Page 1
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 1 (15)
Phase Control Circuit – Tacho Applications
Description:
The integrated circuit U209B3, is designed as a phase
control circuit in bipolar technology. It has also protection
circuit for the supply. Due to integration of many
functions, it leads to significant cost and space saving as
well as increased reliability . At the same time, it gives the
designer free hand to select varieties of regulators to
choose from and switching characteristics according to its
choice.
Features
Internal frequency to voltage converter
Externally controlled integrated amplifier
Automatic soft start with minimised ”dead time”
Voltage and current synchronisation
Retriggering
Triggering pulse typ. 155 mA
Internal supply voltage monitoring
Temperature compensated reference source
Current requirement ≤ 3 mA
Package: DIP14, SO16
Control
amplifier
Voltage
monitoring
Supply
voltage
limitation
Reference
voltage
Output
pulse
Frequency
to voltage
converter
Phase
control unit
Soft start
10(10)
11(11) 12(12) 8(8) 7(7)
Voltage / Current
detector
Automatic
retriggering
14(16) 1(1)
4(4)
= f (V12)
95 10691
–V
S
GND
+
–
s
5(5)
6(6)
3(3)
2(2)
13(15)
9(9)
Figure 1. Block diagram – SO 16 in bracket
Page 2
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 3 (15)
95 10692
R
3
220 k
R
4
470 k
R
2
–V
S
3.3 nF
GND
C
1
22
25 V
C
10
2.2
16 V
R
10
220
M
R
1
18 k
BYT51J
D
1
2 W
AEG
TW11
N600
R
8
2 M
68 k
R
6
C
6
100 nF
2.2
16 V
C
7
C
8
220 nF
22 k
R
7
C
3
2.2
16 V
C
5
1 nF
R
5
1 k
Speed sensor
C
4
220 nF
L
N
V
M
=
230 V ~
Control
amplifier
Voltage
monitoring
Supply
voltage
limitation
Reference
voltage
Output
pulse
Frequency
to voltage
converter
Phase
control unit
Soft start
10
9
11 12 8 7
6
3
2
13
Voltage / Current
detector
Automatic
retriggering
14 1
5
4
= f (V
12
)
+
–
s
C
2
Actual
speed
voltage
680 k
R
11
100 k
C
9
2.2 /16 V
R
31
100 k
R
10
56 k
R
9
47 k
Set speed
voltage
F
F
F
F
F
Figure 2. Block diagram with typical circuitry for speed regulation
Page 3
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.19954 (15)
Description
Mains Supply
The U209B is designed with voltage limiting and can
therefore be supplied directly from the mains. The supply
voltage between Pin 2 (+ pol/) and Pin 3 builds up
across D
1
and R
1
and is smoothed by C1. The value of the
series resistance can be approximated using (Figure 2):
VM – Vs
2 I
S
R1 =
Further information regarding the design of the mains
supply can be found in the data sheets in the appendix.
The reference voltage source on Pin 13 of typ. –8.9 V
is
derived from the supply voltage and represents the reference level of the control unit.
Operation using an externally stabilised DC voltage is not
recommended.
If the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains
because the power dissipation in R
1
would be too large,
then the circuit shown in the following Figure 3 should be
employed.
123
4
U21 1B
5
C
1
R
1
24 V~
~
95 10362
Figure 3. Supply voltage for high current requirements
Phase Control
The function of the phase control is largely identical to
that of the well known integrated circuit U211B. The
phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing
the ramp voltage, which is mains synchronised by the
voltage detector, with the set value on the control input
Pin 4. The slope of the ramp is determined by C
2
and its
charging current. The charging current can be varied
using R
2
on Pin 5. The maximum phase anglea
max
can
also be adjusted using R
2
.
When the potential on Pin 6 reaches the nominal value
predetermined at Pin 11, then a trigger pulse is generated
whose width t
p
is determined by the value of C
2
(the value
of C
2
and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by
assuming 8 ms/nF.
The current sensor on Pin 1 ensures that, for operation
with inductive loads, no pulse will be generated in a new
half cycle as long as current from the previous half cycle
is still flowing in the opposite direction to the supply
voltage at that instant. This makes sure that ”Gaps” in the
load current are prevented.
The control signal on Pin 11 can be in the range 0 V to
–7 V (reference point Pin 2).
If V
11
= –7 V then the phase angle is at maximum = a
max
i. e. the current flow angle is a minimum. The minimum
phase anglea
min
is when V
11
= V
pin2
.
Voltage Monitoring
As the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are
avoided by internal voltage surveillance. At the same
time, all of the latches in the circuit (phase control, soft
start) are reset and the soft–start capacitor is short
circuited. Used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mV,
this system guarantees defined start–up behaviour each
time the supply voltage is switched on or after short
interruptions of the mains supply .
Soft–Start
As soon as the supply voltage builds up (t1), the integrated
soft–start is initiated. The figure below shows the
behaviour of the voltage across the soft–start capacitor
and is identical with the voltage on the phase control input
on Pin 11. This behaviour guarantees a gentle start–up for
the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run–up
time.
C
3
is first charged up to the starting voltage Vo with
typically 30 mA current (t
2
). By then reducing the
charging current to approx. 4 mA, the slope of the charging
function is substantially reduced so that the rotational
speed of the motor only slowly increases. The charging
current then increases as the voltage across C
3
increases
giving a progressively rising charging function which
more and more strongly accelerates the motor with
increasing rotational speed. The charging function
determines the acceleration up to the set–point. The
charging current can have a maximum value of 50 mA.
Page 4
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 5 (15)
V
C3
t
V
1
2
V
0
t
1
t
tot
t
2
t
3
95 10272
Figure 4. Soft–start
Frequency to Voltage Converter
The internal frequency to voltage converter
(f/V-converter) generates a DC signal on Pin 9 which is
proportional to the rotational speed using an AC signal
from a tacho–generator or a light beam whose frequency
is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. The high
impedance input with a switch–on threshold of typ. –
100 mV gives very reliable operation even when
relatively simple tacho–generators are employed. The
tacho-frequency is given by:
f =
n
60
n = revolutions per minute
p
= number of pulses per revolution
p[Hz]
The converter is based on the charge pumping principle.
With each negative half wave of the input signal, a
quantity of charge determined by C
5
is internally
amplified and then integrated by C
6
at the converter
output on Pin 9.
The conversion constant is determined
by C
5
, its charging voltage of Vch, R
6
(Pin 9) and the
internally adjusted charge amplification G
i
.
k = G
i
.
C
5
.
R
6
.
V
ch
The analog output voltage is given by
V
o
= k . f.
whereas: V
ch
= 6.7 V
G
i
= 8.3
The values of C
5
and C
6
must be such that for the highest
possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage
does V
0
does not exceed 6 V. While C
5
is charging up the
R
i
on Pin 8 is approx. 6 kΩ. T o obtain good linearity of the
f/V converter the time constant resulting from R
i
and C
5
should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the
negative half cycle for the highest possible input
frequency. The amount of remaining ripple on the output
voltage on Pin 9 is dependent on C
5
, C
6
and the internal
charge amplification.
∆V
o
=
G
i
. V
ch
.
C
5
C
6
The ripple ∆V
o
can be reduced by using larger values of
C
6
, however, the maximum conversion speed will than
also be reduced.
The value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the
particular control loop where it is going to be used.
Control Amplifier
The integrated control amplifier with differential input
compares the set value (Pin 10) with the instantaneous
value on Pin 9
and generates a regulating voltage on the
output Pin 11 (together with external circuitry on Pin 12)
which always tries to hold the real voltage at the value of
the set voltages. The amplifier has a transmittance of typically 110 A/V and a bipolar current source output on Pin
11 which operates with typically ±100 A. The
amplification and frequency response are determined by
R
7
, C7, C
8
and R
8
(can be left out). For operation as a
power divider, C
4
, C5, R6, C6, R7, C7, C
8
and R
8
can be
left out. Pin 9
should be connected with Pin 11 and Pin 7
with Pin 2. The phase angle of the triggering pulse can be
adjusted using the voltage on Pin 10. An internal limiting
circuit prevents the voltage on Pin 11 from becoming
more negative than V
13
+ 1 V.
Pulse Output Stage
The pulse output stage is short circuit protected and can
typically deliver currents of 125 mA. For the design of
smaller triggering currents, the function I
GT
= f (RGT) has
been given in the data sheets in the appendix.
Automatic Retriggering
The automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without
current flow, even if the triacs is turned of f earlier e.g. due
to not exactly centred collector (brush lifter) or in the
event of unsuccessful triggering. If it is necessary, another
triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of
t
PP
= 4.5 tP and this is repeated until either the triac fires
or the half cycle finishes.
Page 5
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.19956 (15)
General Hints and Explanation of Terms
To ensure safe and trouble–free operation, the following
points should be taken into consideration when circuits
are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit
boards.
The connecting lines from C
2
to Pin 6 and Pin 2 should
be as short as possible, and the connection to Pin 2
should not carry any additional high current such as
the load current. When selecting C
2
, a low tempera-
ture coefficient is desirable.
The common (earth) connections of the set–point gen-
erator, the tacho–generator and the final interference
suppression capacitor C
4
of the f/V converter should
not carry load current.
The tacho generator should be mounted without
influence by strong stray fields from the motor.
95 10716
V
V
GT
V
L
I
L
p/2 p 3/2p 2p
t
p
t
pp
= 4.5 t
p
f
F
Mains
Supply
Trigger
Pulse
Load
Voltage
Load
Current
Figure 5. Explanation of terms in phase relationship
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified
Parameters Symbol Value Unit
Current requirement Pin 3
t ≤ 10 ms
–I
S
–i
S
30
100
mA
Synchronisation current Pin 1
Pin 14
t < 10 ms Pin 1
t < 10 ms Pin 14
I
syncI
I
syncV
±i
i
±i
v
5
5
35
35
mA
f/V converter:
Input current Pin 7
t < 10 ms
I
eff
±i
i
3
13
mA
Phase control: Pin 11
Input voltage
Input current
–V
I
±I
I
0 to 7
500
V
mA
Soft–start:
Input voltage Pin 12
–V
I
|V13| to 0 V
Pulse output:
Reverse voltage Pin 4
V
R
V
S
to 5 V
Amplifier
Input voltage Pin 10 –V
I
|VS|
Pin 8 open Pin 9 –V
I
|V13| to 0 V
Reference voltage source
Output current Pin 13 I
o
7.5 mA
Power dissipation T
amb
= 45 °C
T
amb
= 80 °C
P
tot
570
320
mW
Storage temperature range T
stg
–40 to +125 °C
Junction temperature T
j
125
Ambient temperature range T
amb
–10 to +100
Page 6
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 7 (15)
Thermal Resistance
Parameters Symbol Maximum Unit
Junction ambient DIP 14
SO 16: on p.c. board
SO 16: on ceramic substrate
R
thJA
140
180
100
K/W
Electrical Characteristics
–V
S
= 13.0 V, T
amb
= 25 °C, reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified
Parameters Test Conditions / Pin Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Supply voltage for mains
operations
Pin 3 –V
S
13.0 V
Limit
V
Supply voltage limitation –I
S
= 3 mA Pin 3
–I
S
= 30 mA
–V
S
14.6
14.7
16.6
16.8
V
DC supply current –VS = 13.0 V Pin 3 –I
S
1.1 2.5 3.0 mA
Reference voltage source –IL = 10 mA Pin 13
–I
L
= 5 mA
V
Ref
8.6
8.3
8.9 9.2
9.1
V
Temperature coefficient Pin 13 TC
VRef
0.5 mV/K
Voltage monitoring Pin 3
Turn–on threshold –V
TON
11.2 13 V
Turn–off threshold –V
TOFF
9.9 10.9 V
Phase control currents
Current synchronisation Pin 1 ±I
syncl
0.35 2.0 mA
Voltage synchronisation Pin 14 ±I
syncV
0.35 2.0 mA
Voltage limitation ±IL = 5 mA Pin 1, 14 ±V
l
1.4 1.6 1.8 V
Reference ramp, Figure 6
Charge current I
6
= f (R5),
R
5
= 1 K ... 820 kW Pin 6
I
6
1 20 mA
Rϕ – reference voltage a ≥ = 180 ° Pin 5,3 Vϕ
Ref
1.06 1.13 1.18 V
Temperature coefficient Pin 5 TCϕ
Ref
0.5 mV/K
Output pulse
Output pulse current R
V
= 0, VGT = 1.2 V Pin 4 I
O
100 155 190 mA
Reverse current Pin 4 I
OR
0.01 3.0 mA
Output pulse width Pin 5,2 t
p
8 ms/nF
Automatic retriggering
Repetition rate Pin 4 tpp/t
p
3 4.5 6
Amplifier
Common mode voltage
range
Pin 9, 10 V
ICR
(V13–1V) (V2–1V) V
Input bias current Pin 10 I
IB
0.01 1 mA
Input offset voltage Pin 9, 10 V
IO
10 mV
Output current Pin 11
Pin 11
–I
O
+I
O
75
88
110
120
145
165
mA
Short circuit forward transmittance
I11 = f (V
9/10
) Pin 11 Y
f
1000 mA/V
Page 7
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.19958 (15)
UnitMaxTypMinSymbolTest Conditions / PinParameters
Frequency to voltage converter
Input bias current Pin 7 I
IB
0.6 2 A
Input voltage limitation ±I
I =
1 mA Pin 7
Pin 7
+V
I
–V
I
660
7.25
750
8.05
mV
V
Turn–on threshold Pin 7 –V
TON
100 150 mV
Turn–off threshold Pin 7 –V
TOFF
20 50 mV
Discharge current Figure 2 Pin 8 I
dis
0.5 mA
Charge transfer voltage Pin 8 V
ch
6.50 6.70 6.90 V
Charge transfer gain I9 / I
8
Pin 8/9 G
i
7.5 8.3 9.0
Conversion factor C
8
= 1 nF, R9 = 100 k k 5.5 mV/Hz
Operating range f/V output Ref. point Pin 13 Pin 9 V
O
0 – 6 V
Linearity ± 1 %
Soft start Figures 7 to 11 Pin 12
f/v–converter non active
Starting current V
12
= V13, V7 = V
2
I
O
20 30 50 A
Final current V12 = –0.5 V I
O
50 85 130 A
f/v–converter active
Starting current V
12
= V
13
I
O
2 4 6 A
Final current V12 = –0.5 V I
O
30 55 80 A
Discharge current Restart pulse –I
O
0.5 3 10 mA
Page 8
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 9 (15)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
80
120
160
200
240
Phase Angle ( )
Rf ( MW )
1.0
95 10302
a °
Phase Control
Reference Point Pin 2
10nF
C
f
/t
=1.5nF
4.7nF
2.2nF
Figure 6.
02468
0
20
40
60
80
100
I ( A )
13
V13 ( V )
10
95 10303
m
Soft Start
f/V-Converter Non Active
Reference Point Pin 16
Figure 7.
02468
0
20
40
60
80
100
I ( A )
13
V13 ( V )
10
95 10304
m
Soft Start
f/V-Converter Active
Reference Point Pin 16
Figure 8.
0
2
4
6
8
10
V ( V )
13
t=f
(C3)
95 10305
Soft Start
f/V-Converter Non Active
Reference Point Pin 16
Figure 9.
0
2
4
6
8
10
V ( V )
13
t=f
(C3)
95 10306
Soft Start
f/V-Converter Active
Reference Point Pin 16
Figure 10.
0
2
4
6
8
10
V ( V )
13
t=f
(C3)
95 10307
Soft Start
Reference Point Pin 16
Motor in Action
Motor Standstill ( Dead Time )
Figure 11.
Page 9
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.199510 (15)
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2
–500
–250
0
250
500
I ( A )
8
V8 ( V )
4
95 10308
02
Reference Point Pin 2
Frequency to Voltage Converter
Figure 12.
–300 –200 –100 0 200
–100
–50
0
50
100
I ( A )
12
V
10–11
( V )
300
95 10309
100
Control Amplifier
Reference Point Pin 16
Figure 13.
0 200 400 600 800
0
20
40
60
80
100
I ( mA )
GT
RGT ( )
1000
95 10313
Pulse Output
VGT=0.8V
1.4V
Figure 14.
03 6 912
0
1
2
3
4
6
P ( W )
(R1)
I
tot
( mA )
15
95 10317
Mains Supply
5
Figure 15.
04812
0
10
20
30
40
50
R ( k )
1
I
tot
( mA )
16
95 10315
Mains Supply
Figure 16.
0102030
R
1
( k )
40
95 10316
Mains Supply
0
1
2
3
4
6
P ( W )
(R1)
5
Figure 17.
Page 10
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 11 (15)
Applications
14
13
12 11
123
4
U209B
10
98
56
7
22 nF
R
3
M
R
1
18 kW
D
1
220 kW
C
3
470 kW
R
4
1.5 W
1N4004
22 mF
25 V
C
1
230 VX
R
2
470 kW
C
2
3.3 nF
33 kW
22 mF
10 V
C
4
95 10621
GND –V
S
L
N
R
ö
C
ö
/t
R
5
100 kW
R
6
Figure 18. Phase control (power control) for electric tools
Page 11
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.199512 (15)
14
13 12 11
123
4
U209B
10 9 8
56
7
22 nF
R
2
R
1
18 k
W
D
1
220 k
W
C
3
470 k
W
R
4
1.5 W
1N4004
47
25 V
C
1
230 V~
R
2
470 k
W
C
2
4.7 nF
10
10 V
C
4
95 10684
GND
–V
S
R
C
/t
R
7
100 kW
C
6
100 nF
R
13
56 k
W
1.5 nF
R
10
C
5
R
12
NTC
A34–2/306
R
14
22 k
W
R
9
15 k
W
AEG
TW11N
180
W
150 nF
250 V~
R
L
68 W
R
15
R
8
47 k
W
R
11
820
W
mF
mF
ö
ö
Figure 19. Temperature controlled fan motor (220 Vac)
Page 12
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 13 (15)
14
13 12 11
123
4
U209B
10 9 8
56
7
22 nF
R
2
R
1
8.2 kW
D
1
100 k
W
C
3
200 k W
R
4
1.5 W
1N4004
47
25 V
C
1
230 V~
R
2
470 k
W
C
2
4.7 nF
10
10 V
C
4
95 10685
GND –V
S
R
C
/t
R
7
100 k
W
C
6
100 nF
R
13
56 k
W
1.5 nF
R
10
C
5
R
12
NTC
A34–2/306
R
14
22 k
W
R
9
15 k
W
AEG
TW11N
180
W
150 nF
250 V~
R
L
68
W
R
15
R
8
47 k
W
R
11
820
W
mF
ö
ö
Figure 20. Temperature controlled fan motor (110 Vac)
Page 13
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.199514 (15)
Design Calculations for Mains Supply
The following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor R
1
for worst case conditions:
R
1
max
= 0.85
V
Mmin
– V
Smax
2 I
tot
R
1
min
= 0.85
V
M
– V
Smin
2 I
Smax
P
(R1
max
) =
(V
Mmax
– V
Smin
)
2
2 R
1
where:
V
M
= Mains voltage 220 V
V
S
= Supply voltage on Pin 4
I
tot
= Total DC current requirement of the circuit
= I
S
+ Ip + I
x
I
Smax
= Current requirement of the IC in mA
I
p
= Average current requirement of the triggering pulse
I
x
= Current requirement of other peripheral components
R
1
can be easily evaluated from diagram figure 16 and 17
Dimensions in mm
94 9445
94 8875
Page 14
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3–FP
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 15 (15)
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to
1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.
2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems
with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on
the environment.
It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as
ozone depleting substances (ODSs).
The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments (1990 ) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and
forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban
on these substances.
TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of
continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.
1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively
2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA
3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.
TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain
such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.
Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer
application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized
application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of,
directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or
unauthorized use.
TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany
Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423
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