The W78C33 microcontroller supplies a wider frequency range than most 8-bit microcontrollers on
the market. It is functional compatible with the industry standard 80C32 microcontroller series except
the one extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port (Port 4) and two additional external interrupts (
INT3 ).
The W78C33 contains four 8-bit bidirectional parallel ports, three 16-bit timer/counters, and a serial
port. These peripherals are supported by a six-source, two-level interrupt capability. There are 256
bytes of RAM, and the device supports ROMless operation for application programs.
The W78C33 microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode,
both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but allows for
continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal oscillator for minimum power
consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time and in any state without affecting the
processor.
W78C33
,
FEATURES
• 8-bit CMOS microcontroller
• Fully static design
• Low standby current at full supply voltage
• DC-40 MHz operation
• 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM
• ROMless operation
• 64K bytes program memory address space
• 64K bytes data memory address space
• Four 8-bit bidirectional ports
• Three 16-bit timer/counters
• One full duplex serial port
• Boolean processor
• Eight-source, two-level interrupt capability
• Built-in power management
• One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port
• Two additional external interrupts
• Packages:
− PLCC 44: W78C33P-16/24/40
− QFP 44: W78C33F-16/24/40
− TQFP 44: W78C33M-16/24/40
/ INT3
Publication Release Date: October 1997
- 1 -Revision A1
Page 2
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
44-Pin PLCC (W78C33P)
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
RXD, P3.0
INT2, P4.3
TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3
T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5
P
P
1
1
.
.
3
4
6 5 4 3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
P
P
3
3
.
.
7
6
,
,
/
/
R
W
D
R
T
2
E
X
,
P
P
1
1
.
.
2
1
X
X
T
T
A
A
L
L
1
2
/
I
A
N
T
D
T
2
0
3
,
,
,
P
P
P
1
V
0
4
.
C
.
.
0
C
0
2
2 1 44 43 42
V
P
P
P
S
2
2
4
S
.
.
.
1
0
0
,
,
A
A
9
8
W78C33
A
A
A
D
D
D
3
2
1
,
,
,
P
P
P
0
0
0
.
.
.
3
1
2
40
41
39
P0.4, AD4
38
P0.5, AD5
37
P0.6, AD6
36
P0.7, AD7
35
EA
34
P4.1
33
ALE
32
PSEN
31
P2.7, A15
30
P2.6, A14
29
P2.5, A13
2827262524232221201918
P
P
P
2
2
2
.
.
.
4
3
2
,
,
,
A
A
A
1
1
1
1
2
0
44-Pin QFP/TQFP (W78C33F/W78C33M)
1
P1.5
2
P1.6
P1.7
RST
RXD, P3.0
INT2, P4.3
TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3
T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
- 2 -
3
4
11
P
1
.
4
44
12
P
3
.
6
,
/
W
R
P
P
1
1
.
.
2
3
43 4241
X
P
T
3
A
.
L
7
2
,
/
R
D
/
T
I
2
N
T
E
T
2
X
3
,
,
,
P
P
P
1
1
V
4
.
.
C
.
0
1
C
2
403938 37 36 35
X
V
P
P
T
S
2
4
A
S
.
.
L
0
0
1
,
A
8
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
3
2
1
0
,
,
,
,
P
P
P
P
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
.
3
2
1
0
34
33
P0.4, AD4
32
P0.5, AD5
31
P0.6, AD6
30
P0.7, AD7
29
EA
28
P4.1
27
ALE
26
PSEN
25
P2.7, A15
24
P2.6, A14
23
P2.5, A13
22212019181716151413
P
P
P
P
2
2
2
2
.
.
.
.
4
3
2
1
,
,
,
,
A
A
A
A
1
1
9
1
1
2
0
Page 3
W78C33
INT0
INT1
WR
RD
INT2
PIN DESCRIPTION
P0.0−P0.7
Port 0, Bits 0 through 7. Port 0 is a bidirectional I/O port. This port also provides a multiplexed low
order address/data bus during accesses to external memory.
P1.0−P1.7
Port 1, Bits 0 through 7. Port 1 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Pins P1.0 and P1.1
also serve as T2 (Timer 2 external input) and T2EX (Timer 2 capture/reload trigger), respectively.
P2.0−P2.7
Port 2, Bits 0 through 7. Port 2 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. This port also provides
the upper address bits for accesses to external memory.
P3.0−P3.7
Port 3, Bits 0 through 7. Port 3 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. All bits have alternate
functions, which are described below:
PINALTERNATE FUNCTION
P3.0RXD Serial Receive Data
P3.1TXD Serial Transmit Data
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4T0 Timer 0 Input
P3.5T1 Timer 1 Input
P3.6
P3.7
External Interrupt 0
External Interrupt 1
Data Write Strobe
Data Read Strobe
P4.0−P4.3
Another bit-addressable bidirectional I/O port P4. P4.3 and P4.2 are alternative function pins. It can
be used as general I/O pins or external interrupt input sources (
/ INT3 ).
EA
External Address Input, active low. This pin forces the processor to execute out of external ROM.
This pin should be kept low for all W78C33 operations.
RST
Reset Input, active high. This pin resets the processor. It must be kept high for at least two machine
cycles in order to be recognized by the processor.
Publication Release Date: October 1997
- 3 -Revision A1
Page 4
W78C33
PSEN
PSEN
ALE
Address Latch Enable Output, active high. ALE is used to enable the address latch that separates the
address from the data on Port 0. ALE runs at 1/6th of the oscillator frequency. A single ALE pulse is
skipped during external data memory accesses. ALE goes to a high state during reset with a weak
pull-up.
PSEN
Program Store Enable Output, active low.
address/data bus during fetch and MOVC operations.
weak pull-up.
XTAL1
Crystal 1. This is the crystal oscillator input. This pin may be driven by an external clock.
XTAL2
Crystal 2. This is the crystal oscillator output. It is the inversion of XTAL1.
VSS, VCC
Power Supplies. These are the chip ground and positive supplies.
enables the external ROM onto the Port 0
goes to a high state during reset with a
- 4 -
Page 5
BLOCK DIAGRAM
W78C33
P1.0
~
P1.7
P3.0
~
P3.7
P4.0
~
P4.3
INT2
INT3
Port
1
Port
Port
Port 1
Latch
ACC
Interrupt
Timer
2
Timer
0
Timer
1
UART
3
4
Port 3
Latch
Port 4
Latch
XTAL1PSENALEGNDVCCRSTXTAL2
Oscillator
PSW
Instruction
Decoder
&
Sequencer
Bus & Clock
Controller
ALU
T2T1
SFR RAM
Address
256 bytes
RAM & SFR
Reset Block
B
Stack
Pointer
Power control
Port 0
Latch
DPTR
Temp Reg.
PC
Incrementor
Addr. Reg.
Port 2
Latch
Port
0
Port
2
P0.0
~
P0.7
P2.0
~
P2.7
Publication Release Date: October 1997
- 5 -Revision A1
Page 6
W78C33
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The W78C33 architecture consists of a core controller surrounded by various registers, four general
purpose I/O ports, 256 bytes of RAM, three timer/counters, and a serial port. The processor supports
111 different instruction and references both a 64K program address space and a 64K data storage
space.
Timers 0, 1, and 2
Timers 0, 1, and 2 each consist of two 8-bit data registers. These are called TL0 and TH0 for Timer 0,
TL1 and TH1 for Timer 1, and TL2 and TH2 for Timer 2. The TCON and TMOD registers provide
control functions for timers 0, 1. The T2CON register provides control functions for Timer 2. RCAP2H
and RCAP2L are used as reload/capture registers for Timer 2.
The operations of Timer 0 and Timer 1 are the same as in the W78C31. Timer 2 is a special feature
of theW78C33: it is a 16-bit timer/counter that is configured and controlled by the T2CON register.
Like Timers 0 and 1, Timer 2 can operate as either an external event counter or as an internal timer,
depending on the setting of bit C/T2 in T2CON. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, autoreload, and baud rate generator. The clock speed at capture or auto-reload mode is the same as that
of Timers 0 and 1.
Clock
The W78C33 is designed to be used with either a crystal oscillator or an external clock. Internally, the
clock is divided by two before it is used. This makes the W78C33 relatively insensitive to duty cycle
variations in the clock.
Crystal Oscillator
The W78C33 incorporates a built-in crystal oscillator. To make the oscillator work, a crystal must be
connected across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2. In addition, a load capacitor must be connected from each
pin to ground, and a resistor must also be connected from XTAL1 to XTAL2 to provide a DC bias
when the crystal frequency is above 24 MHz.
External Clock
An external clock should be connected to pin XTAL1. Pin XTAL2 should be left unconnected. The
XTAL1 input is a CMOS-type input, as required by the crystal oscillator. As a result, the external clock
signal should have an input one level of greater than 3.5 volts.
Power Management
Idle Mode
The idle mode is entered by setting the IDL bit in the PCON register. In the idle mode, the internal
clock to the processor is stopped. The peripherals and the interrupt logic continue to be clocked. The
processor will exit idle mode when either an interrupt or a reset occurs.
Power-down Mode
When the PD bit of the PCON register is set, the processor enters the power-down mode. In this
mode all of the clocks, including the oscillator are stopped. The only way to exit power-down mode is
by a reset.
- 6 -
Page 7
W78C33
INT2
INT2
Reset
The external RESET signal is sampled at S5P2. To take effect, it must be held high for at least two
machine cycles while the oscillator is running.
An internal trigger circuit in the reset line is used to deglitch the reset line when the W78C33 is used
with an external RC network. The reset logic also has a special glitch removal circuit that ignores
glitches on the reset line.
During reset, the ports are initialized to FFH, the stack pointer to 07H, PCON (with the exception of
bit 4) to 00H, and all of the other SFR registers except SBUF to 00H. SBUF is not reset.
New Defined Peripheral
In order to be more suitable for I/O, an extra 4-bit bit-addressable port P4 and two external interrupt
, INT3 has been added to either the PLCC or QFP 44 pin package. And description follows:
1. INT2/ INT3
Two additional external interrupts,
interrupt 0 and 1 in the standard 80C52. The functions/status of these interrupts are
determined/shown by the bits in the XICON (External Interrupt Control) register. The XICON register
is bit-addressable but is not a standard register in the standard 80C52. Its address is at 0C0H. To
set/clear bits in the XICON register, one can use the "SETB (/CLR) bit" instruction. For example,
"SETB 0C2H" sets the EX2 bit of XICON.
***XICON - external interrupt control (C0H)
PX3EX3IE3IT3PX2EX2IE2IT2
PX3: External interrupt 3 priority high if set
EX3: External interrupt 3 enable if set
IE3: If IT3 = 1, IE3 is set/cleared automatically by hardware when interrupt is detected/serviced
IT3: External interrupt 3 is falling-edge/low-level triggered when this bit is set/cleared by software
PX2: External interrupt 2 priority high if set
EX2: External interrupt 2 enable if set
IE2: If IT2 = 1, IE2 is set/cleared automatically by hardware when interrupt is detected/serviced
IT2: External interrupt 2 is falling-edge/low-level triggered when this bit is set/cleared by software
and INT3 , whose functions are similar to those of external
POLLING
SEQUENCE WITHIN
PRIORITY LEVEL
ENABLE
REQUIRED
SETTINGS
INTERRUPT
TYPE
EDGE/LEVEL
Publication Release Date: October 1997
- 7 -Revision A1
Page 8
Eight-source interrupt informations, continued
INT2
W78C33
INTERRUPT
SOURCE
Serial Port23H4IE.4Timer/Counter 22BH5IE.5External Interrupt 233H6XICON.2XICON.0
External Interrupt 33BH7 (lowest)XICON.6XICON.3
2. PORT4
Another bit-addressable port P4 is also available and only 4 bits (P4<3:0>) can be used. This port
address is located at 0D8H with the same function as that of port P1, except the P4.3 and P4.2 are
alternative function pins. It can be used as general I/O pins or external interrupt input sources (
INT3 ).
Example: P4REG0D8H
MOVP4, #0AH ; Output data "A" through P4.0−P4.3.
MOVA, P4; Read P4 status to Accumulator.
SETBP4.0; Set bit P4.0
CLRP4.1; Clear bit P4.1
VECTOR
ADDRESS
POLLING
SEQUENCE WITHIN
PRIORITY LEVEL
ENABLE
REQUIRED
SETTINGS
INTERRUPT
TYPE
EDGE/LEVEL
/
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETERSYMBOLMIN.MAX.UNIT
DC Power SupplyVCC−VSS-0.3+7.0V
Input VoltageVINVSS -0.3VCC +0.3V
Operating TemperatureTA070
Storage TemperatureTST-55+150
Note: Exposure to conditions beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may adversely affect the life and reliability of
the device.
P0, P1, P2, P3, P4,
Input High Voltage
RST
Input High Voltage
XTAL1 [*4]
Output Low Voltage
P1, P2, P3, P4
VIH23.5VDD +0.2VVDD = 5.5V
VIH33.5VDD +0.2VVDD = 5.5V
VOL1-0.45VVDD = 4.5V
IOL = +2 mA
Publication Release Date: October 1997
- 9 -Revision A1
Page 10
DC Characteristics, continued
PARAMETERSYM. SPECIFICATIONUNITTEST CONDITIONS
Output Low Voltage
P0, ALE, PSEN [*3]
W78C33
MIN.MAX.
VOL2-0.45VVDD = 4.5V
IOL = +4mA
Sink Current
P1, P2, P3, P4
Sink Current
P0, ALE, PSEN
Output High Voltage
P1, P2, P3, P4
Output High Voltage
P0, ALE, PSEN [*3]
Source Current
P1, P2, P3, P4
Source Current
P0, ALE, PSEN
Notes:
*1. RST pin is a Schmitt trigger input. RST has internal pull-low resistors of about 30 KΩ.
*3. P0, ALE and /PSEN are tested in the external access mode.
*4. XTAL1 is a CMOS input.
*5. Pins of P1, P2, P3, P4 can source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. The transition
current reaches its maximum value when VIN approximates to 2V.
ISK148mAVDD = 4.5V
Vs = 0.45V
ISK21014mAVDD = 4.5V
Vs = 0.45V
VOH12.4-VVDD = 4.5V
IOH = -100 µA
VOH22.4-VVDD = 4.5V
IOH = -400 µA
ISR1-120-180
µA
VDD = 4.5V
Vs = 2.4V
ISR2-10-14mAVDD = 4.5V
Vs = 2.4V
AC CHARACTERISTICS
The AC specifications are a function of the particular process used to manufacture the part, the
ratings of the I/O buffers, the capacitive load, and the internal routing capacitance. Most of the
specifications can be expressed in terms of multiple input clock periods (TCP), and actual parts will
usually experience less than a ±20 nS variation. The numbers below represent the performance
expected from a 1.2 micron CMOS process when using 2 and 4 mA output buffers.