Datasheet VPX3226E, VPX3225E, VPX3224E Datasheet (Micronas)

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VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E Video Pixel Decoders

Edition Oct. 13, 1999 6251-483-1AI

ADVANCE INFORMATION

MICRONAS

Page 2

VPX 322xE

Contents

Page Section Title

6 1. Introduction

7 1.1. System Architecture

8 2. Functional Description

8 2.1. Analog Front-End 8 2.1.1. Input Selector 8 2.1.2. Clamping 8 2.1.3. Automatic Gain Control 8 2.1.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters 8 2.1.5. ADC Range 8 2.1.6. Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator 10 2.2. Adaptive Comb Filter (VPX 3226E only) 11 2.3. Color Decoder 11 2.3.1. IF-Compensation 11 2.3.2. Demodulator 12 2.3.3. Chrominance Filter 12 2.3.4. Frequency Demodulator 12 2.3.5. Burst Detection / Saturation Control 12 2.3.6. Color Killer Operation 13 2.3.7. Automatic Standard Recognition 13 2.3.8. PAL Compensation/1H Comb Filter 14 2.3.9. Luminance Notch 14 2.4. Video Sync Processing 15 2.5. Macrovision Detection 15 2.6. Component Processing 16 2.6.1. Horizontal Resizer 17 2.6.2. Skew Correction 17 2.6.3. Peaking and Coring 17 2.6.4. YC 17 2.6.5. Video Adjustments 18 2.7. Video Output Interface 18 2.7.1. Output Formats 18 2.7.1.1. YC 19 2.7.1.2. Embedded Reference Headers/ITU-R656 21 2.7.1.3. Embedded Timing Codes (BStream) 21 2.7.2. Bus Shuffler 21 2.7.3. Output Multiplexer 21 2.7.4. Output Ports 22 2.8. Video Data Transfer 22 2.8.1. Single and Double Clock Mode 22 2.8.2. Clock Gating 23 2.8.3. Half Clock Mode 24 2.9. Video Reference Signals 24 2.9.1. HREF 24 2.9.2. VREF 24 2.9.3. Odd/Even Information (FIELD) 26 2.9.4. VACT

Color Space

bCr

4:2:2 with Separate Syncs/ITU-R601

bCr

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Contents, continued

Page Section Title

27 2.10. Operational Modes 27 2.10.1. Open Mode 27 2.10.2. Scan Mode 29 2.11. Windowing the Video Field 30 2.12. Temporal Decimation 31 2.13. Data Slicer 31 2.13.1. Slicer Features 31 2.13.2. Data Broadcast Systems 32 2.13.3. Slicer Functions 32 2.13.3.1. Input 32 2.13.3.2. Automatic Adaptation 32 2.13.3.3. Standard Selection 32 2.13.3.4. Output 34 2.14. VBI Data Acquisition 34 2.14.1. Raw VBI Data 35 2.14.2. Sliced VBI Data 36 2.15. Control Interface 36 2.15.1. Overview 36 2.15.2. I 36 2.15.3. Reset and I 36 2.15.4. Protocol Description 37 2.15.5. FP Control and Status Registers 38 2.16. Initialization of the VPX 38 2.16.1. Power-on-Reset 38 2.16.2. Software Reset 38 2.16.3. Low Power Mode 39 2.17. JTAG Boundary-Scan, Test Access Port (TAP) 39 2.17.1. General Description 39 2.17.2. TAP Architecture 39 2.17.2.1. TAP Controller 39 2.17.2.2. Instruction Register 39 2.17.2.3. Boundary Scan Register 40 2.17.2.4. Bypass Register 40 2.17.2.5. Device Identification Register 40 2.17.2.6. Master Mode Data Register 40 2.17.3. Exception to IEEE 1149.1 40 2.17.4. IEEE 1149.1–1990 Spec Adherence 40 2.17.4.1. Instruction Register 40 2.17.4.2. Public Instructions 41 2.17.4.3. Self-Test Operation 41 2.17.4.4. Test Data Registers 41 2.17.4.5. Boundary-Scan Register 41 2.17.4.6. Device Identification Register 41 2.17.4.7. Performance 45 2.18. Enable/Disable of Output Signals

C-Bus Interface

C Device Address Selection

VPX 322xE

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VPX 322xE

Contents, continued

Page Section Title

46 3. Specifications

46 3.1. Outline Dimensions 47 3.2. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions 49 3.3. Pin Descriptions 50 3.4. Pin Configuration 51 3.5. Pin Circuits

53 4. Electrical Characteristics

53 4.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings 54 4.2. Recommended Operating Conditions 54 4.2.1. Recommended Analog Video Input Conditions 55 4.2.2. Recommended I 55 4.2.3. Recommended Digital Inputs Levels of RES, OE, TCK, TMS, TDI 56 4.2.4. Recommended Crystal Characteristics 57 4.3. Characteristics 57 4.3.1. Current Consumption 57 4.3.2. Characteristics, Reset 57 4.3.3. XTAL Input Characteristics 58 4.3.4. Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs 59 4.3.5. Characteristics, Control Bus Interface 59 4.3.6. Characteristics, JTAG Interface (Test Access Port TAP) 60 4.3.7. Characteristics, Digital Inputs/Outputs 60 4.3.8. Clock Signals PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2 61 4.3.9. Digital Video Interface 61 4.3.10. Characteristics, TTL Output Driver 62 4.3.10.1. TTL Output Driver Description

C Conditions for Low Power Mode

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63 5. Timing Diagrams

63 5.1. Power-up Sequence 63 5.2. Default Wake-up Selection 64 5.3. Control Bus Timing Diagram 65 5.4. Output Enable by Pin OE 66 5.5. Timing of the Test Access Port TAP 66 5.6. Timing of all Pins connected to the Boundary-Scan-Register-Chain 67 5.7. Timing Diagram of the Digital Video Interface 67 5.7.1. Characteristics, Clock Signals

68 6. Control and Status Registers

68 6.1. Overview 71 6.1.1. Description of I 75 6.1.2. Description of FP Control and Status Registers

C Control and Status Registers

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Contents, continued

Page Section Title

87 7. Application Notes

87 7.1. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 322xD-C3 87 7.2. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 3220A 88 7.3. Control Interface 88 7.3.1. Symbols

88 7.3.2. Write Data into I 88 7.3.3. Read Data from I 88 7.3.4. Write Data into FP Register 88 7.3.5. Read Data from FP Register 88 7.3.6. Sample Control Code 89 7.4. Xtal Supplier 90 7.5. Typical Application

92 8. Data Sheet History

C Register

VPX 322xE

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VPX 322xE

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Video Pixel Decoders

Note: This data sheet describes functions and characteristics of VPX 322xE-A1.

1. Introduction

The Video Pixel Decoders VPX 322xE are the third generation of full feature video acquisition ICs for consumer video and multimedia applications. All of the processing necessary to convert an analog video signal into a digital component stream have been integrated onto a single 44-pin IC. Moreover, the VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E provide text slicing for intercast, teletext, and closed caption. For improved Y/C separation, the VPX 3226E includes an adaptive 4H comb filter. All chips are pin compatible to VPX 3220A, VPX 3214C, and VPX 322xD. Their notable features include:

Video Decoding

– high-performance adaptive 4H comb filter Y/C separa-

tor with adjustable vertical peaking (VPX 3226E only)

– multistandard color decoding:

• NTSC-M, NTSC-443

• PAL-BDGHI, PAL-M, PAL-N, PAL-60

• SECAM

• S-VHS

– two 8-bit video A/D converters with clamping and auto-

matic gain control (AGC)

Video Interfacing

– YC – ITU-R 601 compliant output format – ITU-R 656 compliant output format – BStream compliant output format – square pixel format (640 or 768 pixel/line) – 8-bit or 16-bit synchronous output mode – 13.5 MHz/16-bit and 27 MHz/8-bit output rate – VBI bypass and raw ADC data output

Data Broadcast Support (VPX 3225/6E only)

– high-performance data slicing in hardware – multistandard data slicer

– full support for

– programmable to new standards via I – VBI and Full-Field mode – data insertion into video stream – simultaneous acquisition of Teletext, VPS, WSS, and

Miscellaneous

4:2:2 format

bCr

• NABTS, WST

• CAPTION (1x, 2x), VPS, WSS, Antiope

• Teletext, Intercast, Wavetop,

• WebTV for Windows, EPG services

Caption

– four analog inputs with integrated selector for:

• 3 composite video sources (CVBS), or

• 2 Y/C sources (S-VHS), or

• 2 composite video sources and one Y/C source.

– horizontal and vertical sync detection for all standards – decodes and detects Macrovision 7.1 protected video

Video Processing

– hue, brightness, contrast, and saturation control – dual window cropping and scaling – horizontal resizing between 32 and 864 pixels/line – vertical resizing by line dropping – high-quality anti-aliasing filter – scaling controlled peaking and coring

– 44-pin PLCC and PMQFP packages – reduced power consumption of below 500 mW

C serial control, 2 different device addresses

– I – on-chip clock generation, only one crystal needed for

all standards – user programmable output pins – power-down mode – IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) boundary scan interface

– 8 input or user programmable output pins

Software Support

– MediaCVR Software Suite

• Video for Windows driver

• TV viewer applet, Teletext browser

• Intercast/Wavetop browser

– WebTV for Windows

• Video capture and VBI services

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1.1. System Architecture

The block diagram (Fig. 1–1) illustrates the signal flow through the VPX. A sampling stage performs 8-bit A/D conversion, clamping, and AGC. The color decoder separates the luma and chroma signals, demodulates the chroma, and filters the luminance. A sync slicer detects the sync edge and computes the skew relative to the sample clock. The video processing stage resizes the YC

samples, adjusts the contrast and brightness,

bCr

and interpolates the chroma. The text slicer extracts lines with text information and delivers decoded data bytes to the video interface.

Note: The VPX 322xE is register compatible with the VPX 322xD family, but not with VPX 3220A, VPX 3216B, and VPX 3214C family.

VPX 322xE

CVBS/Y

Chroma

SDA

SCL

RES

Clock Gen.

DCO

MUX

ADC

MUX

ADC

I2C JTAG

(VPX 3226E only)

Adaptive 4H CombFilter

MUX

Sync Processing

Text Slicer

(not VPX 3224E)

Luma Filter

Video Decoder

Chroma Demodulator

Line Store

bCr

CbC

Video Processing

Video Interface

PortPort

HREF VREF FIELD

A[7:0]

OEQ

B[7:0]

PIXCL LLC VACT

TDI

TCK

TMS

Fig. 1–1: Block diagram of the VPX 322xE

TDO

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VPX 322xE

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2. Functional Description

The following sections provide an overview of the different functional blocks within the VPX. Most of them are controlled by the Fast Processor (‘FP’) embedded in the decoder. For controlling, there are two classes of regis-

ters: I

C registers (directly addressable via I2C bus) and FP-RAM registers (RAM memory of the FP; indirectly addressable via I

C bus). For further information, see

section 2.15.1.

2.1. Analog Front-End

This block provides the analog interfaces to all video inputs and mainly carries out analog-to-digital conversion for the following digital video processing. A block diagram is given in Fig. 2–1.

Clamping, AGC, and clock DCO are digitally controlled. The control loops are closed by the embedded processor.

2.1.1. Input Selector

Up to four analog inputs can be connected. Three inputs (VIN1–3) are for input of composite video or S-VHS luma signal. These inputs are clamped to the sync back porch and are amplified by a variable gain amplifier. Two inputs, one dedicated (CIN) and one shared (VIN1), are for connection of S-VHS carrier-chrominance signal. The chrominance input is internally biased and has a fixed gain amplifier.

pacitors and is generated by digitally controlled current sources. The clamping level is the back porch of the video signal. S-VHS chroma is AC coupled. The input pin is internally biased to the center of the ADC input range.

2.1.3. Automatic Gain Control

A digitally working automatic gain control adjusts the magnitude of the selected baseband by +6/–4.5 dB in 64 logarithmic steps to the optimal range of the ADC.

2.1.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters

Two ADCs are provided to digitize the input signals. Each converter runs with 20.25 MHz and has 8-bit resolution. An integrated bandgap circuit generates the required reference voltages for the converters. The two ADCs are of a 2-stage subranging type.

2.1.5. ADC Range

The ADC input range for the various input signals and the digital representation is given in Table 2–1 and Fig. 2–2. The corresponding output signal levels of the VPX 32xx are also shown.

2.1.6. Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator

2.1.2. Clamping

The composite video input signals are AC coupled to the IC. The clamping voltage is stored on the coupling ca-

CVBS/Y

CVBS/Y/C

Chroma

VIN3

VIN2

clamp

VIN1

CIN

bias

input mux

reference

generation

AGC +6/–4.5 dB

gain

The clock generation is also a part of the analog front end. The crystal oscillator is controlled digitally by the FP; the clock frequency can be adjusted within ±150 ppm.

digital CVBS or Luma

digital Chroma

system clocks

frequency

ADC

DCVO ±150 ppm

20.25 MHz

Fig. 2–1: Analog front-end

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Table 2–1: ADC input range for PAL input signal and corresponding output signal ranges

VPX 322xE

Signal Input Level [mVpp] ADC

Range

–6 dB 0 dB +4.5 dB [steps] [steps]

CVBS 100% CVBS 667 1333 2238 252 –

75% CVBS 500 1000 1679 213 –

video (luma) 350 700 1175 149 224

sync height 150 300 504 64 –

clamp level 68 16

Chroma burst 300 64 –

100% Chroma 890 190 128$112

75% Chroma 670 143 128$84

bias level 128 128

YCrC

Output Range

CVBS/Y Chroma

upper headroom = 38 steps = 1.4 dB = 25 IRE

255

217 192

128

lower headroom = 4 steps = 0.2 dB

white

black = clamp

level

video = 100 IRE

sync = 41 IRE

headroom = 56 steps = 2.1 dB

228

192

128

burst

Fig. 2–2: ADC ranges for CVBS/Luma and Chroma, PAL input signal

100% Chroma

75% Chroma

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2.2. Adaptive Comb Filter (VPX 3226E only)

The 4H adaptive comb filter is used for high-quality luminance/chrominance separation for PAL or NTSC composite video signals. The comb filter improves the luminance resolution (bandwidth) and reduces interferences such as cross-luminance and cross-color. The adaptive algorithm eliminates most of the mentioned errors without introducing new artifacts or noise.

A block diagram of the comb filter is shown in Fig. 2–3. The filter uses four line delays to process the information of three video lines. To have a fixed phase relationship of the color subcarrier in the three channels, the system clock (20.25 MHz) is fractionally locked to the color subcarrier. This allows the processing of all color standards and substandards using a single crystal frequency.

The CVBS signal in the three channels is filtered at the subcarrier frequency by a set of bandpass/notch filters. The output of the three channels is used by the adaption logic to select the weighting that is used to reconstruct the luminance/chrominance signal from the 4 bandpass/ notch filter signals. By using soft mixing of the 4 signals, switching artifacts of the adaption algorithm are completely suppressed.

The comb filter uses the middle line as reference, therefore, the comb filter delay is two lines. If the comb filter is switched off, the delay lines are used to pass the luma/ chroma signals from the A/D converters to the luma/ chroma outputs. Thus, the processing delay is always two lines.

In order to obtain the best-suited picture quality, it is possible for the user to influence the behavior of the adaption algorithm going from moderate combing to strong combing. The following three parameters may be adjusted:

– HDG (horizontal difference gain) – VDG (vertical difference gain) – DDR (diagonal dot reducer)

HDG typically defines the comb strength on horizontal edges. It determines the amount of the remaining crossluminance and the sharpness on edges respectively. As HDG increases, the comb strength, e.g. cross luminance reduction and sharpness, increases.

VDG typically determines the comb filter behavior on vertical edges. As VDG increases, the comb strength, e.g. the amount of hanging dots, decreases.

After selecting the comb filter performance in horizontal and vertical direction, the diagonal picture performance may further be optimized by adjusting DDR. As DDR increases, the dot crawl on diagonal colored edges is reduced.

To enhance the vertical resolution of the the picture, the VPX 3226E provides a vertical peaking circuitry. The filter gain is adjustable between 0 and +6 dB, and a coring filter suppresses small amplitudes to reduce noise artifacts. In relation to the comb filter, this vertical peaking contributes greatly to an optimal two-dimensional resolution homogeneity.

Bandpass Filter

CVBS Input

Chroma Input

2H Delay Line

Bandpass/ Notch Filter

Bandpass Filter

Luma / Chroma Mixers

Adaption Logic

Luma Output

Chroma Output

Fig. 2–3: Block diagram of the adaptive comb filter (PAL mode)

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–

VPX 322xE

2.3. Color Decoder

In this block, the standard luma/chroma separation and

multi-standard color demodulation is carried out. The

color demodulation uses an asynchronous clock, thus

allowing a unified architecture for all color standards.

A block diagram of the color decoder is shown in Fig.

2–5. The luma, as well as the chroma processing, is

shown here. The color decoder also provides several

special modes; for example, wide band chroma format

which is intended for S-VHS wide bandwidth chroma.

The output of the color decoder is YC

in a 4:2:2 for-

rCb

mat.

2.3.1. IF-Compensation

With off-air or mistuned reception, any attenuation at

higher frequencies or asymmetry around the color sub-

carrier is compensated. Four different settings of the IF-

compensation are possible:

– flat (no compensation)

– 6 dB/octave

– 12 dB/octave

– 10 dB/MHz

–5

3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 5

4.75

MHz

Fig. 2–4: Freq. response of chroma IF-compensation

2.3.2. Demodulator

The entire signal (which might still contain luma) is now quadrature-mixed to the baseband. The mixing frequency is equal to the subcarrier for PAL and NTSC, thus achieving the chroma demodulation. For SECAM, the mixing frequency is 4.286 MHz giving the quadrature baseband components of the FM modulated chroma. After the mixer, a lowpass filter selects the chroma components; a downsampling stage converts the color difference signals to a multiplexed half rate data stream.

The last setting gives a very large boost to high frequen-

cies. It is provided for SECAM signals that are decoded

using a SAW filter specified originally for the PAL stan-

dard.

Luma / CVBS

MUXMUX

Chroma

1 H Delay

IF Compensation DC-Reject

The subcarrier frequency in the demodulator is generated by direct digital synthesis; therefore, substandards such as PAL 3.58 or NTSC 4.43 can also be demodulated.

Notch Filter

CrossSwitch

MIXER

ACC Lowpass Filter Phase/Freq. Demodulator

Luma

Chroma

Fig. 2–5: Color decoder

Color-PLL/Color-ACC

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VPX 322xE

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2.3.3. Chrominance Filter

The demodulation is followed by a lowpass filter for the color difference signals for PAL/NTSC. SECAM requires a modified lowpass function with bell-filter characteristic. At the output of the lowpass filter, all luma information is eliminated.

The lowpass filters are calculated in time multiplex for the two color signals. Four bandwidth settings (narrow, normal, broad, wide) are available for each standard. The filter passband can be shaped with an extra peaking term at 1.25 MHz. For PAL/NTSC, a wide band chroma filter can be selected. This filter is intended for high bandwidth chroma signals; for example, a nonstandard wide bandwidth S-VHS signal.

–10

–20

–30

–40

2.3.4. Frequency Demodulator

The frequency demodulator for demodulating the SECAM signal is implemented as a CORDIC-structure. It calculates the phase and magnitude of the quadrature components by coordinate rotation.

The phase output of the CORDIC processor is differentiated to obtain the demodulated frequency. After a programmable deemphasis filter, the Dr and Db signals are scaled to standard C

amplitudes and fed to the cross-

rCb

over-switch.

2.3.5. Burst Detection / Saturation Control

In the PAL/NTSC-system, the burst is the reference for the color signal. The phase and magnitude outputs of the CORDIC are gated with the color key and used for controlling the phase-lock-loop (APC) of the demodulator and the automatic color control (ACC) in PAL/NTSC. The ACC has a control range of +30...–6 dB.

Color saturation can be selected once for all color standards. In PAL/NTSC, it is used as reference for the ACC. In SECAM, the necessary gains are calculated automatically.

–50

012345

PAL/NTSC

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

012345

SECAM

MHz

Fig. 2–6: Frequency response of chroma filters

For SECAM decoding, the frequency of the burst is measured. Thus, the current chroma carrier frequency can be identified and is used to control the SECAM processing. The burst measurements also control the color killer operation; they can be used for automatic standard detection as well.

2.3.6. Color Killer Operation

The color killer uses the burst-phase/burst-frequency measurement to identify a PAL/NTSC or SECAM color signal. For PAL/NTSC, the color is switched off (killed) as long as the color subcarrier PLL is not locked. For SECAM, the killer is controlled by the toggle of the burst frequency. The burst amplitude measurement is used to switch off the color if the burst amplitude is below a programmable threshold. Thus, color will be killed for very noisy signals. The color amplitude killer has a programmable hysteresis.

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VPX 322xE

2.3.7. Automatic Standard Recognition

The burst frequency measurement is also used for automatic standard recognition (together with the status of horizontal and vertical locking) thus allowing a completely independent search of the line and color standard of the input signal. The following standards can be distinguished:

PAL B, G, H, I; NTSC M; SECAM; NTSC 44; PAL M; PAL N; PAL 60

For a preselection of allowed standards, the recognition can be enabled/disabled via I

C bus for each standard

separately.

If at least one standard is enabled, the VPX 322xE checks the horizontal and vertical locking of the input signal and the state of the color killer regularly. If an error exists for several adjacent fields, a new standard search is started. Depending on the measured number of lines per field and burst frequency, the current standard is selected.

For error handling, the recognition algorithm delivers the following status information:

– search active (busy)

CVBS

Notch

filter

Chroma

Process.

C C

r b

Luma

Chroma

Process.

a) conventional b) S-VHS

CVBS

Notch

filter

Chroma

Process.

1 H

Delay

c) compensated

Notch

CVBS

1 H

Delay

filter

Chroma

Process.

d) comb filter

Fig. 2–7: NTSC color decoding options

CrC

– search terminated, but failed – found standard is disabled – vertical standard invalid – no color found

Please refer to Table 6–4 for details.

2.3.8. PAL Compensation/1H Comb Filter

The color decoder uses one fully integrated delay line. Only active video is stored.

The delay line application depends on the color standard:

– NTSC: 1H comb filter or color compensation – PAL: color compensation – SECAM: crossover-switch

In the NTSC compensated mode, Fig. 2–7 c), the color signal is averaged for two adjacent lines. Thus, crosscolor distortion and chroma noise is reduced. In the NTSC combfilter mode, Fig. 2–7 d), the delay line is in the composite signal path, thus allowing reduction of cross-color components, as well as cross-luminance. The loss of vertical resolution in the luminance channel is compensated by adding the vertical detail signal with removed color information.

CVBS

Notch

filter

Chroma Process.

1 H

Delay

a) conventional

Luma

Chroma

Process.

1 H

Delay

b) S-VHS

Fig. 2–8: PAL color decoding options

CVBS

Notch

filter

Chroma Process.

1 H

Delay

MUX

CrC

Fig. 2–9: SECAM color decoding

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VPX 322xE

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2.3.9. Luminance Notch

If a composite video signal is applied, the color information is suppressed by a programmable notch filter. The position of the filter center frequency depends on the subcarrier frequency for PAL/NTSC. For SECAM, the notch is directly controlled by the chroma carrier frequency. This considerably reduces the cross-luminance. The frequency responses for all three systems are shown in Fig. 2–11. In S-VHS mode, this filter is bypassed.

2.4. Video Sync Processing

Fig. 2–10 shows a block diagram of the front-end sync processing. To extract the sync information from the video signal, a linear phase lowpass filter eliminates all noise and video contents above 1 MHz. The sync is separated by a slicer; the sync phase is measured. The internal controller can select variable windows to improve the noise immunity of the slicer. The phase comparator measures the falling edge of sync, as well as the integrated sync pulse.

–10

–20

–30

–40

02 4 68 10

PAL/NTSC notch filter

–10

–20

MHz

The sync phase error is filtered by a phase-locked loop that is computed by the FP. All timing in the front-end is derived from a counter that is part of this PLL, and it thus counts synchronously to the video signal.

A separate hardware block measures the signal back porch and also allows gathering the maximum/minimum of the video signal. This information is processed by the FP and used for gain control and clamping.

For vertical sync separation, the sliced video signal is integrated. The FP uses the integrator value to derive vertical sync and field information.

Frequency and phase characteristics of the analog video signal are derived from PLL1. The results are fed to

video input

lowpass 1 MHz &

sync slicer

horizontal sync separation

–30

–40

02 4 68 10

SECAM notch filter

Fig. 2–11: Frequency responses of the luma notch filter for PAL, NTSC, SECAM

the rest of the video processing system in the backend. The resizer unit uses them for data interpolation and orthogonalization. A separate timing block derives the timing reference signals HREF and VREF from the horizontal sync.

PLL1

phase comparator & lowpass

counter

front sync generator

MHz

front sync skew vblank field

clamp & signal measurement

Fig. 2–10: Sync separation block diagram

clamping

front-end timing

color key FIFO_write

clock synthesizer syncs

clock H/V syncs

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VPX 322xE

2.5. Macrovision Detection

Video signals from Macrovision encoded VCR tapes are decoded without loss of picture quality. However it might be necessary in some applications to detect the presence of Macrovision encoded video signals. This is possible by reading a status register (FP-RAM 0x170).

Macrovision encoded video signals typically have AGC pulses and pseudo sync pulses added during VBI. The amplitude of the AGC pulses is modulated in time. The Macrovision detection logic measures the VBI lines and compares the signal against programmable thresholds.

The window in which the video lines are checked for Macrovision pulses can be defined in terms of start and stop line (e.g. 6–15 for NTSC).

2.6. Component Processing

Recovery of the YC

components by the decoder is

bCr

followed by horizontal resizing and skew compensation. Contrast enhancement with noise shaping can also be applied to the luminance signal. Vertical resizing is supported via line dropping.

Fig. 2–12 illustrates the signal flow through the component processing stage. The YC

4:2:2 samples are

bCr

separated into a luminance path and a chrominance path. The Luma Filtering block applies anti-aliasing lowpass filters with cutoff frequencies adapted to the number of samples after scaling, as well as peaking and coring. The Resize and Skew blocks alter the effective sampling rate and compensate for horizontal line skew. The YC

samples are buffered in a FIFO for continu-

bCr

ous burst at a fixed clock rate. For luminance samples, the contrast and brightness can be adjusted and noise shaping applied. In the chrominance path, C

and C

samples can be swapped. Without swapping, the first valid video sample is a C

sample. Chrominance gain

can be adjusted in the color decoder.

Active Video Reference

CbC

rin

Luma Filter with peaking & coring

Resize

Luma Phase Shift

Sequence

Control

Chroma Phase Shift

Resize

Skew

Latch

16 bit

Fig. 2–12: Component processing stage

Table 2–2: Several rasters supported by the resizer

NTSC PAL/SECAM Format Name

640 x 480 768 x 576 Square pixels for broadcast TV (4:3)

704 x 480 704 x 576 Input Raster for MPEG-2

Contrast,

Brightness &

Noise shaping

Cb/Cr-

swapping

out

rout

320 x 240 384 x 288 Square pixels for TV (quarter resolution)

352 x 240 352 x 288 CIF – Input raster for MPEG-1, H.261

160 x 120 192 x 144 Square pixels for TV (1/16 resolution), H.324, H.323

176 x 120 176 x 144 QCIF – Input raster for H.261

32 x 24 32 x 24 Video icons for graphical interfaces (square)

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2.6.1. Horizontal Resizer

The operating range of the horizontal resizer was chosen to serve the widest possible range of applications and source formats (number of lines, aspect ratio, etc...). Table 2–2 lists several examples for video sourced from 525/625 line TV systems.

The horizontal resizer alters the sampling raster of the video signal, thereby varying the number of pixels (NPix) in the active portion of the video line. The number of pixels per line is selectable within a range from 32 to 864 in increments of 2 pixels (see section 2.11.: Windowing the video field). Table 2–2 gives an overview of several supported video rasters. The visual quality of a sampling rate conversion operation depends on two factors:

– the frequency response of the individual filters, and – the number of available filters from which to choose.

The VPX is equipped with a battery of FIR filters to cover the five octave operating range of the resizer. Fig. 2–13 shows the magnitude response of five example filters corresponding to 1054, 526, 262, 130, and 32 pixels.

The density of the filter array can be seen in Fig. 2–14. The magnitude response of 50 filters lying next to each other are shown. Nevertheless, these are only 10% of all filters shown. As a whole, the VPX comes with a battery of 512 FIR filters. Showing these 512 Filters in Fig. 2–13 would result in a large black area. This dense array of filters is necessary in order to maintain constant visual quality over the range of allowable picture sizes. The alternative would be to use a small number of filters whose cutoff frequencies are regularly spaced over the spectrum. However, it has been found that using few filters leads to visually annoying threshold behavior. These effects occur when the filters are changed in response to variations in the picture size.

010203040

MHz

Fig. 2–13: Freq. response of 5 widely spaced filters

–2

–4

–6

–8

Filter selection is performed automatically by the internal processor based on the selected resizing factor (NPix). This automated selection is optimized for best visual performance.

0 0.5 1.5 2 3

1 2.5

Fig. 2–14: Freq. response of 50 adjacent filters

MHz

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2.6.2. Skew Correction

The VPX delivers orthogonal pixels with a fixed clock even in the case of non-broadcast signals with substantial horizontal jitter (VCRs, laser disks, certain portions of the 6 o’clock news...).

This is achieved by highly accurate sync slicing combined with post correction. Immediately after the analog input is sampled, a horizontal sync slicer tracks the position of sync. This slicer evaluates, to within 1.6 ns, the skew between the sync edge and the edge of the pixelclock. This value is passed as a skew on to the phase shift filter in the resizer. The skew is then treated as a fixed initial offset during the resizing operation.

The skew block in the resizer performs programmable phase shifting with subpixel accuracy. In the luminance path, a linear interpolation filter provides a phase shift between 0 and 31/32 in steps of 1/32. This corresponds to an accuracy of 1.6 ns. The chrominance signal can be shifted between 0 and 7/8 in steps of 1/8.

2.6.3. Peaking and Coring

The horizontal resizer comes with an extra peaking filter for sharpness control. The center frequency of the peaking filter is automatically adjusted to the image size in 512 steps. However, for each size, the user can select between a low, middle (default), or high center frequency for peaking. The peaking amplitude can be controlled by the user in 8 steps via FP-RAM 0x126/130. Fig. 2–15 shows the magnitude response of the eight steps of the peaking filter corresponding to an image size of 320 pixels.

After the peaking filter, an additional coring filter is implemented to the horizontal resizer. The coring filter subtracts 0, 1/2, 1, or 2 LSBs of the higher frequency part of the signal. Note, that coring can be performed independently of the peaking value adjustment.

2.6.4. YCbCr Color Space

The color decoder outputs luminance and one multiplexed chrominance signal at a sample clock of

20.25 MHz. Active video samples are flagged by a separate reference signal. Internally, the number of active samples is 1080 for all standards (525 lines and 625 lines). The representation of the chroma signals is the ITU-R 601 digital studio standard.

In the color decoder, the weighting for both color difference signals is adjusted individually. The default format has the following specification:

– Y = 224*Y + 16 (pure binary), – Cr = 224*(0.713*(R–Y)) + 128 (offset binary), – Cb = 224*(0.564*(B–Y)) + 128 (offset binary).

2.6.5. Video Adjustments

The VPX provides a selectable gain (contrast) and offset (brightness) for the luminance samples, as well as additional noise shaping. Both the contrast and brightness factors can be set externally via I

C serial control of FPRAM 0x127,128,131, and 132. Fig. 2–16 gives a functional description of this circuit. First, a gain is applied, yielding a 10-bit luminance value. The conversion back to 8-bit is done using one of four selectable techniques: simple rounding, truncation,1-bit error diffusion, or 2-bit error diffusion. Bit[8] in the ‘contrast’-register selects between the clamping levels 16 and 32.

out

= c * I

+ b c = 0...63/32 in 64 steps

b = –127...128 in 256 steps

In the chrominance path, C

and Cr samples can be

swapped with bit[8] in FP-RAM 0x126 or 130. Adjustment of color saturation and gain is provided via FPRAM 0x30–33 (see section 2.3.5.).

–10

–20

–30

01 34 6

MHz

Fig. 2–15: Frequency response of peaking filter

Rounding

Truncation

1 bit

Err. Diff.

2 bit

Err. Diff.

Contrast Select Brightness

FP-RAM Registers

Fig. 2–16: Contrast and brightness adjustment

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2.7. Video Output Interface

Contrary to the component processing stage running at a clock rate of 20.25 MHz, the output formatting stage (Fig. 2–17) receives the video samples at a pixel transport rate of 13.5 MHz. It supports 8 or 16-bit video formats with separate or embedded reference signals, provides bus shuffling, and channels the output via one or both 8-bit ports. Data transfer is synchronous to the internally generated 13.5 MHz pixel clock.

The format of the output data depends on three parameters:

– the selected output format

S YC S YC S YC

4:2:2, separate syncs

bCr

4:2:2, ITU-R656

bCr

4:2:2, embedded reference codes (BStream)

bCr

– the number of active ports (A only, or both A and B)

– clock speed (single, double, half).

In 8-bit modes using only Port A for video data, Port B can be used as programmable output.

2.7.1. Output Formats

The VPX supports the YC

4:2:2 video format only.

bCr

During normal operation, all reference signals are output separately. To provide a reduced video interface, the VPX offers two possibilities for encoding timing references into the video data stream: an ITU-R656 compliant output format with embedded timing reference headers and a second format with single timing control codes in the video stream. The active output format can be selected via FP-RAM 0x150 [format].

2.7.1.1. YC

4:2:2 with Separate Syncs/ITU-R601

bCr

The default output format of the VPX is a synchronous 16-bit YC

4:2:2 data stream with separate reference

bCr

signals. Port A is used for luminance and Port B for chrominance-information. Video data is compliant to ITUR601. Bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 has to be set to 00. Figure 2–18 shows the timing of the data ports and the reference signals in this mode.

Video Samples

Reference Signals

16 8

Output Formats

Fig. 2–17: Output format stage

Luminance (Port A)

Chrominance (Port B)

VACT

Bus Shuffler

Clock

Generation

Output Multiplex

n–1

Port A

Port B

PIXCLK LLC LLC2

HREF VREF VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

Fig. 2–18: Detailed data output (single clock mode)

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2.7.1.2. Embedded Reference Headers/ITU-R656

The VPX supports an output format which is designed to be compliant with the ITU-R656 recommendation. It is activated by setting bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 to 01. The 16-bit video data must be multiplexed to 8 bit at the double clock frequency (27 MHz) via FP-RAM 0x154, bit[9] set to 1 (see also Section 2.7.3.: Output Multiplexer).

In this mode, video samples are in the following order:

, Y, Cr, Y, ... The data words 0 and 255 are protected

since they are used for identification of reference headers. This is assured by limitation of the video data. Timing reference codes are inserted into the data stream at the beginning and the end of each video line in the following way: A ‘Start of active video’-Header (SAV) is inserted before the first active video sample. The ‘end of active video’-code (EAV) is inserted after the last active video sample. They both contain information about the field type and field blanking. The data words occurring during the horizontal blanking interval between EAV and SAV are filled with 0x10 for luminance and 0x80 for chrominance information. Table 2–3 shows the format of the SAV and EAV header. Fig. 2–19 and 2–20 show standard ITU-R656 output waveforms.

– For data within the VBI-window (e.g. sliced or raw tele-

text data), the user can select between limitation or reduction to 7-bit resolution with an additional LSB assuring odd parity (0 and 255 never occur). This option can be selected via FP-RAM 0x150 [range].

– The task bit can be used as a qualifier for VBI data. It

is set to zero during the programmed VBI window if bit[11] in 0x150 is set.

– Ancillary data blocks may be longer than 255 bytes (for

raw data) and are transmitted without checksum. The secondary data ID is used as high byte of the data count (DC1; see Table 2–4).

– Ancillary data packets must not follow immediately af-

ter EAV or SAV.

– The total number of clock cycles per line, as well as

valid cycles between EAV and SAV may vary.

Table 2–3: Coding of the SAV/EAV-header

Bit No.

Word MSB LSB

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

First 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Note that the following changes and extensions to the ITU-R656 standard have been included to support horizontal and vertical scaling, transmission of VBI-data, etc.:

– Both the length and the number of active video lines

varies with the selected window parameters. For compliance with the ITU-R656 recommendation, a size of 720 samples per line must be selected for each window. To enable a constant line length even in the case of different scaling values for the video windows, the VPX provides a programmable ‘active video’ signal (see section 2.9.4.).

– During blanked lines, the VACT signal is suppressed.

VBI-lines can be marked as blanked or active, thus allowing the choice of enabled or suppressed VACT during the VBI-window. The vertical field blanking flag (V) in the SAV/EAV header is set to zero in any line with enabled VACT signal (valid VBI or video lines).

– During blanked lines SAV/EAV headers can be sup-

pressed in pairs with FP-RAM 0x150, bit[9]. To assure vertical sync detection, some SAV/EAV headers are inserted during field blanking.

– The flags F,V and H encoded in the SAV/EAV headers

change on SAV. With FP-RAM 0x150, bit[10] set to 1 they change on EAV. The programmed windows however are delayed by one line. Header suppression is always applied for SAV/EAV pairs.

Second 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Third 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fourth T F V H P3 P2 P1 P0

T= 0 during VBI data (if enabled), else T = 1 F = 0 during field 1, F = 1 during field 2 V = 0 during active lines V = 1 during vertical field blanking H = 0 in SAV, H = 1 in EAV

The bits P0, P1, P2, and P3 are protection bits. Their states are dependent on the states of F, V, and H. They can be calculated using the following equations:

= H xor V xor T

P2 = H xor F xor T P1 = V xor F xor T P0 = H xor V xor F

The VPX also supports the transmission of VBI-data as vertical ancillary data during blanked lines in the interval starting with the end of the SAV and terminating with the beginning of EAV. In this case, an additional header is inserted directly before the valid active data; thus, the position of SAV and EAV depends on the settings for the programmable VACT signal (see Fig. 2–21). These parameters will be checked and corrected if necessary to assure an appropriate size of VACT for both data and ancillary header.

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Table 2–4 shows the coding of the ancillary header information. The word I[2:0] contains a value for data type identification (1 for sliced and 3 for raw data during odd fields, 5 for sliced and 7 for raw data during even fields). M[5:0] contains the MSBs and L[5:0] the LSBs of the number of following D–words (32 for sliced data, 285 for raw data). DC1 is normally used as secondary data ID. The value 0 for M[5:0] in the case of sliced data marks an undefined format. Bit[6](P) is even parity for bit[5] to bit[0]. Bit[7] is the inverted parity flag. Note that the following user data words (video data) are either limited or have odd parity to assure that 0 and 255 will not occur. Bit[3] in FP-RAM 0x150 selects between these two options.

current line length

dependent on window size

Digital Video Output

VACT

EAV

constant during

horizontal blanking

Y = 10

hex

; C

= C

= 80

SAV

hex

Cb Y Cr Y ...

Table 2–4: Coding of the ancillary header information

Bit No.

Word MSB LSB

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Pream1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pream2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Pream3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DID NP P 0 1 0 I2 I1 I0

DC1 NP P M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0

DC2 NP P L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 L0

Cb Y Cr Y ...

EAV

SAV: “start of active video” header EAV: “end of active video” header

SAV

Fig. 2–19: Output of video or VBI data with embedded reference headers (according to ITU-R656)

DATA (Port A)

VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

SAV1SAV2SAV3SAV

10h80h 80h 10hEAV1EAV2EAV3EAV

b1Y1

Cr1Y2C

bn–1Yn–1

rn–1Yn

Fig. 2–20: Detailed data output (double clock mode)

current line length

size of programmable VACT

dependent on VBI-window size

Digital Video Output

EAV

SAV

D1 D2 D3 D4 ...

ANC

Cb Y Cr Y ...

EAV

SAV

constant during

horizontal blanking

Y = 10

hex

; C

= C

= 80

hex

SAV: “start of active video” header EAV: “end of active video” header

VACT

Fig. 2–21: Output of VBI-data as ancillary data

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2.7.1.3. Embedded Timing Codes (BStream)

In this mode, several event words are inserted into the pixel stream for timing information. It is activated by setting Bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 to 10. Each event word consists of a chrominance code value containing the phase of the color-multiplex followed by a luminance code value signalling a specific event. The allowed control codes are listed in Table 2–5 and 2–6.

At the beginning and the end of each active video line, timing reference codes (start of active video: SAV; end of active video: EAV) are inserted with the beginning and the end of VACT (see Fig. 2–23). Since VACT is suppressed during blanked lines, video data and SAV/EAV codes are present during active lines only. If raw/sliced data should be output, VACT has to be enabled during the VBI window with bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x138! In the case of several windows per field, the length of the active data stream per line can vary. Since the qualifiers for active video (SAV/EAV) are independent of the other reference codes, there is no influence on horizontal or vertical syncs, and sync generation can be performed even with several different windows. For full compliance with applications requiring data streams of a constant size, the VPX provides a mode with programmable ‘video active’ signal VACT which can be selected via bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x140. The start and end positions of VACT relative to HREF is determined by FP-RAM 0x151 and 0x152. The delay of valid data relative to the leading edge of HREF is calculated with the formulas given in Table 2–7 and 2–8. The result can be read in FP-RAM 0x10f (for window 1) and 0x11f (for window 2). Be aware that the largest window defines the size of the needed memory. In the case of 1140 raw VBI-samples and only 32 scaled video samples, the graphics controller needs 570 words for each line (the VBI-samples are multiplexed to luminance and chrominance paths).

The leading edge of HREF indicates the beginning of a new video line. Depending on the type of the current line (active or blanked), the corresponding horizontal reference code is inserted. For big window sizes, the leading edge of HREF can arrive before the end of the active data. In this case, hardware assures that the control code for HREF is delayed and inserted after EAV only. The VREF control code is inserted at the falling edge of VREF. The state of HREF at this moment indicates the current field type (HREF = 0: odd field; HREF = 1: even field).

In this mode, the words 0, 1, 254, and 255 are reserved for data identifications. This is assured by limitation of the video data.

bus shuffler, luminance can be switched to port B and chrominance to port A. In 8-bit double clock mode, shuffling can be used to swap the Y and C components. It is selected with FP-RAM 0x150.

Table 2–5: Chrominance control codes

Chroma Value Phase Information

FE Cr pixel

FF Cb pixel

2.7.3. Output Multiplexer

During normal operation, a 16-bit YCbCr 4:2:2 data stream is transferred synchronous to an internally generated PIXCLK at a rate of 13.5 MHz. Data can be latched onto the falling edge of PIXCLK or onto the rising edge of LLC during high PIXCLK. In the double clock mode, luminance and chrominance data are multiplexed to 8 bit and transferred at the double clock frequency of 27 MHz in the order C chrominance value being a C

, Y, Cr, Y...; the first valid

sample. With shuffling

switched on, Y and C components are swapped. Data can be latched with the rising edge of LLC or alternating edges of PIXCLK. This mode is selected with bit[9] of FP-RAM 0x154. All 8-bit modes use Port A only. In this case, Port B can be used as input or activated as programmable output with bit[8] of FP-RAM 0x154. Bit[0–7] determine the state of Port B (see Fig. 2–22).

to controller

from controller

I2C 0xAB

video data

FP-RAM 0x154 [outmux]

7:0

7:0 8

ben

Port B[7:0]

Fig. 2–22: Port B as input or programmable output port

2.7.4. Output Ports

2.7.2. Bus Shuffler

In the YC

4:2:2 mode, the output of luminance data

bCr

is on port A and chrominance data on port B. With the

The two 8-bit ports produce TTL level signals coded in binary offset. The Ports can be tristated either via the output enable pin (OE

) or via I2C register 0xF2. For more information, see section 2.18. “Enable/Disable of Output Signals”.

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Table 2–6: Luminance control codes

Luma Value Video Event Video Event Phase Information

01 VACT end last pixel was the last active pixel refers to the last pixel

02 VACT begin next pixel is the first active pixel refers to the next pixel

03 HREF active line begin of an active video line refers to the current pixel

04 HREF blank line begin of a blank line refers to the current pixel

05 VREF even begin of an even field refers to the current pixel

06 VREF odd begin of an odd field refers to the current pixel

DATA (Port A)

VACT

HREF

PIXCLK

LLC

FFh 02h03hFFh FEh 01h

b1Y1

Cr1Y2C

bn–1Yn–1

Fig. 2–23: Detailed data output with timing event codes (double clock mode)

2.8. Video Data Transfer

The VPX supports a synchronous video interface. Video data arrives to each line at the output in an uninterrupted burst with a fixed transport rate of 13.5 MHz. The duration of the burst is measured in clock periods of the transport clock and is equal to the number of pixels per output line.

The data transfer is controlled via the signals PIXCLK, VACT, and LLC. An additional clock signal LLC2 can be switched to the TDO output pin to support different timings.

The VACT signal flags the presence of valid output data. Fig. 2–24, 2–25, and 2–26 illustrate the relationship be-

2.8.1. Single and Double Clock Mode

Data is transferred synchronous to the internally generated PIXCLK. The frequency of PIXCLK is 13.5 MHz. The LLC signal is provided as an additional support for both the 13.5 MHz and the 27 MHz double clock mode. The LLC consists of a doubled PIXCLK signal (27 MHz) for interface to external components which rely on the Philips transfer protocols. In the single clock mode, data can be latched onto the falling edge of PIXCLK or at the rising edge of LLC during high PIXCLK. In double clock mode, output data can be latched onto both clock edges of PIXCLK or onto every rising edge of LLC. Combined with the half-clock mode, the available transfer bandwidths at the ports are therefore 6.75 MHz, 13.5 MHz, and 27.0 MHz.

tween the video port data, VACT, PIXCLK, and LLC. Whenever a line of video data should be suppressed

2.8.2. Clock Gating

(line dropping, switching between analog inputs), it is done by suppression of VACT.

To assure a fixed number of clock cycles per line, LLC and LLC2 can be gated during horizontal blanking. This mode is enabled when bit[7] of FP-RAM 0x153[refsig] is set to 1. The start and stop timing is defined by ‘pval_start’ and ‘pval_stop’. Note that four additional LLC cycles are inserted before and after to allow transmission of SAV/EAV headers in ITU-R656 mode.

rn–1Yn

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2.8.3. Half Clock Mode

For applications demanding a low bandwidth for the transmission between video decoder and graphics controller, the clock signal qualifying the output pixels (PIXCLK) can be divided by 2. This mode is enabled by setting bit[5] of the FP-RAM 0x150 [halfclk]. Note that the output format ITU-R601 must be selected. The timing of the data and clock signals in this case is described in Figure 2–26.

If the half-clock mode is enabled, each second pulse of PIXCLK is gated. PIXCLK can be used as a qualifier for valid data. To ensure that the video data stream can be spread, the selected number of valid output samples should not exceed 400.

VPX 322xE

Luminance (Port A)

Chrominance (Port B)

VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

Fig. 2–24: Output timing in single clock mode

Video (Port A)

VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

n–1

Fig. 2–25: Output timing in double clock mode

Luminance (Port A)

Chrominance (Port B)

VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

Fig. 2–26: Output timing in half clock mode

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2.9. Video Reference Signals

The complete video interface of the VPX runs at a clock rate of 13.5 MHz. It mainly generates two reference signals for the video timing: a horizontal reference (HREF) and a vertical reference (VREF). These two signals are generated by programmable hardware and can be either free running or synchronous to the analog input video. The video line standard (625/50 or 525/60) depends on the TV-standard selected with FP-RAM 0x20 [sdt]. The polarity of both signals is individually selectable via FP-RAM 0x153.

The circuitry which produces the VREF and HREF signals has been designed to provide a stable, robust set of timing signals, even in the case of erratic behavior at the analog video input. Depending on the selected operating mode given in FP-RAM 0x140 [settm], the period of the HREF and VREF signals are guaranteed to remain within a fixed range. These video reference signals can therefore be used to synchronize the external components of a video subsystem (for example the ICs of a PC add-in card).

In addition to the timing references, valid video samples are marked with the ‘video active’ qualifier (VACT). In order to reduce the signal number of the video interface, several 8-bit modes have been implemented, where the reference signals are multiplexed into the data stream (see section 2.7.1.).

2.9.2. VREF

Figs. 2–28 and 2–29 illustrate the timing of the VREF signal relative to field boundaries of the two TV standards. The start of the VREF pulse is fixed, while the length is programmable in the range between 2 and 9 video lines via FP-RAM 0x153 [vlen].

2.9.3. Odd/Even Information (FIELD)

Information on whether the current field is odd or even is supplied through the relationship between the edge (either leading or trailing) of VREF and level of HREF. This relationship is fixed and shown in Figs. 2–28 and 2–29. The same information can be supplied to the FIELD pin, which can be enabled/disabled as output in FP-RAM 0x153 [enfieldq]. FP-RAM 0x153 [oepol] programs the polarity of this signal.

During normal operation the FIELD flag is filtered since most applications need interlaced signals. After filtering, the field type is synchronized to the input signal only if the last 8 fields have been alternating; otherwise, it always toggles. This filtering can be disabled with FPRAM 0x140 [disoef]. In this case, the field information follows the odd/even property of the input video signal.

2.9.1. HREF

Fig. 2–27 illustrates the timing of the HREF signal relative to the analog input. The inactive period of HREF has a fixed length of 64 periods of the 13.5 MHz output clock rate. The total period of the HREF signal is expressed as

Analog Video Input

HREF

and depends on the video line standard.

nominal

VPX Delay

4.7 µs (64 cycles)

nominal

Fig. 2–27: HREF relative to input video

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625

1234567

Input CVBS (50 Hz), PAL

34567 8 910

Input CVBS (60 Hz), NTSC

HREF

361 t

CLK13.5

VREF

2 .. 9 H

FIELD

Fig. 2–28: VREF timing for ODD fields for VPX 3224E and VPX 3225E; for VPX 3226E: 2 lines additional delay due to 4H comb filter

> 1 t

CLK13.5

361 t

CLK13.5

Input CVBS (50 Hz), PAL

Input CVBS (60 Hz), NTSC

HREF

VREF

FIELD

313 314 315 316 317 318 319312 320

265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273

46 t

CLK13.5

2 .. 9 H

46 t

> 1 t

CLK13.5

Fig. 2–29: VREF timing for EVEN fields for VPX 3224E and VPX 3225E; for VPX 3226E: 2 lines additional delay due to 4H comb filter

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2.9.4. VACT

supported [FP-RAM 0x140, vactmode]. The start and

end position for the VACT signal relative to the trailing The ‘video active’ signal is a qualifier for valid video samples. Since scaled video data is stored internally, there are no invalid pixel within the VACT interval. VACT has

edge of HREF can be programmed within a range of 0

to 864 [FP-RAM 0x151, 0x152]. In this case, VACT no

longer marks valid samples only. a defined position relative to HREF depending on the window settings (see section 2.11.). The maximal window length depends on the minimal line length of the input signal. It is recommended to choose window sizes of less than 800 pixels. Sizes up to 864 are possible, but for non-standard input lines, VACT is forced inactive 4 PIXCLK cycles before the next trailing edge of HREF.

The position of the valid data depends on the window

definitions. It is calculated from the internal processor.

The calculated delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge

of HREF can be read via FP–RAM 0x10f (window 1) or

0x11f (window 2). Tables 2–7 and 2–8 show the formulas

for the position of valid data samples relative to the trail-

ing edge of HREF. During the VBI-window, VACT can be enabled or suppressed with FP-RAM 0x138. Within this window, the VPX can deliver either sliced text data with a constant length of 64 samples or 1140 raw input samples. For applications that request a uniform window size over the whole field, a mode with a free programmable VACT is

Fig. 2–30 illustrates the temporal relationship between

the VACT and the HREF signals as a function of the

number of pixels per output line and the horizontal di-

mensions of the window. The duration of the inactive pe-

riod of the HREF is fixed to 64 clock cycles.

Table 2–7: Delay of valid output data relative to the trailing edge of HREF (single clock mode)

Mode Data Delay Data End

Video data (HBeg+HLen)*(720/NPix)–Hlen for NPix < 720

DataDelay + HLen

HBeg*(720/NPix) for NPix ≥ 720

Raw VBI data 150 720

Sliced VBI data 726 790

Table 2–8: Delay of valid output data relative to the trailing edge of HREF (half clock mode)

Mode Data Delay Data End

Video data (HBeg+HLen)*(720/NPix)–2*Hlen for NPix < 360

DataDelay + 2*HLen

HBeg*(720/NPix) for NPix ≥ 360

Raw VBI data not possible! not possible!

Sliced VBI data 662 790

DATA (Port A or B)

VACT

data delay

64 cycles

HREF

n–1

data end

PIXCLK

LLC

Fig. 2–30: Relationship between HREF and VACT signals (single clock mode)

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2.10. Operational Modes

The relationship between the video timing signals (HREF and VREF) and the analog input video is determined by the selected operational mode. Two such modes are available: the Open Mode, and the Scan Mode. These modes are selected via I

C commands

[FP-RAM 0x140, settm, lattm].

2.10.1. Open Mode

In the Open Mode, both the HREF and the VREF signal track the analog video input. In the case of a change in the line standard (i.e. switching between the video input ports), HREF and VREF automatically synchronize to the new input. When no video is present, both HREF and VREF float to the idling frequency of their respective PLLs. During changes in the video input (drop-out, switching between inputs), the performance of the HREF and VREF signals is not guaranteed.

2.10.2. Scan Mode

In the Scan Mode, the HREF and VREF signals are always generated by free running hardware. They are therefore completely decoupled from the analog input. The output video data is always suppressed.

The purpose of the Scan Mode is to allow the external controller to freely switch between the analog inputs while searching for the presence of a video signal. Information regarding the video (standard, source, etc...) can be queried via I

C read.

In the Scan Mode, the video line standard of the VREF and HREF signals can be changed via I

C command. The transition always occurs at the first frame boundary after the I

C command is received. Fig. 2–31, below, demonstrates the behavior of the VREF signal during the transition from the 525/60 system to the 625/50 system (the width of the vertical reference pulse is exaggerated for illustration).

I2C Command to switch video timing standard

Selected timing standard becomes active

VREF

odd

16.683 ms

33.367 ms 40.0 ms

even

(525/60) (625/50)

Fig. 2–31: Transition between timing standards

odd

20.0 ms

even

time

odd

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Table 2–9: Transition Behavior as a Function of Operating Mode

Transition Behavior as a Function of Operating Mode

Transition Mode Behavior

ADVANCE INFORMATION

Power up/Reset (no video)

no video → video Open VREF, HREF: track the input signal

video → no video Open VREF, HREF: floats to steady state frequency of internal PLL

video → video Open VREF, HREF: track the input video immediately

Open VREF, HREF: floats to steady state frequency of internal PLL

Scan no visible effect on any data or control signals

– timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed

Scan no visible effect on any data or control signals

– timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed

Data: available immediately after color decoder locks to input.

Scan no outwardly visible effect on any data or control signals.

– timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed

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2.11. Windowing the Video Field

For each input video field, two non-overlapping video windows can be defined. The dimensions of these windows are supplied via I

C commands. The presence of two windows allows separate processing parameters such as filter responses and the number of pixels per line to be selected.

External control over the dimensions of the windows is performed by I

C writes to a window-load-table (WinLoadTab). For each window, a corresponding WinLoadTab is defined in a table of registers in the FP-RAM [window1: 0x120–128; window2: 0x12a–132]. Data written

to these tables does not become active until the corresponding latch bit is set in the control register FP-

RAM 0x140. A 2-bit flag specifies the field polarity over which the window is active [vlinei1,2].

Vertically, as can be seen in Fig. 2–32, each window is defined by a beginning line given in FP-RAM 0x120/12A, a number of lines to be read-in (FP-RAM 0x121/12B), and a number of lines to be output (FP-RAM 0x122/12C). Each of these values is specified in units of video lines.

Line 1

begin

Window 1

# lines in, # lines out

The option, to separately specify the number of input lines and the number of output lines, enables vertical compression. In the VPX, vertical compression is performed via simple line dropping. A nearest neighbor algorithm selects the subset of the lines for output. The presence of a valid line is signalled by the ‘video active’ qualifier (or the corresponding SAV/EAV code in embedded sync modes).

The numbering of the lines in a field of interlace video is dependent on the line standard. Figs. 2–34 and 2–35 illustrate the mapping of the window dimensions to the actual video lines. The indices on the left are the line numbers relative to the beginning of the frame. The indices on the right show the numbering used by the VPX. As seen here, the vertical boundaries of windows are defined relative to the field boundary. Spatially, the lines from field #1 are displayed above identically numbered from field #2. For example: On an interlace monitor, line #23 from field #1 is displayed directly above line #23 from field #2. There are a few restrictions to the vertical definition of the windows. Windows must not overlap vertically but can be adjacent. The first allowed line within a field is line #10 for 525/60 standards and line #7 for 625/50 standards. The number of output lines cannot be greater than the number of input lines (no vertical zooming). The combined height of the two windows cannot exceed the number of lines in the input field.

Horizontally, the windows are defined by a starting point defined in FP-RAM 0x123/12D and the length in FPRAM 0x124/12E. They are both given relative to the number of pixels (NPix) in the active portion of the line (Fig. 2–33) selected in FP-RAM 0x125/12F. The scaling factor is calculated internally from NPix.

# lines in, # lines out

Window 2

Fig. 2–32: Vertical dimensions of windows

53.33 msec

64 msec

Window

H Begin H Length

N Pix

Fig. 2–33: Horizontal dimensions of sampling window

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5 6 7

18 19 20

260

261 262 263

264 265

260

261 262 263

264 265

266

260

261 262 263

264 265

266

267

268

269

270

18 19 20

281 282 283

284

523

524 525

1 2 3

6 7

18 19 20

Field 1 Field 2

Fig. 2–34: Mapping for 525/60 line systems

There are some restrictions in the horizontal window definition. The total number of active pixels (NPix) must be an even number. The maximum value for NPix should be 800. Values up to 864 are possible, but for short input lines, video data is not guaranteed at the end of the line since VACT will be interrupted at the beginning of the next line. HLength should also be an even number. Obviously, the sum of HBegin and HLength may not be greater than NPix.

Window boundaries are defined by writing the dimensions into the associated WinLoadTab and then setting the corresponding latch bit in the control word FP-RAM 0x140 [latwin]. Window definition data is latched at the beginning of the next video frame. Once the WinLoadTab data has been latched, the latch bit in the Control word is reset. By polling the Infoword (FP-RAM 0x141), the external controller can know when the window boundary data has been read. Window definition data can be changed only once per frame. Multiple window definitions within a single frame time are ignored and can lead to error.

308

309 310

311

312 313

308

309 310 311

312 313

314

315

316

317

335

336 337

338

621

622 623 624

625

3 4

308

309

310

311

312

Field 1 Field 2

Fig. 2–35: Mapping for 625/50 line systems

2.12. Temporal Decimation

To cope with bandwidth restrictions in a system, the VPX supports temporal dropping of video frames via suppression of the VACT signal. Dropping will be applied for video windows only. There is no influence on the state of the VBI-window. This mode can be activated for each video window by setting the enable flag in the corresponding WinLoadTab (FP-RAM 0x121/12B). The selection in FP-RAM 0x157 determines how many frames will be output within an interval of 3000 frames. Note that this selection is applied for both video windows, but decimation can be enabled for each window separately. The number of valid frames is updated only if the corresponding latch flag in FP-RAM 0x140 [lattdec] is set. Frame dropping with temporal decimation can be combined with the field disable flags (FP-RAM 0x121/12B). Within valid video frames, each field type can be disabled separately.

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2.13. Data Slicer

The data slicer is only available on VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E. Software drivers accessing the slicer I

registers should therefore check the VPX part number.

2.13.1. Slicer Features

– 8-bit digital FBAS input – 8-bit unbuffered ascii data output – internal sync separation – PAL and NTSC operation – VBI and full-field mode – automatic slicer adaptation – text reception down to 30% eyeheight – soft error correction – simultaneous decoding of 4 different text services

• main service: programmable

• side service: VPS in line 16

• side service: CAPTION in line 21

• side service: WSS in line 23

2.13.2. Data Broadcast Systems

Table 2–10 gives an overview of the most popular data

broadcast systems throughout the world. The data slicer of the VPX can be programmed to acquire the different data systems via a set of I

C registers.

The various data broadcast systems are specified by a limited set of parameters:

– line multiplex (VBI) – bit rate – modulation – start timing – clock run-in (CRI) – framing code (FRC) – number of data bytes

– programmable text parameters for main service

• bit rate

• clock run-in

• framing code

• error tolerance

• number of data bytes

– operation controlled by I

C registers

Table 2–10: Data Broadcast Systems

Text System

WST PAL 6–22 6.937500Mbit/s NRZ 10.3 µs ’5555’x ’27’x 42 VPS PAL 16 2.500000Mbit/s Bi-Phase 12.5 µs ’5555’x ’51’x 13 WSS PAL 23 0.833333Mbit/s Bi-Phase 11.0 µs ’3c78’x ’f8’x 11 Caption PAL 21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’aaa0’x ’c2’x 4 VITC PAL 6–22 1.812500Mbit/s NRZ 11.2 µs ? ? 9 Antiope SECAM 6–22 6.203125Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’5555’x ’e7’x 37 WST NTSC 10–21 5.727272Mbit/s NRZ 9.6 µs ’5555’x ’27’x 34

TV StandardTVLines

Bit Rate Modulation Timing CRI FRC No.

Bytes

NABTS NTSC 10–21 5.727272Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’5555’x ’e7’x 33 Caption NTSC 21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’aaa0’x ’c2’x 4 2xCaption NTSC 10–21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’2aa0’x ’b7’x 4 VITC NTSC 10–21 1.812500Mbit/s NRZ 11.2 µs ? ? 9 CGMS NTSC 20 0.450450Mbit/s NRZ 11 µs ’10’b – 3

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2.13.3. Slicer Functions

The data slicer is inserted between the video ADC and the video output interface (see Fig. 1–1). It operates completely independent of the video front-end processing and has its own sync separator and a separate set

of I

C registers. Figure 2–36 shows a more detailed

block diagram of the digital data slicer.

DIN

20.25 MHz

SyncFilter

Digital

Bit Slicer

Text Slicer

Formatter

I2C Register

during framing code and clock run-in. The increment of the phase accumulator is programmable and can be used to set up any bit rate with the formula:

increment = 2048 * bit rate/20.25 MHz

2.13.3.3. Standard Selection

The main teletext service can be received in VBI lines only or in every line of each field (full-field mode). All parameters needed to identify a teletext service are programmable.

The slicer uses a reference of 24 bits to identify a teletext service. This reference is compared with the first received teletext bits which are often named clock run-in (CRI) and framing code (FRC). If there is a match, the slicer will start signal adaptation and write the following data to the output stage. The reference can be reduced in length by setting a mask for services which do not have a 16-bit clock run-in. Bit errors can be allowed by setting a tolerance level for every byte of the reference.

Dout Dval

C Bus

Fig. 2–36: Slicer block diagram

2.13.3.1. Input

The slicer receives an 8-bit digitized FBAS signal which is clamped to the back porch level. The teletext signal amplitude can vary to a certain degree (±3 dB), as the slicer will adapt its internal slice level.

2.13.3.2. Automatic Adaptation

The slicer measures certain signal characteristics as DC offset, level, bandwith, and phase error. A digital filter at the input stage is used to compensate bandwith effects of the transmission channel. A DC shifter generates a DC free text signal even in case of co-channel interference. The internal slice level is adapted to the teletext signal level.

The adaption algorithm is designed for the signal characteristics of a WST or NABTS transmission. For text systems with significantly different signal characteristics (like CAPTION) the adaption should be disabled.

The teletext sampling rate is generated by a phase accumulator running at 20.25 MHz, which is synchronized

Additionally, the slicer can switch to other teletext services during dedicated lines of the VBI. These can be line 16 for VPS, line 21 for CAPTION, or line 23 for WSS. In this case, the parameters are hard wired. Table 2–12 shows with which I

C registers the text parameters are programmed and what the fixed settings for the side services are.

2.13.3.4. Output

The slicer delivers a synchronous burst of decoded teletext data bytes together with a data valid signal. This data stream is fed into the video FIFO of the VPX backend. The data rate depends on the teletext bit rate (divided by 8), the length of the burst is programmable. The burst can optionally be extended to 64 bytes independently of the selected teletext service (fill64 mode). The dummy bytes needed to fill the burst to 64 bytes are delivered at a rate of 20.25 MHz. Normally, there is no output during lines without text transmission or unknown text signals. For some applications, it is necessary to have constant memory mapping. Therefore, the slicer can be forced to output 64 bytes per line even if no text is detected (dump mode).

The first 3 bytes of the data burst carry information to identify the received teletext service. The 2 byte line number contains a free running frame counter which can be used to identify data loss in the framebuffer of a capture application. The field bit can be used to identify field dependent services such as CAPTION. The 10-bit line number corresponds to the standard line counting scheme of a PAL composite video signal; in case of NTSC, the value “3” is subtracted.

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Parameter

(hex)

VPX 322xE

The number of useful data bytes at the output is programmable and should be set accordingly to the selected teletext standard. To get “n” data bytes, the value “n+1” has to be programmed, because of the additional framing code byte.

In case of dump mode, byte numbers “1” and “2” are also valid for lines without detected text data. They are then followed by 62 dummy bytes.

Table 2–11: Slicer Output Format

Byte Number

1 line number

2 line number low b[7:0] line number[7:0]

3 framing code b[7:0] as transmitted

4 1st data byte b[7:0] as transmitted

. ... ...

byte_cnt+2 last data byte b[7:0] as transmitted

. dummy byte b[7:0] 00000000

. ... ...

64 dummy byte b[7:0] 00000000

Byte Format

high

Bit Format

b[7:3] frame counter b[2] odd field b[1:0] line number[9:8]

Table 2–12: Slicer Programming (shaded values are hard wired)

Programmable

text reception C9 on/off on/off on/off on/off

TV standard C9 pal/ntsc pal pal ntsc

TV lines C9 vbi/full field 16 23 21

bit rate C1, C2 702 506 506 102

reference BB, BC, BD 27 55 55 51 55 55 f8 3c 78 c2 aa a0

mask B8, B9, BA 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1f

tolerance CE 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01

byte_cnt CF 43 28 14 5

64 byte mode CF on/off

dump mode CF on/off

adaption C7 on/off off

soft error correction C7 on/off off

I2C Register

Main Service Side Services

e.g. WST VPS WSS CAPTION

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2.14. VBI Data Acquisition

The VPX supports two different data acquisition modes for the vertical blanking interval: a bypass mode for raw data of the vertical blanking interval and a data slicer mode in which dedicated hardware provides constant packets of already decoded VBI-data. The data slicer mode is not available on VPX 3224E.

For both services, the start and end line of a vertical blanking interval (VBI) window can be defined for each field with FP-RAM 0x134–137. Teletext data can occur between lines 6 and 23 of each field. However, the VBIwindow is freely programmable. It is possible to select the whole field (beginning with line #3). The VBI-window can be activated via bit[0] in FP-RAM 0x138.

The identification of valid VBI-lines is possible with the VACT-signal (or the ‘active line’-flags in the modes with embedded syncs) or a special ‘data active’ signal on the TDO pin. Bit[10] of FP-RAM 0x154 selects between these two cases. In the default mode, VACT is used. The output of both signals can be suppressed optionally with bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x138. In this case, the graphic controller has to use only the HREF signal to mask the active video data.

2.14.1. Raw VBI Data

The raw data mode is enabled with bit[1] of FP-RAM 0x138 (vbimode). This mode bypasses the luminance processing of the video front-end and delivers unmodified video samples from the ADC to the output ports.

During lines within the VBI-window, specified by the user settings in the corresponding Load-Table, the VPX internally acquires 1140 raw data bytes of the luminance input at a rate of 20.25 MHz corresponding to 56.296 µs of the analog video (see Fig. 2–38). Chrominance data is not valid. The raw data samples are multiplexed internally to 570x16 bit on the luminance and chrominance port. The external timing corresponds to the video mode with 570 output samples for an uncropped window. Figure 2–37 shows the timing of both data ports and the necessary reference signals in this mode.

1140 samples (56.296 ms)

64 ms

In the ITU-R656 mode, VBI-data can be transmitted as vertical ancillary data (with 7 bit resolution + odd parity). The selections for the VBI-window will be updated by setting bit[11] in FP-RAM 0x138.

Luminance (Port A)

Chrominance (Port B)

VACT or TDO*

53.33 ms

active video

Fig. 2–38: Horizontal dimensions of the window for raw VBI-data

1138

1137

1140

1139

PIXCLK

LLC

* depending on bit[10] of FP-RAM 0x154

Fig. 2–37: Timing during lines with raw VBI-data (single clock mode)

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2.14.2. Sliced VBI Data

The sliced data mode is enabled with bit[1] of FP-RAM 0x138 (vbimode). This mode uses the integrated data slicer and delivers decoded data samples to the output ports.

The data slicer provides data packets of a constant size (filled with dummy bytes). The data packets have a default size of 64 bytes. To reduce the data rate for text systems with a smaller number of data bytes, the packet size can be reduced via FP-RAM 0x139.

During lines within the VBI-window, specified by the user settings in the corresponding Load-Table, the VPX internally multiplexes the data slicer packets onto the luminance and chrominance outputs. Since in the 8-bit output modes (ITU-R656, BStream), the values 0, 254 and 255 are protected, each slicer sample is separated into two nibbles for transmission. Table 2–13 shows the implemented data formats.

In each path, one nibble is transmitted twice. The LSB is inverted for odd parity. This assures that the values 0 and 255 will not occur (for the detection of embedded syncs). In the mode with embedded timing event codes, chrominance data will be limited additionally. No significant information will be lost since only bit[0] and bit[1] will be modified. Figure 2–39 shows the timing of data and reference signals in this mode.

Table 2–13: Splitting of sliced data to luminance and chrominance output

Bit No.

Word MSB LSB

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Slicer Data

Chroma Output

Luma Output

S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0

S7 S6 S5 S4 S7 S6 S5 S4

S3 S2 S1 S0 S3 S2 S1 S0

The splitting described above can be disabled by setting bit[6] in the ‘format_select’ register. In this case, the sliced samples will be transmitted in the luminance path only. To avoid modification of valid data, the limitation of luminance data in the 8-bit output modes should be suppressed with bit[8] in the same register (note that luminance codes will not be protected).

Luminance (Port A)

Chrominance (Port B)

VACT

PIXCLK

LLC

1 (LSBs)

1 (MSBs)

Fig. 2–39: Timing during lines with sliced VBI-data (single clock mode)

63 (LSBs)

63 (MSBs)

64 (LSBs)

64 (MSBs)

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2.15. Control Interface

2.15.1. Overview

Communication between the VPX and the external controller is performed serially via the I

C bus (pins SCL and

SDA).

There are basically two classes of registers in the VPX. The first class of registers are the directly addressable

C registers. These are registers embedded directly in the hardware. Data written to these registers is interpreted combinatorially directly by the hardware. These registers are all a maximum of 8-bits wide.

The second class of registers are the ‘FP-RAM registers’, the memory of the internal microcontroller (Micronas Fast Processor). Data written into this class of registers is read and interpreted by the FP’s micro-code. Internally, these registers are 12 bits wide. Communications with these registers require I

C packets with 16-bit

data payloads.

Communication with both classes of registers (I FP-RAM) is performed via I

C. The format of the I2C

C and

telegram depends on which type of register is being addressed.

The I2C interface of the VPX conforms to the I2C bus specification for the fast-mode. It incorporates slope control for the falling edges of the SDA and SCL signals. If the power supply of the VPX is switched off, both pins SCL and SDA float. External pull-up devices must be adapted to fulfill the required rise time for the fast-mode. For bus loads up to 200 pF, the pull-up device could be a resistor; for bus loads between 200 pF and 400 pF, the pull-up device can be a current source (3 mA max.) or a switched resistor circuit.

2.15.3. Reset and I

C Device Address Selection

The VPX can respond to one of two possible chip addresses. The address selection is made at reset by an externally supplied level on the OE latched on the inactive going edge of RES

Table 2–14: I

OE A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W hex

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1/0 86/87

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1/0 8e/8f

C bus device addresses

pin. This level is

2.15.2. I

The VPX has an I

C Bus Interface

C bus slave interface and uses I2C clock synchronization to slow down the interface if required. The I

C bus interface uses one level of subaddressing. First, the bus address selects the IC, then a subaddress selects one of the internal registers.

I2C

subaddress

Read Address

Write Address

Data

Status

space

mcontroller

ff 17f

FP-RAM

Fig. 2–40: FP register addressing

2.15.4. Protocol Description

Once the reset is complete, the IC is selected by asserting the device address in the address part of a I

C transmission. A device address pair is defined as a write address (86 hex or 8e hex) and a read address (87 hex or 8f hex). Writing is done by sending the device write address first, followed by the subaddress byte and one or two data bytes. For reading, the read subaddress has to be transmitted, first, by sending the device write address (86 hex or 8e hex) followed by the subaddress, a second start condition with the device read address (87 hex or 8f hex), and reading one or two bytes of data. It is not allowed to send a stop condition in between. This will result in reading erratic data.

The registers of the VPX have 8 or 16 bit data size; 16-bit registers are accessed by reading/writing two 8-bit data bytes with the high byte first. The order of the bits in a data/address/subaddress byte is always MSB first.

Figure 2–41 shows I

C bus protocols for read and write operations of the interface; the read operation requires an extra start condition after the subaddress and repetition of the read chip address, followed by the read data bytes. The following protocol examples use device address hex 86/87.

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Write to Hardware Control Registers

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK sub-addr ACK send data-byte ACK P

Read from Hardware Control Registers

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK sub-addr ACK S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ACK receive data-byte NAK P

Note: S = I2C-Bus Start Condition

P = I

C-Bus Stop Condition ACK = Acknowledge-Bit (active low on SDA from receiving device) NAK = No Acknowledge-Bit (inactive high on SDA from receiving device)

SDA

1 0

SCL

Fig. 2–41: I

C bus protocol (MSB first)

2.15.5. FP Control and Status Registers

Due to the internal architecture of the VPX, the IC cannot

react immediately to all I

C requests which interact with the embedded processor (FP). The maximum response timing is appr. 20 ms (one TV field) for the FP processor if TV standard switching is active. If the addressed processor is not ready for further transmissions on the I

bus, the clock line SCL is pulled low. This puts the cur-

rent transmission into a wait state called clock synchronization. After a certain period of time, the VPX releases the clock and the interrupted transmission is carried on.

Before accessing the address or data registers for the FP interface (FPRD, FPWR, FPDAT), make sure that the busy bit of FP is cleared (FPSTA).

Write to FP

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK FPWR ACK send FP-address-

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK FPDAT ACK send data-byte

byte high

high

ACK send FP-address-

ACK send data-byte

byte low

low

Read from FP

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK FPRD ACK send FP-address-

S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ACK FPDAT ACK S 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ACK receive data-byte

byte high

ACK send FP-address-

byte low

high

ACK P

ACK receive data-byte

low

NAK P

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2.16. Initialization of the VPX

2.16.1. Power-on-Reset

In order to completely specify the operational mode of the VPX, appropriate values must be loaded into the I

and FP registers. After powering the VPX, an internal power-on-reset clears all the FP/I

C-Registers. An ini-

tialization routine loads the default values for both the

C and FP registers from internal program ROM. The external RES inactive going edge of the RES

pin forces all outputs to be tri-stated. At the

pin, OE and FIELD are read in for configuration. The FIELD pin is internally pulled down, an external pull-up resistor could be used to define a different power-on configuration. The poweron configuration is read on every rising edge of the external RES

pin.

Either inactive (tri-state) or active output pins could be chosen with the FIELD pin at the inactive going edge of RES

. In the inactive state, all relevant output pins are tristated, this includes Port A, Port B, HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2. In the active setup, all of these pins are driven. Table 2–15 gives an overview of the different setups. Additionally the data ports A and B can be tri–stated with an external pullup resistor at the output enable pin OE ther by the OE

pin or via setting bit[7] in I2C register 0xF2

. The ports can be reactivated ei-

(”oeq_dis”).

The VPX always comes up in NTSC square pixel mode (640x240, both fields). In the case of inactive low power mode, the internal H-Sync scheduler is switched off, as in normal low power mode. After enabling the chip via

C Interface, the H-Sync scheduler is enabled and the chips goes into a normal active NTSC operation condition.

2.16.2. Software Reset

The VPX provides the possibility of a software reset generated via I

C command (I2C register 0xAA, bit[2]). Be aware that this software reset does not activate the configuration read-in during power-on reset.

2.16.3. Low Power Mode

The VPX goes into low power mode, if the inactive mode has been chosen. This is equal to the manual chosen low-power mode. Note, that every manual selection of the power mode (full or low-power) overwrites (resets!) the power-up configuration. However, the current configuration cannot be read via the corresponding I

C register. Other restrictions are that the selection of the lowpower mode limits the rate of the I

C-interface to 100 kHz, and that the IC comes up with full power consumption until the low-power circuit becomes active.

Table 2–15: State of the pins during and after reset

Pins Reset

Active

Inactive Setup (FIELD=0)

Active Setup (FIELD=1)

Port A Tri-State Tri-State active (OE=0)

Port B Tri-State Tri-State active (OE=0)

HREF Tri-State Tri-State active

VREF Tri-State Tri-State active

FIELD pull down Tri-State active

VACT Tri-State Tri-State active

PIXCLK Tri-State Tri-State active

13.5 MHz

LLC Tri-State Tri-State active

27 MHz

TDO/ LLC2

Tri-State Tri-State active

programmable output

With the FIELD pin pulled down at the inactive going edge of RES

, the VPX comes up in the low power mode. This mode is introduced for power consumption critical applications. It can be turned on and off with bit[1:0] in

the I

C register 0xAA (”lowpow”). There are three levels of low power mode. When any of them is turned on, the VPX waits for at least one complete video scan line in order to complete all internal tasks and then goes into tristate mode. The exact moment is not precisely defined, so care should be taken to deactivate the system using VPX data before the end of the video scan line in which the VPX is switched into low power mode. During the low power mode, all the I

C and FP registers are preserved, so that the VPX restores its normal operation as soon as low power mode is turned off, without need for any re-initialization. On the other hand, all the I

C and FP registers can be read/written as usual. The only exception is the third level (value of 3 in I power. In that mode, I

C speeds above 100 kbit/sec are

not allowed. In modes 1 and 2, I

C register 0xAA) of low

C can be used up to the

full speed of 400 kbit/s.

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VPX 322xE

2.17. JTAG Boundary-Scan, Test Access Port (TAP)

The design of the Test Access Port, which is used for Boundary-Scan Test, conforms to standard IEEE

1149.1-1990, with one exception. Also included is a list of the mandatory instructions supported, as well as the optional instructions. The following comprises a brief overview of some of the basics, as well as any optional features which are incorporated. The IEEE 1149.1 document may be necessary for a more concise description. Finally, an adherence section goes through a checklist of topics and describes how the design conforms to the standard.

The implementation of the instructions HIGHZ and CLAMP conforms to the supplement P1149.1/D11 (October 1992) to the standard 1149.1-1990.

2.17.1. General Description

The TAP in the VPX is incorporated using the four signal interface. The interface includes TCK, TMS, TDI, and TDO. The optional TRESET signal is not used. This is not needed because the chip has an internal power-onreset which will automatically steer the chip into the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state. The goal of the interface is to provide a means to test the boundary of the chip. There is no support for internal or BIST(built-in self test). The one exception to IEEE 1149.1 is that the TDO output is shared with the LLC2 signal. This was necessitated due to I/O restrictions on the chip (see section 2.17.3. “Exceptions to IEEE 1149.1” for more information).

2.17.2.2. Instruction Register

The instruction register chooses which one of the data registers is placed between the TDI and TDO pins when the select data register state is entered in the TAP controller. When the select instruction register state is active, the instruction register is placed between the TDI and TDO.

Instructions

The following instructions are incorporated: – bypass – sample/preload – extest – master mode – ID code – HIGHZ – CLAMP

2.17.2.3. Boundary Scan Register

The boundary scan register (BSR) consists of boundary scan cells (BSCs) which are distributed throughout the chip. These cells are located at or near the I/O pad. It allows sampling of inputs, controlling of outputs, and shifting between each cell in a serial fashion to form the BSR. This register is used to verify board interconnect.

Input Cell

2.17.2. TAP Architecture

The TAP function consists of the following blocks: TAPcontroller, instruction register, boundary-scan register, bypass register, optional device identification register, and master mode register.

2.17.2.1. TAP Controller

The TAP controller is responsible for responding to the TCK and TMS signals. It controls the transition between states of this device. These states control selection of the data or instruction registers, and the actions which occur in these registers. These include capture, shifting, and update. See Fig. 5–1 of IEEE 1149.1 for TAP state diagram.

The input cell is constructed to achieve capture only. This is the minimal cell necessary since Internal Test (INTEST) is not supported. The cell captures either the system input in the CAPTURE-DR state or the previous cells output in the SHIFT-DR state. The captured data is then available to the next cell. No action is taken in the UPDATE-DR state. See Figure 10–11 of IEEE 1149.1 for reference.

Output Cell

The output cell will allow both capture and update. The capture flop will obtain system information in the CAPTURE-DR state or previous cells information in the SHIFT-DR state. The captured data is available to the next cell. The captured or shifted data is downloaded to the update flop during the UPDATE-DR state. The data from the update flop is then multiplexed to the system output pin when the EXTEST instruction is active. Otherwise, the normal system path exists where the signal from the system logic flows to the system output pin. See Fig. 10–12 of IEEE 1149.1 for reference.

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

Tristate Cell

Each group of output signals, which are tristatable, is controlled by a boundary scan cell (output cell type). This allows either the normal system signal or the scanned signal to control the tristate control. In the VPX, there are four such tristate control cells which control groups of output signals (see section “Output Driver Tristate Control” for further information).

Bidirect Cell

The bidirect cell is comprised of an input cell and a tristate cell as described in the IEEE standard. The signal PIXCLK is a bidirectional signal.

2.17.2.4. Bypass Register

This register provides a minimal path between TDI and TDO. This is required for complicated boards where many chips may be connected in serial.

2.17.2.5. Device Identification Register

This is an optional 32-bit register which contains the Micronas identification code (JEDEC controlled), part and revision number. This is useful in providing the tester with assurance that the correct part and revision are inserted into a PCB.

2.17.4. IEEE 1149.1-1990 Spec Adherence

This section defines the details of the IEEE1149.1 design for the VPX. It describes the function as outlined by IEEE1149.1, section 12.3.1. The section of that document is referenced in the description of each function.

2.17.4.1. Instruction Register

(Section 12.3.1.b.i of IEEE 1149.1-1990)

The instruction register is three bits long. No parity bit is included. The pattern loaded in the instruction register during CAPTURE-IR is binary “101” (MSB to LSB). The two LSBs are defined by the spec to be “01” (bit[1] and bit[0]) while the MSB (bit[2]) is set to “1”.

2.17.4.2. Public Instructions

(Section 12.3.1.b.ii of IEEE 1149.1-1990)

A list of the public instructions is as follows:

Instruction Code (MSB to LSB)

EXTEST 000

SAMPLE/PRELOAD 001

2.17.2.6. Master Mode Data Register

This is an optional register used to control an 8-bit test register in the chip. This register supports shift and update. No capture is supported. This was done so the last word can be shifted out for verification.

2.17.3. Exception to IEEE 1149.1

There is one exception to IEEE 1149.1. The exception is to paragraphs 3.1.1.c., 3.5.1.b, and 5.2.1.d (TESTLOGIC-RESET state). Because of pin limitations on the chip, a pin is shared for two functions. When the circuit is in the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, the LLC2 signal is driven out the TDO/LLC2 pin. When the circuit leaves the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, the TDO signal is driven on this line. As long as the circuit is not in the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, all the rules for application of the TDO signal adhere to the IEEE1149.1 spec.

Since the VPX uses the JTAG function as a boundaryscan tool, the VPX does not sacrifice test of this pin since it is verified by exercising JTAG function. The designer of the PCB must make careful note of this fact, since he will not be able to scan into chips receiving the LLC2 signal via the VPX. The PCB designer may want to put this chip at the end of the chain or bring the VPX TDO out separately and not have it feed another chip in a chain.

ID CODE 010

MASTER MODE 011

HIGHZ 100

CLAMP 110

BYPASS 100 – 111

The EXTEST and SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions both apply the boundary scan chain to the serial path. The ID CODE instruction applies the ID register to the serial chain. The BYPASS, the HIGHZ, and the CLAMP instructions apply the bypass register to the serial chain.

The MASTER MODE instruction is a test data instruction for public use. It provides the ability to control an 8-bit test register in the chip.

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VPX 322xE

2.17.4.3. Self-Test Operation

(Section 12.3.1.b.iii of IEEE 1149.1-1990).

There is no self-test operation included in the VPX design which is accessible via the TAP.

2.17.4.4. Test Data Registers

(Section 12.3.1.b.iv of IEEE 1149.1-1990).

The VPX includes the use of four test data registers. They are the required bypass and boundary scan registers, the optional ID code register, and the master mode register.

The bypass register is, as defined, a 1-bit register accessed by codes 100 through 111, inclusive. Since the design includes the ID code register, the bypass register is not placed in the serial path upon power-up or TestLogic-Reset.

The master mode is an 8-bit test register which is used to force the VPX into special test modes. This is reset upon power-on-reset. This register supports shift and update only. It is not recommended to access this register. The loading of that register can drive the IC into an undefined state.

2.17.4.5. Boundary Scan Register

(Section 12.3.1.b.v of IEEE 1149.1-1990)

The boundary scan chain has a length of 38 shift registers. The scan chain order is specified in the section “Pin Connections”.

2.17.4.6. Device Identification Register

(Section 12.3.1.b.vi of IEEE 1149.1-1990)

The manufacturer’s identification code for Micronas is “6C”

. The general implementation scheme uses

(hex)

only the 7 LSBs and excludes the MSB, which is the parity bit. The part numbers are defined in Table 6–2 on page 71. The version code starts from “1”

(hex)

and changes with every revision. The version number relates to changes of the chip interface only.

2.17.4.7. Performance

(Section 12.3.1.b.vii of IEEE 1149.1-1990)

See section “Specification” for further information.

Version Part Number Manufacturer ID

31 28 27 12 11 1 0

2335x0d9

Fig. 2–42: Device identification register

10001001100110101xxxx00001101 001

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

TAP State Transitions

Test-Logic-Reset

Run / Idle

TDO could be used as programmable output pin or LLC2 clock signal (see Pin Description).

Select Data Reg

Capture DR

Shift DR

Exit1 DR

Select Instr. Reg

Capture IR

Shift IR

Exit1 IR

State Code

TDO inactive

TDO active

TMS=1 TMS=1

State transitions are dependend on the value of TMS, synchronized by TCK.

Pause DR

Exit2 DR

Update DR

TMS=0 TMS=0

Pause IR

Exit2 IR

Update IR

Fig. 2–43: TAP state transitions

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––************************************************************* –– –– This is the BSDL for the 44-Pin Version of the VPXE design. –– ––*************************************************************

Library IEEE; Use work.STD_1149_1_1990.ALL;

Entity VPXE_44 is Generic (Physical_Pin_Map:string := ”UNDEFINED”);

Port( ––define ports

TDI,TCK,TMS: in bit; TDO,HREF,VREF,FIELD: out bit; A: out bit_vector(7 downto 0); PVDD,PVSS: linkage bit; PIXCLK: out bit; OEQ: in bit; LLC, VACT: out bit; B: out bit_vector(7 downto 0); SDA,SCL: inout bit; VSS,XTAL2,XTAL1,VDD: linkage bit; RESQ: in bit; AVDD,AVSS,VRT,ISGND: linkage bit; CIN,VIN1,VIN2,VIN3: in bit

);

VPX 322xE

Attribute Pin_Map of VPXE_44 : Entity is Physical_Pin_Map;

constant Package_44 : Pin_Map_String := ––map pins to signals

”TDI : 1 ” & ”TCK : 2 ” & ”TDO : 3 ” & ”HREF : 4 ” & ”VREF : 5 ” & ”FIELD : 6 ” & ”A : (7,8,9,10,14,15,16,17)” & ”PVDD : 11 ” & ”PIXCLK : 12 ” & ”PVSS : 13 ” & ”OEQ : 18 ” & ”LLC : 19 ” & ”VACT : 20 ” & ”B : (21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28),” & ”SDA : 29 ” & ”SCL : 30 ” & ”RESQ : 31 ” & ”VSS : 32 ” & ”VDD : 33 ” & ”XTAL2 : 34 ” & ”XTAL1 : 35 ” & ”AVDD : 36 ” & ”CIN : 37 ” & ”AVSS : 38 ” & ”VIN1 : 39 ” & ”VIN2 : 40 ” & ”VRT : 41 ” & ”VIN3 : 42 ” & ”ISGND : 43 ” & ”TMS : 44 ” ;

Attribute Tap_Scan_In of TDI : signal is true; ––define JTAG Controls Attribute Tap_Scan_Mode of TMS : signal is true; Attribute Tap_Scan_Out of TDO : signal is true; Attribute Tap_Scan_Clock of TCK : signal is (10.0e6,Both); ––max frequency and levels TCK can be stopped at.

Attribute Instruction_Length of VPXE_44: entity is 3; ––define instr. length

Attribute Instruction_Opcode of VPXE_44: entity is

”EXTEST (000),” & ––External Test

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VPX 322xE

”SAMPLE (001),” & ––Sample/Preload ”IDCODE (010),” & ––ID Code ”MASTERMODE (011),” & ––Master Mode (internal Test) ”HIGHZ (100),” & –– Highz ”CLAMP” (110),” & –– Clamp ”BYPASS (100,101,110,111),”; ––Bypass

Attribute Register_Access of VPXE_44: entity is ––instr. vs register

”BOUNDARY (EXTEST,SAMPLE),” & ––control ”BYPASS (BYPASS, HIGHZ, CLAMP),” & ”IDCODE[32] (IDCODE),” & ”MASTERMODE[8] (MASTERMODE) ”;

Attribute INSTRUCTION_Capture of VPXE_44: entity is ”101”; ––captured instr.

Attribute IDCODE_Register of VPXE_44: entity is

”0001” & ––initial rev ”0011001101010000” & ––part numb. 3350 ”0000” & ––7F Count ”1101100” & ––Micronas Code-Parity ”1”; ––Mandatory LSB

Attribute Boundary_Cells of VPXE_44: entity is ”BC_1,BC_4”; –-BC_1 for output cell

––BC_4 for input cell

ADVANCE INFORMATION

Attribute Boundary_Length of VPXE_44: entity is 38; ––Boundary scan length

Attribute Boundary_Register of VPXE_44: entity is ––Boundary scan defin.

–– num cell port function safe ccel disval rslt

” 37 (BC_4, VIN3, input, X ),” & ” 36 (BC_4, VIN2, input, X ),” & ” 35 (BC_4, VIN1, input, X ),” & ” 34 (BC_4, CIN, input, X ),” & ” 33 (BC_1, *, internal, X ),” & ––low power mode ” 32 (BC_4, RESQ, input, X ),” & ” 31 (BC_4, SCL, input, X ),” & ” 30 (BC_1, SCL, output3, X, 30, 1, Z ),” & ––open collector ” 29 (BC_4, SDA, input, X ),” & ” 28 (BC_1, SDA, output3, X, 28, 1, Z ),” & ––open collector ” 27 (BC_1, B(0), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 26 (BC_1, B(1), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 25 (BC_1, B(2), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 24 (BC_1, B(3), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 23 (BC_1, B(4), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 22 (BC_1, B(5), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 21 (BC_1, B(6), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 20 (BC_1, B(7), output3, X, 19, 1, Z ),” & ” 19 (BC_1, *, control, X ),” & ––control ” 18 (BC_1, VACT, output3, X, 16, 1, Z ),” & ” 17 (BC_1, LLC, output3, X, 16, 1, Z ),” & ” 16 (BC_1, *, control, X ),” & ––control ” 15 (BC_4, OEQ, input, X ),” & ” 14 (BC_1, A(0), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 13 (BC_1, A(1), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 12 (BC_1, A(2), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 11 (BC_1, A(3), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 10 (BC_1, *, control, X ),” & ––control ” 9 (BC_1, PIXCLK,output3, X, 10, 1, Z ),” & ” 8 (BC_1, *, control, X ),” & ––control ” 7 (BC_1, A(4), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 6 (BC_1, A(5), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 5 (BC_1, A(6), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 4 (BC_1, A(7), output3, X, 8, 1, Z ),” & ” 3 (BC_1, *, control, X, , 1, Z ),” & ––control ” 2 (BC_1, FIELD, output3, X, 3, 1, Z ),” & ” 1 (BC_1, VREF, output3, X, 16, 1, Z ),” & ” 0 (BC_1, HREF, output3, X, 16, 1, Z ),”;

End VPXE_44;

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VPX 322xE

2.18. Enable/Disable of Output Signals

In order to enable the output pins of the VPX to achieve the high impedance/tristate mode, various controls have been implemented. The following paragraphs give an overview of the different tristate modes of the output signals. It is valid for all output pins, except the XTAL2 (which is the oscillator output) and the VRT pin (which is an analog reference voltage).

BS (Boundary Scan) Mode:

The tristate control by the test access port TAP for boundary scan has the highest priority. Even if the TAPcontroller is in the EXTEST or CLAMP mode, the tristate behavior is only defined by the state of the different boundary scan registers for enable control. If the TAP controller is in HIGHZ mode, then all output pins are in tristate mode independently of the state of the different boundary scan registers for enable control.

RESET State:

If the TAP-controller is not in the EXTEST mode, then the RESET-state defines the state of all digital outputs. The only exception is made for the data output of the boundary scan interface TDO. If the circuit is in reset condition (RES

= 0), then all output interfaces are in tristate mode.

C Control:

The tristate condition of groups of signals can also be controlled by setting the I

C-Register 0xF2. If the circuit

is neither in EXTEST mode nor RESET state, then the

C-Register 0xF2 defines whether the output is in tris-

tate condition or not (see “I

C-Registers VPX Back-

end”).

Output Enable Input OE

The output enable signal OE

only effects the video output ports. If the previous three conditions do not cause the output drivers to go into high impedance mode, then the OE

signal defines the driving conditions of the video

data ports.

The OE 0xF2 [oeq_dis]. The OE

pin function can be disabled via I2C register

signal will either directly connect the output drivers or it will be latched internally with the LLC signal depending on I

C register 0xF2 [latoeq].

Additionally, a delay of 1 LLC clock cycle can be enabled

with I

C register 0xF2 [oeqdel].

Table 2–16: Output driver configuration

EXTEST RESET I2C OE# Driver Stages

active – – – Output driver stages are defined by the state of the different

boundary scan enable registers.

inactive active – – Output drivers are in high impedance mode.

inactive inactive = 0 – Output drivers are in high impedance mode. PIXCLK is working.

inactive inactive = 1 = 0 Output drivers HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, are working.

Outputs A[7:0] and B[7:0] are working

inactive inactive = 1 = 1 Output drivers HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, are working.

Output drivers of A[7:0] and B[7:0] are in high impedance mode.

Remark: EXTEST mode is an instruction conforming to the standard for Boundary Scan Test IEEE 1149.1 – 1990

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VPX 322xE

3. Specification

3.1. Outline Dimensions

ADVANCE INFORMATION

x 45 °1.1

±0.05

1.9

±0.1

4.05

±0.15

4.75

0.12±

17.52

140

1.6 5

2818

0.12±

17.52

Fig. 3–1:

44-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Package

(PLCC44)

Weight approximately 2.5 g Dimensions in mm

0.06±

0.17

2333

0.06±

0.48

0.05±

0.04± 0.71

0.28

0.1

0.2±

0.9

0.3±

15.7

0.1±

16.5

10 x 0.8 = 8

0.8

10 x 1.27 = 12.7

1.27

0.1±

8.6

16.5

0.1±

1.2 x 45°

0.1±

1.27

10 x 1.27 = 12.7

0.1±

SPGS0027-2(P44/K)/1E

0.2±

13.2

1.75

1.3

0.2±

13.2

2.15

Fig. 3–2:

44-Pin Plastic Metric Quad Flat Pack

(PMQFP44)

Weight approx. 0.4 g Dimensions in mm

0.1±

0.075±

0.375

0.1±

2.0

0.1

0.2±

0.1±

0.8

10 x 0.8 = 8

SPGS0006-3(P44)/1E

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3.2. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions

NC = not connected; leave vacant LV = if not used, leave vacant X = obligatory

Pin No. Pin Name Pin Type Connection Short Description

PLCC44 PMQFP44 (if not used)

1 39 TDI IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Data Input

2 38 TCK IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Clock Input

VPX 322xE

3 37 TDO

LLC2 DACT

4 36 HREF OUT NC Horizontal Reference Output

5 35 VREF OUT NC Vertical Reference Output

6 34 FIELD OUT NC Odd/Even Field Identifier Output

7 33 A7 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

8 32 A6 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

9 31 A5 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

10 30 A4 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

11 29 PVDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage Pad Circuits

12 28 PIXCLK OUT NC Pixel Clock Output

13 27 PVSS SUPPLY X Ground, Pad Circuits

14 26 A3 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

15 25 A2 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

OUT NC Boundary-Scan-Test Data Output

LLC / 2 = 13.5 MHz Output Active VBI Data Qualifier Output

16 24 A1 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

17 23 A0 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output

18 22 OE IN VSS Output Ports Enable Input

19 21 LLC OUT NC PIXCLK * 2 = 27 MHz Output

20 20 VACT OUT NC Active Video Qualifier Output

21 19 B7 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

22 18 B6 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

23 17 B5 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

24 16 B4 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

25 15 B3 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

26 14 B2 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

27 13 B1 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

28 12 B0 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output

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Pin Connections and Short Descriptions, continued

Pin No. Pin Name Pin Type Connection Short Description

PLCC44 PMQFP44 (if not used)

29 11 SDA IN/OUT NC I2C Bus Data

30 10 SCL IN/OUT NC I2C Bus Clock

31 9 RES IN X Reset Input

32 8 VSS SUPPLY X Ground, Digital Circuitry

33 7 VDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage, Digital Circuitry

34 6 XTAL2 OSC OUT X Analog Crystal Output

35 5 XTAL1 OSC IN X Analog Crystal Input

36 4 AVDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage, Analog Circuitry

37 3 CIN AIN NC Analog Chroma Input

ADVANCE INFORMATION

38 2 AVSS SUPPLY X Ground, Analog Circuitry

39 1 VIN1 AIN NC Analog Video 1 Input

40 44 VIN2 AIN NC Analog Video 2 Input

41 43 VRT Reference X Reference Voltage Top, Video ADC

42 42 VIN3 AIN NC Analog Video 3 Input

43 41 ISGND SUPPLY X Signal Ground, Analog Video Inputs

44 40 TMS IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Mode Select

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3.3. Pin Descriptions

Pins 44, 1 – JTAG Input Pins, TMS, TDI (Fig. 3–6) Test Mode Select and Test Data Input signals of the JTAG Test Access Port (TAP). Both signals are inputs with a TTL compatible input specification. To comply with JTAG specification they use pull-ups at their input stage. The input stage of the TMS and TDI uses a TTL Schmitt Trigger.

Pin 2 – JTAG Input Pin, TCK (Fig. 3–5) Clock signal of the Test-Access Port. It is used to synchronize all JTAG functions. When JTAG operations are not being performed, this pin should be driven to VSS. The input stage of the TCK uses a TTL Schmitt Trigger.

Pin 3 – JTAG Output Pin, TDO, LLC2, DACT (Fig. 3–8) Data output for JTAG Test Access Port (TAP). Moreover if Test Access Port (TAP) is in Test-Logic-Reset State, this pin can be used as output pin of the LLC2 clock sig-

nal (I

C Reg. 0xF2 bit[4] = 1). Or it can be used as output

pin for the active VBI-Data signal DACT (see section

2.14.).

Pins 4 to 6 – Reference Signals, HREF, VREF, FIELD (Fig. 3–8) These signals are internally generated sync signals. The state of FIELD during the positive edge of RES

selects

the power up mode (see section 2.16.1.).

Pins 7 to 10, 14 to 17 – Video, Port A[7:0] (Fig. 3–8) Video output port to deliver luma and/or chroma data.

Pin 11 – Supply Voltage (Pad Circuitry), PVDD

Pins 12, 19 – Pixel Clock, PIXCLK, LLC (Fig. 3–8) PIXCLK and LLC are the reference clock signals for the video data transmission ports A[7:0] and B[7:0].

Pin 13 – Ground (Pad Circuitry), PVSS

Pin 18 – Output Enable Input Signal, OE

(Fig. 3–5) The output enable input signal has TTL Schmitt Trigger input characteristic. It controls the tri-state condition of both video ports. The state during the positive edge of RES

selects the I2C device address (see section

2.15.3.).

Pins 21 to 28 – Video, Port B[7:0] (Fig. 3–8) Video output port to deliver chroma data. In 8-bit modes Port B can be activated as programmable output (see section 2.7.3.).

Pin 29 – I This pin connects to the I

Pin 30 – I This pin connects to the I

Pin 31 – Reset Input, RES

C Bus Data, SDA (Fig. 3–7)

C Bus Clock, SCL (Fig. 3–7)

C bus data line.

C bus clock line.

(Fig. 3–5)

A low level on this pin resets the VPX 322xE.

Pin 32 – Ground (Digital Circuitry), VSS

Pin 33 – Supply Voltage (Digital Circuitry), VDD

Pins 34, 35 – Crystal Input and Output, XTAL1, XTAL2 (Fig. 3–10) These pins are connected to a 20.25 MHz crystal oscillator which is digitally tuned by integrated shunt capacitances. An external clock can be fed into XTAL1. In this case, clock frequency adjustment must be switched off.

Pin 36 – Supply Voltage (Analog Circuitry), AVDD

Pin 37 – Chroma Input, CIN (Fig. 3–14, Fig. 3–13) This pin is connected to the S-VHS chroma signal. A resistive divider is used to bias the input signal to the middle of the converter input range. CIN can only be connected to the chroma (Video 2) A/D converter. The signal must be AC-coupled.

Pin 38 – Ground (Analog Front-end), AVSS

Pins 39, 40, 42 – Video Input 1–3, VIN1–3 (Fig. 3–12) These are the analog video inputs. A CVBS, S-VHS luma signal is converted using the luma (Video 1) A/D converter. The VIN1 input can also be switched to the chroma (Video 2) ADC. The input signal must be ACcoupled.

Pin 41 – Reference Voltage Top, VRT (Fig. 3–11) Via this pin, the reference voltage for the A/D converters is decoupled. The pin is connected with 10 mF/47 nF to the Signal Ground Pin.

Pins 20 – Video Qualifier Output, VACT (Fig. 3–8) This pin delivers a signal which qualifies active video samples.

Pin 43 – Ground (Analog Signal Input), ISGND This is the high-quality ground reference for the video input signals.

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3.4. Pin Configuration

TDO (LLC2, DACT)

HREF

VREF

FIELD

TCK

ADVANCE INFORMATION

TDI

TMS

ISGND

VIN3

VRT

VIN2

PIXCLK

Fig. 3–3: 44-pin PLCC package.

A7 A6 A5 A4

PVDD

PVSS

A3 A2

A1 A0

6 5 4 3 2 1 44 43424140

7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E,

VPX 3224E

Top View

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

LLC

VACT

TDI

TMS

ISGND

VIN3

VRT

VIN2

39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29

TCK

TDO (DACT, LLC2)

HREF

VREF

FIELD

VIN1 AVSS CIN AVDD XTAL1 XTAL2 VDD VSS RES SCL

SDA

VIN1

AVSS

CIN

AVDD XTAL1 XTAL2

VDD

VSS

RES

SCL

SDA

Fig. 3–4: 44-pin PMQPF package

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23

VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E,

VPX 3224E

Top View

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24

LLC

VACT

A7 A6 A5 A4 PVDD PIXCLK PVSS A3 A2 A1 A0

44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34

50 Micronas

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

VPX 322xE

3.5. Pin Circuits

VDD

VSS

Fig. 3–5: TCK, OE, RES

PVDD

VDD

VSS

Fig. 3–6: TMS, TDI

PVDD

OUT Pin

PVSS

Fig. 3–8: A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, LLC, PIXCLK, VACT, TDO

VDD

RES

VSS

PVDD

FIELD Pin

VDD

VSS

Fig. 3–7: I2C Interface SDA, SCL

The characteristics of the Schmitt Triggers depend on the supply of VDD/VSS.

PVSS

Fig. 3–9: Reference Signal FIELD and wake-up selection LOWPOW on positve edge of RES

AVDD

XTAL2

0.5M

XTAL1

ECLK

AVSS

Fig. 3–10: Crystal Oscillator

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

AVDD

–

BIAS

Fig. 3–11: Reference Voltage VRT

VIN1

VIN2

VIN3

Fig. 3–12: Video Inputs ADC1

ADC Reference

AVSS

clamping

VRT

AVDD

To ADC1

AVSS

VIN1

CIN

Fig. 3–13: Video Inputs ADC2

VIN1, VIN2, VIN3, CIN

Fig. 3–14: Unselected Video Inputs

bias

VRT

off

AVDD

To ADC2

AVSS

52 Micronas

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

4. Electrical Characteristics

4.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings

VPX 322xE

Symbol Parameter Pin

Name

SUPA

SUPD

TOT MAX

Ambient Temperature 0 65 °C Storage Temperature –40 125 °C Junction Temperature 0 125 °C

Supply Voltage, all Supply Inputs –0.3 6 V

Power Dissipation due to package characterstics (PMQFP44)

VDD, PVDD, AVDD

Input Voltage of FIELD, TMS, TDI PVSS – 0.5 PVDD + 0.5

Input Voltage TCK PVSS – 0.5 6 V

Input Voltage SDA,

SCL

Signal Swing A[7:0],

B[7:0], PIXCLK, HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, TDO

Min. Max. Unit

–0.3 4 V

935 mW

VSS – 0.5 6 V

PVSS – 0.5 PVDD + 0.5

Maximum D | VSS – PVSS |

0.1 V Maximum D | VSS – AVSS | Maximum D | PVSS – AVSS |

External voltage exceeding PVDD+0.5 V should not be applied to these pins even when they are tri-stated.

Stresses beyond those listed in the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the “Recommended Operating Conditions/Characteristics” of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

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VPX 322xE

4.2. Recommended Operating Conditions

ADVANCE INFORMATION

Symbol Parameter Pin

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Name

SUPA

SUPD

SUPP

XTAL

could also be connected to the 5 V supply net; but for best performance, it is recommended to connect it to 3.3 V

Ambient Operating Temperature – 0 – 65 °C

Analog Supply Voltage AVDD 4.75 5.0 5.25 V

Digital Supply Voltage VDD 3.15 3.3 3.45 V

Pad Supply Voltage PVDD 3.15 3.6

Clock Frequency XTAL1/2 20.250 MHz

supply (see Section 7.5.)

4.2.1. Recommended Analog Video Input Conditions

Symbol Parameter Pin

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Name

VIN

Analog Input Voltage VIN1,

0 – 3.5 V VIN2, VIN3, CIN

Input Coupling Capacitor Video Inputs

VIN1, VIN2,

680 nF

VIN3

Input Coupling Capacitor

CIN 1 nF

Chroma Input

Recommended Drive Impedance VIN1,

75 100

VIN2, VIN3, CIN

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

SDA

4.2.2. Recommended I2C Conditions for Low Power Mode (see also section 4.3.5.)

(Timing diagram see Fig. 5–3 on page 64)

VPX 322xE

Symbol Parameter Pin

Name

SCL

I2C1

I2C2

I2C3

I2C4

I2C5

I2C6

IMIL

IMIH

I2C-BUS Input Low Voltage SCL,

I2C-BUS Input High Voltage

I2C-BUS Frequency SCL 100 kHz

I2C START Condition Setup Time SCL,

I2C STOP Condition Setup Time

I2C-Clock Low Pulse Time SCL 5000 ns

I2C-Clock High Pulse Time 5000 ns

I2C-Data Setup Time Before Rising Edge of Clock

SCL, SDA

I2C-Data Hold Time after Falling Edge of Clock

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

0.3 VDD

0.6 VDD

1200 ns

55 ns

4.2.3. Recommended Digital Inputs Levels of RES, OE, TCK, TMS, TDI

Symbol Parameter Pin

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Name

Input Voltage LOW RES,

–0.5 0 0.8 V

TCK, TMS, TDI

Input Voltage HIGH RES,

2.0 VDD 6 V

TCK

Input Voltage HIGH TDI,

2.0 PVDD PVDD +

TMS

0.3

55Micronas

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

4.2.4. Recommended Crystal Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Operating Ambient Temperature 0 – 65 °C

Parallel Resonance Frequency with Load Capacitance C

DfP/f

Accuracy of Adjustment – – ±20 ppm Frequency Temperature Drift – – ±30 ppm

Series Resistance – – 25

Shunt Capacitance 3 – 7 pF

Motional Capacitance 20 – 30 fF

Load Capacitance Recommendation

Lext

External Load Capacitance pins to Ground (PLCC44) (pin names: Xtal1 Xtal2)

DCO Characteristics

ICLoadmin

Effective Load Capacitance @ min. DCO-Position, Code 0, package: PLCC44

ICLoadrng

Effective Load Capacitance Range, DCO Codes from 0..255

= 13 pF

)

from

– 20.250000

– MHz

fundamental

– 4.7 – pF

4.3 pF

8.7 12.7 16.7 pF

Remarks on defining the External Load Capacitance:

External capacitors at each crystal pin to ground are required. They are necessary to tune the effective load capacitance of the PCBs to the required load capacitance (C lower the clock frequency results. The nominal free running frequency should match f

) of the crystal. The higher the capacitors, the

= 20.25 MHz. Due to

different layouts of customer PCBs, the matching capacitor size should be determined in the application. The suggested value is a figure based on experience with various PCB layouts. Tuning condition: Code DVCO Register = –720

Remarks on Pulling Range of DCO:

The pulling range of the DCO is a function of the used crystal and effective load capacitance of the IC (C + C

LoadBoard

1 + 0.5 * [ C f

= fP * –––––––––––––––––––––––

1 + 0.5 * [ C

Remarks on DCO Codes:

). The resulting frequency (fL) with an effective load capacitance of C

/ (C0 + CL ) ]

/ (C0 + C

Leff

) ]

Leff

= C

ICLoad

+ C

ICLoad

LoadBoard

The DCO hardware register has 8 bits; the FP control register uses a range of –2048...2047.

56 Micronas

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

VPX 322xE

4.3. Characteristics

at T

= 0 to 65 °C, V

= 60 °C, V

at T

SUPA

= 4.75 to 5.25 V, V

SUPA

= 5 V, V

SUPD

= 3.15 to 3.5 V, f = 20.25 MHz for min./max. values

SUPD

= 3.3 V, f = 20.25 MHz for typical values

4.3.1. Current Consumption

Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit

VSUPA

VSUPD

VSUPP

TOT

Current Consumption AVDD 50 mA

Current Consumption VDD 35 mA

Current Consumption PVDD application dependent mA

– – [email protected]

Total Power Dissipation, normal operation condition

Total Power Dissipation, low power mode AVDD, VDD, PVDD 0.1 W

AVDD, VDD, PVDD 0.420 W

75@5V

4.3.2. Characteristics, Reset

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

RES MIN

RES INT

Default Wake-up Selection (see timing diagram in section 5.1. on page 63)

RES MIN

RES Low Pulse to initiate an internal reset 50 ns xtal osc. is working Internal Reset Hold Time 3.2 µs xtal osc. is working

RES Low Pulse due to the time needed to discharge pin FIELD by the internal pulldown transistor for default selection (see schematic of fig. 3–9)

1 ms xtal osc. is working

C I

leak

LOAD

< 10 mA

(FIELD) < 50 pF

s-WU

h-WU

Setup Time of pin FIELD and OE to posedge of RES

Hold Time of pin FIELD and OE to posedge of RES

Pull-down current during RES = 0 at pin FIELD

Recommended Pull-up resistor to enforce a logical 1 to pin FIELD

20 ns

FIELD

= 3.3 V

4.3.3. XTAL Input Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

Startup1

Startup2

Clock Input Voltage, XTAL1 1.3 V

Oscillator Startup Time at VDD Slew-rate of 1 V / 1 µs (see section 5.1. on page 63)

Reset Hold Time after the Oscillator is active (see section 5.1. on page 63)

5.0

0.4 1.0 ms

capacitive coupling of XTAL1, XTAL 2 remains open

XTAL

Duty Cycle 50 %

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VPX 322xE

VIN2

1MHz

VIN1 VIN2

CIN DC-ramp

DC-Ramp

ADVANCE INFORMATION

4.3.4. Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs

Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

VRT

Reference Voltage Top VRT 2.5 2.61 2.72 V

10 mF/47 nF, 1 GW Probe

Luma – Path

VIN

Input Resistance VIN1,

Input Capacitance

VIN3

5 pF

Full Scale Input Voltage 1.86 1.93 2.0 V

Full Scale Input Voltage 0.5 0.6 0.7 V

Code clamp – DAC=0

min. AGC Gain

max. AGC Gain

AGC AGC step width 0.145 0.163 0.181 dB 6-bit resolution= 63 Steps

=1.5

DNL

VINCL

CL–LSB

DNL

ICL

AGC

ICL

sig

AGC Differential Non-Linearity ±0.5 LSB

– 2 dBr of max. AGC Gain

Input Clamping Level, CVBS 1.0 V Binary Level = 68 LSB

min. AGC Gain

Clamping DAC Resolution –16 15 steps 6 Bit – I–DAC, bipolar

Input Clamping Current per step 0.7 1 1.3

Clamping DAC Differential

±0.5 LSB

VIN

Non-Linearity

Clamping-Capacitance 680 – nF Coupling-Cap. @ Inputs

Chroma – Path

CIN

Input Resistance SVHS Chroma

CIN VIN1

1.4 2.0 2.6

VIN

CIN

CINDC

Input Capacitance CIN,

VIN1

Full Scale Input Voltage, Chroma CIN

Input Bias Level, SVHS Chroma

Binary Code for Open

5 pF

1.08 1.14 1.2 V

– 1.5 – V

128

Chroma Input

Dynamic Characteristics for all Video-Paths (Luma + Chroma)

BW Bandwidth VIN1

XTALK Crosstalk, any two video inputs

VIN3

THD Total Harmonic Distortion

10 14 MHz –2 dBr input signal level

–56 –48 dB 1 MHz, –2 dBr signal level

–48 –45 dB 1 MHz, 5 harmonics,

–2 dBr signal level

SINAD Signal to Noise and

Distortion Ratio

42 46 dB 1 MHz, all outputs,

–2 dBr signal level

INL Integral Non-Linearity, ±1.3 ±2.4 LSB Code Density,

DNL Differential Non-Linearity ±0.5 ±0.85 LSB DG Differential Gain ±3 % –12 dBr, 4.4 MHz signal on

DP Differential Phase 1.5 deg

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

4.3.5. Characteristics, Control Bus Interface

(Timing diagram see Fig. 5–3 on page 64)

VPX 322xE

Symbol Parameter Pin

Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

Name

IMOL

IMOL1

IMOL2

SCL

The maximum clock frequency of the I2C interface is limited to 100 kHz while the IC is working in the low power mode.

Output Low Voltage SDA,

SCL

I2C-Data Output Hold Time after

SDA 15 ns

Falling Edge of Clock SCL

I2C-Data Output Setup Time be-

SDA 100 ns f

fore Rising Edge of Clock SCL

Signal Fall Time SDA,

SCL

Clock Frequency

SCL 0 – 100

– – 0.4

0.6

V V

– – 300 ns C

kHz

1000

kHz

4.3.6. Characteristics, JTAG Interface (Test Access Port TAP)

(Timing diagram see Fig. 5–5 on page 66)

Il = 3 mA I

= 6 mA

= 1 MHz, VDD = 5 V

SCL

= 400 pF,

= 4.7 k

low power mode normal operating condition

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

CYCL-TAP

H-TAP

L-TAP

RES-TAP

JTAG Cycle Time 100 ns

TCK High Time 50 ns

TCK Low Time 50 ns

Minimum supply voltage to initiate an

3.0 V VDD pin internal reset of the JTAG-TAP generated by a voltage supply supervision circuit

Test Access Port (TAP), see timing diagram (Fig. 5–5 on page 66)

S-TAP

H-TAP

D-TAP

ON-TAP

OFF-TAP

TMS, TDI Setup Time 10 ns

TMS, TDI Hold Time 10 ns

TCK to TDO Propagation Delay

50 ns

for Valid Data

TDO Turn-on Delay 45 ns

TDO Turn-off Delay 45 ns

Boundary-Scan Test, Characteristics of all IO pins which are connected to the boundary scan register chain

S-PINS

H-PINS

Input Signals Setup Time at CAPTURE-DR 10 ns

Input Signals Hold Time at CAPTURE-DR 10 ns

D-PINS

ON-PINS

OFF-PINS

TCK to Output Signals,

50 ns

Delay for Valid Data

Turn-on Delay 20 ns

Turn-off Delay 20 ns

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

4.3.7. Characteristics, Digital Inputs/Outputs

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

Digital Input Pins TMS, TDI, TCK, RES, OE, SCL, SDA

Input Capacitance 5 8 pF

Input Leakage Current Input Pins TCK, RES

, OE, SCL, SDA

Input Leakage Current Input Pins with Pull-ups: TDI and TMS

Pull-down Current at Pin FIELD during RES

= 0 for Default Selection

–25 –55

see section 4.3.2.

–1 +1

VI = V VI≤V

Digital Output pins A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, PIXCLK, TDO

High-Impedance Output Capacitance 5 8 pF

Output Voltage LOW

0.6 V

(all digital output pins except SDA, SCL)

Output Voltage HIGH

2.4 – PVDD V

(all digital output pins except SDA, SCL)

Output Leakage Current

–1 +1

mA mA

while IC remains in low power mode V

= V

VI≤V

A special VDD, VSS supply is used only to support the digital output pins. This means, inherently, that in case of tri-state conditions, external sources should not drive these signals above the voltage PVDD which supplies the output pins.

4.3.8. Clock Signals PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2

The following timing specifications refer to the timing diagrams of section 5.7.1. on page 67.

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

LLC

LLC2

PIXCLK

HCLK1

DCLK1

HCLK2

DCLK2

LLC Cycle Time 37 ns

LLC Duty Cycle FH / (F

L +

)

50 %

LLC2 Cycle Time 74 ns

LLC2 Duty Cycle FH / (F

L +

)

50 %

PIXCLK Cycle Time 74 ns

PIXCLK Duty Cycle FH / (F

L +

)

50 %

Output Signal Hold Time for LLC2 0 ns

Propagation Delay for LLC2 10 ns

Output Signal Hold Time for PIXCLK 10 ns

Propagation Delay for PIXCLK 18 ns

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

VPX 322xE

4.3.9. Digital Video Interface

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

Data and Control Pins (LLC to A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT:

The following timing specifications refer to the timing diagrams of section 5.7. on page 67.

Output Hold Time 20 ns I2C Reg. h’AA –bit[6]=1

Propagation Delay 35 ns

New LLC output timing

Output Hold Time 8 ns I2C Reg. h’AA –bit[6]=0

Propagation Delay 23 ns

Output Enable by OE (For more information, see section 5.4. on page 65)

OFF

ON1

OFF1

Output Enable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 15 ns

Output Disable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 15 ns

Output Enable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 5 ns

Output Disable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 5 ns

OE input timing

input data set-up time 11 ns

input data hold time 3 ns

4.3.10. Characteristics, TTL Output Driver

Output Pins A[7:0], B[7:0], PIXCLK, LLC, VACT, HREF, VREF, FIELD, TDO/LLC2

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions

IOH(0) Output High Current (strength = 0) –2.25 mA VOH = 0.6 V

IOL(0) Output Low Current (strength = 0) 3.5 mA VOH = 2.4 V

IOH(7) Output High Current (strength = 7) –18 mA VOH = 0.6 V

IOL(7) Output Low Current (strength = 7) 28 mA VOH = 2.4 V

Rise Time 2 5 10 ns Cl = 30 pF, strength = 4

Fall Time 2 5 10 ns C

= 30 pF, strength = 4

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4.3.10.1. TTL Output Driver Description

ADVANCE INFORMATION

The driving capability/strength is controlled by the state of the two I

C registers F8

and F9

hex

A special PVDD, PVSS supply is used only to support the digital output pins. This means, inherently, that in case of tri-state conditions, external sources should not drive these signals above the voltage PVDD which supplies the output pins.

Rise times are specified as a transition between 0.6 V to

2.4 V. Fall times are defined as a transition between

2.4 V to 0.6 V.

strength = 7

strength w 6

strength w 5

strength w 4

strength w 3

strength w 2

strength w 1

strength w 0

Fig. 4–1: Block diagram of the output stages

Note: The drivers of the output pads are implemented

as a parallel connection of 8 tri-state buffers of the same size. The buffers are enabled depending on the desired driver strength. This opportunity offers the advantage of adapting the driver strength to on-chip and off-chip constraints, e.g. to minimize the noise resulting from steep signal transitions.

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VPX 322xE

5. Timing Diagrams

5.1. Power-Up Sequence

The reset should not reach high level before the oscillator has started. This requires a reset delay of >1 ms (see Fig.5–1).

Supplies

Crystal Oscillator

RES

Fig. 5–1: Power-up sequence

5.2. Default Wake-up Selection

The state of FIELD and OE (inactive) going edge of RES two power-on parameters. OE

pins are sampled at the high

in order to select between

determines the I2C ad-

dress.

95%

STARTUP1

RES

RES MIN

STARTUP2

IOH

IOL

The FIELD pin is internally pulled down. An external pullup resistor defines a different power on configuration. FIELD defines the global wake-up mode of the VPX. With FIELD pulled down, the VPX goes into low power mode.

FIELD OE

s-WU

h-WU

Fig. 5–2: Default wake-up selection

IOH

IOL

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5.3. Control Bus Timing Diagram

ADVANCE INFORMATION

(Data: MSB first)

SCL

I2C1

SDA as input

SDA as output

Fig. 5–3: I2C bus timing diagram

I2C6

I2C3

IMOL1

I2C2

I2C4

I2C5

IMOL2

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

5.4. Output Enable by Pin OE

VPX 322xE

OFF

Signals A[7:0], B[7:0]

Synchronizing the OE signal with clock LLC:

controlled by I

C register ’OENA’ h’f2 bit[5] oeqdel = 1

OFF1

latoeq = 0

Signals A[7:0], B[7:0]

ON1

latoeq = 1

Signals A[7:0], B[7:0]

Fig. 5–4: Drive Control by OE input

OFF1

ON1

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5.5. Timing of the Test Access Port TAP

TCK

L–TAP

CYCL

ADVANCE INFORMATION

H-TAP

S-TAP

H-TAP

TDI, TMS

D-TAP

ON-TAP

TDO

Fig. 5–5: Timing of Test Access Port TAP

5.6. Timing of all Pins connected to the Boundary-Scan-Register-Chain

TCK

S-PINS

H-PINS

OFF-TAP

Inputs

D-PINS

ON-PINS

Outputs

Fig. 5–6: Timing with respect to input and output signals

OFF-PINS

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

5.7. Timing Diagram of the Digital Video Interface

Clock Output LLC

A[7:0], B[7:0] HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT

Fig. 5–7: Video output interface (detailed timing)

VPX 322xE

LLC

2.4 V

1.5 V

0.6 V

2.4 V

1.5 V

0.6 V

5.7.1. Characteristics, Clock Signals

LLC

LLC2

PIXCLK

Fig. 5–8: Clocks: LLC, LLC2, PIXCLK (detailed timing)

HCLK1

DCLK1

HCLK2

DCLK2

LLC

2.4 V

1.5 V

HCLK1

DCLK1

HCLK2

DCLK2

0.6 V

2.4 V

1.5 V

0.6 V

2.4 V

1.5 V

0.6 V

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

6. Control and Status Registers

The following tables give definitions for the VPX control and status registers. The number of bits indicated for each register in the table is the number of bits implemented in the hardware, i.e. a 9-bit register must always be accessed using two data bytes, but the 7 MSB will be “0” on write operations and don’t care on read operations. Write registers that can be read back are indicated in the mode column.

The control register modes are – w write-only register

– r read-only register – w/r write/read register – d register is double latched – v register is latched with vsync

Default values are initialized at reset. The mnemonics used in the Micronas VPX demo software is given in the last column.

6.1. Overview

I2C-Registers

Address Hex

h’00 8 r Manufacture ID Chip Ident. JEDEC

h’01 h’02

h’03 8 r JEDEC2 Chip Ident. JEDEC2

h’35 8 r FP status FP Interface FPSTA

h’36 16 w FP read FP Interface FPRD

h’37 16 w FP write FP Interface FPWR

h’38 16 w/r FP data FP Interface FPDAT

h’AA 8 w/r Low power mode, LLC mode Output llc

h’AB 8 r read status of Port B Output bstatus

h’B3 8 r soft error counter Byte Slicer softerrcnt

h’B4 8 r sync status Sync Slicer sync_stat

h’B5 8 r hsync counter Sync Slicer sync_cnt

h’B6 8 r read filter coefficient Bit Slicer coeff_rd

h’B7 8 r read data slicer level Bit Slicer level_rd

h’B8 h’B9 h’BA

h’BB h’BC h’BD

h’C0 8 w soft slicer level Bit Slicer soft_slicer

h’C1 h’C2

h’C5 8 w filter coefficient Bit Slicer coeff

h’C6 8 w data slicer level Bit Slicer data_slicer

h’C7 8 w accumulator mode Bit Slicer accu

h’C8 8 w sync slicer level Sync Slicer sync_slicer

h’C9 8 w standard Byte Slicer standard

h’CE 8 w bit error tolerance Byte Slicer tolerance

h’CF 8 w byte count Byte Slicer byte_cnt

h’F2 8 w/r Output Enable Output oena

h’F8 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Type A Output driver_a

Number of Bits

8 8

8 8 8

8 8

Mode Function Group Name

r 16-bit part number Chip Ident. PARTNUM

w w w

w w

clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask high clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask mid clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask low

clock run-in and framing code reference high clock run-in and framing code reference mid clock run-in and framing code reference low

ttx bitslicer frequency LSB ttx bitslicer frequency MSB

Byte Slicer mask

Byte Slicer reference

Bit Slicer ttx_freq

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VPX 322xE

FP-RAM

Address Hex

h’F9 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Type B Output driver_b

h’12 12 w/r general purpose control Status gp_ctrl

h’13 12 r standard recognition status Status asr

h’15 12 r vertical field counter Status vcnt

h’20 12 w/r Standard select Stand. Sel. sdt

h’21 12 w/r Input select Stand. Sel. insel

h’22 12 w/r start point of active video Stand. Sel. sfif

h’23 12 w/r luma/chroma delay adjust Stand. Sel. ldly

h’28 12 w/r Comb filter control register Comb Filter comb_uc

h’30 12 w/r Saturation control Color Proc. acc_sat

h’36 12 r measured burst amplitude Status bampl

h’39 12 w/r amplitude killer level Color Proc. kilvl

h’3A 12 w/r amplitude killer hysteresis Color Proc. kilhy

h’74 12 r measured sync amplitude value Status sampl

h’CB 12 r number of lines per field, P/S: 312, N: 262 Status nlpf h’DC 12 w/r NTSC tint angle, $512 = $π/4 Color Proc. tint

h’F0 12 r software version number Status version

h’F7 12 w/r crystal oscillator line-locked mode, DVCO xlck

h’F8 12 w/r crystal oscillator center frequency adjust DVCO dvco

h’F9 12 r crystal oscillator center frequency adjustment value DVCO adjust

h’10F 12 r Delay of VACT relative to HREF during window 1 ReadTab1 vact_dly1

h’11F 12 r Delay of VACT relative to HREF during window 2 ReadTab2 vact_dly2

h’120 12 w/r Vertical Begin WinLoadTab1 vbegin1

h’121 12 w/r Vertical Lines In / Temporal Decimation / Field Select WinLoadTab1 vlinesin1

h’122 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out WinLoadTab1 vlinesout1

h’123 12 w/r Horizontal Begin WinLoadTab1 hbeg1

h’124 12 w/r Horizontal Length WinLoadTab1 hlen1

h’125 12 w/r Number of Pixels WinLoadTab1 npix1

h’126 12 w/r Selection for peaking / coring WinLoadTab1 peaking1

h’127 12 w/r Brightness WinLoadTab1 brightness1

h’128 12 w/r Contrast / Noise shaping / Clamping WinLoadTab1 contrast1

h’12A 12 w/r Vertical Begin WinLoadTab2 vbegin2

h’12B 12 w/r Vertical Lines In WinLoadTab2 vlinesin2

h’12C 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out WinLoadTab2 vlinesout2

h’12D 12 w/r Horizontal Begin WinLoadTab2 hbeg2

h’12E 12 w/r Horizontal Length WinLoadTab2 hlen2

h’12F 12 w/r Number of Pixels WinLoadTab2 npix2

h’130 12 w/r Selection for peaking / coring WinLoadTab2 peaking2

h’131 12 w/r Brightness WinLoadTab2 brightness2

h’132 12 w/r Contrast WinLoadTab2 contrast2

h’134 12 w/r Start line even field VBI-window start_even

Number of Bits

Mode Function Group Name

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM

Address Hex

h’135 12 w/r End line even field VBI-window end_even

h’136 12 w/r Start line odd field VBI-window start_odd

h’137 12 w/r End line odd field VBI-window end_odd

h’138 12 w/r Control VBI-Window VBI-window vbicontrol

h’139 12 w/r Slicer Data Size VBI-window slsize

h’140 12 w/r Register for control and latching ControlWord

h’141 12 r Internal status register, do not overwrite InfoWord

h’150 12 w/r Format Selection / Shuffler / PIXCLK-mode Formatter format_sel

h’151 12 w/r Start position of the programmable ‘video active’ HVREF pval_start

h’152 12 w/r End position of the programmable ‘video active’ HVREF pval_stop

h’153 12 w/r Length and polarity of HREF, VREF, FIELD HVREF refsig

h’154 12 w/r Output Multiplexer / Multi-purpose output Output Mux. outmux

h’157 12 w/r Number of frames to output within 3000 frames Temp. Decim. tdecframes

h’158 12 w/r Enable automatic standard recognition ASR asr_enable

h’15e 12 w/r Status of automatic standard recognition ASR asr_status

h’170 12 r Status of macrovision detection Macrovision mcv_status

h’171 12 w first line of macrovision detection window Macrovision mcv_start

h’172 12 w last line of macrovision detection window Macrovision mcv_stop

of Bits

NameGroupFunctionModeNumber

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

6.1.1. Description of I2C Control and Status Registers

VPX 322xE

Table 6–1: I

Address Hex

h’35 8 r FP status

h’36 16 w FP read

h’37 16 w FP write

h’38 16 w/r FP data

C-Registers VPX Front-End

Number of bits

Mode Function Default Name

bit[0] write request bit[1] read request bit[2] busy

bit[8:0] 9-bit FP read address bit[11:9] reserved, set to zero

bit[8:0] 9-bit FP write address bit[11:9] reserved, set to zero

bit[11:0] FP data register, reading/writing to this

I2C-Registers VPX Front-End

FP Interface

FPSTA

FPRD

FPWR

FPDAT

C telegram.

Table 6–2: I2C-Registers VPX Back-End

I2C-Registers VPX Back-End

Address Hex

Number of Bits

Mode Function Default Name

Chip Identification

h’00 8 r Manufacture ID in accordance with

h’01 h’02

h’03 8 r JEDEC2 JEDEC2

8 8

r r

JEDEC Solid State Products Engineering Council, Washington DC Micronas Code EC

16 bit part number (01: LSBs, 02: MSBs) VPX 3226E 3350 VPX 3225E 3352 VPX 3224E 3353

bit[0] : IFIELD ifield

bit[7:1] : reserved (must be treated don’t care)

hex

hex hex hex

;

JEDEC

PARTNUM partlow parthigh

Output

h’F8 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Typ A DRIVER_A

bit[2:0] : Driver strength of Port A[7:0] stra1

bit[5:3] : Driver strength of PIXCLK, LLC, and VACT stra2

bit[7:6] : additional PIXCLK driver strength

strength = bit[5:3] | {bit[7:6], 0}

stra3

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

I2C-Registers VPX Back-End

Address Hex

h’F9 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Typ B DRIVER_B

h’F2 8 w/r Output Enable OENA

of Bits

bit[2:0] : Driver strength of Port B[7:0] strb1

bit[5:3] : Driver strength of HREF, VREF, FIELD, and LLC2 strb2

bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero)

bit[0] : 1 Enable Video Port A

0 Disable / High Impedance Mode

bit[1] : 1 Enable Video Port B

0 Disable / High Impedance Mode

bit[2] : 1 Enable Pixclk Output

0 Disable / High Impedance Mode

bit[3] : 1 Enable HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, LLC2

0 Disable / High Impedance Mode

bit[4] 1 Enable LLC2 to TDO pin

(if JTAG interface is in Test-Logic-Reset State)

0 Disable LLC2

bit[5] : 1 no delay of OEQ input signal

0 1 LLC cycle delay of OEQ input signal (if bit [6] = 1)

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

aen

ben

clken

zen

llc2en

oeqdel

bit[6] : 1 latch OEQ input signal with rising edge of LLC

bit[7] : 1 disable OE pin function oeq_dis

h’AA 8 w/r Low power mode, LLC mode LLC

bit[1:0] : Low power mode

bit[2] : I2C reset iresen

bit[3] : 1 connect LLC2 to TDO pin

bit[4] : if bit[3] then bit[4] defines LLC2 polarity

bit[5] : switch-off slicer

bit[6] : 1 use old llc timing with long hold time

bit[7] : reserved (must be set to zero)

h’AB 8 r bit[7:0] : status of Port B bstatus

0 don’t latch OE

00 active mode, outputs enabled 01 outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 2, I 10 outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 4, I2C full speed 11 outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 8, I

0 connect bit[4] to TDO pin

else bit[4] is connected to TDO pin

(if slowpow = 1 then all slicer registers are reset).

0 use new llc timing with shorter hold time

input signal

C full speed

C < 100 kbit/s

latoeq

lowpow

llc2

llc2_pol

slowpow

oldllc

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

Table 6–3: I2C-Registers VPX Slicer

VPX 322xE

I2C-Registers VPX Slicer

Address Hex

Number of bits

Mode Function Default Name

Sync Slicer (of Data Slicer only)

h’C8 8 w sync slicer

h’B4 8 r sync status

h’B5 8 r hsync counter

h’C0 8 w soft slicer

h’C1 h’C2

8 8

w w

bit[6:0] : binary sync slicer level is compared with binary data

(0 ≤ data ≤ 127)

bit[7] : 0 vertical sync window enable

1 vertical sync window disable

bit[5:0] : reserved (must be read don’t care) bit[6] : 0 vert. window reset at line 624/524 (PAL/NTSC)

1 vert. retrace set at line 628/528 (PAL/NTSC)

bit[7] : 0 field 2 reset at line 313/263 (PAL/NTSC)

1 field 1 set at line 624/524 (PAL/NTSC)

bit[7:0] : number of detected horizontal sync pulses per frame / 4

sync is detected within horizontal window of HPLL counter is latched with vertical sync the register can be read at any time

bit[6:0] : binary soft slicer level is compared with ABS[data]

(–128 ≤data ≤+127)

bit[7] : reserved (must be set to zero)

ttx bitslicer frequency LSB ttx bitslicer frequency MSB bit[10:0] : Freq = 2

bit[11] : 0 phase inc = Freq

1 phase inc = Freq*(1+1/8) before framing code

bit[15:12] : reserved (must be set to zero)

Bit Slicer

* bitfreq / 20.25MHz = 702 for WST PAL = 579 for WST NTSC or NABTS = 506 for VPS or WSS = 102 for CAPTION = 627 for Antiope = 183 for Time Code

phase inc = Freq*(1+1/16) after framing code

702

sync_slicer sync_level

vsw

sync_stat

vwin

field

sync_cnt

soft_slicer soft_level

ttx_freql ttx_freqh ttx_freq

ttx_phinc

h’C5 8 w filter coefficient

bit[5:0] : high pass filter coefficient in 2’s complement

100000 = not allowed 100001 = -31 000000 = 0 011111 = +31

bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero)

h’C6 8 w data slicer

bit[7:0] : binary data slicer level is compared with ABS[data]

(–128 ≤ data ≤ +127)

filter coeff

data_slicer data_level

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

I2C-Registers VPX Slicer

Address Hex

h’C7 8 w accumulator mode

h’B6 8 r read filter coefficient coeff_rd

h’B7 8 r read data slicer level level_rd

of bits

bit[0] : 0 no action

1 reset DC and AC and FLT accu (one shot)

bit[1] : 0 DC accu enable

1 DC accu disable

bit[2] : 0 AC and FLT accu enable

1 AC and FLT accu disable

(only for VPS and CAPTION and WSS line)

bit[3] : 0 soft error correction enable

1 soft error correction disable

bit[4] : 0 ac adaption disable

1 ac adaption enable

bit[5] : 0 flt adaption disable

1 flt adaption enable

bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero)

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

accu reset

dcen

acen

soften

acaden

fltaden

Byte Slicer

h’B3 8 r soft error counter

bit[7:0] : counts number of soft error corrected bytes

counter stops at 255 reset after read

h’C9 8 w standard

bit[0] : 0 TTX disable

1 TTX enable

bit[1] : 0 PAL mode

1 NTSC mode

bit[2] : 0 full field disable

1 full field enable

bit[3] : 0 VPS line 16 disable

1 VPS line 16 enable

bit[4] : 0 WSS line 23 disable

1 WSS line 23 enable

bit[5] : 0 CAPTION line 21 field 1 disable

1 CAPTION line 21 field 1 enable

bit[6] : 0 CAPTION line 21 field 2 disable

1 CAPTION line 21 field 2 enable

bit[7] : 0 horizontal quit signal enable

1 horizontal quit signal disable

soft_cnt

standard ttx

ntsc

full

vps

wss

caption1

caption2

disquit

h’BD h’BC h’BB

h’BA h’B9 h’B8

h’CE 8 w bit error tolerance

h’CF 8 w output mode

8 8 8

w w w

clock run-in and framing code reference low clock run-in and framing code reference mid clock run-in and framing code reference high bit[23:0] : clock run-in and framing code reference

(LSB corresponds to first transmitted bit)

clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask low clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask mid clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask high bit[23:0] : clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask

(LSB corresponds to first transmitted bit)

bit[1:0] : maximum number of bit errors in low mask bit[3:2] : maximum number of bit errors in mid mask bit[5:4] : maximum number of bit errors in high mask bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero)

bit[5:0] : number of data bytes per text line including framing code bit[6] : 0 64 byte mode disable

1 64 byte mode enable

bit[7] : 0 data output only for text lines

1 data output for every video line

h’55 h’55 h’27

h’00 h’00 h’00

1 1 1

43 1

reference

mask

tolerance

out_mode byte_cnt fill64

dump

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

6.1.2. Description of FP Control and Status Registers

Table 6–4: FP-RAM VPX Front-End

FP-RAM VPX Front-End

VPX 322xE

Address Hex

Number of Bits

Mode Function Default Name

Standard Selection

h’20 12 w/r Standard select:

h’158 12 w/r Enable automatic standard recognition

bit[2:0] standard

0 PAL B,G,H,I (50 Hz) 4.433618 1 NTSC M (60 Hz) 3.579545 2 SECAM (50 Hz) 4.286 3 NTSC44 (60 Hz) 4.433618 4 PAL M (60 Hz) 3.575611 5 PAL N (50 Hz) 3.582056 6 PAL 60 (60 Hz) 4.433618 7 NTSC COMB (60 Hz) 3.579545

bit[3] 0/1 MOD standard modifier

PAL modified to simple PAL NTSC modified to compensated NTSC SECAM modified to monochrome 625

NTSCC modified to monochrome 525 bit[4] reserved; must be set to zero bit[5] 4H Comb mode bit[6] 0/1 S-VHS mode off/on

Option bits allow to suppress parts of the initialization:

bit[7] no hpll setup bit[8] no vertical setup bit[9] no acc setup bit[10] reserved, set to zero

bit[11] status bit, write 0. After the FP has switched to a

new standard, this bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete.

bit[0] 0/1 PAL B,G,H,I (50 Hz) 4.433618 bit[1] 0/1 NTSC M (60 Hz) 3.579545 bit[2] 0/1 SECAM (50 Hz) 4.286 bit[3] 0/1 NTSC44 (60 Hz) 4.433618 bit[4] 0/1 PAL M (60 Hz) 3.575611 bit[5] 0/1 PAL N (50 Hz) 3.582056 bit[6] 0/1 PAL 60 (60 Hz) 4.433618

sdt pal ntsc secam ntsc44 palm paln pal60 ntscc sdtmod

comb svhs

sdtopt

0 asr_enable

0: disable recognition; 1: enable recognition

Note: For correct operation, do not change FP registers 20h and 21h while ASR is enabled.

h’15e 12 r Status of automatic standard recognition

bit[0] 1 error of the vertical standard

(neither 50 nor 60 Hz) bit[1] 1 detected standard is disabled bit[2] 1 search active bit[3] 1 search terminated, but failed bit[4] 1 no color found

bit[4:0] 00000 all ok

00001 search not started, because vwin error

detected (no input or SECAM L)

00010 search not started because vertical

standard not enabled

0x1x0 search started and still active 01x00 search failed (found standard not correct) 01x10 search failed (detected standard

not enabled)

10x00 no color found (monochrome input signal or

switch between CVBS ↔ SVHS necessary)

0 asr_status

vwinerr

disabled busy failed no color

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Front-End

Address Hex

h’21 12 w/r Input select: Writing to this register will also initialize the standard.

h’22 12 w/r picture start position, This register sets the start point of active vid-

of Bits

bit[1:0] luma selector

00 VIN3 01 VIN2 10 VIN1 11 reserved

bit[2] chroma selector

0/1 VIN1/CIN

bit[4:3] IF compensation

00 off 01 6 dB/Okt 10 12 dB/Okt 11 10 dB/MHz only for SECAM

bit[6:5] chroma bandwidth selector

00 narrow 01 normal 10 broad

11 wide bit[7] 0/1 adaptive/fixed SECAM notch filter bit[8] 0/1 enable luma lowpass filter bit[10:9] hpll speed

00 no change

01 terrestrial

10 vcr

11 mixed bit[11] status bit, write 0; This bit is set to 1 to indicate

operation complete.

eo. This can be used e.g. for panning. The setting is updated when ’sdt’ register is updated

insel

0 0 3

0 sfif

vis

cis

ifc

cbw

fntch lowp hpllmd

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

h’23 12 w/r luma/chroma delay adjust, The setting is updated when ’sdt’ register

is updated bit[5:0] reserved, set to zero bit[11:6] luma delay in clocks, allowed range is +1 ... –7

Comb Filter

h’28 12 w/r comb filter control register

bit[1:0] notch filter select

00 flat frequency characteristic

01 min. peaked

10 med. peaked

11 max. peaked bit[3:2] diagonal dot reduction

00 min. reduction

11 max. reduction bit[4:5] horizontal difference gain

00 min. gain

11 max. gain bit[7:6] vertical difference gain

00 max. gain

11 min. gain bit[11:8] vertical peaking gain

0 no vertical peaking

15 max. vertical peaking

h’55 12 w/r comb filter test register

bit[1:0] reserved, set ot 0 bit[2] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking

DC rejection filter

bit[3] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking

coring

bit[11:4] reserved, set to 0

0 ldly

h’e7 3

comb_uc nosel

ddr

hdg

vdg

vpk

misc_cmb_tst

dcr

cor

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

VPX 322xE

FP-RAM VPX Front-End

Address Hex

of Bits

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

Color Processing

h’30 12 w/r Saturation control

bit[11:0] 0..4094 (2070 corresponds to 100% saturation)

4095 disabled (test mode only)

h’39 12 w/r amplitude killer level (0: killer disabled) 30 kilvl

h’3A 12 w/r amplitude killer hysteresis 10 kilhy h’DC 12 w/r NTSC tint angle, $512 = $π/4 0 tint

2070 acc_sat

DVCO

h’F8 12 w/r crystal oscillator center frequency adjust, –2048 ... 2047 –720 dvco

h’F9 12 r crystal oscillator center frequency adjustment value for line-locked

mode, true adjust value is DVCO – ADJUST. For factory crystal alignment, using standard video signal: set DVCO = 0, set lock mode, read crystal offset from ADJUST register and use negative value for initial center frequency adjustment via DVCO.

h’F7 12 w/r crystal oscillator line-locked mode, lock command/status

write: 100 enable lock

0 disable lock

read: 4095/0 locked/unlocked

h’b5 12 w crystal oscillator line-locked mode, autolock feature.

If autolock is enabled, crystal oscillator locking is started automatically. bit[11:0] threshold (0: autolock off)

0 xlck

400 autolock

adjust

FP Status Register

h’12 12 w/r general purpose control bits

h’13 12 r automatic standard recognition status

h’CB 12 r number of lines per field, P/S: 312, N: 262 nlpf

h’15 12 w/r vertical field counter, incremented per field vcnt

h’74 12 r measured sync amplitude value, nominal: 768 sampl

h’36 12 r measured burst amplitude bampl

h’F0 12 r software version number

bit[2:0] reserved, do not change bit[3] vertical standard force bit[8:4] reserved, do not change bit[9] disable flywheel interlace bit[11:10] reserved, do not change

to enable vertical free run mode set vfrc=1 and dflw=0

bit[0] 1 vertical lock bit[1] 1 horizontally locked bit[2] 1 no signal detected bit[3] 1 color amplitude killer active bit[4] 1 disable amplitude killer bit[5] 1 color ident killer active bit[6] 1 disable ident killer bit[7] 1 interlace detected bit[8] 1 no vertical sync detection bit[9] 1 spurious vertical sync detection bit[11:10] reserved

bit[7:0] internal software revision number bit[11:8] software release

gp_ctrl

vfrc

dflw

asr

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Front-End

Address Hex

of Bits

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

Macrovision Detection

h’170 12 r Status of macrovision detection mcv_status

bit[0]: AGC pulse detected

bit[1]: pseudo sync detected

h’171 12 w/r first line of macrovision detection window 6 mcv_start

h’172 12 w/r last line of macrovision detection window 15 mcv_stop

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

Table 6–5: FP-RAM VPX Back-End

VPX 322xE

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

Number of Bits

Mode Function Default Name

Read Table for Window #1

h’10f 12 r Position of VACT

bit[11:1]: Delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge of HREF vact_delay1

Load Table for Window #1 (WinLoadTab1)

h’120 12 w/r Vertical Begin 12

bit[8:0]: Vertical Begin (first active video line within a field)

bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’121 12 w/r Vertical Lines In 0

bit[8:0]: Number of input lines

bit[9]: enable temporal decimation (0: off, 1: on)

min. line number for 625/50 standards: 7 min. line number for 525/60 standards: 10 max. line number: determined by current TV line standard

determines the range between the first and the last active video line within a field; vbeg + vlinei should not exceed the max. number of lines determined by the current line standard (exceeding values will be corrected automatically)

with temporal decimation enabled, only the number of frames selected in register h’157 (tdecframes) will be output within an interval of 3000 frames

vbeg1

vlinei1

tdec1

bit[11:10]: field disable flags

11 Window disabled 10 Window enabled in ODD fields only 01 Window enabled in EVEN fields only 00 Window enabled in both fields

h’122 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out 0

bit[8:0]: Number of output lines

vlineout cannot be greater than vlinein (no interpolation); for vlineout < vlinein vertical compression via line dropping is applied

bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’123 12 w/r Horizontal Begin 0

bit[10:0]: Horizontal start of window after scaling (relative to npix)

hbeg > 0 enables cropping on the left side of the window

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’124 12 w/r Horizontal Length 704

bit[10:0]: Horizontal length of window after scaling (relative to npix)

hbeg + hlen cannot exceed npix

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’125 12 w/r Number of Pixels 704

bit[10:0]: Number of active pixels for the full active line (after scaling)

npix must be an even value within the range 32...864

vlineo1

hbeg1

hlen1

npix1

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

h’126 12 w/r Selection for peaking/coring 0 peaking1

of Bits

bit[1:0]: coring

bit[4:2]: peaking

bit[5]: Bypass Lowpass

bit[6]: Bypass Skewfilter

bit[7]: Bypass Skewfilter VACT

bit[8]: Swapping of Chroma values

bit[10:9]: Peaking frequency

subtracts LSBs of the higher frequency part of the video signal 00: subtract 0 LSBs 01: subtract 1/2 LSB 10: subtract 1 LSB 11: subtract 2 LSBs

an implemented peaking filter supports sharpness control with up to eight steps: 000: no peaking 001: low peaking 111: high peaking

-Pixels first

1Cr-Pixels first

00 low frequency 01 middle frequency 10 high frequency

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’127 12 w/r Brightness 0

bit[7:0]: Brightness Level

offset value added to the video samples brightness can be selected in 256 steps within the range –128...127 (2’s complement): 128: –128 127: 127

bit[10:8]: reserved (must be set to zero) bit[11]: Limit Luminance data to ≥16 lim16_1

h’128 12 w/r Contrast 32 contrast1

bit[5:0]: Contrast Level

linear scale factor for luminance (default = 1.0) [5] integer part [4:0] fractional part

bit[7:6]: Noise Shaping

Control for 10-bit to 8-bit conversion (default: rounding) 00: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit rounding 01: 9-bit to 8-bit via truncation 10: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit accumulation 11: 10-bit to 8-bit via 2-bit accumulation

bit[8]: Contrast Brightness: Clamping Level

0 clamping level = 32, 1 clamping level = 16

(should normally be set to 1)

brightness1

contr1

noise1

clamp1

bit[9]: Bypass Brightness Adder bribyp1

bit[10]: Bypass Contrast Multiplier conbyp1

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

VPX 322xE

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

of Bits

Read Table for Window #2

h’11f 12 r Position of VACT

bit[11:1]: Delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge of HREF vact_delay2

Load Table for Window #2 (WinLoadTab2)

h’12A 12 w/r Vertical Begin 17

bit[8:0]: Vertical Begin (first active video line within a field)

bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’12B 12 w/r Vertical Lines In 500

bit[8:0]: Number of input lines

bit[9]: enable temporal decimation (0: off, 1: on)

min. line number for 625/50 standards: 7 min. line number for 525/60 standards: 10 max. line number: determined by current TV line standard

with temporal decimation enabled, only the number of frames selected in register h’157 (tdecframes) will be output within an interval of 3000 frames

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

vbeg2

vlinei2

tdec2

bit[11:10]: field disable flags

11: Window disabled 10: Window enabled in ODD fields only 01: Window enabled in EVEN fields only 00: Window enabled in both fields

h’12C 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out 240

bit[8:0]: Number of output lines

vlineout cannot be greater than vlinein (no interpolation); for vlineout < vlinein vertical compression via line dropping is applied

bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’12D 12 w/r Horizontal Begin 0

bit[10:0]: Horizontal start of window after scaling (relative to npix)

hbeg > 0 enables cropping on the left side of the window

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’12E 12 w/r Horizontal Length 640

bit[10:0]: Horizontal length of window after scaling (relative to npix)

hbeg + hlen can not exceed npix

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’12F 12 w/r Number of Pixels 640

bit[10:0]: Number of active pixels for the full active line (after scaling)

npix must be an even value within the range 32...864

vlineo2

hbeg2

hlen2

npix2

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

h’130 12 w/r Selection for peaking/coring 0 peaking2

of Bits

bit[1:0]: coring

bit[4:2]: peaking

bit[5]: Bypass Lowpass

bit[6]: Bypass Skewfilter

bit[7]: Bypass Skewfilter VACT

bit[8]: Swapping of Chroma values

bit[10:9]: Peaking frequency

subtracts LSBs of the higher frequency part of the video signal 00: subtract 0 LSBs 01: subtract 1/2 LSB 10: subtract 1 LSB 11: subtract 2 LSBs

an implemented peaking filter supports sharpness control with up to eight steps: 000: no peaking 001: low peaking 111: high peaking

-Pixels first

1Cr-Pixels first

00 low frequency 01 middle frequency 10 high frequency

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

h’131 12 w/r Brightness 0

bit[7:0]: Brightness Level

offset value added to the video samples brightness can be selected in 256 steps within the range –128...127 (2’s complement): 128: –128 127: 127

bit[10:8]: reserved (must be set to zero) bit[11]: Limit Luminance data to ≥16 lim16_2

h’132 12 w/r Contrast 32 contrast2

bit[5:0]: Contrast Level

linear scale factor for luminance (default = 1.0) [5] integer part [4:0] fractional part

bit[7:6]: Noise Shaping

bit[8]: Contrast Brightness: Clamping Level

0 clamping level = 32, 1 clamping level = 16

(should normally be set to 1)

brightness2

contr1

noise1

clamp1

bit[9]: Bypass Brightness Adder bribyp1

bit[10]: Bypass Contrast Multiplier conbyp1

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

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VPX 322xE

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

of Bits

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

Load Table for VBI-Window

h’134 12 w/r Start line even field

determines the first line of the VBI-window within even fields (note that lines are counted relative to the whole frame!)

h’135 12 w/r End line even field

determines the last line of the VBI-window within even fields (note that lines are counted relative to the whole frame!)

h’136 12 w/r Start line odd field

determines the first line of the VBI-window within odd fields

h’137 12 w/r End line odd field

determines the last line of the VBI-window within odd fields

h’138 12 w/r Control VBI-Window 0 vbicontrol

bit[0]: VBI-window enable

the selected VBI-window is activated only if this flag is set 0: disable 1: enable

bit[1]: VBI mode

two modes for the output of VBI-data are supported 0: raw data

1140 samples of the video input are given directly to the output

1: sliced data

sliced teletext data (in a package of 64 bytes)

272 start_even

283 end_even

10 start_odd

21 end_odd

vbien

vbimode

bit[2]: vertical identification

the valid VBI-lines defined by the VBI-window can either be marked as active or as blanked lines 0: active lines during VBI-window (VACT enabled) 1: blanked lines during VBI-window (VACT suppressed)

bit[11]: update the settings for the VBI-window

(settings will only be updated if this latch flag is set!)

h’139 12 w/r Slicer Data Size (0 corresponds to default value 64) 0 slsize

vbiident

vbilatch

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ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

of Bits

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

Control Word

h’140 12 w/r Register for control and latching Control-

bit[0]: reserved

bit[1]: Sync timing mode

0 Open mode

horizontal and vertical sync are tracking the input signal

1 Scan mode

horizontal and vertical sync are free running

bit[2]: Mode for VACT reference signal

0 length of VACT corresponds to the size of the current

window

1 programmable length of VACT (for the whole field!)

bit[4:3]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0

bit[5]: Latch Window #1

1 latch (reset automatically)

bit[6]: Latch Window #2

1 latch (reset automatically)

bit[7]: Disable VACT generally

0 VACT enabled 1 VACT suppressed generally

0 settm

0 vactmode

1 latwin1

1 latwin2

0 disvact

Word

bit[8]: Odd/Even filter suppress

0 filter enabled (o/e forced only when the field type

of the input signal toggles)

1 filter disabled (o/e always synchronous to the field type

of the input signal)

bit[9]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0

bit[10]: Latch value for temporal decimation

The number of frames for the temporal decimation is updated only if this flag is set 1 latch (reset automatically)

bit[11]: Latch Timing Modes

Selection of the timing mode is updated only if this flag is set 1 latch (reset automatically)

Info Word

h’141 12 r Internal status register, do not overwrite

This register can be used to query the current internal state due to the settings in the control word.

bit[0]: reserved acttm

bit[1]: Sync timing mode

0: Open 1: Scan

bit[2]: Mode for VACT reference signal

0 current window size 1 programmable size

0 disoef

1 lattdec

1 lattm

InfoWord

acttm

actvact

bit[11:3]: reserved

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VPX 322xE

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

of Bits

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

Formatter

h’150 12 w/r Format Selection format_sel

bit[1:0]: Format Selector

bit[2]: Shuffler

bit[3]: Format of VBI-data (in ITU-R656 mode only!)

bit[4]: Transmission of VBI-data (in ITU-R656 mode only)

bit[5]: PIXCLK selection

00: YC 01: YC 10: YCbCr 4:2:2, BStream

0 Port A = Y, Port B = C 1 Port A = CbCr, Port B = Y

Two possibilities are supported to disable the protected values 0 and 255: 0 limitation 1 7-bit resolution + odd parity LSB Note that this selection is applied for lines within the VBIwindow only!

0 transmit as normal video data 1 transmit as ancillary data (with ANC-header)

Setting this bit activates the half-clock mode, in which PIXCLK is divided by 2 in order to spread the video data stream 0 full PIXCLK (normal operation) 1 PIXCLK divided by 2

4:2:2, ITU-R601

bCr

4:2:2, ITU-R656

bCr

0 format

0 shuf

0 range

1 ancillary

0 halfclk

bit[6]: Disable splitting of text data bytes

During normal operation, sliced teletext bytes are splitted into 2 nibbles and multiplexed to the luminance and chrominance part. Setting this bit will disable this splitting. Sliced teletext data will be output directly on the luminance path. Note that the limitation of luminance data has to be disabled with bit[8]. The values 0 and 255 will no longer be protected in the luminance path!

bit[7]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0

bit[8]: Disable limitation of luminance data (see bit[6])

0 enabled 1 disabled

bit[9]: Suppress ITU-R656 headers for blank lines

(vpol in h’153 should be set to 0)

bit[10]: Change of ITU–R656 header flags

0 change header flags in SAV 1 change header flags in EAV

bit[11]: Enable task flag in ITU–R656 header

0 task flag always set to 1 1 task flag = 0 during VBI data window

0 splitdis

0 dislim

0 hsup

0 flagdel

0 task_enable

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

FP-RAM VPX Back-End

Address Hex

of Bits

HVREF

h’151 12 w/r Start position of the programmable ‘video active’ and clock gating

h’152 12 w/r End position of the programmable ‘video active’ and clock gating

h’153 12 w/r HREF and VREF control

The start position has to be an even value and is given relative to the trailing edge of HREF. Programmable VACT is activated with bit[2] of the control word (h’140)! When llcgate is active (h’153, bit[7]), this value defines the start of LLC clocks within a line.

bit[10:0]: start of VACT reference signal

The end position has to be an even value and is given relative to the trailing edge of HREF. When llcgate is active (h’153, bit[7]), this value defines the end of LLC clocks within a line.

bit[10:0]: end of VACT reference signal

determines length and polarity of the timing reference signals

bit[1]: HREF Polarity

0 active low 1 active high

bit[2]: VREF Polarity

0 active high 1 active low

bit[5:3]: VREF pulse width, binary value + 2

000: pulse width = 2 111: pulse width = 9

NameDefaultFunctionModeNumber

40 pval_start

720 pval_stop

refsig

0 hpol

0 vpol

0 vlen

bit[6]: 1 disables field as output

setting this bit will force the ‘field’ pin to the high impedance state

bit[7]: 1 enable gating of LLC and LLC2 with the programmable

‘video active’ (h’151/152). Note that four additional clocks are inserted before and after to allow ITU-R656 operation.

0 disfield

0 llcgate

Output Multiplexer

h’154 12 w/r Output Multiplexer 0 outmux

bit[7:0]: Multi-purpose bits on Port B

determines the state of Port B when used as programmable output

bit[8]: activate multi-purpose bits on Port B

note that double clock mode has to be selected for this option!

bit[9]: Port Mode

0 parallel_out, ‘single clock’, Port A & B = FO[15:0]; 1 ‘double clock’

Port A = FO[15:8] / FO[7:0], Port B = programmable output/not used;

bit[10]: switch ‘VBI active’ qualifier

0 connect ‘VBI active’ to VACT pin 1 connect ‘VBI active’ to TDO pin

bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero)

bmp

bmpon

double

vbiact

Temporal Decimation

h’157 12 w/r Number of frames to output within 3000 frames

This value will be activated only if the corresponding latch flag is set (control word h’140, bit[10] ).

3000 tdecframes

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VPX 322xE

7. Application Notes

7.1. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 322xD-C3

The following items indicate the differences between the VPX 322xE and the VPX 322xD:

Internal

– The VPX 3226E includes a high-performance adap-

tive 4H combfilter Y/C separator with adjustable vertical peaking

– The center frequency for horizontal peaking is select-

able in 3 steps (low, middle, high)

– The task flag of the ITU-R656 headers can be used to

distinguish between VBI and video data. – Macrovision detection – new LLC timing (optional) – optional gating of LLC to assure a fixed number of

clock cycles per line. – clock-synchronized bus arbitration via OE

External

– 3.3 V digital supply voltage

(optional)

7.2. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 3220A

The following items indicate the differences between the VPX 322xE and the VPX 3220A:

Internal

– The control registers (I

icant changes. – VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E incorporate a text slicer. – Raw ADC data is supported (sampling frequency of

20.25 MHz/8 bit, output data rate 13.5 MHz/16 bit or

27 MHz/8 bit). – VPX 322xE does not support RGB and compressed

video data output formats. The VPX 322xE supports

ITU-R601 and ITU-R656. – The VPX 322xE does not provide an asynchronous

output mode, PIXCLK functions as an output only. The

VPX 322xE supports half-clock data rate (6.75 MHz). – The VPX 322xE does not provide a video data rate of

20.25 MHz at the output interface.

– The VPX 322xE supports low power mode.

External

– Power-up Default Selection

Selection VPX 3220A VPX 322xE

C and FP-RAM) contain signif-

I2C device address

wake-up default Pads tristate/ active

– The VPX 322xE does not use the internal I2C bus for

power-up initialization. Resultingly, the I

will not be locked during that period. – The VPX 322xE supports an 8-bit input or program-

mable output port B[7:0] if the device uses only port

A[7:0] for video data output. – The VPX 322xE provides a HREF signal with a fixed

low period, whereas the width of the high period will

vary while the video input signal varies.

PREF OE

PIXCLK FIELD

C interface

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VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

7.3. Control Interface

7.3.1. Symbols

< Start Condition > Stop Condition aa (Sub-)Address Byte dd Data Byte

7.3.2. Write Data into I

<86 f2 dd> write to register OENA

C Register

7.3.3. Read Data from I2C Register

<86 00 <87 dd> read Manufacture ID

7.3.4. Write Data into FP Register

<86 35 <87 dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared <86 37 aa aa> write FP register write address <86 35 <87 dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared <86 38 dd dd> write data into FP register

7.3.5. Read Data from FP Register

<86 35 <87 dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared <86 36 aa aa> write FP register read address <86 35 <87 dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared <86 38 <87 dd dd> read data from FP register

7.3.6. Sample Control Code

A Windows API function set is provided for controlling the VPX. This API is independent of the actual used version of the VPX. It is recommended to control the VPX via this API, which allows flexible switching between different VPX family members. The API is available on request. The following code demontrates the usage of the API to initialize the VPX.

#include <vpx.h> // VPXAPI support header

VPXInit(); // initializes the VPX from an INI file VPXSetVideoSource(VPX_VIN1, VPX_COMPOSITE); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, 23, 288, 0, 720, 720, 3000, 0); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VBI_WINDOW, 320, 336, 7, 23, 0, 0, 0); VPXSetVideoStandard(VPX_PAL); VPXSetVBIMode(VPX_VBI_SLICED_DATA, VPX_VBI_ACTIVE); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_CONTRAST, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_BRIGHTNESS, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_SATURATION, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_HUE, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_PEAKING, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_CORING, 128);

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VPX 322xE

7.4. Xtal Supplier

Name Part No. Country Phone/Fax Contact

Lap Tech XT1750 Canada +1-(905) 623 4101 Sandra Cooke

Raltron A-20.250-13-ITT HC49U USA +1-(305) 593 6033

+1-(305) 594 3973 fax

ACAL GmbH 2351051 HC49U Germany +49-(7131) 581 251

+49-(7131) 581 250 fax

MTRON [email protected] MHz HC49U USA +1-(408) 257 3399 George Panos or

Monitor Products MSC1393 HC49U USA +1-(619) 433 4510

+1-(619) 434 0255 fax

Fox Electronics S50927-1(HC49U, 20.25 MHz)

S50927-2(SMD, 20.25 MHz)

Millennium MCRY-1042-S low profile HC49/S USA +1-(408) 436 8770

ECLIPTEK Co. ECX-5053-20.250M low profile

ECX-5087-20.250M normal profile

USA +1-(800) 741 8758 sales rep. that

+1-(408) 436 8773 fax

USA +1-(800) 433 1280 Michelle Prindible

–

Wayne Watson

Jan Read or Skip Estes

covers your state

Sterling Loro (Loroco Sales)

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J1 MINI DIN4

C11 330pF

3.3uH

S-Video

Composite Video

1 2

RCA

Place the ceramic bypass capacitors as close as possible to VPX 32xxE. The 5 V analog supply should be as clean as possible.

3.3 V digital supply C17 100nF

We recommend to use only 20.25 MHz-Crystals which are compliant to our specifications. Please refer to Section 7.4 for a list of approved crystal manufacturers

C12 330pF

10uF/10V

C18 22uF/10V

2.2uH

C2 330pF

2.2uH

C5 330pF

3.3uH

C8 330pF

C10

680nF

C13

3.3 V digital supply

5 V analog supply

47nF

C14

C3 330pF

C6 330pF

C9 330pF

4.7pF

22uF/10V

C15

C20

7.5. Typical Application

1nF

Connection point Rxx should be the only junction between digital and analog groundplane. An optimum solution would be a connection

underneath the VPX 32xxE. Please refer to the

680nF

R3 75

680nF

20.25 MHz

C16

4.7pF

C19 220nF

C21

100nF

layout recommendations for details

SINGLE CONNECTION POINT

Rxx

CIN

VIN1

VIN2

VIN3

VRT

ISGND

XTAL1

XTAL2

SDA

SCL

TMS

TDI

33 11 36 32 13 38

TCK

RES

VDD PVDD AVDD VSS PVSS AVSS

VPX 32xxE

R7 10K

TDO (LLC2/DACT)

The output pins PA7 to PA0 and PB7 to PB0 provide different signals in specific modes as follows. Please refer to Section

2.8 for details about the Video Data Transfer and to Tables 6.2 and 6.5 for the use of the Multi-purpose bits

PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7

PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7

HREF VREF PREF

VACT

LLC

PIXCLK

Mode

ITU-601 13.5 MHz

ITU-601 27 MHz

ITU-656

17 16 15 14 10 9 8 7

28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

4 5 6

20 19

R5 10K

PA7 to PA0

Luminance/Chrominance

Lum./Chrominance/Sync

HREF VREF FIELD

VACT LLC

PIXCLK

3.3 V digital supply3.3 V digital supply

R6 10K

PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7

PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7

/RESET /OUTPUT ENABLE I2C CLOCK I2C DATA

PB7 to PB0

ChrominanceLuminance

Multi-purpose

PA[7..0]

PB[7..0]

VPX 322xE

ADVANCE INFORMATION

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ADVANCE INFORMATION VPX 322xE

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VPX 322xE

8. Data Sheet History

1. Advance Information: “VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E Video Pixel Decoders”, Edition Oct. 13, 1999, 6251-483-1AI. First release of the advance information.

ADVANCE INFORMATION

Micronas GmbH Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 D-79108 Freiburg (Germany) P.O. Box 840 D-79008 Freiburg (Germany) Tel. +49-761-517-0 Fax +49-761-517-2174 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.micronas.com

Printed in Germany Order No. 6251-483-1AI

All information and data contained in this data sheet are without any commitment, are not to be considered as an offer for conclusion of a contract, nor shall they be construed as to create any liability. Any new issue of this data sheet invalidates previous issues. Product availability and delivery are exclusively subject to our respective order confirmation form; the same applies to orders based on development samples delivered. By this publication, Micronas GmbH does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Further, Micronas GmbH reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of Micronas GmbH.

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