Datasheet TNY268P, TNY268G, TNY267P, TNY266P, TNY267G Datasheet (Power Integrations)

...
TNY264/266-268
®
®
TinySwitch-II
Enhanced, Energy Efficient, Low Power Off-line Switcher
Family
TinySwitch-II
Fully integrated auto-restart for short circuit and open loop fault protection–saves external component costs
Built-in circuitry practically eliminates audible noise with ordinary varnished transformer
Programmable line under-voltage detect feature prevents power on/off glitches–saves external components
Frequency jittering dramatically reduces EMI (~10 dB)minimizes EMI filter component costs
132 kHz operation reduces transformer sizeallows use of
EF12.6 or EE13 cores for low cost and small size
Very tight tolerances and negligible temperature variation on key parameters eases design and lowers cost
Lowest component count switcher solution
Better Cost/Performance over RCC & Linears
Lower system cost than RCC, discrete PWM and other integrated/hybrid solutions
Cost effective replacement for bulky regulated linears
Simple ON/OFF controlno loop compensation needed
No bias windingsimpler, lower cost transformer
EcoSmart
No load consumption < 50 mW with bias winding and < 250 mW without bias winding at 265 VAC input
Meets Blue Angel, Energy Star, and EC requirements
Ideal for cell-phone charger and PC standby applications
High Performance at Low Cost
High voltage poweredideal for charger applications
High bandwidth provides fast turn on with no overshoot
Current limit operation rejects line frequency ripple
Built-in current limit and thermal protection
Features Reduce System Cost
®
–Extremely Energy Efficient
Description
TinySwitch-II maintains the simplicity of the TinySwitch topology, while providing a number of new enhancements to further reduce system cost and component count, and to practically eliminate audible noise. Like TinySwitch, a 700 V power MOSFET, oscillator, high voltage switched current source, current limit and thermal shutdown circuitry are integrated onto a monolithic device. The start-up and operating power are derived directly from the voltage on the DRAIN pin, eliminating the need for a bias winding and associated circuitry. In addition, the
+
Optional
UV Resistor
Wide-Range HV DC Input
TinySwitch-II
-
Figure 1. Typical Standby Application.
D
EN/UV BP
S
+
DC Output
-
PI-2684-101700
OUTPUT POWER TABLE
230 VAC ±15%
PRODUCT
TNY264P or G TNY266P or G TNY267P or G TNY268P or G
T able 1. Notes: 1. T ypical continuous power in a non-ventilated enclosed adapter measured at 50 ˚C ambient. 2. Maximum practical continuous power in an open frame design with adequate heat sinking, measured at 50 ˚C ambient (See key applications section for details). 3. Packages: P: DIP-8B, G: SMD-8B. Please see part ordering information.
(3)
Adapter
(1)
Open
Frame
(2)
5.5 W 9 W 4 W 6 W 10 W 15 W 6 W 9.5 W 13 W 19 W 8 W 12 W 16 W 23 W 10 W 15 W
TinySwitch-II devices incorporate auto-restart, line under­voltage sense, and frequency jittering. An innovative design minimizes audio frequency components in the simple ON/OFF control scheme to practically eliminate audible noise with standard taped/varnished transformer construction. The fully integrated auto-restart circuit safely limits output power during fault conditions such as output short circuit or open loop, reducing component count and secondary feedback circuitry cost. An optional line sense resistor externally programs a line under-voltage threshold, which eliminates power down glitches caused by the slow discharge of input storage capacitors present in applications such as standby supplies. The operating frequency of 132 kHz is jittered to significantly reduce both the quasi-peak and average EMI, minimizing filtering cost.
85-265 VAC
Adapter
(1)
Open
Frame
(2)
July 2001
TNY264/266-268
BYPASS
(BP)
240 µA 50 µA
ENABLE
1.0 V + V
ENABLE/
UNDER-
VOLTAGE
(EN/UV)
1.0 V
DRAIN
REGULATOR
5.8 V
LINE UNDER-VOLTAGE
FAULT
RESET
MAX
PRESENT
CURRENT
LIMIT STATE
MACHINE
5.8 V
4.8 V
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
SRQ
Q
AUTO-
RESTART
COUNTER
6.3 V
JITTER
CLOCK
T
DC
OSCILLATOR
BYPASS PIN UNDER-VOLTAGE
+
-
V
I
LIMIT
CURRENT LIMIT COMPARATOR
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
­+
(D)
Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram.
Pin Functional Description
DRAIN (D) Pin:
Power MOSFET drain connection. Provides internal operating current for both start-up and steady-state operation.
BYPASS (BP) Pin:
Connection point for a 0.1 µF external bypass capacitor for the internally generated 5.8 V supply.
ENABLE/UNDER-VOLTAGE (EN/UV) Pin:
This pin has dual functions: enable input and line under-voltage sense. During normal operation, switching of the power MOSFET is controlled by this pin. MOSFET switching is terminated when a current greater than 240 µA is drawn from this pin. This pin also senses line under-voltage conditions through an external resistor connected to the DC line voltage. If there is no external resistor connected to this pin, TinySwitch-II detects its absence and disables the line under­voltage function.
SOURCE
(S)
PI-2643-030701
P Package (DIP-8B)
G Package (SMD-8B)
BP
1
S
2
S
3
EN/UV
4
Figure 3. Pin Configuration.
S (HV RTN)
8 7
S (HV RTN)
5
D
PI-2685-101600
SOURCE (S) Pin:
Control circuit common, internally connected to output MOSFET source.
SOURCE (HV RTN) Pin:
Output MOSFET source connection for high voltage return.
B
2
7/01
TNY264/266-268
TinySwitch-II
Functional Description
TinySwitch-II combines a high voltage power MOSFET switch with a power supply controller in one device. Unlike conventional PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) controllers, TinySwitch-II uses a simple ON/OFF control to regulate the output voltage.
The TinySwitch-II controller consists of an Oscillator, Enable Circuit (Sense and Logic), Current Limit State Machine, 5.8 V Regulator, Bypass pin Under-Voltage Circuit, Over Temperature Protection, Current Limit Circuit, Leading Edge Blanking and a 700 V power MOSFET. TinySwitch-II incorporates additional circuitry for Line Under-Voltage Sense, Auto-Restart and Frequency Jitter. Figure 2 shows the functional block diagram with the most important features.
Oscillator
The typical oscillator frequency is internally set to an average of 132 kHz. Two signals are generated from the oscillator: the Maximum Duty Cycle signal (DC
) and the Clock signal that
MAX
indicates the beginning of each cycle.
The TinySwitch-II oscillator incorporates circuitry that introduces a small amount of frequency jitter, typically 8 kHz peak-to-peak, to minimize EMI emission. The modulation rate of the frequency jitter is set to 1 kHz to optimize EMI reduction for both average and quasi-peak emissions. The frequency jitter should be measured with the oscilloscope triggered at the falling edge of the DRAIN waveform. The waveform in Figure4 illustrates the frequency jitter of the TinySwitch-II.
Enable Input and Current Limit State Machine
The enable input circuit at the EN/UV pin consists of a low impedance source follower output set at 1.0 V. The current through the source follower is limited to 240 µA. When the current out of this pin exceeds 240 µA, a low logic level
(disable) is generated at the output of the enable circuit. This enable circuit output is sampled at the beginning of each cycle on the rising edge of the clock signal. If high, the power MOSFET is turned on for that cycle (enabled). If low, the power MOSFET remains off (disabled). Since the sampling is done only at the beginning of each cycle, subsequent changes in the EN/UV pin voltage or current during the remainder of the cycle are ignored.
The Current Limit State Machine reduces the current limit by discrete amounts at light loads when TinySwitch-II is likely to switch in the audible frequency range. The lower current limit raises the effective switching frequency above the audio range and reduces the transformer flux density including the associated audible noise. The state machine monitors the sequence of EN/UV pin voltage levels to determine the load condition and adjusts the current limit level accordingly in discrete amounts.
Under most operating conditions (except when close to no­load), the low impedance of the source follower keeps the voltage on the EN/UV pin from going much below 1.0 V in the disabled state. This improves the response time of the optocoupler that is usually connected to this pin.
5.8 V Regulator and 6.3 V Shunt Voltage Clamp
The 5.8 V regulator charges the bypass capacitor connected to the BYPASS pin to 5.8 V by drawing a current from the voltage on the DRAIN pin, whenever the MOSFET is off. The BYPASS pin is the internal supply voltage node for the TinySwitch-II. When the MOSFET is on, the TinySwitch-II operates from the energy stored in the bypass capacitor. Extremely low power consumption of the internal circuitry allows TinySwitch-II to operate continuously from current it takes from the DRAIN pin. A bypass capacitor value of 0.1 µF is sufficient for both high frequency decoupling and energy storage.
600
500
400
300 200
100
0
0
Figure 4. Frequency Jitter.
In addition, there is a 6.3 V shunt regulator clamping the BYPASS pin at 6.3 V when current is provided to the BYPASS
V
DRAIN
PI-2741-041901
pin through an external resistor. This facilitates powering of TinySwitch-II externally through a bias winding to decrease the no load consumption to about 50 mW.
BYPASS Pin Under-Voltage
The BYPASS pin under-voltage circuitry disables the power MOSFET when the BYPASS pin voltage drops below 4.8 V. Once the BYPASS pin voltage drops below 4.8 V, it must rise back to 5.8 V to enable (turn-on) the power MOSFET.
136 kHz 128 kHz
510
Time (µs)
7/01
B
3
TNY264/266-268
Over Temperature Protection
The thermal shutdown circuitry senses the die temperature. The threshold is typically set at 135 °C with 70 °C hysteresis. When the die temperature rises above this threshold the power MOSFET is disabled and remains disabled until the die temperature falls by 70 °C, at which point it is re-enabled. A large hysteresis of 70 °C (typical) is provided to prevent overheating of the PC board due to a continuous fault condition.
Current Limit
The current limit circuit senses the current in the power MOSFET. When this current exceeds the internal threshold (I
LIMIT
), the power MOSFET is turned off for the remainder of that cycle. The current limit state machine reduces the current limit threshold by discrete amounts under medium and light loads.
The leading edge blanking circuit inhibits the current limit comparator for a short time (t
) after the power MOSFET is
LEB
turned on. This leading edge blanking time has been set so that current spikes caused by capacitance and secondary-side rectifier reverse recovery time will not cause premature termination of the switching pulse.
Auto-Restart
In the event of a fault condition such as output overload, output short circuit, or an open loop condition, TinySwitch-II enters into auto-restart operation. An internal counter clocked by the oscillator gets reset every time the EN/UV pin is pulled low. If the EN/UV pin is not pulled low for 50 ms, the power MOSFET switching is normally disabled for 850 ms (except in the case of line under-voltage condition in which case it is disabled until the condition is removed). The auto-restart alternately enables and disables the switching of the power MOSFET until the fault condition is removed. Figure 5 illustrates auto-restart circuit operation in the presence of an output short circuit.
In the event of a line under-voltage condition, the switching of
the power MOSFET is disabled beyond its normal 850 ms time until the line under-voltage condition ends.
Line Under-Voltage Sense Circuit
The DC line voltage can be monitored by connecting an external resistor from the DC line to the EN/UV pin. During power-up or when the switching of the power MOSFET is disabled in auto-restart, the current into the EN/UV pin must exceed 50 µA to initiate switching of the power MOSFET. During power-up, this is implemented by holding the BYPASS pin to 4.8 V while the line under-voltage condition exists. The BYPASS pin then rises from 4.8 V to 5.8V when the line under­voltage condition goes away. When the switching of the power MOSFET is disabled in auto-restart mode and a line under­voltage condition exists, the auto-restart counter is stopped. This stretches the disable time beyond its normal 850ms until the line under-voltage condition ends.
The line under-voltage circuit also detects when there is no external resistor connected to the EN/UV pin (less than ~ 2 µA into pin). In this case the line under-voltage function is disabled.
TinySwitch-II
Operation
TinySwitch-II devices operate in the current limit mode. When enabled, the oscillator turns the power MOSFET on at the beginning of each cycle. The MOSFET is turned off when the current ramps up to the current limit or when the DC
MAX
limit is reached. As the highest current limit level and frequency of a TinySwitch-II design are constant, the power delivered to the load is proportional to the primary inductance of the transformer and peak primary current squared. Hence, designing the supply involves calculating the primary inductance of the transformer for the maximum output power required. If the TinySwitch-II is appropriately chosen for the power level, the current in the calculated inductance will ramp up to current limit before the DC
limit is reached.
MAX
300
200
100
0
10
5
0
0
Figure 5. TinySwitch-II Auto-Restart Operation.
B
4
7/01
V
DRAIN
V
DC-OUTPUT
1000 2000
Time (ms)
Enable Function
TinySwitch-II senses the EN/UV pin to determine whether or not to proceed with the next switch cycle as described earlier.
PI-2699-030701
The sequence of cycles is used to determine the current limit. Once a cycle is started, it always completes the cycle (even when the EN/UV pin changes state half way through the cycle). This operation results in a power supply in which the output voltage ripple is determined by the output capacitor, amount of energy per switch cycle and the delay of the feedback.
The EN/UV pin signal is generated on the secondary by comparing the power supply output voltage with a reference voltage. The EN/UV pin signal is high when the power supply output voltage is less than the reference voltage.
In a typical implementation, the EN/UV pin is driven by an optocoupler. The collector of the optocoupler transistor isconnected to the EN/UV pin and the emitter is connected to
TNY264/266-268
the SOURCE pin. The optocoupler LED is connected in series with a Zener diode across the DC output voltage to be regulated. When the output voltage exceeds the target regulation voltage level (optocoupler LED voltage drop plus Zener voltage), the optocoupler LED will start to conduct, pulling the EN/UV pin low. The Zener diode can be replaced by a TL431 reference circuit for improved accuracy.
ON/OFF Operation with Current Limit State Machine
The internal clock of the TinySwitch-II runs all the time. At the
V
EN
CLOCK
D
MAX
I
DRAIN
V
DRAIN
PI-2749-050301
Figure 6. TinySwitch-II Operation at Near Maximum Loading.
beginning of each clock cycle, it samples the EN/UV pin to decide whether or not to implement a switch cycle, and based on the sequence of samples over multiple cycles, it determines the appropriate current limit. At high loads, when the EN/UV pin is high (less than 240 µA out of the pin), a switching cycle with the full current limit occurs. At lighter loads, when EN/UV is high, a switching cycle with a reduced current limit occurs.
At near maximum load, TinySwitch-II will conduct during nearly all of its clock cycles (Figure 6). At slightly lower load, it will “skip” additional cycles in order to maintain voltage regulation at the power supply output (Figure 7). At medium loads, cycles will be skipped and the current limit will be reduced (Figure8). At very light loads, the current limit will be reduced even further (Figure 9). Only a small percentage of cycles will occur to satisfy the power consumption of the power supply.
The response time of the TinySwitch-II ON/OFF control scheme is very fast compared to normal PWM control. This provides tight regulation and excellent transient response.
Power Up/Down
The TinySwitch-II requires only a 0.1 µF capacitor on the BYPASS pin. Because of its small size, the time to charge this capacitor is kept to an absolute minimum, typically 0.6 ms. Due to the fast nature of the ON/OFF feedback, there is no overshoot at the power supply output. When an external resistor (2 M) is connected from the positive DC input to the EN/UV pin, the power MOSFET switching will be delayed during power-up until the DC line voltage exceeds the threshold (100 V). Figures 10 and 11 show the power-up timing waveform of TinySwitch-II
V
EN
CLOCK
D
MAX
I
DRAIN
V
DRAIN
PI-2667-090700
Figure 7. TinySwitch-II Operation at Moderately Heavy Loading.
V
EN
CLOCK
D
MAX
I
DRAIN
V
DRAIN
Figure 8. TinySwitch-II Operation at Medium Loading.
PI-2377-091100
B
5
7/01
TNY264/266-268
PI-2381-1030801
0
12
Time (ms)
0
200
400
5 0
10
0
100
200
V
DC-INPUT
V
BYPASS
V
DRAIN
PI-2348-030801
0
.5 1
Time (s)
0
100
200
300
0
100
200
400
V
DC-INPUT
V
DRAIN
V
EN
CLOCK
D
MAX
I
DRAIN
V
DRAIN
PI-2661-072400
Figure 9. TinySwitch-II Operation at Very Light Load.
in applications with and without an external resistor (2 MΩ) connected to the EN/UV pin.
During power-down, when an external resistor is used, the power MOSFET will switch for 50 ms after the output loses regulation. The power MOSFET will then remain off without any glitches since the under-voltage function prohibits restart when the line voltage is low.
Figure 12 illustrates a typical power-down timing waveform of TinySwitch-II. Figure 13 illustrates a very slow power-down timing waveform of TinySwitch-II as in standby applications. The external resistor (2 M) is connected to the EN/UV pin in this case to prevent unwanted restarts.
200
V
100
DC-INPUT
0
Figure 11. TinySwitch-II Power-up without Optional External UV
Resistor Connected to EN/UV Pin.
Figure 12. Normal Power-down Timing (without UV).
200
PI-2383-030801
100
V
DC-INPUT
PI-2395-030801
10
V
5 0
400
200
0
Figure 10. TinySwitch-II Power-up with Optional External UV
6
BYPASS
V
DRAIN
0
12
Time (ms)
Resistor (2 MΩ) Connected to EN/UV Pin.
B 7/01
0
400 300
200
100
0
0
V
DRAIN
2.5 5
Time (s)
Figure 13. Slow Power-down Timing with Optional External
) UV Resistor Connected to EN/UV Pin.
(2 M
85-265
VAC
D1
1N4005
RF1
8.2
Fusible
D3
1N4005
D2
1N4005
D4
1N4005
C1
3.3 µF 400 V
R1
1.2 k
L1
2.2 mH
C3
R2
200 k
C2
3.3 µF 400 V
2.2 nF
D6
1N4937
U1
TNY264
TinySwitch-II
TNY264/266-268
C8 680 pF
Y1 Safety
U2
LTV817
Shield
D5
1N5819
Q1
2N3904
R9
47
C7
10 µF
10 V
C5
330 µF
16 V
100
R3
22
R4
1.2
1/2 W
R7
R6
1
1/2 W
L2
3.3 µH
C6
100 µF
35 V R8
270
VR1
BZX79-
B3V9
3.9 V
+ 5 V
500 mA
RTN
PI-2706-052301
T1
18
45
D
EN/UV BP
S
C3
0.1 µF
Figure 14. 2.5 W Constant Voltage, Constant Current Battery Charger with Universal Input (85-265 VAC).
The TinySwitch-II does not require a bias winding to provide
Application Examples
power to the chip, because it draws the power directly from the DRAIN pin (see Functional Description above). This has two main benefits. First, for a nominal application, this eliminates the cost of a bias winding and associated components. Secondly, for battery charger applications, the current-voltage characteristic often allows the output voltage to fall close to zero volts while still delivering power. This type of application normally requires a forward-bias winding which has many more associated components. With TinySwitch-II, neither are necessary. For applications that require a very low no-load power consumption (50 mW), a resistor from a bias winding to the BYPASS pin can provide the power to the chip. The minimum recommended current supplied is 750 µA. The BYPASS pin in this case will be clamped at 6.3 V. This method will eliminate the power draw from the DRAIN pin, thereby reducing the no-load power consumption and improving full­load efficiency.
The TinySwitch-II is ideal for low cost, high efficiency power supplies in a wide range of applications such as cellular phone chargers, PC standby, TV standby, AC adapters, motor control, appliance control and ISDN or a DSL network termination. The 132 kHz operation allows the use of a low cost EE13 or EF12.6 core transformer while still providing good efficiency. The frequency jitter in TinySwitch-II makes it possible to use a single inductor (or two small resistors for under 3 W applications if lower efficiency is acceptable) in conjunction with two input capacitors for input EMI filtering. The auto-restart function removes the need to oversize the output diode for short circuit conditions allowing the design to be optimized for low cost and maximum efficiency. In charger applications, it eliminates the need for a second optocoupler and Zener diode for open loop fault protection. Auto-restart also saves the cost of adding a fuse or increasing the power rating of the current sense resistors to survive reverse battery conditions. For applications requiring
Current Limit Operation
Each switching cycle is terminated when the DRAIN current reaches the current limit of the TinySwitch-II. Current limit operation provides good line ripple rejection and relatively constant power delivery independent of input voltage.
under-voltage lock out (UVLO), such as PC standby, the
TinySwitch-II eliminates several components and saves cost. TinySwitch-II is well suited for applications that require
constant voltage and constant current output. As TinySwitch-II is always powered from the input high voltage, it therefore does not rely on bias winding voltage. Consequently this greatly
BYPASS Pin Capacitor
The BYPASS pin uses a small 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor for
simplifies designing chargers that must work down to zero volts on the output.
decoupling the internal power supply of the TinySwitch-II.
7/01
B
7
TNY264/266-268
2.5 W CV/CC Cell-Phone Charger
As an example, Figure 14 shows a TNY264 based 5 V, 0.5 A, cellular phone charger operating over a universal input range (85-265 VAC). The inductor (L1) forms a π-filter in conjunction with C1 and C2. The resistor R1 damps resonances in the inductor L1. Frequency jittering operation of TinySwitch-II allows the use of a simple π-filter described above in combination with a single low value Y1-capacitor (C8) to meet worldwide conducted EMI standards. The addition of a shield winding in the transformer allows conducted EMI to be met even with the output capacitively earthed (which is the worst case condition for EMI). The diode D6, capacitor C3 and resistor R2 comprise the clamp circuit, limiting the leakage inductance turn-off voltage spike on the TinySwitch-II DRAIN pin to a safe value. The output voltage is determined by the sum of the optocoupler U2 LED forward drop (~1 V), and Zener diode VR1 voltage. Resistor R8 maintains a bias current through the Zener diode to ensure it is operated close to the Zener test current.
A simple constant current circuit is implemented using the V of transistor Q1 to sense the voltage across the current sense resistor R4. When the drop across R4 exceeds the VBE of transistor Q1, it turns on and takes over control of the loop by driving the optocoupler LED. Resistor R6 assures sufficient voltage to keep the control loop in operation down to zero volts at the output. With the output shorted, the drop across R4 and R6 (~1.2 V) is sufficient to keep the Q1 and LED circuit active. Resistors R7 and R9 limit the forward current that could be drawn through VR1 by Q1 under output short circuit conditions, due to the voltage drop across R4 and R6.
10 and 15 W PC Standby Circuits
Figures 15 and 16 show examples of circuits for PC standby applications. They both provide two outputs: an isolated 5 V and a 12V primary referenced output. The first, using TNY266P, provides 10W, and the second, using TNY267P, 15 W of output power. Both operate from an input range of 140 to 375VDC, corresponding to a 230 VAC or 100/115 VAC with doubler input. The designs take advantage of the line under­voltage detect, auto-restart and higher switching frequency of TinySwitch-II. Operation at 132 kHz allows the use of a smaller and lower cost transformer core, EE16 for 10 W and EE22 for 15 W. The removal of pin 6 from the 8 pin DIP TinySwitch-II packages provides a large creepage distance which improves reliability in high pollution environments such as fan cooled PC power supplies.
Capacitor C1 provides high frequency decoupling of the high voltage DC supply, only necessary if there is a long trace length from the DC bulk capacitors of the main supply. The line sense resistors R2 and R3 sense the DC input voltage for line under­voltage. When the AC is turned off, the under-voltage detect feature of the TinySwitch-II prevents auto-restart glitches at the output caused by the slow discharge of large storage capacitance in the main converter. This is achieved by preventing the TinySwitch-II from switching when the input voltage goes below a level needed to maintain output regulation, and keeping it off until the input voltage goes above the under-voltage threshold, when the AC is turned on again. With R2 and R3, giving a combined value of 4 M, the power up under-voltage threshold is set at 200 VDC, slightly below the lowest required operating DC input voltage, for start-up at 170 VAC, with doubler. This feature saves several components needed to implement the glitch-free turn-off compared with discrete or TOPSwitch-II based designs. During turn-on the rectified DC input voltage needs to exceed 200 V under-voltage threshold
BE
for the power supply to start operation. But, once the power supply is on it will continue to operate down to 140 V rectified DC input voltage to provide the required hold up time for the standby output.
The auxiliary primary side winding is rectified and filtered by D2 and C2 to create a 12 V primary bias output voltage for the main power supply primary controller. In addition, this voltage is used to power the TinySwitch-II via R4. Although not necessary for operation, supplying the TinySwitch-II externally reduces the device quiescent dissipation by disabling the internal drain derived current source normally used to keep the BYPASS pin capacitor (C3) charged. An R4 value of 10 k provides 600 µA into the BYPASS pin, which is slightly in excess of the current consumption of TinySwitch-II. The excess current is safely clamped by an on-chip active Zener diode to 6.3 V.
The secondary winding is rectified and filtered by D3 and C6. For a 15W design an additional output capacitor, C7, is required due to the larger secondary ripple currents compared to the 10W PC standby design. The auto-restart function limits output current during short circuit conditions, removing the need to over rate D3. Switching noise filtering is provided by L1 and C8. The 5V output is sensed by U2 and VR1. R5 is used to ensure that the Zener diode is biased at its test current.
The Zener regulation method provides sufficient accuracy (typ. ± 3%). This is possible because TinySwitch-II limits the dynamic range of the optocoupler LED current, allowing the Zener diode to operate at near constant bias current.
B
8
7/01
TNY264/266-268
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Continuous Output Power: 10.24 W
Efficiency: 75%
140-375
VDC
INPUT
0.01 µF
U1
TNY266P
+12 VDC 20 mA
C2
82 µF
35 V
0 V
Figure 15. 10 W PC Standby Supply.
C1
1 kV
1N4148
D
S
D2
10 k
EN BP
TinySwitch-II
R4
C3
0.1 µF 50 V
R1
200 k
R2
2 M
R3
2 M
C5
2.2 nF 1 kV
D1
1N4005
C4
1 nF Y1
1
2
4
5
T1
D3
1N5822
10
8
U2
SFH615-2
C6
1000 µF
10 V
VR1 BZX79B3V9
L1
10 µH
2 A
C8
470 µF
10 V
R5
150
+5 V (± 5%) 2 A
RTN
PI-2713-040901
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Continuous Output Power: 15.24 W
Efficiency: 78%
140-375
VDC
INPUT
U1
TNY267P
C1
0.01 µF 1 kV
+12 VDC 20 mA
C2
82 µF
35 V
0 V
Figure 16. 15 W PC Standby Supply.
1N4148
D
S
D2
10 k
EN BP
TinySwitch-II
R4
C3
0.1 µF 50 V
R1
100 k
R2
2 M
R3
2 M
C5
2.2 nF 1 kV
D1
1N4005
C4
1 nF Y1
1
2
4
5
T1
D3
SB540
10
8
U2
SFH615-2
C6
1000 µF
10 V
VR1 BZX79B3V9
C7
1000 µF
10 V
R5
150
L1
10 µH
3 A
C8
470 µF
10 V
+5 V (± 5%) 3 A
RTN
PI-2712-040901
7/01
B
9
TNY264/266-268
Key Application Considerations
TinySwitch-II
Table 2 compares the features and performance differences between the TNY254 device of the TinySwitch family with the TinySwitch-II family of devices. Many of the new features
Function
Switching Frequency 44 kHz ±10% (@25 °C) 132 kHz ±6% (@25 °C) Smaller transformer for low cost and Tolerance Ease of design Temperature Variation +8% +2% Manufacturability (0 - 100 °C)** Optimum design for lower cost
Active Frequency Jitter N/A* ±4 kHz Lower EMI minimizing filter
Transformer N/A* Yes - built into • Practically eliminates audible noise Audible Noise controller with ordinary dip varnished Reduction transformer – no special construction
Line UV Detect N/A* Single resistor Prevents power on/off glitches
Current Limit Tolerance ± 11% (@25 °C) ± 7% (@25 °C) Increases power capability and Temperature Variation -8% 0% simplifies design for high volume (0 - 100 °C)** manufacturing
vs.
TinySwitch
eliminate the need for or reduce the cost of circuit components. Other features simplify the design and enhance performance.
TinySwitch TinySwitch-II TinySwitch-II
TNY254 TNY264/266-268
component costs
or gluing required
programmable
Advantages
Auto-Restart N/A* 6% effective on-time Limits output short-circuit current to
less than full load current
- No output diode size penalty.
Protects load in open loop fault conditions
- No additional components
required
BYPASS Pin N/A* Internally clamped to • Allows TinySwitch-II to be powered Zener Clamp 6.3 V from a low voltage bias winding to
improve efficiency and to reduce on-chip power dissipation
DRAIN Creepage at 0.037 / 0.94 mm 0.137 / 3.48 mm Greater immunity to arcing as a Package result of dust, debris or other
contaminants build-up
*Not available. ** See typical performance curves.
Table 2. Comparison Between TinySwitch and TinySwitch-II.
Design
Output Power
Table 1 (front page) shows the practical maximum continuous output power levels that can be obtained under the following conditions:
1. The minimum DC input voltage is 90 V or higher for 85 VAC input, or 240 V or higher for 230 VAC input or 115 VAC input with a voltage doubler. This corresponds to a filter capacitor of 3 µF/W for universal input and 1 µF/W for 230 or 115 VAC with doubler input.
10
B 7/01
TNY264/266-268
2. A secondary output of 5 V with a Schottky rectifier diode.
3. Assumed efficiency of 77% (TNY267 & TNY268), 75% (TNY266) and 73% (TNY264).
4. The parts are board mounted with SOURCE pins soldered to sufficient area of copper to keep the die temperature at or below 100 °C.
In addition to the thermal environment (sealed enclosure, ventilated, open frame, etc.), the maximum power capability of TinySwitch-II in a given application depends on transformer core size and design (continuous or discontinuous), efficiency, minimum specified input voltage, input storage capacitance, output voltage, output diode forward drop, etc., and can be different from the values shown in Table 1.
Audible Noise
The TinySwitch-II practically eliminates any transformer audio noise using simple ordinary varnished transformer construction. No gluing of the cores is needed. The audio noise reduction is accomplished by the TinySwitch-II controller reducing the current limit in discrete steps as the load is reduced. This minimizes the flux density in the transformer when switching at audio frequencies.
Worst Case EMI & Efficiency Measurement
Since identical TinySwitch-II supplies may operate at several different frequencies under the same load and line conditions, care must be taken to ensure that measurements are made under worst case conditions. When measuring efficiency or EMI verify that the TinySwitch-II is operating at maximum frequency and that measurements are made at both low and high line input voltages to ensure the worst case result is obtained.
Layout
Single Point Grounding
Use a single point ground connection at the SOURCE pin for the BYPASS pin capacitor and the Input Filter Capacitor (see Figure 17).
Thermal Considerations
Copper underneath the TinySwitch-II acts not only as a single point ground, but also as a heatsink. The hatched areas shown in Figure17 should be maximized for good heat sinking of TinySwitch-II and the same applies to the output diode.
EN/UV pin
If a line under-voltage detect resistor is used then the resistor should be mounted as close as possible to the EN/UV pin to minimize noise pick up.
The voltage rating of a resistor should be considered for the under-voltage detect (Figure 15: R2, R3) resistors. For 1/4W resistors, the voltage rating is typically 200V continuous, whereas for 1/2W resistors the rating is typically 400V continuous.
Y-Capacitor
The placement of the Y-capacitor should be directly from the primary bulk capacitor positive rail to the common/return terminal on the secondary side. Such placement will maximize the EMI benefit of the Y-capacitor and avoid problems in common-mode surge testing.
Optocoupler
It is important to maintain the minimum circuit path from the optocoupler transistor to the TinySwitch-II EN/UV and SOURCE pins to minimize noise coupling.
The EN/UV pin connection to the optocoupler should be kept to an absolute minimum (less than 12.7 mm or 0.5 in.), and this connection should be kept away from the DRAIN pin (minimum of 5.1 mm or 0.2 in.).
Output Diode
For best performance, the area of the loop connecting the secondary winding, the Output Diode and the Output Filter Capacitor, should be minimized. See Figure17 for optimized layout. In addition, sufficient copper area should be provided at the anode and cathode terminals of the diode for adequate heatsinking.
Primary Loop Area
The area of the primary loop that connects the input filter capacitor, transformer primary and TinySwitch-II together should be kept as small as possible.
Primary Clamp Circuit
A clamp is used to limit peak voltage on the DRAIN pin at turn­off. This can be achieved by using an RCD clamp (as shown in Figure 14). A Zener and diode clamp (200 V) across the primary or a single 550V Zener clamp from DRAIN to SOURCE can also be used. In all cases care should be taken to minimize the circuit path from the clamp components to the transformer and TinySwitch-II.
Input and Output Filter Capacitors
There are constrictions in the traces connected to the input and output filter capacitors. These constrictions are present for two reasons. The first is to force all the high frequency currents to flow through the capacitor (if the trace were wide then it could flow around the capacitor). Secondly, the constrictions minimize the heat transferred from the TinySwitch-II to the input filter capacitor and from the secondary diode to the output filter capacitor. The common/return (the negative output terminal in Figure17) terminal of the output filter capacitor should be connected with a short, low impedance path to the secondary winding. In addition, the common/return output connection
B
11
7/01
TNY264/266-268
+
Input Filter Capacitor
Safety Spacing
Y1-
Capacitor
Output Filter Capacitor
HV
PRI
T
r a n s
f
D
S
o
r
m
TOP VIEW
C
BP
TinySwitch-II
BP
S
EN/UV
e
r
Opto-
coupler
DC
Out
Maximize hatched copper areas ( ) for optimum heat sinking
Figure 17. Recommended Circuit Board Layout for TinySwitch-II with Under-Voltage Lock Out Resistor.
should be taken directly from the secondary winding pin and not from the Y-capacitor connection point.
PC Board Cleaning
Power Integrations does not recommend the use of no clean flux.
SEC
+
PI-2707-012901
For the most up-to-date information visit the PI Web site at: www.powerint.com
B
12
7/01
TNY264/266-268
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DRAIN Voltage ....................................... - 0.3 V to 700 V
Peak DRAIN Current (TNY264) ...........................400 mA
Peak DRAIN Current (TNY266) ...........................560 mA
Peak DRAIN Current (TNY267) ...........................720 mA
Peak DRAIN Current (TNY268) ...........................880 mA
EN/UV Voltage............................................ - 0.3 V to 9 V
EN/UV Current ......................................................100 mA
THERMAL IMPEDANCE
Thermal Impedance: P/G Package:
(θJA) ........ 45 °C/W
(θJC)
(1)
.......................... 11 °C/W
(2)
; 35 °C/W
Conditions
Parameter
Symbol
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C
See Figure 18
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
(1)
BYPASS Voltage.......................................... -0.3 V to 9 V
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65 to 150 °C
Operating Junction Temperature Lead Temperature
(3)
................................................ 260 °C
(2)
................-40 to 150 °C
Notes:
1. All voltages referenced to SOURCE, TA = 25 °C.
2. Normally limited by internal circuitry.
3. 1/16" from case for 5 seconds.
Notes:
(3)
1. Measured on the SOURCE pin close to plastic interface.
2. Soldered to 0.36 sq. inch (232 mm
2
), 2oz. (610 gm/m2) copper clad.
3. Soldered to 1 sq. inch (645 mm2), 2oz. (610 gm/m2) copper clad.
Min Typ Max
Units
Output Frequency
Maximum Duty Cycle
EN/UV Pin Turnoff Threshold Current
EN/UV Pin Voltage
DRAIN Supply Current
BYPASS Pin Charge Current
BYPASS Pin Voltage
DC
f
I
V
I
I
V
OSC
DIS
EN
I
S1
I
S2
CH1
CH2
BP
MAX
TJ = 25 °C
See Figure 4
S1 Open
T
= -40 °C to 125 °C
J
I
EN/UV
I
EN/UV
V
EN/UV
EN/UV Open
(MOSFET
Switching)
See Note A, B
VBP = 0 V,
TJ = 25 °C
See Note C, D
VBP = 4 V,
TJ = 25 °C
See Note C, D
See Note C
Average
Peak-Peak Jitter
= -125 µA
= 25 µA
= 0 V
TNY264
TNY266 TNY267 TNY268
TNY264
TNY266-268
TNY264
TNY266-268
124 132 140
8
62 65 68
-300 -240 -170
0.4 1.0 1.5
1.3 2.3 2.7 320 430 500
170 225 270
200 265 320 240 315 380 285 380 460
-5.5 -3.3 -1.8
-7.5 -4.6 -2.5
-3.8 -2.0 -1.0
-4.5 -3.0 -1.5
5.6 5.85 6.15
kHz
%
µA
V
µA
µA
mA
V
BYPASS Pin Voltage Hysteresis
V
BPH
0.80 0.95 1.20
7/01
V
B
13
TNY264/266-268
Parameter Symbol
CONTROL FUNCTIONS (cont.)
Conditions
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C
See Figure 18
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
Min
Typ Max
Units
EN/UV Pin Line Under-voltage Threshold
CIRCUIT PROTECTION
Current Limit
Initial Current Limit
Leading Edge Blanking Time
Current Limit Delay
I
I
LIMIT
I
t
LUV
INIT
LEB
t
ILD
TNY264
TJ = 25 °C
TNY266
TJ = 25 °C
TNY267
TJ = 25 °C
TNY268
TJ = 25 °C
See Figure 21
See Note F, G
TJ = 25 °C
di/dt = 50 mA/µs
di/dt = 70 mA/µs
di/dt = 90 mA/µs
di/dt = 110 mA/µs
TJ = 25 °C TJ = 25 °C
See Note F
TJ = 25 °C
See Note E
See Note E
See Note E
See Note E
49
233 250 267
325 350 375
419 450 481
512 550 588
0.65 x
I
LIMIT (MIN)
170 215
150
5444
µA
mA
mA
ns
ns
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
OUTPUT
ON-State Resistance
OFF-State Leakage
B
14
7/01
R
DS(ON)
I
DSS
TNY264
ID = 25 mA
TNY266
ID = 35 mA
TNY267
ID = 45 mA
TNY268
ID = 55 mA
VBP = 6.2 V, V
= 0 V,
EN/UV
V
= 560 V,
DS
TJ = 125 °C
TJ = 25 °C
TJ = 100 °C
TJ = 25 °C
TJ = 100 °C
TJ = 25 °C
TJ = 100 °C
TJ = 25 °C
TJ = 100 °C
TNY264 TNY266
TNY267 TNY268
125 135 150
70
28 32
42 48 14 16 21 24
7.8 9.0
11.7 13.5
5.2 6.0
7.8 9.0
50
100
°C
°C
µA
Conditions
Parameter Symbol SOURCE = 0 V; T
See Figure 18
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
OUTPUT (cont.)
= -40 to 125 °C
J
Min
Typ
TNY264/266-268
Max
Units
Breakdown Voltage
Rise Time
BV
t
DSS
R
I
VBP = 6.2 V, V
= 100 µA, TJ = 25 °C
DS
Measured in a Typical Flyback
Converter Application
Fall Time
t
F
Drain Supply Voltage
Output EN/UV Delay
Output Disable Setup Time
Auto-Restart ON-Time
Auto-Restart Duty Cycle
NOTES:
A. Total current consumption is the sum of IS1 and I
and the sum of IS2 and I
t
EN/UV
t
DST
t
AR
DC
AR
when EN/UV pin is open (MOSFET switching).
DSS
See Figure 20
= 0 V,
EN/UV
700
50
50
50
10
0.5
TJ = 25 °C
See Note H
50
5.6
when EN/UV pin is shorted to ground (MOSFET not switching)
DSS
V
ns
ns
V
µs
µs
ms
%
B Since the output MOSFET is switching, it is difficult to isolate the switching current from the supply current at the
DRAIN. An alternative is to measure the BYPASS pin current at 6.1 V. C. BYPASS pin is not intended for sourcing supply current to external circuitry. D. See typical performance characteristics section for BYPASS pin start-up charging waveform. E. For current limit at other di/dt values, refer to Figure 25. F. This parameter is derived from characterization. G. This parameter is derived from the change in current limit measured at 1X and 4X of the di/dt shown in the I
LIMIT
specification. H. Auto-restart on time has the same temperature characteristics as the oscillator (inversely proportional to
frequency).
B
15
7/01
TNY264/266-268
EN/UV
D
S
S
S
BPS
NOTE: This test circuit is not applicable for current limit or output characteristic measurements.
Figure 18. TinySwitch-II General Test Circuit.
t
2
t
1
HV
90%
DRAIN
VOLTAGE
10%
0 V
Figure 19. TinySwitch-II Duty Cycle Measurement.
D =
0.1 µF
90%
t
1
t
2
PI-2048-033001
2 M
470
5 W
S2
470
S1
50 V
10 V
150 V
DC
MAX
(internal signal)
t
P
EN/UV
t
V
DRAIN
1
tP =
f
OSC
Figure 20. TinySwitch-II Output Enable Timing.
EN/UV
PI-2686-101700
PI-2364-012699
16
B 7/01
t
(Blanking Time)
1.3
LEB
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
I
INIT(MIN)
I
LIMIT(MIN)
@ 100 °C
0.4
0.3
0.2
DRAIN Current (normalized)
0.1 0
012 6 83
45 7
Time (µs)
Figure 21. Current Limit Envelope.
PI-2362-052301
Typical Performance Characteristics
TNY264/266-268
1.1
1.0
Breakdown Voltage
(Normalized to 25 °C)
0.9
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Junction Temperature (°C)
Figure 22. Breakdown vs. Temperature.
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Current Limit
(Normalized to 25 °C)
0.2
TNY264/266 TNY267 TNY268
PI-2213-012301
PI-2714-031401
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Output Frequency
Normalized to 25 °C
0.2
0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Junction Temperature (°C)
Figure 23. Frequency vs. Temperature.
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
Normalized
0.6
TNY264 50 mA/µs 250 mA
0.4
Normalized Current Limit
0.2
TNY266 70 mA/µs 350 mA TNY267 90 mA/µs 450 mA TNY268 110 mA/µs 550 mA
di/dt = 1
Normalized
Current
Limit = 1
PI-2680-012301
PI-2697-012301
0
-50
0 50 100 150
Temperature (°C)
Figure 24. Current Limit vs. Temperature.
7
6 5 4
3 2 1
BYPASS Pin Voltage (V)
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
Time (ms)
Figure 26. Bypass Pin Start-up Waveform.
1.0
PI-2240-012301
0
1234
Normalized di/dt
Figure 25. Current Limit vs. di/dt.
300
T
=25 °C
CASE
=100 °C
T
250
200
150
Scaling Factors: TNY264 1.0
TNY266 2.0 TNY267 3.5 TNY268 5.5
CASE
100
Drain Current (mA)
50
0
0246810
Drain Voltage (V)
Figure 27. Output Characteristic.
PI-2221-031401
B
7/01
17
TNY264/266-268
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
1000
100
10
Drain Capacitance (pF)
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Drain Voltage (V)
Figure 28. C
vs. Drain Voltage.
OSS
Scaling Factors:
TNY264 1.0 TNY266 2.0 TNY267 3.5 TNY268 5.5
1.2
1.0
0.8
PI-2683-031401
35
30
25
20
15
Power (mW)
10
5
0
0 200 400 600
Scaling Factors: TNY264 1.0
TNY266 2.0 TNY267 3.5 TNY268 5.5
Drain Voltage (V)
Figure 29. Drain Capacitance Power.
PI-2698-012301
PI-2225-031401
0.6
0.4
(Normalized to 25 °C)
0.2
Under-Voltage Threshold
0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Figure 30. Undervoltage Threshold vs. Temperature.
PART ORDERING INFORMATION
TNY 264 G - TL
Junction Temperature (°C)
TinySwitch Product Family Series Number Package Identifier
G Plastic Surface Mount DIP P Plastic DIP
Package/Lead Options
Blank Standard Configurations
TL Tape & Reel, 1 k pcs minimum, G Package only
18
B 7/01
-E-
.245 (6.22) .255 (6.48)
Pin 1
-D-
.128 (3.25) .132 (3.35)
-T­SEATING PLANE
.100 (2.54) BSC
D S
.375 (9.53) .385 (9.78)
.014 (.36) .022 (.56)
.004 (.10)
T E D S
.048 (1.22) .053 (1.35)
.010 (.25) M
.057 (1.45) .063 (1.60)
(NOTE 6)
0.15 (.38)
MINIMUM
.125 (3.18) .135 (3.43)
DIP-8B
Notes:
1. Package dimensions conform to JEDEC specification MS-001-AB (Issue B 7/85) for standard dual-in-line (DIP) package with .300 inch row spacing.
2. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter sizes are shown in parentheses.
3. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .006 (.15) on any side.
4. Pin locations start with Pin 1, and continue counter-clock­ wise to Pin 8 when viewed from the top. The notch and/or dimple are aids in locating Pin 1. Pin 6 is omitted.
5. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for the omitted lead location is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
6. Lead width measured at package body.
7. Lead spacing measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to plane T.
.010 (.25) .015 (.38)
.300 (7.62) BSC
(NOTE 7)
.300 (7.62) .390 (9.91)
TNY264/266-268
P08B
PI-2551-101599
-E-
.245 (6.22) .255 (6.48)
Pin 1
-D-
.128 (3.25) .132 (3.35)
.032 (.81) .037 (.94)
D S
.004 (.10)
.100 (2.54) (BSC)
.375 (9.53) .385 (9.78)
.048 (1.22) .053 (1.35)
.372 (9.45) .388 (9.86)
E S
.057 (1.45) .063 (1.60)
(NOTE 5)
.009 (.23)
.010 (.25)
SMD-8B
Heat Sink is 2 oz. Copper
As Big As Possible
Pin 1
Solder Pad Dimensions
.004 (.10) .012 (.30)
.046
.060
.086
.186
.004 (.10)
.036 (0.91) .044 (1.12)
.286
.060
.046
.080
Notes:
1. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter sizes are shown in parentheses.
2. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .006 (.15) on any side.
.420
3. Pin locations start with Pin 1, and continue counter-clock Pin 8 when viewed from the top. Pin 6 is omitted.
4. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for the omitted lead location is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
5. Lead width measured at package body.
6. D and E are referenced datums on the package body.
°
°
8
0 -
PI-2546-040501
G08B
7/01
B
19
TNY264/266-268
Revision
A B
Notes
-
1) Corrected first page spacing and sentence in description describing innovative design.
2) Corrected Frequency Jitter in Figure 4 and Frequency Jitter in Parameter Table.
3) Added last sentence to Over Temperature Protection section.
4) Clarified detecting when there is no external resistor connected to the EN/UV pin.
5) Corrected Figure 6 and its description in the text.
6) Corrected formatting, grammer and style errors in text and figures.
7) Corrected and moved Worst Case EMI & Efficiency Measurement section
8) Added PC Board Cleaning section.
9) Replaced Figure 21 and SMD-8B Package Drawing.
Date 3/01
7/01
For the latest updates, visit our Web site: www.powerint.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein, nor does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others.
The PI Logo,
TOPSwitch, TinySwitch
and
EcoSmart
are registered trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc.
©Copyright 2001, Power Integrations, Inc.
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20
B 7/01
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