• Jitter Meets SONET OC-48 and
SDH STM-16 Requirements
• High-Speed CML Clock Output
• Single 3.3V Supply
• Compact 10mm x 10mm 44 Pin PQFP Package
General Description
The VSC8121 is a monolithic Phase Locked Loop (PLL) based clock generator designed for telecommunications systems operating at 2.5Gb /s. The VSC 8121 inco rporates a reactanc e-based (LC) Voltage Contr olled
Oscillator (VCO) with low phase noise. The PLL’s loop filter is on-chip.
The device has a differential 2.488GHz CML clock output (CO/CON) signal, a single-ended TTL lowspeed clock (LSCLK) output equivalent in frequency to that of the reference clock, and a TTL reference clock
input selectable for 51.84MHz, 77.76MHz or 155.52MHz. TTL inputs REFSEL[0:1] are used to make this
selection.
A clean REFCLK signal is required since jitter below the PLL loop bandwidth, which is present on the
REFCLK input, will appear on the output. Jitter on REFCLK at frequencies above the loop bandwidth will be
attenuated by the PLL. The state of REFSEL[0:1] will select which frequency is expected on the REFCLK
input.
The differentia l cloc k outp ut waveforms p roduce d by t he VSC8121 ar e sin usoidal i n natu re, by design. This
typically results in less n oise gener ation t han square pu lses in most cu stomer applicat ions. Fi gure 1 shows a t ypical, single-ended clock output waveform produced by the device.
Figure 1: Typical Clock Output (CO) Waveform
75mV/div
100ps/div
CO and CON are high-speed CML outp uts. As sho wn in Figu re 2, the ou tput dri ver consist s of a dif fe rential
pair designed to drive a 50
50
Ω on-chip to prevent reflections.
Careful layout of these signals is required for optimal performance. Figure 3 demonstrates various termination methods that may be employed, depending on the particular application. Either DC-coupling (termination
#1 in Figure 3) or one of two AC coupling methods (terminati ons #2 and #3) may be used. As indicate d, Vitesse
recommends termination #2 for AC-coupling.
Ω transmission line environment. Note that the output driver is back terminated to
The input stage at the REFCLK input pin consists of ESD protection, followed by a current limiting circuit
which precedes a driver responsible for providing the signal to the phase frequency detector. As pictured below
in Figure 4, the driver has a high impedance, FET gate input. The additional resistance contributed by the current limiting circuit is relatively negligi ble.
Figure 4: Reference Clock Input Diagram
VCC
REFCLK
VEE
Current
Limiting
VTT
Data Sheet
VSC8121
Care should be taken in selection of the reference clock. Time jitter on the reference clock which is within
the PLL’s loop bandwidth will appear on the 2.5G Hz output. Telecom quality crystal oscillators from vendors
such as Connor-Winfield or Vectron are suitable.
Table 1: Reference Clock Selection
REFSEL[1]REFSEL[0]
0051.84MHz2500KHz
1077.76MHz3000KHz
Don’t Care1155.52MHz5500KHz
Die Usage
Vitesse optionally provides this device in unpackaged, die-only format for multi-chip module and related
applications. For further informtion, please contact Vitesse.
Note: Output jitter characteristics apply for differential outputs.
Output HIGH voltage (TTL)2.4——VIOH = -1.0 mA
Output LOW voltage (TTL)——0.5VIOL = +1.0 mA
Input HIGH voltage (TTL)2.0—3.47V—
Input LOW voltage (TTL)0—0.8V—
Input HIGH current (TTL)—50500µAVIN = 2.4V
Input LOW current (TTL)——-500µAVIN = 0.5V
Output differential voltage450—800mV
Output common-mod e voltage
V
0.40
V
0.80
V
0.80
CC
CC
CC
-
—
-
—
-
—
V
0.25
V
0.50
V
0.50
CC
CC
CC
mV
mV
mV
T e r mi na tio n #1
(See Figure 3)
T e r mi na tio n #2
(See Figure 3)
T e r mi na tio n #3
(See Figure 3)
Data Sheet
VSC8121
Table 5: Power Supply Currents
ParameterDescriptionMinTypMaxUnitsConditions
I
CC
P
D
Power supply current from V
Power dissipation0.7WOutputs Open
Power Supply Voltage (VCC) Potential to GND............................................................................-0.5 V to +4.0 V
TTL Input Vo ltage Applied ..........................................................................................................-0.5 V to + 5.5V
Output Current (I
Case Temperature Under Bias (T
Storage Temperature (T
NOTE: (1) Caution: Stresses listed under “Absolute Ma x imu m Ra ti ng s” may be applied to de vice s one a t a time without caus ing p erm a-
nent damage. Functionality at or exceeding the values listed is not implied. Exposure to these values for extended periods may
affect device reliability.
)...................................................................................................................................50 mA
OUT
)................................................................................................-55o to + 125oC
C
) ........................................................................................................... -65o to + 150oC
STG
(1)
2.488GHz SONET/SDH
Clock Generator
Recommended Operating Conditions
Power Supply Voltage (VCC).................................................................................................................+3.3V ±5%
Commercial Operating Temperature Range
NOTE: (1) Lower limit of specification is ambient temperature and upper limit is case temperature.
(1)
(T)............................................................................... 0oC to 85oC
ESD Ratings
Proper ESD procedures should be used when handling this product. The VSC8121 is rated to the following
ESD voltages based on the human body model:
1. All pins are rated at or above 1500V.
Note: If used singl e -ended, the unused output should be terminated.
NC1--Do not connect, leave open
NC2--Do not connect, leave open
NC3--Do not connect, leave open
NC4--Do not connect, leave open
NC5--Do not connect, leave open
NC6--Do not connect, leave open
NC7--Do not connect, leave open
V
CCT
NC9--Do not connect, leave open
NC10--Do not connect, leave open
NC11--Do not connec t, leave open
NC12--Do not connect, leave open
NC13--Do not connect, leave open
V
EET
REFCLK16TTL InputTTLReference Clock
REFSEL[0]17TTL InputTTLSelects Reference Frequency
REFSEL[1]18TTL InputTTLSelects Reference Frequency
LSCLK19TTL OutputTTLLow Speed PLL Output
V
EE
NC21--Do not connect, leave open
NC22--Do not connect, leave open
NC23--Do not connect, leave open
NC24--Do not connect, leave open
NC25--Do not connect, leave open
NC26--Do not connect, leave open
V
CC
CO28Output2.7 - 3.3VHigh-Speed Clock Out
CON29Output2.7 - 3.3VHigh-Speed Clock Out Complement
V
CCP
NC31--Do not connect, leave open
NC32--Do not connect, leave open
NC33--Do not connect, leave open
NC34--Do not connect, leave open
NC35--Do not connect, leave open
NC36--Do not connect, leave open
V
EEANA
V
CCANA
NC39--Do not connect, leave open
2.488GHz SONET/SDH
Clock Generator
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
8Positive Supply3.3VFo r TTL I/O
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
14Negative SupplyGNDFor TTL I/O
20Negative SupplyGND
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
27Po sitive Supply3.3V
30Po sitive Supply3.3VSupply for High-Speed Outputs
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
37Negative SupplyGNDFor Analog Section
38Po sitive Supply3.3VFor Analog Section
NC40--Do not connect, leave open
NC41--Do not connect, leave open
NC42--Do not connect, leave open
NC43--Do not connect, leave open
NC44--Do not connect, leave open
NOTE: (1) Leave unconnected. Terminating these pins to GND, VEE or otherwise may have an adverse effect on the performance
of the device. (2) VCC pins 30 and 38 a re internally connected to each other.
This package has been enhanced with a copper heat slug to provide a low thermal resistance path from the
die to the exposed surface of the heat spreader. The thermal resistance is shown in the Table 7.
T a ble 7: Thermal Resistance
SymbolDescription
θ
JC
θ
CA
Thermal Resistance With Airflow
Thermal resistance from junction-to-case.2.0
Thermal resista nce from c ase-to- ambient w ith no airf low , inc luding co nduction t hrough
the leads.
Shown in T able 8 i s the thermal resistance with airflow. This thermal resistance value reflects al l the thermal
paths including through the leads in an environment where the leads are exposed. The temperature difference
between the ambient airflow temperature and the case temperature should be t he worst-case power of the devi ce
multiplied by the thermal resistance.
T able 8: Thermal Resistance With Airflow
AirflowθCA (oC/W)
100 lfpm28
200 lfpm25
400 lfpm21
600 lfpm18
o
C/W
35.0
Maximum Ambient Temperature Without Heatsink
The worst case ambient temperature without use of a heatsink is given by the equation:
T
A(MAX)
= T
C(MAX)
- P
(MAX)θCA
where:
θ
CA
T
A(MAX)
T
C(MAX)
P
(MAX)
Table 9: Maximum Ambient Air Temperature Without Heatsink
AirflowT
100 lfpm65
200 lfpm68
400 lfpm70
600 lfpm72
= Theta case to ambient at appropriate airflow
= Ambient Air temperature
= Case temperature (85oC for VSC8121)
= Power (0.7W for VSC8121)
oC
A(MAX)
None60
Note that ambient air temperature varies throughout the system based on the positioning and magnitude of
heat sources and the direction of air flow.
An evaluation board is available from Vitesse which can be used to characterize the performance of the
VSC8121 2.488GHz SONET/SDH Clock Generator. The following sections provide a layout for the board,
general notes regardin g usag e and descriptions of input/output port s , as well a s an ex ampl e equ ipme nt setu p. To
learn more about how to order this board for your evaluation needs, please contact your local Vitesse Sales
Office.
Figure 7: Top-view Layout of the VSC8121 Evaluation Board
Figure 8: Location of Additional Components on Back Side of the VSC8121 Evaluation Board
Data Sheet
VSC8121
C5
C7
Component Values:
C3 = 0.1µF
C5 = 0.1µF
C3C6
C6 = 0.1µF
C7 = 0.1µF
Equipment for Typical Set-up
VSC8121 Evaluation Board
Signal Generator or 155.52MHz Crystal Oscillator
Digital Oscilloscope
DC Power Supply
Power Supply Settings
VCCSet to 3.3V (Current draw will be approximately 180mA)
Reference Clock
To provide a reference clock to the VSC8121, either a Signal Generator or telecom-quality Crystal Oscillator can be used. The REFCLK level should be near 900mV(RMS) and, as listed in Table 1 of this specification,
operate at either 51 .84MHz , 77.76MH z, or 15 5.52MH z. The eva luation boa rd is preco nfigure d to run with a
155.52MHz reference clock, but can be easily modified to accept one of the other two frequency choices.
Table 10: REFSEL [0,1] Switch Settings (S1, S2) For Selected Reference Frequency
REFSEL[0]
(S1)
0051.84MHz
0177.76MHz
1Don’t Care155.52MHz
As reiterated above, the selected reference frequency is determined by the TTL inputs REFSEL[0] and
REFSEL[1]. The board can be made to operate wit h a REFCLK of eit her 51.84MHz or 77.7 6MHz by closi ng or
opening the appropriate connections at locations S1 and S2. As indicated in Table 10, S1 controls REFSEL[0],
and S2 controls REFSEL[1]. Closing one of these connections shorts the corresponding REFSEL pin to VEE.
You may either place a permanent short across the desired pin, or place a switch in both locations to leave the
option of toggling to different reference clock settings. (As an example, to configure the device to expect a
77.76MHz frequency, you would place a short or close the switch across S1 and leave S2 open.)
Recommended Evaluation Board Connections
Chabin to Banana Jack Connections
• JP1 (2nd position) to positive terminal of VS1
REFSEL[1]
(S2)
Selected Reference Frequency
2.488GHz SONET/SDH
Clock Generator
• JP1 (4th position) to negative term inal of VS1
(Optionally, microcli p or othe r connectors can be used to rout e po w er as de eme d pra c tic al by the custo m e r)
SMA Cable Connections
•J5 (REFCLK) to the RF Out port of the Signal Generator, -or- you may leave J5 unconnected and place a
crystal oscillator in location U2 (see the Using A Crystal Oscillator section below)
• J7 (LSCLK) to the external TRIGGER input of the Digital O sci lloscope
• J8 (CON) to Ch 1 of the Digital Oscilloscope
• J9 (CO) to Ch 2 of the Digital Oscillosco pe
NOTE: Ports not listed are not required for normal operation of the device , and should be left unconnected.
Using a Crystal Oscillator
The board provid es an option for a crysta l oscillator if it is n ot desired to drive the reference clo ck signal
with a signal generator or other device. A telecom-quality 155.52MHz crystal is recommended, since the goal
should be to introduce the least amount of jitter into the input as possible. Certain frequencies of jitter (those
below the loop bandwidth of the PLL) introduced at the REFCLK input will appear directly at the output of the
device.
The figure below shows one possible set-up using the VSC8121 Evaluation Board and recommended connections listed above. In this configuration, the device receives its reference clock input from an external signal
generator supplying a 900mV(RMS) signal. As an alternative, a crystal oscillator may be used instead to provide this reference. The C O and CON (High-Speed Clock True and C ompl emen t) an d L SCLK si gnal s may th en
be viewed with the scope, as shown on channels 1 through 3. Alternatively, if only one output is being viewed
by the scope, a 50ohm termination should be used on the remaining output to achieve more accurate measurements.
Figure 9: Example Equipment Set-up Using the VSC8121 Evaluation Board
CLOCKOUT
(51.84, 77.76 or 155.52MHz)
CLOCKOUTN
TRIGGER
Pattern
Generator
Digital Sampling
Scope
900mV(RMS)
CH1CH2
TRIGGER
Low Speed Clock (LSCLK)
High-Speed Clock (CO)
J9
VEE
(0V)
VCC
(3.3V)
J7
Reference Clock (REFCLK)
J5
Optional
Crystal
VITESSE
VSC8121
High-Speed Clock Complement (CON)
The intent of this section is to answer the most common questions surrounding the use of the VSC8121
Evaluation Board. Please contact your local sales office if there are any additional details that Vitesse Semiconductor can provide to help you make more efficient use of your evaluation board.
The order number for this product is formed by a combination of the device number, and package type.
Device Type
2.488GHz SONET/SDH Clock Generator
VSC8121
2.488GHz SONET/SDH
Clock Generator
xx
Package Style
QI: 44-pin, 10mm x 10 mm PQFP
Notice
Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation (“Vitesse”) provides this docume nt for informational purpo s es only. All information in this docume nt, including descriptions of features, functions, performance, technical specifications and availability, is subject to change without notice at any time. Nothing contained in this document shall be co nstrued as extend ing any warra nty or promise, express or implie d, that any Vitesse product will be
available as described or will be suitable for or will accomplish any partic ul ar task.
Vitesse products are not intended for use in life support applia nc es, devices or systems. Use of a Vitesse product in such applications without written consent is prohibited.