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ZigBit is an ultra-compact, low-power, high-sensitivity 2.4GHz 802.15.4/ZigBee OEM module from MeshNetics,
based on the innovative Atmel’s mixed-signal hardware platform. It is designed for wireless sensing, control and
data acquisition applications. The ZigBit module eliminates the need for costly and time consuming RF
development, and shortens time to market for a wide range of wireless applications.
Two different versions of ZigBit modules are available: ZDM-A1281-B0 module with balanced RF port for
applications where the benefits of PCB or external antenna can be utilized, and ZDM-A1281-A2 module with chip
antenna satisfying the needs of size sensitive applications.
Applications
ZigBit features standards-based networking stack, based on IEEE802.15.4 PHY and MAC layers, and ZigBee
NWK/APS/ZDO layers. It enables multipoint, multihop communications over an area of thousands of square meters
at moderate data rates without expensive infrastructure support. The architecture of the Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSN) allows for use of low powered devices. The applications include, but are not limited to:
• Building automation & monitoring
• Lighting controls
• Wireless smoke and CO detectors
• Structural integrity monitoring
• HVAC monitoring & control
• Inventory management
• Environmental monitoring
• Security
• Water metering
• Industrial monitoring
• Machinery condition and performance monitoring
• Monitoring of plant system parameters such as
temperature, pressure, flow, tank level, humidity,
vibration, etc.
•Automated meter reading (AMR)
Key features
• Ultra compact size (24 x 13.5 mm for
ZDM-A1281-A2 module and 18,8 x 13.5 mm for
ZDM-A1281-B0 module)
•Innovative (patent-pending) balanced chip antenna
design with antenna gain of approximately 0 dBi
(for ZDM-A1281-A2 version)
ZigBit is a low-power, high-sensitivity IEEE802.15.4/
ZigBee OEM module. This multi-functional device
occupies less than a square inch of space, which is
comparable to a typical size of a single chip. Based on a
solid combination of Atmel’s latest AVR Z-Link hardware
platform [1], the ZigBit offers superior radio performance
with exceptional ease of integration.
ZigBit fully satisfies the requirements of the “Directive
2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and the Council
of 27January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain
hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipment” (RoHS). MeshNetics provides fully compliant
product in all regions where the directive is enforced July
1, 2006.
The ZigBit contains Atmel’s ATmega1281V
Microcontroller [1] and AT86RF230 RF Transceiver [2].
The module features 128kb flash memory and 8 kb RAM.
The ZigBit already contains a complete RF/MCU-related
design with all the necessary passive components
included. The module can be easily mounted on a simple
2-layer PCB. Compared to a single-chip, a module-based
solution offers considerable savings in development time
& NRE cost per unit during the design & prototyping
phase. No RF expertise is required.
Innovative (patent-pending) chip antenna design in ZDMA1281-A2 module eliminates the balun and achieves
good performance over ZigBee frequency band.
MeshNetics provides tools for building ready-to-use
applications around the ZigBit module. The Evaluation
Kit and the Development Kit help prototyping and testing
an 802.15.4 or ZigBee networking solution. It includes
the sensor boards with multiple interfaces, an out-of-thebox data acquisition software suite, as well as
accessories and documentation. The sample sensor data
acquisition application allows network monitoring and
data collection, all visualized via graphic interface.
The ZigBit modules come bundled with the eZeeNet
networking firmware. The eZeeNet enables the modulebased OEM products to form self-healing, self-organizing
mesh networks. The eZeeNet stack conforms to
IEEE802.15.4/ ZigBee specifications [3], [4], [5].
Depending on your design requirements, you can use
the ZigBit to operate a sensor node, where it would
function as a single MCU. Or you can pair it to a host
processor, where the module would serve essentially as
a modem.
In the former case, a user application should be bundled
with the eZeeNet software. The eZeeNet’s programming
interface gives users flexibility to manage network and
minimize power consumption.
In the latter case, the host processor can control data
transmission and manage module peripherals via
powerful set of AT commands. This way, a minimum
engineering effort for development of customer’s devices
is required. Additionally, the sensors can be connected
directly to the module, thus expanding the existing set of sensor interfaces. The over-the-air control via ATcommands makes debugging and network testing easier. It also enables wireless module configuration during OEM
mass-production process and provides flexible commissioning protocol for installation and maintenance of ZigBitbased devices.
The eZeeNet is compact private profile software from MeshNetics that is specifically tailored for data acquisition
applications. It allows optimizing the network traffic, reducing power consumption, scheduling, and smart power
management. The eZeeNet software comes with a set of drivers for standard peripherals (I
2
C, GPIO, ADC, etc.) that
ensure the ZigBit module easy integration.
Specifications
Test Conditions (unless otherwise stated): Vcc= 3 V, f=2.45 GHz, T
Module Operating Conditions
Parameters RangeUnitCondition
Supply Voltage (V
1.8 to 3.6V
cc
Current Consumption: RX mode 19m
Current Consumption: TX mode 18m
Current Consumption: Radio is turned off,
14 mA see Note
MCU is active for 50% of the time.
Current Consumption: Power Save mode 6
Note: Parameters specified above are measured under the following conditions:
• eZeeNet software is running at 4 MHz clock rate, DTR line management is turned off
• all interfaces are set to the default state (see Pin Assignment Table)
• output TX power is 0 dBm
• JTAG is not connected
• V
= 3.0 V
cc
•actual current consumption depends on multiple factors, including but not limited to the board
design and materials, extra MCU load by user application, peripherals usage, EEPROM
reading/writing, eZeeNet settings, network activity and so on.
= 25 °C
amb
µA
see Note
see Note
see Note
RF Characteristics
Parameters RangeUnitCondition
Frequency Band 2.400 to 2.4835GHz
Number of Channels 16
Channel Spacing 5MHz
Transmitter Output Power -17 to +3 dBm Adjusted in 16
UART Maximum Baud Rate 38.4kb/s
ADC Resolution / Conversion Time 10 / 200
ADC Input Resistance100MOhm
ADC Reference Voltage (Vref) 1.0 to Vcc-0.3V
ADC Input Voltage
I2C Maximum Clock 222kHz
GPIO Output Voltage (High/Low) 2.3 / 0.5V
Real Time Oscillator Frequency 32.768 kHz
0 ÷ Vref
Bits / µs
V
In the single
conversion mode
-10 / 5 mA)
Absolute Maximum Ratings***
Parameter Min Value Max Value
Voltage of any Pin except RESET with respect to -0.5 VVcc + 0.5 V
Voltage on RESET with respect to Ground-0.5 V+13.0 V
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current D_VCC and DGND Pins 200 mA
Input RF Level +10 dBm
***Absolute Maximum Ratings are the values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Under no
circumstances must the absolute maximum ratings given in the following table be violated. Stresses beyond those
listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions, beyond those
indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
****Caution! ESD-sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent
permanent damage.
11 I2C_CLK I2C serial clock output O tri-statePD0 1, 2, 3, 6
12 I2C_DATA I2C serial data input/output I/O tri-statePD1
General purpose digital input/output
0
General purpose digital input/output
1
General purpose digital input/output
2
RF clock output. When module is in
active state, 4 MHz signal is present
on this line. While module is in the
sleeping state, clock generation is
stopped also.
1. *Most of pins can be configured for general purpose I/O or for some alternative functions as described in
details in the ATmega1281V Datasheet [1].
2. GPIO pins can be programmed either for output, or input with/without pull-up resistors. Output pin drivers
are strong enough to drive LED displays directly (refer to figures on pages 387-388, [1]).
3. All digital pins are provided with protection diodes to D_VCC and DGND
4. It is strongly recommended to avoid assigning an alternative function for OSC32K_OUT pin because it is
used by eZeeNet Framework. However, this signal can be used if another peripheral or host processor
requires 32.768 kHz clock, otherwise this pin can be disconnected.
5. Normally, JTAG_TMS, JTAG_TDI, JTAG_TDO, JTAG_TCK pins are used for on-chip debugging and flash
burning. They can be used for A/D conversion if JTAGEN fuse is disabled.
6. eZeeNet software can configure as general-purpose I/O lines the following pins: GPIO0, GPIO1, GPIO2,
GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5, GPIO6, GPIO7, GPIO8, GPIO9, I2C_CLK, I2C_DATA, UART_TXD, UART_RXD,
UART_RTS, UART_CTS, ADC_INPUT_3, ADC_INPUT_2, ADC_INPUT_1, BAT, UART_DTR,
USART0_RXD, USART0_TXD, USART0_EXTCLK, IRQ_7, IRQ_6. Additionally, four JTAG lines could be
DTR input (Data Terminal Ready)
for UART. Active low.
UART/SPI external clock I tri-statePE2
General purpose digital input/output
programmed with software as GPIO as well, but this requires changing the fuse bits and will disable JTAG
debugging.
7. CTS pin can be configured by eZeeNet to indicate sleep/active condition of the module thus providing
mechanism for power management of host processor. If such functionality is needed, it is recommended to
connect external pull-down resistor to this pin to prevent undesirable transients during module reset
process.
8. It is recommended to use ferrite bead and 1 µF capacitor located closely to the power supply pin, as shown
below.
1,8...3,6 V
D_VCC
DGND
9. Pins 44 through 48 are not present on the module with chip antennas
The above diagrams show the recommended PCB layout for ZigBit module. No via-holes and no wires are allowed
on the PCB upper layer in the area occupied by the module. As a critical requirement, RF_GND pins should be
grounded via several holes located very close to pins thus minimizing inductance and preventing mismatch and
losses.
The following reference antenna design shows an example that can serve as a basis for further optimization.
The symmetric dipole antenna shown below has been tuned for a particular case, so the cut-and-paste approach
would not necessarily ensure an optimum performance because of multiple factors affecting the antenna matching
and pattern (for instance, the board material and thickness, shields, the material of enclosure, the board
neighborhood, other components located next to antenna and so on). As a general recommendation, metal
enclosures or setting high profile components closely to antenna should be avoided. Using low profile enclosures
can, furthermore, cause antenna tuning. The holes shown located around the board eliminate the undesirable
antenna pattern distortions which might be induced by radiation from the board edges. The ZigBit module should not
be placed next to components causing undesirable interference in its operating frequency band or adjacent bands,
such as GSM, CDMA, WiFi, and Bluetooth.
PCB Layout: Symmetric Dipole Antenna to ZDM-A1281-B0
Top side
4,0
2,6
1,4
3
,
3
5
,
6
4,0
1,9
3,0
0
,
3
0,7
9,2
2,0
ZigBit
Module
Bottom side
54,0
9,2
1.8
1,2
2
,
1
23,0
26,0
1,2
3
,
3
8
.
1
2 through holes O3,0
Metallized through holes O0.3~0.4
Recommended step 1 mm
Components area
No metallization, wires,
through holes allowed
Metallization
2
ZigBit
Module
60,0
,
1
Material: FR-4. thick n ess 1.6 mm
Metallization: 35 um
Coating: HASL, solder mask
Normally chip antennas are more tolerant of board and enclosure materials, and ZigBit module neighborhood;
however, general recommendations for board design for the PCB antenna version still apply.
The board should be designed such that it prevents propagation of microwave field inside the board material itself.
High frequency electromagnetic field may penetrate the board and radiate from the edges of the board causing
undesirable pattern distortions. To eliminate this effect, it is often enough to surround the board with metallized
holes connected to module ground.
Since the module with chip antenna is tuned for installation on FR-4 board with thickness 1.6 mm, the performance
is guaranteed only if the board is designed according to the diagram below. Deviations from this design may change
the performance.
PCB Layout: 50 Ohm External Antenna to ZDM-A128 1-B0
Top side
Connector Murata
MM3325-2507
0,7
2,0
Bottom side
In case an external antenna or a 50 Ohm unbalanced antenna is required, they can be easily interfaced to ZigBit
module ZDM-A1281-B0 by using 2:1 balun as shown above. This sample demonstrates how to use low-profile
Murata connector. It can be simply replaced with 50 Ohm microstrip line as shown in TDK’s HHM1711D1 Balun
Datasheet [6].
Metallized through holes O0.3~0.4
Recommended step 1 mm
Components area
No metallization, wires,
through holes allowed
Metallization
Material: FR-4. thickness 1.6 m m
Metallization: 35 um
Coating: HASL, solder mask
Detailed dimensions: see datasheets for
MM3325, HHM1711D1
• Easy-to-use Evaluation and Development Kits are available.
• Source code samples and RF reference designs are available to qualified customers.
• MeshNetics runs the ZigBit Priority Support Program to facilitate faster delivery of ZigBit-based applications
to the market. The qualified customers enjoy priority samples policy, direct access to MeshNetics RF
experts, 802.15.4 MAC-, eZeeNet stack- and Gateways- development teams, dedicated FAE for application
consulting and other technical resources to accelerate the development of ZigBit-based products and
applications. To qualify for the Program, please contact us at zigbit@meshnetics.com
You can contact MeshNetics for additional modules, the Evaluation Kit or the Developer’s Kit to build your cust om
network. Please e-mail us at zigbit@meshnetics.com
Please specify the product part number and description when ordering.
Part Number Description
ZDM-A1281-B0 2.4 GHz IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee OEM Module w/ Balanced RF Port
ZDM-A1281-A2 2.4 GHz IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee OEM Module with chip antennas
, or visit us online at www.meshnetics.com/contacts.
[2] Atmel Low-Power Transceiver for ZigBee Applications. AT86RF230 Target Specification.
5131A-ZIGB-08/15/05
[3] IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 IEEE Standard for Information technology – Part 15.4 Wireless Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks
(LR-WPANs)
[4] ZigBee Specification. ZigBee Document 053474r06, Version 1.0
[5] eZeeNet™ IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee Software. Product Datasheet. MeshNetics Doc. M-251~02
[6] Multilayer Baluns, HHM Series. HHM1710D1 For Bluetooth & IEEE802.11b/g,
www.tdk.co.jp/tefe02/e8balun_hhm.pdf
Disclaimer
MeshNetics believes that all information is correct and accurate at the time of issue. MeshNetics reserves the right
to make changes to this product without prior notice. Please visit MeshNetics website for the latest available version.
MeshNetics does not assume any responsibility for the use of the described product or convey any license under its
patent rights.
T rademarks
MeshNetics®, ZigBit, eZeeNet, ZigBeeNet, SensiLink, LuxLabs, Luxoft Labs, and MeshNetics, Luxoft Labs and
ZigBit logos are trademarks of LuxLabs Ltd.
All other product names, trade names, trademarks, logos or service names are the property of their respective
owners.