filter.
Import from File - imports data from previously exported Campaigns.
Export Preview is List of Tasks and Campaigns for visualisation in Google Earth as well as in

Quick Preview. Items in List show essential information as Task Name, Task Frequency/PI, Period

of Observation, Paths, Valid Points (regarding Rene Settings) and Switching Points. Selecting

Item from List shows brief representation in Quick Preview which is close enough to Google
Earth.

To Remove Item from List - select desired Item and press Del button.
To Clear entire List press Clear button.
Rearrange Campaigns/Tasks using Up and Down buttons respectively.

Quick Preview auto calculates distance between outermost points along the horizontal and
vertical axis. Each point is represented with small square. Paths are drawn as solid lines. Gaps are
drawn as dashed lines. Paths and Gaps are colored according”Google Earth Settings”.

To Save all items available in Export Preview press Save As button. Type in desired name or
leave default one, which is formed from current date and time. Pressing Save button Google Earth

le is saved and will be available for future use. Saved les are intended for use exclusively with

Google Earth refer to “Look and Feel Google Earth” for detailed explanation of their purpose.

Pressing the Google Earth button will start Google Earth Software (if installed) preloaded with

auto-generated le of current Export Preview.

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LOOK AND FEEL GOOGLE EARTH

NOTE: Following matter is not subject of explaining how Google Earth Software works, but

to guide your experience with it.

Supposing you have Google Earth installed and pre-genareted .KMZ le is opened (see

“Measurements Visualisation in Google Earth” on page 87).

On Sidebar under the Places Panel you’ll nd folder named exactly as dened in Description
within our “Google Earth Settings”. Beneath the name is Date of Generation.

Subfolders are named according to information they contain, and allow to selectively arrange
visibility of data available. Each Task folder is denoted with Observed Frequency/PI and contains
selected FM parameters measured as well as traversed path. When multiple Tasks are available,

only the rst one is selected to prevent visual overlapping. This is not restriction but for your
convenience. Path and rst of the exported parameters are also auto-selected. Keep in mind that

visual overlapping follows the folder order e.g. Path is always beneath others.

Regardless of path visibility, Values alone forms the path itself.

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While examining points, Data Coloring takes its place. As individual every Point is Color­Coded according to Value measured and gives fast perception about parameter’s condition. As
group of Points Color-Coding represents per-area affect of the parameter.

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Each point can be examined upon clicking on it:

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Information related to observation conditions is contained into pop-up balloon. Frequency,
Date/Time of observation and actual value together with Color-Coding legend are shown.

There are two additional points which do not follow color-coding and are related to switch

conditions. When during campaign there is a frequency switch white point with yellow ag will be
displayed. When PI/RDS switch occurs, white point with red ag is displayed:

Additionally, each switch point represents switch information and conditions.

Detailed manipulations with Points, Paths, Time Slices and Google Earth Software as a whole
different software product will not be discussed further. To obtain help and copy of Google Earth
visiti Google Earth Website.

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Print Capabilities

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Dialog content differs from tool to tool but functionality remains the same.

Select the printer from the Printer drop-down. From the Setup button you can modify your
Printer settings if necessary (paper size, orientation, etc.).

Print Range provides easy way to select only desired pages to be printed.

From Go To section can be changed currently previewed page.

Output can be set to Monochrome independently of printer capabilities and will automatically
convert the graphic(s) from color to monochrome.

Margins allow to predene reserved white space around graphic(s). Clicking on Minimal button
will set margins to minimum allowed values for the printer selected. Show in Preview checkbox
shows/hides margins in preview as dotted lines, but not include them in output.

Header can be altered into different fashions and restored to default by Default button.

After adjusting all of the properties you are able to print the graphic just by pressing the “Print”
button.

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RDS LOG SETTINGS

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Log Capabilities

Keep Log – In this eld you must select the length of the log in days. Maximum value: 30

days. Data older than the maximum assigned period will be erased from the Log automatically (see

“Automatic Log Maintenance” on page 100).

Save RAW Log – By selecting this option the saving of the RAW data stream will be enabled.

ATTENTION: Be careful when using the “Save RAW Log” feature. Use it only if you really

need it, because the RAW RDS data stream generates high capacity of stored data les. This may
cause creating of big les and slowing down your PC functionality. Such kind of a problem may

happen especially when Minimal System Requirements are not covered or near minimum.

Save Extended Log – This option allows saving of the main RDS parameters and the tuner
condition. The saving period may be changed up to 30 minutes.

Save data change on – Enabling this feature allows saving all of the changes, detected in listed
parameters.

NOTE: In case of changing the working frequency or the input signal source, the “Change On”

log conditions are reset and the incoming data will be treated as new.

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TRACKING THE HISTORY SAVED IN THE RDS LOG

Using the LOG VIEW function makes possible to track and analyze all of the RDS data, saved
in the history. Each one LOG provides access to all the actions and records made by a previously
assigned schedule.

In the Extended Log sub window are listed main RDS parameters and tuner condition, saved

at predened period. In the right side are situated ltering options, allowing to choose preferred

columns and frequency.

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In the Data Change Log sub window are listed all occurred changes. In the right side are situated

ltering options, allowing to choose which changes to be listed.

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In the RAW Change Log sub window contains all RAW data passed through. (see “Log Export”

on page 99) (see also “Group Replayer”)

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FM LOG SETTINGS

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Keep Campaigns for – This eld denes the preservation time (in days) for Campaigns in Log.

Maximum value is 30 days. Data older than the maximum assigned period will be erased from the
FM Log automatically (see “Automatic Log Maintenance” on page 100).

Thresholds - Here is dened individual boundary for each measured parameter including color

for border values.

NOTE: Thresholds are only for visual representation and don’t have inuence elsewhere.

When in Bounds - Values greater than ‘below’ and lesser than ‘above’ are colored with selected

color.

Below - Values lesser than ‘below’ are colored with selected color.

Above - Values greater than ‘above’ are colored with selected color.

NOTE: Units for MPX, RDS and PILOT depend on Tuner Mode (RDS - KHz, RBDS - %).

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TRACKING THE HISTORY SAVED IN THE FM LOG

FM Log contains all data collected through Scheduling Process. At the bottom are situated

rening controls which gives the possibility to extract necessary data.

Campaing Type - Exclude all Campaign Types from view except selected one. Selecting ‘Any
Type’ shows all Types available.

Campaign Name - Exclude all Campaigns from view except selected one. Selecting ‘Any
Campaign’ shows all Campaigns available.

Campaign ID - Exclude all IDs from view except selected one. Selecting ‘Any ID’ shows all
IDs available within selection.

Task Name - Exclude all Tasks from view except selected one. Selecting ‘Any Task’ shows all
Tasks available within selection (See notes below).

From - Exclude all records prior to selected date.

To - Exclude all records past selected date.

In the right side are situated ltering options, allowing to choose preferred columns.

Select/Deselect All buttons select/deselect all columns at once.

Export - Exports rened data for future use. (see “Log Export” on page 99)(see “Measurements

Visualisation in Google Earth” on page 87).

Substantial virtue of FM Log is Data Coloring. By coloring individual data cells it is possible
to make fast conclusion which parameter is out of range (see “FM Log Settings” on page 96).
Further, when exporting data to Google Earth, data coloring is applied too, but bounds are constant
regarding broadcasting authorities.

Notes about Rening Back and Forth:

When rening data some strange behaviour may be experienced. This is because of indenite
property of rening controls and their close relation. Rening, especially when controls are set to
‘Any’ state, is obvious. Confusion comes when mixing indenite with constant selections. Keep
in mind that rening controls alter each other i.e. when changed they try to exclude redundant

data from other controls. For example: selected Task for ‘CMP 1’ is ‘Fr 99.9’. When selecting
‘CMP 2’, Task turns to ‘Any’. Because ‘CMP 2’ don’t include Task ‘Fr 99.9’, only choice remains

‘Any’, while trying to keep rening as close as possible. Sometimes given criteria may lead to non-

existing result, nevertheless the software tries to grant only existing choices. To avoid confusion
restore controls to ‘Any’ state and try not to mix mutually exclusive criteria.

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TRACKING THE HISTORY SAVED IN THE SYSTEM LOG

All the System messages carry information about the system’s changes and have no direct

inuence on the RDS parameters reading.

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LOG EXPORT

Regardless of type, all Logs could be exported to CSV (Comma Delimited) format (see “General

Settings” on page 29) and can be opened and used with Microsoft Excel or any CSV-compatible

software.

Clicking on Export button brings up ‘Save As’ dialog:

Exporting process automatically senses which of the logs you are watching at and pre-generates
suitable name, including type of log and current date.

Additionally RAW Log can be saved as proprietary GRP format applicable into “Group

Replayer” Tool. FM Log can be saved as proprietary CGN format for use in Measurements

Visualisation in Google Earth.

NOTE: Erasing or modifying of the exported les do not cause any inuence to the normal

program execution.

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AUTOMATIC LOG MAINTENANCE

On startup the Band Scanner Software performs automatic check of log retention depending on

Log Settings. This helps to “ght” the log pile-up and at the same time offers possibility to backup

the expired records in safe manner.

When expired records are found the following prompt will appear:

To Archive/Backup (and Clear afterwards) expired records, just select the suitable format for
archive action and click on “Archive & Clear” button. If not sure or need to delay the maintenance
process, simple click the “Cancel” button.

Backup les could be found under the “backup” folder, which resides inside the software

installation (typically: C:\Program Files\Band Scanner\backup).

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