d&b TI 385 User Manual
TI 385 (6.0 EN)
d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x
Contents
1. Introduction..................................................4
2. The J-Series line array...................................4
2.1 Number of cabinets required............................................4
2.2 J-SUB subwoofer setup.......................................................4
2.2.1 J-SUB ground stacks........................................................5
2.2.2 J-SUBs flown on top of a J8/J12 array........................5
2.2.3 Flown J-SUB columns.......................................................5
2.2.4 J-SUB horizontal SUB array............................................5
2.3 J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup.......................................5
2.3.1 Combined J-INFRA/J-SUB ground stacks.....................5
2.3.2 Flown J-SUBs, J-INFRA ground stacks...........................5
2.3.3 Flown J-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array.................................5
3. The V-Series line array..................................6
3.1 Number of cabinets required............................................6
3.2 V-SUB subwoofer setup......................................................6
3.2.1 V-SUB ground stacks.......................................................7
3.2.2 V-SUBs flown on top of a V8/V12 array.....................7
3.2.3 Flown V-SUB columns......................................................7
3.2.4 V-SUB horizontal SUB array..........................................7
3.3 V-, J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup..................................7
3.3.1 Combined J-, V-SUB ground stacks...............................7
3.3.2 Flown V-, J-SUBs or J-INFRA ground stacks..................7
3.3.3 Flown V-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array................................7
4. The Y-Series line array..................................8
4.1 Number of cabinets required............................................8
4.2 Y-SUB subwoofer setup......................................................8
4.2.1 Y-SUB ground stacks.......................................................9
4.2.2 Y-SUBs flown on top of a Y8/Y12 array.....................9
4.2.3 Flown Y-SUB columns......................................................9
4.2.4 Y-SUB horizontal SUB array...........................................9
4.3 V-, Y-, J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup............................9
4.3.1 Combined J-, Y-SUB ground stacks...............................9
4.3.2 Flown Y-, J-SUBs or J-INFRA ground stacks..................9
4.3.3 Flown Y-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array................................9
5. The Q-Series line array................................10
5.1 Number of cabinets required..........................................10
5.2 Subwoofer setup...............................................................10
6. The T-Series line array.................................12
6.1 Number of cabinets required..........................................12
6.2 Subwoofer setup...............................................................12
7. The xA-Series line array..............................13
7.1 Number of cabinets required..........................................13
7.2 Subwoofer setup...............................................................13
8. The d&b point sources.................................14
8.1 Number of cabinets required..........................................14
9. Column loudspeakers..................................14
10. ArrayCalc..................................................15
10.1 ArrayCalc installation....................................................15
10.2 Starting ArrayCalc.........................................................15
10.3 ArrayCalc menu options and Toolbar.........................16
10.3.1 File menu......................................................................16
10.3.2 View menu...................................................................16
10.3.3 Sources menu..............................................................16
10.3.4 Extras / Options menu...............................................16
10.3.5 Help menu...................................................................16
10.4 ArrayCalc workspace....................................................17
10.5 Venue page.....................................................................17
10.5.1 General data input.....................................................17
10.5.2 Project settings.............................................................17
10.5.3 Venue editor................................................................17
10.6 Sources page..................................................................20
10.6.1 Adding and deleting sources....................................20
10.7 Line Arrays.......................................................................20
10.7.1 Array settings...............................................................20
10.7.2 Auto Splay...................................................................23
10.7.3 Copy, Paste, Paste as new.........................................23
10.7.4 Mechanical load conditions for arrays...................24
10.7.5 Array view and load distribution..............................25
10.7.6 Top view diagram for arrays.....................................25
10.7.7 Profile at array aiming................................................25
10.7.8 SPL plot and signal selection for arrays...................26
10.7.9 Maximum SPL and headroom..................................27
10.7.10 Air absorption, HFC circuit......................................27
10.7.11 Array EQ / CPL........................................................28
10.7.12 Level adjustment (Lev/dB).......................................28
10.7.13 Horizontal arrays of J8, V8, Y8, Q1 and T10
columns......................................................................................28
10.8 Point sources...................................................................29
10.9 Column loudspeakers....................................................29
10.9.1 Point source SPL mapping.........................................31
10.9.2 Simulation limits...........................................................32
10.10 SUB arrays....................................................................32
10.10.1 General considerations on stacked subwoofer
placement..................................................................................32
10.10.2 L/R ground stack......................................................32
10.10.3 Design criteria...........................................................33
10.10.4 Physical placement of cabinets..............................33
10.10.5 Shaping the wavefront using delays.....................34
10.10.6 SUB array settings....................................................35
10.10.7 Mixed arrays of J-, V-SUBs and J-INFRAs.............37
10.10.8 Dispersion displays..................................................37
10.11 Alignment page...........................................................38
10.11.1 Time alignment of SUB arrays................................39
10.12 3D plot page................................................................40
10.13 Amplifiers page............................................................42
10.13.1 Create R1 files..........................................................42
10.13.2 Patches.......................................................................42
10.13.3 Patch dialog..............................................................42
10.13.4 Cabinets section.......................................................43
10.14 Snapshot manager......................................................43
10.15 Rigging plot page........................................................44
10.16 Parts list page...............................................................44
10.17 Ground stacked setups...............................................44
10.18 CPL circuit......................................................................45
10.19 Time alignment.............................................................46
10.19.1 Subwoofers...............................................................46
10.19.2 Nearfills.....................................................................46
10.19.3 Horizontal array.......................................................47
10.20 Equalization..................................................................47
11. ArrayProcessing........................................48
11.1 Motivation and benefits................................................48
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 2 of 54
11.2 How does it work?.........................................................49
11.3 ArrayProcessing workflow.............................................50
11.4 ArrayProcessing dialog.................................................51
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 3 of 54
1. Introduction
This Technical Information paper will explain the procedure
for designing and tuning d&b J, V, Q, T and xA-Series line
arrays, point source systems from the E, Q, T and xS Series
as well as column speakers from the xC Series in a given
venue using the d&b Array Calculator (ArrayCalc) from
version V7.x.x.
require a higher number of subwoofers, such as a J-SUB to
J8/J12 ratio of 2:3.
When additional J-INFRA systems are used, one cabinet
provides the very low frequency extension for two J-SUB
subwoofers, thus generally reducing the total number of
J-SUBs required.
Before setting up a system read the respective
manuals and safety instructions.
2. The J-Series line array
The J-Series consists of four different loudspeakers: the J8
and J12 loudspeakers and the J-SUB and J-INFRA
subwoofers. The J8 and J12 are mechanically and
acoustically compatible loudspeakers providing two
different horizontal coverage angles of 80° and 120°. The
dispersion of both systems is symmetrical and well
controlled to frequencies down to 250 Hz, their bandwidth
reaching from 48 Hz to 17 kHz.
J-Series loudspeakers can be operated with d&b D12 or
D80 amplifiers. With D80 amplifiers d&b ArrayProcessing
is available.
In the vertical plane J8 and J12 produce a flat wavefront
allowing splay angle settings between 0° and 7° (1°
increments). An array should consist of a minimum of six
cabinets - either J8, J12 or a combination of both.
The J8 with its 80° horizontal dispersion and high output
capability can cover any distance range up to 150 m
(490 ft) depending on the vertical configuration of the
array and the climatic conditions.
The J12 offers a wider horizontal coverage which is
particularly useful for short and medium throw applications.
Using a combination of J8 and J12 cabinets enables the
user to create a venue specific dispersion and energy
pattern.
The J-SUB cardioid subwoofer extends the system
bandwidth down to 32 Hz while providing exceptional
dispersion control either flown or ground stacked in arrays,
or set up individually.
The J-INFRA cardioid subwoofer is an optional extension to
a J8/J12/J-SUB system. It is used in ground stacked
configurations and extends the system bandwidth down to
27 Hz while adding impressive low frequency headroom.
2.2 J-SUB subwoofer setup
J-SUB cabinets can be used ground stacked, as a horizontal
SUB array or integrated into the flown array, either on top
of a J8/J12 array or flown as a separate column.
Depending on the application the dispersion pattern of the
J-SUB cabinet can be modified electronically to achieve the
best sound rejection where it is most effective. In cardioid
mode, the standard setting of the D12 J-SUB setup, the
maximum rejection occurs behind the cabinet (180°) while
hypercardioid mode (HCD selected) provides a maximum
rejection at 135° and 225°. The HCD mode should also
be used when J-SUB cabinets are operated in front of walls.
When used with additional subwoofers, the J8/J12 system
should be operated in CUT mode to gain maximum
headroom at low frequencies.
J8 / J-SUB crossover setup
When maximum low end headroom is not an issue, the
J8/J12 system can also be operated in standard mode (full
range, i.e. CUT not selected) and additional J-SUB cabinets
in INFRA mode can be used to extend the system
bandwidth down to 32 Hz.
2.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of J-Series loudspeakers to be used in an
application depends on the desired level, the distances and
the directivity requirements in the particular venue. Using the
J8 / J-SUB crossover setup, full range
d&b ArrayCalc calculator will define whether the system is
able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level,
additional J-SUBs will be necessary to extend the system
bandwidth and headroom. In most applications a J-SUB to
J8/J12 ratio of 1:2 is sufficient. Distributed SUB arrays may
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 4 of 54
2.2.1 J-SUB ground stacks
Using J-SUB cabinets in L/R ground stacks provides
maximum system efficiency due to the ground coupling of
the cabinets.
2.2.2 J-SUBs flown on top of a J8/J12 array
Flown J-SUBs create a more even level distribution over
distance. Compared to a ground stacked setup the area at
the very front below the arrays has much less low frequency
level because of the longer distance to the subwoofers.
However, when a high level of low frequency energy at the
front is desired, e.g. to compensate for a loud stage level,
additional ground stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
2.2.3 Flown J-SUB columns
When complete columns of J-SUBs are flown, the increased
vertical directivity adds to the distance effect described
above and thus creates a longer throw of low frequencies.
Clever positioning of flown subwoofer columns behind the
main and outfill arrays of TOP loudspeakers can greatly
enhance both visual appearance and acoustic performance
of the complete system through increased overall coherence
between the different parts of the system.
2.3.1 Combined J-INFRA/J-SUB ground stacks
Maximum coupling and coherence of the systems are
achieved when J-INFRA and J-SUB systems are stacked
close to each other. However, make sure to keep a
minimum distance of 60 cm (2 ft) between adjacent stacks.
J-INFRA cabinets should be operated in standard mode.
J8 / J-SUB / J-INFRA crossover setup
2.3.2 Flown J-SUBs, J-INFRA ground stacks
Flown columns of J-SUBs provide a higher vertical directivity
and thus a longer throw. Coupling with ground stacked
J-INFRAs will be less coherent and therefore requires the
70 Hz setting on the J-INFRA controllers.
2.2.4 J-SUB horizontal SUB array
Arranging J-SUBs in a horizontal array (SUB array)
provides the most even horizontal coverage eliminating the
cancellation zones to the left and right of the center of a
typical L/R setup. Refer to section 10.10 on page 32.
2.3 J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup
When used with J-INFRA cabinets J-SUB subwoofers are
always operated in standard mode (i.e. INFRA not
selected).
Depending on the application and the space requirements
a combination of J-SUB and J-INFRA cabinets can be set up
in several different ways.
J8 / J-SUB / J-INFRA 70 Hz crossover setup
2.3.3 Flown J-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array
As an option J-INFRA cabinets can be set up in a horizontal
SUB array in front of the stage. Also in this case the 70 Hz
setting on the J-INFRA controllers is advantageous. The
correct alignment of the array dispersion and delay settings
is performed using ArrayCalc. Refer to section 10.10 on
page 32.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 5 of 54
3. The V-Series line array
The V-Series consists of three different loudspeakers: the V8
and V12 loudspeakers and the V-SUB subwoofer. The V8
and V12 are mechanically and acoustically compatible
loudspeakers providing two different horizontal coverage
angles of 80° and 120°. The dispersion of both systems is
symmetrical and well controlled to frequencies down to
250 Hz, their bandwidth reaching from 65 Hz to 18 kHz.
V-Series loudspeakers can be operated with d&b D12,
D20 or D80 amplifiers. With D20 and D80 amplifiers d&b
ArrayProcessing is available.
In the vertical plane the V8 and V12 loudspeakers produce
a wavefront that allows splay angle settings ranging from
0° to 14° (1° increments). An array should consist of a
minimum of four cabinets - either V8, V12 or a combination
of both.
The V8 with its 80° horizontal dispersion and high output
capability can cover any distance range up to 100 m
(330 ft) depending on the vertical configuration of the
array and the climatic conditions.
The V12 offers a wider horizontal coverage which is
particularly useful for short and medium throw applications.
Using a combination of V8 and V12 cabinets enables the
user to create a venue specific dispersion and energy
pattern.
The V-SUB cardioid subwoofer extends the system
bandwidth down to 37 Hz while providing exceptional
dispersion control either flown or ground stacked in arrays
or set up individually.
The J-INFRA cardioid subwoofer is an optional extension to
a V8/V12/V-SUB system. It is used in ground stacked
configurations and extends the system bandwidth down to
27 Hz while adding impressive low frequency headroom.
3.2 V-SUB subwoofer setup
V-SUB cabinets can be used ground stacked, as a
horizontal SUB array or integrated into the flown array,
either on top of a V8/V12 array or flown as a separate
column.
The V-SUB cabinet offers a cardioid dispersion pattern
throughout its entire operating bandwidth.
When used with additional subwoofers, the V8/V12 system
should be operated in CUT mode to gain maximum
headroom at low frequencies.
V8 / V-SUB crossover setup
When maximum low end headroom is not an issue, the V8/
V12 system can also be operated in standard mode (full
range, i.e. CUT not selected) and additional V-SUB cabinets
in 100 Hz mode or J-SUB cabinets in INFRA mode can be
used to extend the system bandwidth down to
38 Hz/32 Hz.
3.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of V-Series loudspeakers to be used in an
application depends on the desired level, the distances and
the directivity requirements in the particular venue. Using the
d&b ArrayCalc calculator will define whether the system is
able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level,
additional V-SUBs will be necessary to extend the system
bandwidth and headroom. In most applications a V-SUB to
V8/V12 ratio of 1:2 is sufficient. Distributed SUB arrays
may require a higher number of subwoofers, such as a
V-SUB to V8/V12 ratio of 2:3.
When additional J-INFRA systems are used, one cabinet
provides the very low frequency extension for two V-SUB
subwoofers, thus generally reducing the total number of
V-SUBs required.
V8 / V-SUB / J-SUB crossover setup, full range
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 6 of 54
3.2.1 V-SUB ground stacks
Using V-SUB cabinets in L/R ground stacks provides
maximum system efficiency due to the ground coupling of
the cabinets.
3.2.2 V-SUBs flown on top of a V8/V12 array
Flown V-SUBs create a more even level distribution over
distance. Compared to a ground stacked setup the area at
the very front below the arrays has much less low frequency
level because of the longer distance to the subwoofers.
However, when a high level of low frequency energy at the
front is desired, e.g. to compensate for a loud stage level,
additional ground stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
3.2.3 Flown V-SUB columns
When complete columns of V-SUBs are flown, the increased
vertical directivity adds to the distance effect described
above and thus creates a longer throw of low frequencies.
Clever positioning of flown subwoofer columns behind the
main and outfill arrays of TOP loudspeakers can greatly
enhance both visual appearance and acoustic performance
of the complete system through increased overall coherence
between the different parts of the system. Refer to V-Series
setup example 6a on page .
3.3.1 Combined J-, V-SUB ground stacks
Maximum coupling and coherence of the systems are
achieved when J-SUB and V-SUB systems are stacked close
to each other. However, make sure to keep a minimum
distance of 60 cm (2 ft) between adjacent stacks. J-SUB
cabinets should be operated in standard mode.
V8 / V-SUB / J-SUB crossover setup
3.3.2 Flown V-, J-SUBs or J-INFRA ground stacks
Flown columns of V-SUBs provide a higher vertical
directivity and thus a longer throw. Ground stacked J-SUBs
or J-INFRA can be operated in either crossover mode
depending on the ratio of flown to ground stacked
subwoofers.
3.2.4 V-SUB horizontal SUB array
Arranging V-SUBs in a horizontal array (SUB array)
provides the most even horizontal coverage eliminating the
cancellation zones to the left and right of the center of a
typical L/R setup. Refer to section 10.10 on page 32.
3.3 V-, J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup
When used with J-SUB and J-INFRA cabinets, V-SUB
subwoofers are always operated in standard mode (i.e.
100 Hz not selected).
Depending on the application and the space requirements
a combination of V-SUB and J-SUB / J-INFRA cabinets
can be set up in several different ways.
V8 / V-SUB / J-INFRA crossover setup
3.3.3 Flown V-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array
As an option J-INFRA cabinets can be set up in a horizontal
SUB array in front of the stage. In this case the 70 Hz
setting on the J-INFRA controllers is advantageous. The
correct alignment of the array dispersion and delay settings
is performed using ArrayCalc. Refer to section 10.10 on
page 32.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 7 of 54
4. The Y-Series line array
Y-SUB STD
Y8 CUT
Y8
J-SUB INFRA
Y-SUB
100 Hz
The Y-Series line array consists of three different
loudspeakers: the Y8 and Y12 loudspeakers and the Y-SUB
subwoofer. The Y8 and Y12 are mechanically and
acoustically compatible loudspeakers providing two
different horizontal coverage angles of 80° and 120°. The
dispersion of both systems is symmetrical and well
controlled to frequencies down to 500 Hz, their bandwidth
reaching from 54 Hz to 19 kHz.
Y-Series loudspeakers can be operated with d&b D6, D12,
D20 or D80 amplifiers. With D20 and D80 amplifiers d&b
ArrayProcessing is available.
In the vertical plane the Y8 and Y12 loudspeakers produce
a wavefront that allows splay angle settings ranging from
0° to 14° (1° increments). An array should consist of a
minimum of four cabinets - either Y8, Y12 or a combination
of both.
The Y8 with its 80° horizontal dispersion and high output
capability can cover any distance range up to 100 m
(330 ft) depending on the vertical configuration of the
array and the climatic conditions.
The Y12 offers a wider horizontal coverage which is
particularly useful for short and medium throw applications.
Using a combination of Y8 and Y12 cabinets enables the
user to create a venue specific dispersion and energy
pattern.
The Y-SUB cardioid subwoofer extends the system
bandwidth down to 39 Hz while providing exceptional
dispersion control either flown or ground stacked in arrays
or set up individually.
The J-INFRA cardioid subwoofer is an optional extension to
a Y8/Y12/Y-SUB system. It is used in ground stacked
configurations and extends the system bandwidth down to
27 Hz while adding impressive low frequency headroom.
4.2 Y-SUB subwoofer setup
Y-SUB cabinets can be used ground stacked, as a
horizontal SUB array or integrated into the flown array,
either on top of a Y8/Y12 array or flown as a separate
column.
The Y-SUB cabinet offers a cardioid dispersion pattern
throughout its entire operating bandwidth.
When used with additional subwoofers, the Y8/Y12 system
should be operated in CUT mode to gain maximum
headroom at low frequencies.
Y8 /Y-SUB crossover setup
When maximum low end headroom is not an issue, the Y8/
Y12 system can also be operated in standard mode (full
range, i.e. CUT not selected) and additional Y-SUB cabinets
in 100 Hz mode or J-SUB cabinets in INFRA mode can be
used to extend the system bandwidth down to
38 Hz/32 Hz.
4.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of Y-Series loudspeakers to be used in an
Y8 / Y-SUB / J-SUB crossover setup, full range
application depends on the desired level, the distances and
the directivity requirements in the particular venue. Using the
d&b ArrayCalc calculator will define whether the system is
able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level,
additional Y-SUBs will be necessary to extend the system
bandwidth and headroom. In most applications a Y-SUB to
Y8/Y12 ratio of 1:2 is sufficient. Distributed SUB arrays
may require a higher number of subwoofers, such as a
Y-SUB to Y8/Y12 ratio of 2:3 or higher.
When additional J-INFRA systems are used, one cabinet
provides the very low frequency extension for up to four
Y-SUB subwoofers, thus generally reducing the total number
of Y-SUBs required.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 8 of 54
4.2.1 Y-SUB ground stacks
Y-SUB STD
Y8 CUT
Y-SUB STD
Y8 CUT
J-INFRA
STD
Using Y-SUB cabinets in L/R ground stacks provides
maximum system efficiency due to the ground coupling of
the cabinets.
4.2.2 Y-SUBs flown on top of a Y8/Y12 array
Flown Y-SUBs create a more even level distribution over
distance. Compared to a ground stacked setup the area at
the very front below the arrays has much less low frequency
level because of the longer distance to the subwoofers.
However, when a high level of low frequency energy at the
front is desired, e.g. to compensate for a loud stage level,
additional ground stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
4.2.3 Flown Y-SUB columns
When complete columns of Y-SUBs are flown, the increased
vertical directivity adds to the distance effect described
above and thus creates a longer throw of low frequencies.
Clever positioning of flown subwoofer columns behind the
main and outfill arrays of TOP loudspeakers can greatly
enhance both visual appearance and acoustic performance
of the complete system through increased overall coherence
between the different parts of the system.
4.3.1 Combined J-, Y-SUB ground stacks
Maximum coupling and coherence of the systems are
achieved when J-SUB and Y-SUB systems are stacked close
to each other. However, make sure to keep a minimum
distance of 60 cm (2 ft) between adjacent stacks. J-SUB
cabinets should be operated in standard mode.
Y8 / Y-SUB / J-SUB crossover setup
4.3.2 Flown Y-, J-SUBs or J-INFRA ground stacks
Flown columns of Y-SUBs provide a higher vertical
directivity and thus a longer throw. Ground stacked J-SUBs
or J-INFRA can be operated in either crossover mode
depending on the ratio of flown to ground stacked
subwoofers.
4.2.4 Y-SUB horizontal SUB array
Arranging Y-SUBs in a horizontal array (SUB array)
provides the most even horizontal coverage eliminating the
cancellation zones to the left and right of the center of a
typical L/R setup. Refer to section 10.10 on page 32.
4.3 V-, Y-, J-SUB/J-INFRA subwoofer setup
Y-SUB and V-SUB cabinets can be combined in virtually
any application that does not require mechanical
compatibility. Their modes should always be synchronized
(i.e. both in 100 Hz mode or both in standard mode).
When used with J-SUB and J-INFRA cabinets, Y-SUB
subwoofers are always operated in standard mode (i.e.
100 Hz not selected).
Depending on the application and the space requirements
a combination of Y-SUB and J-SUB / J-INFRA cabinets can
be set up in several different ways.
Y8 / Y-SUB / J-INFRA crossover setup
4.3.3 Flown Y-SUBs, J-INFRA SUB array
As an option J-INFRA cabinets can be set up in a horizontal
SUB array in front of the stage. In this case the 70 Hz
setting on the J-INFRA controllers is advantageous. The
correct alignment of the array dispersion and delay settings
is performed using ArrayCalc. Refer to section 10.10 on
page 32.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 9 of 54
5. The Q-Series line array
The Q1 is a compact and lightweight line array cabinet
providing a 75° constant directivity coverage in the
horizontal plane down to 400 Hz. The system can be used
from very small configurations of two cabinets per array up
to a maximum of twenty cabinets per array for larger
venues.
Q1 cabinets have a very low height of only 30 cm (1 ft)
and when combined in arrays its accurate wavefront covers
up to 14° vertically per cabinet, and couples coherently up
to 12 kHz when configured in a straight (0° splay) long
throw section. The Q1 covers the frequency range from
60 Hz to 17 kHz.
The Q7 and Q10 cabinets are mechanically and
acoustically compatible loudspeakers with 75° x 40° and
110° x 40° spherical dispersion patterns which can be
used as a downfill (Q7) or nearfill extension with Q1
arrays.
Smaller configurations of Q1 cabinets can also be used
ground stacked, supported by Q-SUB cabinets. The most
even energy distribution in the audience area will however
be achieved with a flown array.
The TI assumes that all Q-Series cabinets are driven by d&b
D6 or D12 amplifiers. E-PAC amplifiers do not provide HFC
and CSA settings.
When used with subwoofers, the Q1 systems should be
operated in CUT mode to gain maximum headroom at low
frequencies.
Q-SUB (40 – 100/130 Hz)
Q-SUB cabinets can be used ground stacked or integrated
into the flown array, either on top of a Q1 array or flown
as a separate column.
Flown Q-SUBs create a different level distribution in the
audience area than ground stacked ones. In particular the
area at the very front below the arrays has much less low
frequency energy when subwoofers are included in the
array. This can be very useful in applications that do not
require high levels of low frequency energy at the front,
however for an event with high stage level additional
ground stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
For Q1 arrays consisting of three or more cabinets we
recommend the use of the 100 Hz setting for the Q-SUB
systems. Smaller Q1 arrays providing less coupling at low
frequencies may benefit from the higher crossover
frequency of the standard mode of the Q-SUBs (130 Hz).
5.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of Q1 cabinets to be used in an application
depends on the desired level, the distances and the
directivity requirements in the particular venue. Using the
d&b ArrayCalc calculator will prove whether the system is
able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level
additional Q-SUB subwoofer systems will be necessary to
extend the system bandwidth and headroom. The number
of Q-SUBs needed per Q1 cabinet for serious full-range
program will decrease with the size of the system. For small
setups a 1:1 ratio is recommended, for example four
Q-SUBs to four Q1s, while larger systems will work with a
2:3 ratio, for example eight Q-SUBs to twelve Q1s. Please
note that CSA setups require a multiple of three Q-SUB
cabinets.
As an option Q1 systems can also be used with J-SUB or
J-INFRA subwoofers.
5.2 Subwoofer setup
Subwoofers are operated most efficiently when stacked on
the ground. For cleanest sound and coverage we
recommend arranging subwoofers in a CSA configuration
as described in d&b TI 330 Cardioid SUB array which is
available for download from the d&b audiotechnik website
at www.dbaudio.com.
Q1/Q-SUB crossover setup
Compared to a standard Q-SUB configuration a CSA setup
produces slightly less level above 70 Hz, so it may be
advantageous to use the standard (130 Hz) amplifier
setting.
J-SUB (32 – 70/100 Hz)
J-SUB cabinets can be used to supplement a Q1 system in
different ways.
If the system is equipped with a sufficient number of Q-SUB
cabinets, J-SUBs can be used to extend its bandwidth to
below 32 Hz. Driven by D12 amplifiers set to INFRA mode
one J-SUB will supplement up to four Q-SUB cabinets.
This combination will achieve its maximum headroom when
the Q-SUBs are operated in the 130 Hz mode. If for audio
reasons the lower crossover frequency to the Q1s is desired
you may also reduce the gain of the Q-SUB amplifiers.
Decreasing the gain by 2.5 dB will create the same
downward shift to the upper slope as switching to the
100 Hz setting, but with less low frequency boost.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 10 of 54
Q1/Q-SUB/J-SUB crossover setup
Please note that a combined ground stack consisting of
Q-SUB and J-SUB cabinets will only provide a consistent
directivity when Q-SUBs are used in CSA setups. Also make
sure to keep the required distance of 60 cm (2 ft) between
the stacks in order to not adversely affect the cardioid
directivity of the systems.
J-SUB subwoofers can also be used as an alternative to
ground stacked Q-SUBs. In this case J-SUB cabinets are
operated in standard mode with a crossover frequency of
100 Hz. One J-SUB will replace three Q-SUB cabinets in a
CSA setup and extends the system bandwidth down to
32 Hz.
J-INFRA (27 – 60/70 Hz)
To achieve the ultimate low frequency extension for a Q
system consisting of Q1 and Q-SUB cabinets, additional
J-INFRA subwoofers can be used. They provide a standard
(60 Hz) and a 70 Hz mode. The selection of the mode
depends on the coupling between J-INFRA and Q-SUB
cabinets in the actual setup. When combined in a ground
stack the standard (60 Hz) mode provides more headroom
at very low frequencies.
Please note that a combined ground stack consisting of
Q-SUB and J-INFRA cabinets will only provide a consistent
directivity when Q-SUBs are used in CSA setups. Also make
sure to keep the required distance of 60 cm (2 ft) between
the stacks in order not to adversely affect the cardioid
directivity of the systems.
Q1/J-SUB crossover setup
J-SUB cabinets in INFRA mode can be used to extend the
bandwidth of a Q1 line array operated in full-range mode,
without Q-SUBs. As this application does not expand the
headroom of the Q1 array it is only useful when medium
levels but very low frequencies are required, for example
for special effects.
Q1/Q-SUB/J-INFRA crossover setup
Q1/J-SUB crossover setup, full range
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 11 of 54
6. The T-Series line array
The T10 is a very compact loudspeaker system which can
be used both as a line array and as a high directivity point
source speaker. For these applications the T10 cabinet
provides two different dispersion characteristics which can
be swapped over without any tools.
In line array mode the T10 provides a 105° constant
directivity coverage in the horizontal plane allowing for
vertical splay angles of up to 15° per cabinet. The system
can be used from very small configurations of three
cabinets per array up to a maximum of 20 cabinets per
array for larger venues. The T10 covers the frequency
range from 68 Hz to 18 kHz.
The T-SUB subwoofer extends the system bandwidth down
to 47 Hz either flown or ground stacked.
Smaller configurations of T10 cabinets can also be used
ground stacked supported by T-SUB cabinets or mounted
on a high stand. The most even energy distribution in the
audience area will however be achieved with a flown
array.
6.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of T10 cabinets to be used in an application
depends on the desired level, the distances and the
directivity requirements in the particular venue. Using the
d&b ArrayCalc calculator will prove whether the system is
able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level
additional T-SUB subwoofer systems will be necessary to
extend the system bandwidth and headroom. The number
of T-SUBs needed per T10 cabinet for serious full-range
program will decrease with the size of the system. For small
setups a 1:3 ratio is recommended, for example one T-SUB
to three T10s.
For T10 arrays consisting of three or more cabinets we
recommend the use of the 100 Hz setting for the T-SUB
systems. Smaller T10 arrays providing less coupling at low
frequencies may benefit from the higher crossover
frequency of the standard mode of the T-SUB (140 Hz).
T10 / T-SUB crossover setup
B4-SUB (40 – 100/150 Hz)
Q-SUB (40 – 100/130 Hz)
E15X-SUB (37 – 100/140 Hz)
As an option T10 systems can also be used with B4-SUB,
Q-SUB or E15X-SUB subwoofers. These cabinets cannot be
integrated into a flown T-Series rig. However, they allow the
deployment of T10 cabinets on their M20 flanges using
either the T-Series Base Plate or the T-Series Cluster Bracket.
The T-Series Base Plate connects directly to the M20 flange
and supports an array of up to 6 x T10 cabinets while the
T-Series Cluster Bracket is pole mounted on the M20 flange
and supports up to three T10 cabinets.
To achieve the best acoustic results in critical venues, we
recommend to use the B4-SUB. It is a compact and effective
solution providing a cardioid dispersion from a single
amplifier channel.
Like the T-SUB these systems provide a 100 Hz circuit on
their controller which can be set accordingly.
6.2 Subwoofer setup
When used with subwoofers, the T10 systems should be
operated in CUT mode to gain maximum headroom at low
frequencies.
J-SUB (32 – 70/100 Hz)
J-SUB cabinets in INFRA mode can be used to extend the
frequency range of a T-Series system. To gain maximum
headroom T-SUBs should be operated in standard mode
(i.e. 100 Hz not selected).
T-SUB (47 – 100/140 Hz)
T-SUB cabinets can be used to supplement the LF headroom
of the T10 loudspeakers in various combinations. They can
be used ground stacked or integrated into the flown array,
either on top of a T10 array or flown as a separate column.
Flown T-SUBs create a different level distribution in the
audience area than ground stacked ones. In particular the
area at the very front below the arrays has much less low
frequency energy when subwoofers are included in the
array.
T10 / T-SUB / J-SUB crossover setup
This can be very useful in applications that do not require
high levels of low frequency energy at the front, however
for an event requiring a loud stage level additional ground
stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 12 of 54
7. The xA-Series line array
The 10AL and 10AL-D line array modules of the xA-Series
have been specifically designed for fixed installations with
visually unobtrusive integrated rigging systems.
For these applications, the cabinets are available with two
different constant directivity dispersion characteristics in the
horizontal plane:
The 10AL provides a 75° coverage while the 10AL-D
version provides 105° of coverage. In the coupling plane,
both allow for vertical splay angles of up to 15° per
cabinet. Both versions may be combined in one array, for
example with 10AL cabinets at the top for longer distances
and one or two 10AL-D to cover the areas near the stage.
Both systems can be used from small configurations of three
cabinets per array up to a maximum of 9 cabinets per
array.
The 10AL (-D) covers the frequency range from 60 Hz to
18 kHz. 18A-SUB or 27A-SUB subwoofers extend the
system bandwidth down to 37 Hz or 40 Hz, respectively.
They can be flown in a separate column, integrated at the
top or within an array or used as ground stacked
applications. When they are flown together with line array
modules, the maximum number of total cabinets is reduced
due to the additional weight.
Configurations of up to six 10AL / 10AL-D cabinets can
also be used ground stacked, supported by 18S-SUB or
27S-SUB cabinets. The most even energy distribution in the
audience area will however be achieved with a flown
array.
7.2 Subwoofer setup
When used with subwoofers, the 10AL(-D) systems should
be operated in CUT mode to gain maximum headroom at
low frequencies.
27A-SUB/27S-SUB (40 – 100/140 Hz)
Subwoofers can be used to supplement the LF headroom of
the 10AL loudspeakers in various combinations.
To achieve the best acoustic result in critical venues, we
recommend the use of 27A-SUB or 27S-SUB subwoofers.
They offer a compact and effective solution by providing
cardioid dispersion from a single amplifier channel.
They can be used ground stacked (27S-SUB and 27A-SUB)
or integrated into the flown array (27A-SUB), either at the
top or within a 10AL array, or flown as a separate column.
Flown subwoofers create a different level distribution in the
audience area than ground stacked ones. Particularly the
area directly at the front below the arrays provides less low
frequency energy when subwoofers are included in the
array.
This can be very useful in applications that do not require
high levels of low frequency energy at the front, however
for an event requiring a loud stage level, additional ground
stacked subwoofers may be necessary.
For 10AL arrays consisting of three or more cabinets, we
recommend the use of the 100 Hz setting for the
subwoofers. Smaller 10AL arrays providing less coupling at
low frequencies may benefit from the higher crossover
frequency of the standard mode (140 Hz).
7.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of 10AL or 10AL-D cabinets to be used in one
application depends on the desired level, the distances to
be covered and the directivity requirements of the particular
venue. Using the d&b ArrayCalc calculator will prove
whether the system is able to fulfill the requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level
additional 18A-SUB or 27A-SUB subwoofer systems may
be necessary to extend the system bandwidth and
headroom. The number of subwoofers required per 10AL
(-D) cabinet to provide a serious full-range program
decreases with the size of the system. For small to medium
size setups, a 1:3 ratio is recommended, for example one
27A-SUB to three 10ALs.
10AL / 18A/27A-SUB crossover setup
18A-SUB/18S-SUB (37 – 100/140 Hz)
18A-SUB or 18S-SUB cabinets can be used in the same
way as 27A-SUB or 27S-SUB cabinets but without the
benefit of cardioid dispersion.
For these systems, just like for the 27S/A-SUBs, a 100 Hz
circuit is available on the controller, which can be set
accordingly.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 13 of 54
8. The d&b point sources
From Version V7x.x, a range of d&b point source
loudspeakers is available for integration into a project. All
current top cabinets of the E-Series, Y(i)P-Series, Q(i)7,
Q(i)10, T(i)10PS and xS-Series can be selected, both in
stand-alone projects and in combination with line arrays.
Please note that a T(i)10L loudspeaker that is deployed
horizontally may also be used as a single nearfill with the
T10PS setup although its polar dispersion does not reflect a
"point source".
For cabinets that are equipped with rotatable HF horns,
both horn orientations can be selected separately. Each
selectable orientation for a specific loudspeaker type uses
its own measured polar data set. This is defined by the
chosen nominal horizontal and vertical dispersion angles
and follows the convention [SystemName] [horizontal
dispersion] x [vertical dispersion] while the cabinet itself
remains in its typical mechanical orientation, i.e. in an
upright position (e.g. 10S 75x50; E6 55x100; Q7 40x75
etc).
If a system is used lying on its side, the standard dataset
must be used and the cabinet rotation must be set to either
90°(on its left side, seen from a listener's position) or 270°
(on its right side, seen from a listener's position). The cabinet
can be rotated in steps of 90° degrees. Each individual
cabinet can be freely positioned within the room with
horizontal or vertical aiming.
Selecting a loudspeaker optionally displays a balloon polar
plot or its vertical aiming into the room.
More specific loudspeaker data can be found in the
relevant documentation of the respective d&b products.
9. Column loudspeakers
The xC-Series column loudspeakers are passive 2-way
designs with a passive bandpass system providing a
cardioid dispersion control with an 18 dB average
broadband attenuation to the rear of the loudspeakers.
The 16C behaves as a standard point source cabinet with
a 90° x 40° (h x v) dispersion and is treated accordingly
in ArrayCalc. Its HF horn orientation is fixed, as a result
there is one single set of data available. You can, of course,
change the orientation of the cabinet itself like with all point
sources.
The 24C provides a special 90° x 20° pattern with a
variable vertical aiming to produce an even level
distribution over a typical audience area. This is achieved
by adjusting the vertical angle of the complete HF array
between 0° and –14°combined with a 5° down tilt to the
dispersion of low and mid frequencies.
When the 24C-E Cardioid column extender is attached,
vertical dispersion control is extended towards low
frequencies by another full octave.
8.1 Number of cabinets required
The number of point source cabinets is primarily defined by
their specific application, for example as nearfill or delay
systems or as the main system. Of course, the number of
cabinets also depends on the desired level, the distances to
be covered and the directivity requirements in the particular
venue or project. Using the d&b ArrayCalc calculator will
prove whether the system is able to fulfill the specific
requirements.
Depending on the program material and the desired level,
additional d&b subwoofer systems may be necessary to
extend the bandwidth and headroom
When used with subwoofers, the point sources should be
operated in CUT mode to gain maximum headroom at low
frequencies.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 14 of 54
10. ArrayCalc
For both acoustic and safety reasons all d&b line arrays
must be designed using the d&b ArrayCalc simulation tool.
ArrayCalc also provides functionality to integrate individual
d&b point source loudspeakers into a simulation project.
ArrayCalc is available for PC and MAC.
ArrayCalc uses a sophisticated mathematical model
synthesizing each line-array cabinet's wavefront using
measured high-resolution dispersion data. Sound pressure
level is calculated in 3D using complex data (vector
summation).
Point sources are modelled using complex measured highresolution 3D polar data.
ArrayCalc provides the following features:
— Editing of three-dimensional listening planes to create
audience areas in a given venue and shape.
— Help function to obtain venue dimensions using laser
distance finders and inclinometers.
— Level distribution on up to five different audience areas
displayed in 3D format for selectable frequency bands
from 32 Hz to 12.5 kHz.
— Calculation of absolute sound pressure levels in
audience areas including system headroom supervision
for different input signals.
— Combination of up to 14 different array pairs distributed
across the venue plus ground stacked subwoofers in L/R
combinations or arranged as SUB array.
— Calculation of ArrayProcessing settings for line arrays
— Flown subwoofers integrated into the line arrays or flown
as separate columns.
— Additional integration of up to six groups of d&b point
source loudspeakers.
— Additional integration of xC column loudspeakers.
— Auto tuning algorithms for vertical aiming and splay
angles of arrays as well as SUB array settings.
— Tuning of all relevant amplifier settings like level, array
coupling, crossover and cardioid modes.
— Simulation of air absorption effects depending on
environmental conditions, tuning of the respective
amplifier settings.
— System time alignment between different sources and
subwoofers using impulse and phase response data.
— Calculation of load and space requirements for rigging
points.
— Calculation and supervision of electronic and physical
load conditions as well as mechanical forces within
arrays.
— Design and calculation printouts, printable parts lists for
inventory control and loading as well as DXF and EASE
export functions.
— Project file export into the d&b R1 Remote control
software.
System requirements
— PC with Intel/AMD (1 GHz or more); Windows 7 or
higher.
— or Macintosh (Intel); Mac OS 10.6 or higher.
— 2 GB RAM, 4 GB recommended.
— 100 MB of available hard disk capacity.
— Mouse, preferably with wheel.
— Minimum screen resolution 1280 x 1024; on smaller
screens viewport has to be scrolled.
10.1 ArrayCalc installation
Windows systems:
To install ArrayCalc, start ArrayCalcSetup.exe or
ArrayCalcSetup.msi and follow the instructions in the setup
dialog.
The default installation path is:
C:\Program files\dbaudio\ArrayCalc
A default project directory will be created:
Windows Version 7 or higher:
C:\Users\'username'\My Documents\dbaudio
To remove ArrayCalc from your system, go to Start –
Settings – Control Panel – Add or remove programs in the
Control Panel folder.
Select the ArrayCalc entry from the list and click the
Remove button. The uninstall routine starts and the software
is removed including all related components.
Macintosh systems:
Double-click ArrayCalc.dmg and drag ArrayCalc to your
applications folder.
To remove ArrayCalc from your system, move ArrayCalc
into the trash bin.
10.2 Starting ArrayCalc
Windows:
ArrayCalc can either be started via the Windows Start
Menu, where it will appear in Programs – dbaudio –
ArrayCalc – ArrayCalc or by double-clicking the ArrayCalc
desktop icon.
Windows automatically links ArrayCalc project files
(*.dbac2) to ArrayCalc. Alternatively, the program can
therefore be started by double-clicking on any ArrayCalc
project file.
Macintosh:
Click ArrayCalc or any ArrayCalc project file.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 15 of 54
10.3 ArrayCalc menu options and Toolbar
The drop-down menus "File", "View", "Sources","Extras" and
"Help" on top of the page provide access to additional
functions of ArrayCalc. Several menu items can also be
accessed directly by clicking the respective button in the
toolbar underneath.
10.3.1 File menu
— New: Creates a new project by loading the default
project. Modifying a simple existing setup is usually
much faster than starting without any data.
— Open / Save / Save as: Loads or saves the project
data including room data, arrays, SUB array design and
alignment settings from/to a file. (file format: *.dbac2).
It is possible to open setup files created with ArrayCalc
version 5.x, however additional data has to be provided
manually. Opening setups from earlier Microsoft Excel
based versions of ArrayCalc is not possible.
Note:
When saving an ArrayCalc project, all relevant
information for the related R1 Remote control
project such as amplifiers, groups and control
elements is generated and saved to the same file.
To operate the simulated ArrayCalc project in R1,
just open the respective *dbac2 file.
— Open recent project: Provides direct access to the
last six projects saved.
— Open example project: Provides direct access to
the example project files included in the installation
package.
— Export DXF: Exports all / the currently selected array
or the SUB array to a *.dxf graphics file. The units used
in the dxf-file are millimeters. However for compatibility
reasons the unit formatting in the dxf-file is omitted, hence
several CAD systems import the data as "unitless".
— Export EASE: Exports the selected array to a file which
can be imported by the d&b Line Array GLL or DLL for
EASE 4.x.
— Export PNG: Only available from the 3D plot page;
exports the 3D plot, the color scale and the underlying
signal selection to a *.png file.
— Print: Print options for several pages of ArrayCalc.
— Print preview: Provides access to a print preview with
several options (depending on the printer selected).
— New instance: Opens another instance of ArrayCalc.
— Exit: Closes ArrayCalc.
10.3.2 View menu
— Toolbar: Allows the toolbar to be switched on/off.
— Status bar: Allows the status bar to be switched
on/off.
10.3.3 Sources menu
When working on the Sources page, the Sources menu
provides the following functions:
— Add array: Adds a new empty array to the project.
The maximum number of arrays is fourteen.
— Auto splay: Provides starting values for the splay
angles of the selected array.
— Add point sources: Adds a new empty point sources
dialog to the project. The maximum number of point
source groups is fourteen. Each group may consist of up
to 14 single point sources. You can also select column
loudspeakers from this dialog by choosing xC-Series
from the system selection.
— Rename: Highlights the name of the selected source
for editing.
— Copy: Creates a copy of the selected source settings in
the internal clipboard.
— Paste: Pastes all source settings copied to the internal
clipboard into the selected source.
— Paste as new: Creates a new source containing all
settings from the internal clipboard.
— Delete: Deletes the selected source from the project
after confirmation.
— Export source: Exports the settings of the selected
source to an ArrayCalc description file (*.dbea for
arrays, *.dbep for groups of point sources, *.dbesa for
SUB arrays).
— Import source: Imports the settings of a source from
an ArrayCalc description file (*.dbea for arrays, *.dbep
for groups of point sources, *.dbesa for SUB arrays) to
the selected source.
10.3.4 Extras / Options menu
— Units: Provides access to the selection of:
the measurement units: metric (m/kg) or imperial (ft/lbs).
the temperature units: degrees centigrade (° C) or
Fahrenheit (° F).
— Web search: Provides access to automatic update
options.
— Graphics: Provides optional color palette for bright
environment.
— R1 project: Defines the start mode of the generated
R1 project.
— Air absorption: Provides access to the environmental
settings (temperature and humidity) which are primarily
relevant to calculate excessive absorption of high
frequencies in air (see also 9.6.10). For quick access to
the global Air absorption settings, an on-off switch is
available in the toolbar at any time. A shortcut to the
Extras/Options/Air absorption settings is provided there
as well to define temperature and humidity values.
10.3.5 Help menu
— F1 Help: Provides access to this document.
— Web search: Searches the web for updates.
— System info: Provides information on the computer
system.
— About: Provides information on the version of
ArrayCalc you are using.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 16 of 54
10.4 ArrayCalc workspace
The workspace is sub-divided into seven pages giving
access to the various data input tables and calculation
results:
Place the mouse pointer onto these cells and turn the mouse
wheel to scroll through the possible selections for the
respective cell.
This is a fast tool to manually set splay angles.
The usual procedure is first to enter the project description
which can be accessed from the first four pages "Venue",
"Sources", Alignment" and "3D plot". Then room data is
provided in the Venue editor which is accessible on the
Venue page (see following section).
On the Sources page, you can add line arrays to the
project and design their profiles and locations depending
on the vertical dispersion requirements for each position. In
addition, or alternatively, you can define and enter a group
of d&b point sources or column loudspeakers. Furthermore
an optional SUB array can be defined and tuned here (see
also section 10.10 SUB arrays on page 32).
If you use more than one source, the Alignment page (see
section 10.11 Alignment page on page 38) helps you to
correctly time align the sources in a next step. This also
includes the SUB array alignment.
In a third step, the 3D plot page enables you to tune and
verify the detailed settings of the horizontal aiming and
relative leveling of the arrays in order to achieve the desired
level distribution.
10.5 Venue page
10.5.2 Project settings
Enter information about the project you are planning. This
data will be displayed in the headline or in the dedicated
Comments sections as well as in the printouts.
10.5.3 Venue editor
10.5.1 General data input
Cells with a gray background accept direct data input.
A single click places the cursor in the cell to edit data.
A double-click additionally highlights the value left of the
decimal point for editing and replacement while a triple
click highlights the entire cell contents for editing and
replacement.
To switch between metric and imperial units, refer to section
10.3 ArrayCalc menu options on page 16.
Cells with a drop-down icon attached offer a predefined
selection of data input available from the drop-down list.
General editing
A listening plane is added to the project by clicking one of
the basic geometric shapes, the quadrangle, the arc
segment or the superelliptic plane.
A quadrangle starts as a square which can be moved,
rotated and modified to any possible shape of a
quadrangle. This is done by either modifying its coordinates
numerically or by grabbing and moving the shape with the
mouse as a whole, or dragging one of its corner points or
its rotation point in one of the diagrams.
An arc segment starts as a symmetrical section of two
concentric circle segments. It can be moved, rotated and
modified to any possible shape of an arc segment by
grabbing and dragging one of its corner points, one of its
center points or its rotation point.
In the Venue editor, an arc segment is displayed in full,
while for level calculations and mappings (3D plot) each
arc is segmented into a suitable number of quadrangles.
TI 385 (6.0 EN) d&b Line array design, ArrayCalc V8.x Page 17 of 54
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