Page 1
Low Noise, Low Power, 32 Taps
X9316
2
E
POT™ Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer
FEATURES
• Low Micropower CMOS
—V
= 3V to 5.5V
CC
—Active Current, 50 µ A (Increment) Max
—Standby Current, 400 µ A (Store) Max
• Low Noise
• 31 Resistive Elements
—Temperature Compensated
— ± 20% End to End Resistance Range
—–5V to +5V
• 32 Wiper T ap Points
—Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface
—Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter
—Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile
Memory and Recalled on Power-Up
• 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention
• X9316Z = 1K Ω
• X9316W = 10K Ω
• Packages
—14-Lead PDIP
—14-Lead SOIC
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
The Xicor X9316 is a solid state “micropower” nonvolatile
potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled resistance trimming in battery-powered systems.
The X9316 is a resistor array composed of 31 resistive
elements. Between each element and at either end are
tap points accessible to the wiper element. The position
of the wiper element is controlled by the CS
, U/D, and
INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in
nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation.
The resolution of the X9316 is equal to the maximum
resistance value divided by 31. As an example, for the
X9316W (10KΩ) each tap point represents 323Ω.
All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested
for applications requiring extended endurance and data
retention.
U/D
INC
CS
V
CC
V
SS
+
V
V–
E2POT™ is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.
Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995, 1996 Patents Pending
7000-1.5 7/16/97 T6/C0/D6 SH
UP/DOWN
COUNTER
NONVOLATILE
MEMORY
STORE AND
RECALL
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
5-BIT
5-BIT
ONE
OF
THIRTY -
TWO
WIPER
POSITION
DECODER
CMOS SWITCH
RESISTOR
ARRAY
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
V
H
V
L
V
W
7000 FRM F01
Page 2
X9316
14-LEAD DIP/SOIC
NC
V
CC
CS
V
L
V
W
V+
NC
7000 FRM 02
NC
INC
U/D
V
H
V
SS
V
–
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
X9316
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
V
and V
H
The high (V
L
) and low (V
H
) terminals of the X9316 are
L
equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is V
V
. It should be noted that the terminology of V
+
and the maximum is
–
and V
L
references the relative position of the terminal in relation
to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D
input
and not the voltage potential on the terminal.
V
W
V
is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable termi-
W
nal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the
wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs.
The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 100 Ω .
Up/Down (U/D
)
The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented.
Increment (INC)
The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC
will move the wiper and either increment or decrement
the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on
the U/D input.
Chip Select (CS)
The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The
current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory
when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also
HIGH. After the store operation is complete, the X9316
will be placed in the low power standby mode until the
device is selected once again.
PIN CONFIGURATION
H
PIN NAMES
Symbol Description
V
V
W
V
V
SS
V
CC
U/D
INC
CS
V
V
H
L
+
–
High Terminal
Wiper Terminal
Low Terminal
Ground
Supply Voltage
Up/Down Input
Increment Input
Chip Select Input
Positive Analog Voltage
Negative Analog Voltage
7000 FRM T01.1
, V
(Analog positive/negative power supply)
V
+
–
The V
and V
+
pins supply an external voltage to the
–
wiper position decoder.
2
Page 3
X9316
WAVEFORM INPUTS OUTPUTS
Must be
steady
Will be
steady
May change
from Low to
High
Will change
from Low to
High
May change
from High to
Low
Will change
from High to
Low
Don’t Care:
Changes
Allowed
Changing:
State Not
Known
N/A Center Line
is High
Impedance
DEVICE OPERATION
There are three sections of the X9316: the input control,
counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory;
and the resistor array. The input control section operates
just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is
decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting
a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under
the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be
stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use.
The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors
connected in series. At either end of the array and
between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper .
The INC
, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the
wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the
X9316 is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D
and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will
increment or decrement (depending on the state of the
U/D input) a seven bit counter. The output of this counter
is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions
along the resistive array.
The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its
mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the
last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around
when clocked to either e xtreme.
The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory
whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is
also HIGH.
Operation Notes
The system may select the X9316, move the wiper and
deselect the device without having to store the latest
wiper position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new
position is reached, the system would the keep INC
LOW
while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be
maintained until changed by the system or until a powerup/down cycle recalled the previously stored data.
This would allow the system to alwa ys power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The
adjustments might be based on user preference, system
parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc...
The state of U/D
may be changed while CS remains
LOW. This allows the host system to enable the X9316
and then move the wiper up and down until the proper
trim is attained.
T
/R
IW
TOTAL
The electronic switches on the X9316 operate in a “mak e
before break” mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved sever al positions multiple taps
are connected to the wiper for t
The R
value for the device can temporarily be
TOTAL
IW
(INC
to V
change).
W
reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved
several positions .
SYMBOL TABLE
When the X9316 is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory.
When power is restored, the contents of the memory are
recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored.
3
Page 4
X9316
7000 FRM F04
FORCE
CURRENT
V
L
V
W
V
H
TEST POINT
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Temperature under Bias...................–65 ° C to +135 ° C
Storage Temperature........................–65 ° C to +150 ° C
Voltage on CS
, INC, U/D and V
CC
with Respect to VSS............................–1V to +7V
Voltage on VH and VL Referenced to V
∆
V = |VH–VL|
SS
X9316Z..............................................................4V
X9316W...........................................................10V
Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds) .......300°C
Wiper Current..................................................... ±1mA
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics
End-to-End Resistance Tolerance .................... ±20%
Power Rating at 25°C
X9316Z........................................................16mW
X9316W.......................................................10mW
Wiper Current ........................................... ±1mA Max.
Typical Wiper Resistance ......................100Ω at 1mA
Typical Noise ............................ < –140dB√Hz Ref: 1V
Resolution
Resistance .............................................................3%
Linearity
Absolute Linearity
Relative Linearity
(1)
.................................... ± 1.0 Ml
(3)
.................................... ± 0.2 Ml
(2)
(2)
*COMMENT
Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those
listed in the operational sections of this specification is
not implied. Exposure to absolute maxim um rating conditions for extended periods ma y affect de vice reliability.
Temperature Coefficient
(–40 ° C to +85 ° C)........................+300 ppm/ ° C Typical
Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............ ± 20 ppm
Wiper Adjustability
Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation)
Wiper Position Store Operations.............. 100,000
Physical Characteristics
Marking Includes
Manufacturer’s Trademark
Resistance Value or Code
Date Code
Test Circuit #1 Test Circuit #2
V
H
TEST POINT
V
W
V
L
7000 FRM 03
Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage
= (V
(actual) – V
w(n)
(2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = R
(3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V
(expected)) = ± 1 Ml Maximum.
w(n)
TOT
/31.
4
W(n+1)
– [V
w(n)
+ Ml] = +0.2 Ml.
Page 5
X9316
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
°
Temperature Min. Max.
Commercial 0 ° C +70 ° C
Industrial –40
C +85 ° C
7000 FRM T02
Supply Voltage Limits
X9316 5V ± 10%
7000 FRM T03.1
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)
Limits
Symbol Parameter
I
I
I
I
I
CC
SB
V+
V–
LI
(5)
(5)
V
Active Current (Increment) 50 µA CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and
CC
V
Active Current (Store) 400 µA
CC
Standby Supply Current 1 µA CS = VCC – 0.3V, U/D and
V+ Supply Current
V– Supply Current
CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage
(4)
Max.
Units Test ConditionsMin. Typ.
400 µA CS
400 µA CS
±10 µA VIN = V
= 0.4V/2.4V @ max. t
INC
= VSS or VCC – 0.3V
INC
= VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and
= 0.4V/2.4V @ max. t
INC
= VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and
= 0.4V/2.4V @ max. t
INC
to V
SS
CC
CYC
CYC
CYC
Current
V
IH
CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH
2 VCC + 1 V
Voltage
V
IL
CS, INC, U/D Input LOW
–1 0.8 V
Voltage
R
W
V
VH
V
VL
V+ Analog Positive Power Supply V
V– Analog Negative Power
Wiper Resistence 100 200 Ω Max. Wiper Current ±1mA
VH Terminal Voltage V
VL Terminal Voltage V
–V
–
–
CC
CC
V
+
V
+
V
CC
0 V
V
V
V
Supply
(5)
C
IN
CS, INC, U/D Input
10 pF VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25°C
Capacitance
7000 FRM T04.1
STANDARD PARTS
Part Number Maximum Resistance Wiper Increments Minimum Resistance
X9316Z 1KΩ 32.3Ω 100Ω
X9316W 10KΩ 323Ω 100Ω
Notes: (4) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.
(5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
5
7000 FRM T05
Page 6
X9316
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input Pulse Levels 0V to 3V
Input Rise and Fall Times 10ns
Input Reference Levels 1.5V
7000 FRM T06
MODE SELECTION
CS INC U/D Mode
L H Wiper Up
L L Wiper Down
H X Store Wiper Position
H X X Standby
L X No Store, Return to Standby
7000 FRM T07
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified)
Limits
Symbol Parameter
t
Cl
t
lD
t
DI
t
lL
t
lH
t
lC
t
CPH1
t
CPH2
t
IW
t
CYC
t
t
,
R
(7)
t
PU
t
R VCC
t
WR
(7)
F
(7)
CS to INC Setup 100 ns
INC HIGH to U/D Change 100 ns
U/D to INC Setup 2.9 µs
INC LOW Period 1 µs
INC HIGH Period 1 µs
INC Inactive to CS Inactive 1 µs
CS Deselect Time (STORE) 10 ms
CS Deselect Time (NO STORE) 100 ns
INC to Vw Change 1 5 µs
INC Cycle Time 4 µs
CS, INC Input Rise and Fall Time 500 µs
Power up to Wiper Stable 5 µs
VCC Power-up Rate 0.2 50 mV/µs
Store Cycle 5 10 ms
(6)
Max.
UnitsMin. Typ.
7000 FRM T08.1
A.C. Timing
CS
t
CYC
t
CI
INC
U/D
t
IW
V
W
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.
(7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
(8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
t
IL
t
ID
t
IH
t
IC
t
DI
MI
6
(8)
t
CPH
t
F
90% 90%
10%
t
R
7000 FRM F03
Page 7
X9316
TYPICAL NOISE
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
Noise (dB)
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Frequency (KHz)
TYPICAL RTOTAL vs. TEMPERATURE
10000
9800
9600
9400
9200
9000
Rtotal
8800
8600
8400
8200
8000
-55
-45
-35 -25 -15 -5 5
15 25
35 45
Temperature
55 65 75
85 95 105 115 125
C°
7
Page 8
X9316
TYPICAL TOTAL RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
0
-50
-100
-150
PPM
-200
-250
-300
-350
-45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-55
TYPICAL WIPER RESISTANCE
800
700
600
500
400
Rw (Ohms)
300
200
45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 °C
Temperature
100
0
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Tap
8
Page 9
X9316
TYPICAL ABSOLUTE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
-10.0%
Absolute % Error
-20.0%
-30.0%
-40.0%
0 3 6 9 12 15
TYPICAL RELATIVE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
-5.0%
Relative % Error
-10.0%
-15.0%
18 21 24 27 30
Tap
-20.0%
0 3 6 9 12 15
Tap
9
18 21 24 27 30
Page 10
X9316
PACKAGING INFORMATION
PIN 1 INDEX
14-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P
0.720 (18.29)
0.640 (16.26)
0.260 (6.60)
0.240 (6.10)
PIN 1
0.600 (15.24)
REF.
0.060 (1.52)
0.050 (1.27)
HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON
ALL END PINS OPTIONAL
SEATING
PLANE
0.150 (3.81)
0.125 (3.18)
0.110 (2.79)
0.090 (2.29)
0.015 (0.38)
MAX.
TYP. 0.010 (0.25)
NOTE:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
0.145 (3.68)
0.128 (0.51)
0.025 (0.64)
0.015 (0.38)
0.065 (1.65)
0.045 (1.14)
0.020 (0.51)
0.016 (0.41)
0.325 (8.26)
0.300 (7.62)
0°
15°
10
3926 FHD F46
Page 11
X9316
PACKAGING INFORMATION
14-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULLWING PACKAGETYPE S
PIN 1 INDEX
(4X) 7°
0.050 (1.27)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35)
0.020 (0.51)
0.010 (0.25)
0.020 (0.50)
0.336 (8.55)
0.345 (8.75)
X 45°
0.150 (3.80)
0.158 (4.00)
0.004 (0.10)
0.010 (0.25)
0.228 (5.80)
0.244 (6.20)
0.053 (1.35)
0.069 (1.75)
0.050"Typical
0° – 8°
0.0075 (0.19)
0.010 (0.25)
0.016 (0.410)
0.037 (0.937)
0.250"
FOOTPRINT
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
11
0.050"Typical
0.030"Typical
14 Places
7000 FRM 05
Page 12
X9316
ORDERING INFORMATION
X9316X X X
X
VCC Range
Blank = 4.5V to 5.5V
3 = 3V to 5.5V
Temperature Range
Blank = Commercial = 0°C to +70°C
I = Industrial = –40°C to +85°C
M = Military = –55°C to +125°C
Package
P = 14-Lead Plastic DIP
S = 14-Lead SOIC
End to End Resistance
Z = 1KΩ
W = 10KΩ
LIMITED WARRANTY
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc.
makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the
described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor , Inc. reserves the
right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice.
Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents,
licenses are implied.
U.S. PATENTS
Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481;
4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967;
4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending.
LIFE RELA TED POLICY
In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with
appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prev ent such an occurence.
Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems.
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain
life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably
expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its saf ety or effectiveness.
12
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