Converts Light Intensity to Digital Signal
Infrared Compensation to Approximate
PACKAGE D
8-LEAD SOIC
(TOP VIEW)
Human Eye Response
Companding A/D for Wide Dynamic Range
Rejects 50 Hz/60 Hz Lighting Ripple
T wo-Wire SMBus Serial Interface
VDD 1
NC 2
NC 3
8 SMBData
7 NC
6 NC
Single Supply Operation (2.7 V to 5.5 V)
Low Active Power (1 mW typ)
GND 4
5 SMBCLK
Power Down Mode
Low-Profile Surface-Mount Package
Description
The TSL2550 is a digital light sensor with a two-wire, SMBus serial interface. It combines two photodiodes and
a companding analog-to-digital converter (ADC) on a single CMOS integrated circuit to provide light
measurements over an effective 12-bit dynamic range.
The TSL2550 is designed for use with broad wavelength light sources. One of the photodiodes (Channel 0) is
sensitive to visible and infrared light, while the second photodiode (Channel 1) is sensitive primarily to infrared
light. An integrating ADC converts the photodiode currents to Channel 0 and Channel 1 digital outputs. Channel
1 digital output is used to compensate for the effect of the infrared component of ambient light on Channel 0
digital output. The ADC digital outputs of the two channels are used to obtain a value that approximates the
human eye response in the commonly used unit of Lux.
This device is intended primarily for use in applications in which measurement of ambient light is used to control
display backlighting such as laptop computers, PDAs, camcorders, and GPS systems. Other applications
include contrast control in LED signs and displays, camera exposure control, lighting controls, etc. The
integrating conversion technique used by the TSL2550 effectively eliminates the effect of flicker from
AC-powered lamps, increasing the stability of the measurement.
Functional Block Diagram
Channel 0
Photodiode
Channel 1
Photodiode
VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Control LogicOutput Registers
Two-Wire Serial Interface
Integrating
A/D Converter
SMBCLK
SMBData
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Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Inc.
800 Jupiter Road, Suite 205 Plano, TX 75074 (972) 673-0759
www.taosinc.com
Copyright 2002, TAOS Inc.
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAMENO.
GND4Power supply ground. All voltages are referenced to GND.
SMBCLK5ISMBus serial clock input terminal — clock signal for SMBus serial data
SMBData8I/OSMBus serial data I/O terminal — serial data I/O for SMBus
V
DD
TYPEDESCRIPTION
1Supply voltage
Available Options
DEVICET
TSL2550–25°C to 85°SOIC–8DTSL2550D
A
PACKAGE – LEADS PACKAGE DESIGNATOR ORDERING NUMBER
Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply voltage, V
Operating free-air temperature, T
SMBus input low voltage @ VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%, V
SMBus input high voltage @ VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%, V
SMBus operating frequency, f
Copyright 2002, TAOS Inc.
DD
A
IL
IH
(SMBCLK)
MINMAXUNIT
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2.75.5V
070°C
0.8V
2.1V
10100kHz
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TSL2550
λ
p
640 nm
λ
p
940 nm
λ
p
640 nm
c
)
λ
p
940 nm
cm2)
counts/
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNIT
V
I
I
I
SMBus output low voltage
OL
Supply current
DD
High level input currentVI = V
IH
Low level input currentVI = 0–5µA
IL
Operating Characteristics, VDD = 3.3 V, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) (see Notes 2, 3, 4)
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSCHANNELMINTYPMAXUNIT
ADC count value
ADC count value ratio: Ch1/Ch0
ReIrradiance responsivity
RvIlluminance responsivity
(Sensor Lux) / (actual Lux) (Note 5)
NOTES: 2. Optical measurements are made using small-angle incident radiation from light-emitting diode optical sources. Visible 640 nm LEDs
and infrared 940 nm LEDs are used for final product testing for compatibility with high volume production.
3. The 640 nm irradiance Ee is supplied by an AlInGaP light-emitting diode with the following characteristics: peak wavelength
λp = 640 nm and spectral halfwidth ∆λ½ = 17 nm.
4. The 940 nm irradiance Ee is supplied by a GaAs light-emitting diode with the following characteristics: peak wavelength
λp = 940 nm and spectral halfwidth ∆λ½ = 40 nm.
5. The sensor Lux is calculated using the empirical formula shown on p. 12 of this data sheet based on measured Ch0 and Ch1 ADC
count values for the light source specified. Actual Lux is obtained with a commercial luxmeter. The range of the (sensor Lux) / (actual
Lux) ratio is estimated based on the variation of the 640 nm and 940 nm optical parameters. Devices are not 100% tested with
fluorescent or incandescent light sources.
IO = 50 µA0.01
IO = 4 mA0.4
Active, VSMBCLK and VSMDATA = V
VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%
Power down, VSMBCLK and VSMDATA =
V
VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%
DD,
DD
Ee = 0
λp = 640 nm
=
Ee = 81 µW/cm
λp = 940 nm
=
Ee = 172 µW/cm
λp = 640 nm, Ee = 81 µW/cm
λp = 940 nm, Ee = 172 µW/cm
Figure 2. SMBus Timing Diagram for Send Byte Format
1919
A0A1A2A3A4A5A6
Frame 1 SMBus Slave Address Byte
ACK by
TSL2550
Frame 2 Data Byte From TSL2550
D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D0R/W
NACK by
Master
Stop by
Master
Figure 3. SMBus Timing Diagram for Receive Byte Format
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY
1
0.8
0.6
Channel 0
Photodiode
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
NORMALIZED ADC OUTPUT
vs.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.4
Relative Responsivity
0.2
0
400
Channel 1
Photodiode
50060070080090010001100
λ – Wavelength – nm
Figure 4
0.8
Normalized ADC Output
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2.533.544.555.56
VDD – Supply Voltage – V
Figure 5
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AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Analog-to-Digital Converter
The TSL2550 contains an integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that integrates a photodiode current.
First it integrates channel 0 photodiode current and then it integrates channel 1 photodiode current. At the end
of the conversion cycle for each channel (approximately 400 ms), the conversion result is transferred to the
appropriate channel 0 or channel 1 ADC register. The transfer is double-buffered to ensure that invalid data is
not read during the transfer. After the data is transferred, the TSL2550 automatically begins the next conversion
cycle. Approximately 800 ms is required for both Channel 0 and Channel 1 ADC registers to be updated. A
VALID bit is used to indicate that data has been written to the ADC register after ADC is enabled.
Interface to the ADC and control of other device functions is accomplished using the standard 2-wire System
Management Bus (SMBus) interface. Both versions 1.1 and 2.0 of the SMBus are supported.
Digital Interface
The TSL2550 contains an 8-bit command register that can be written and read via the SMBus. The command
register controls the overall operation of the device. There are two read-only registers that contain the latest
converted value of each of the two ADC channels. The SMBus slave address is hardwired internally as 0111001
(MSB to LSB, A6 to A0).
TSL2550
Both the
send byte protocol
and the
receive byte protocol
are implemented in the TSL2550. The send byte
protocol allows single bytes of data to be written to the device (see Figure 6). The written byte is called the
COMMAND byte. The receive byte protocol allows single bytes of data to be read from the device (see Figure
7). The receive data can be either the previously written COMMAND byte or the data from one of the ADC
channels.
1
S = Start Condition P = Stop Condition Shaded = Slave Transmission
7
WR
APA
81111
Data ByteSlave AddressS
Figure 6. Send Byte Protocol
1
S = Start Condition P = Stop Condition Shaded = Slave Transmission
7
RD
APA
81111
Data ByteSlave AddressS
Figure 7. Receive Byte Protocol
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
Command Register
The command register contains eight bits as described in Table 1 and defaults to 0 (0x00) at power-up. A
command summary appears in Table 2.
Table 1. Command Register Data Format
RSELRESERVEDADCENPON
B7B6B5B4B3B2B1B0
RSEL2RSEL1RSEL0000ADCENPON
FIELDBITSDESCRIPTION
RSEL7 to 5
RESERVED4 to 2Reserved for factory test. These bits should always be written to 0.
ADCEN1
PON0
Read Data Select. This field determines the data output by the TSL2550
during read.
ADC Enable. This field actives the ADC. Writing a 1 activates the ADC.
Writing a 0 disables the ADC. ADCEN is normally used in conjunction with
PON.
Note: Both ADCEN and PON must be asserted before the ADC channels will
operate correctly.
Power ON. This field activates the internal oscillator to permit the timers and
ADC channels to operate. Writing a 1 activates the oscillator. Writing a 0
disables the oscillator. PON is normally used in conjunction with ADCEN.
Note: For the Duration of writes and reads over the SMB interface, this bit is
overridden and the oscillator is enabled, independent of the state of PON.
Note: Both ADCEN and PON must be asserted before the ADC channels will
operate correctly.
The command register is used primarily to select which register will be read during a read cycle (RSEL) and
to control the power consumption of the device (ADCEN and PON). When ADCEN and PON are high, the device
is in the full powered-up state and is fully operational. When ADCEN and PON are low, both the ADC and the
internal oscillator are powered down, resulting in minimum power consumption.
always be asserted and de-asserted together
. The remaining bits (B4, B3, and B2) in the command register
should always be written 0. For details on using the command register, see the
Both ADCEN and PON should
Operation
section, below.
T able 2. Command Summary
COMMANDFUNCTION
00hPlace device in power-down state
03hRead command register
43hRead ADC Channel 0
83hRead ADC Channel 1
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AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
ADC Register
The TSL2550 contains two ADC registers (channel 0 and channel 1). Each ADC register contains two
components to determine the logarithmic ADC count value: CHORD bits and STEP bits. The CHORD bits
correspond to the most significant portion of the ADC value and specifies a segment of the piece-wise linear
approximation. The STEP bits correspond to the least significant portion of the ADC count value and specifies
a linear value within a segment. CHORD and STEP bits all equal to 0 corresponds to a condition in which the
light level is below the detection limit of the sensor. CHORD and STEP bits all equal to 1 corresponds to an
overflow condition.
Each of the two ADC value registers contain seven bits as described in Table 3. The specific ADC value register
read depends on the last written RSEL field to the command register, as described above and in the
section, below.
Table 3. ADC Register Data Format
VALIDCHORD BITSSTEP BITS
B7B6B5B4B3B2B1B0
VALIDC2C1C0S3S2S1S0
FIELDBITSDESCRIPTION
VALID7
CHORD6 to 4CHORD number.
STEP3 to 0STEP number.
ADC channel data is valid. One indicates that the ADC has written data into the
channel data register, since ADCEN was asserted in the COMMAND register.
TSL2550
Operation
The MSB of the ADC register (VALID bit B7) is used to indicate that data has been written to the ADC register
after the ADC and internal oscillator are activated as described in
Command Register
section.
Bits 6 through 0 contain the 7-bit code representing the ADC count value, which is proportional to a
photodetector current. In this code, the ADC count value is represented by a piece-wise linear approximation
to a log function. The transfer function is broken into 8 chords of 16 steps each. (This code is very similar to µ-law
code used in audio compression — it differs in that it does not have a sign bit and it is not inverted.) Table 4 shows
the relationship between the CHORD and STEP bits and the CHORD and STEP numbers and values. These
are used to calculate the ADC count value.
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
Table 4. CHORD and STEP Numbers and Values vs Register Bits
The ADC count value is obtained by adding the CHORD VALUE and the product of the STEP NUMBER and
STEP VALUE (which depends on CHORD NUMBER).
ADC Count Value ((Chord Value) (Step Size) (Number of Steps))
The ADC count value is as a formula:
ADC Count Value (INT (16.5 ((2C 1))) (S (2C))
where:
Cis the CHORD NUMBER (0 to 7)
Sis the STEP NUMBER (0 to 15)
as defined in Table 4.
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AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
Operation
After applying VDD, the device will initially be in the power down state. To operate the device, issue an SMBus
Send Byte protocol with the device address and the appropriate command byte to read ADC channel 0 or ADC
channel 1 (see Table 2). To obtain the conversion result, issue an SMBus Receive Byte protocol with the device
address. The data byte received will correspond to the value in the ADC register (0 or 1) specified by the previous
command. If a conversion has not been completed since power up (either through VDD or ADCEN/PON), the
valid bit will be 0, and the data will not be valid. If there is a valid conversion result available, the valid bit will
be set (1), and the remaining 7 bits will represent valid data from the previously selected ADC register. Data
may be read repeatedly from the currently selected ADC register, and although it will remain valid, the ADC
register will not be updated until a new conversion completes for that channel (800 ms total since there are two
serial 400 ms per channel conversion times). Note also that the command register itself may be read, as a check
to be sure that the device is communicating properly.
To power down the device for reduced power consumption, issue an SMBus Send Byte protocol with the device
address followed by 0 to clear the ADCEN and PON bits.
TSL2550
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The TSL2550 is intended for use in ambient light detection applications, such as display backlight control, where
adjustments are made to display brightness or contrast based on the brightness of the ambient light, as
perceived by the human eye. Conventional silicon detectors respond strongly to infrared light, which the human
eye does not see. This can lead to significant error when the infrared content of the ambient light is high, such
as with incandescent lighting, due to the difference between the silicon detector response and the brightness
perceived by the human eye.
This problem is overcome in the TSL2550 through the use of two photodiodes. One of the photodiodes (Channel
0) is sensitive to both visible and infrared light, while the second photodiode (Channel 1) is sensitive primarily
to infrared light. An integrating ADC converts the photodiode currents to Channel 0 and Channel 1 digital
outputs. Channel 1 digital output is used to compensate for the effect of the infrared component of light on the
Channel 0 digital output. The ADC digital outputs from the two channels are used in a formula to obtain a value
that approximates the human eye response in the commonly used Illuminance unit of Lux:
Light Level (lux) (Ch0 Counts) (0.46) (e
where:
R = (Ch1 Counts) / (Ch0 Counts)
(3.13R)
)
The formula above was obtained by optical testing with fluorescent and incandescent light sources. The light
level calculated from the formula will be slightly higher than the actual light level for sunlight and will be slightly
lower than the actual light level for composite fluorescent and incandescent light sources.
Table 5 contains a summary of the typical sensor outputs for several common light sources.
Light from 50 or 60 Hz sources, and especially fluorescent lighting, has a high harmonic content. Since the
TSL2550 integrates the ambient light over an approximately 400 millisecond interval (per channel), this light
ripple is typically reduced to less than ¼ LSB.
Power Supply Decoupling
The power supply lines must be decoupled with a 0.1 µF capacitor placed as close to the device package as
possible. The bypass capacitor should have low effective series resistance (ESR) and effective series
inductance (ESI), such as the common ceramic types, which provide a low impedance path to ground at high
frequencies to handle transient currents caused by internal logic switching.
COUNT
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
MECHANICAL DATA
PACKAGE DPLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE
5.1 0.10
5678
4.1 0.12
2 0.65 0.10
6 1.27 0.10
1.8 0.200
7.3 0.20
A
1234
DETAIL A
8 0.175 0.175
0.215 0.035
8 0.65 0.12
3.5 + 3.5 – 7
0.825 0.425
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
The
B. Package is molded with an electrically nonconductive clear plastic compound having an index of refraction of 1.55.
C. Actual product will vary within the mechanical tolerances shown on this specification. Designs for use of this product MUST allow
for the data sheet tolerances.
D. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
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TSL2550
AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR
WITH SMBus INTERFACE
TAOS029 – SEPTEMBER 2002
PRODUCTION DATA — information in this document is current at publication date. Products conform to
specifications in accordance with the terms of Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. standard
warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
NOTICE
Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. (TAOS) reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this
document to improve performance or for any other purpose, or to discontinue them without notice. Customers are advised
to contact TAOS to obtain the latest product information before placing orders or designing TAOS products into systems.
TAOS assumes no responsibility for the use of any products or circuits described in this document or customer product
design, conveys no license, either expressed or implied, under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that
the circuits are free of patent infringement. TAOS further makes no claim as to the suitability of its products for any particular
purpose, nor does TAOS assume any liability arising out of the use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any
and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages.
TEXAS ADVANCED OPTOELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS, INC. PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR
USE IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS IN WHICH THE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OF THE TAOS PRODUCT MAY
RESUL T I N PERSONAL INJURY OR D EATH. USE OF TAOS PRODUCTS IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IS EXPRESSLY
UNAUTHORIZED AND ANY SUCH USE BY A CUSTOMER IS COMPLETELY AT THE CUSTOMER’S RISK.
LUMENOLOGY is a registered trademark, and TAOS, the TAOS logo, and Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions are trademarks of
Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Incorporated.
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