Low voltage operation (2.7 V to 5.5 V)
Calibrated directly in °C
10 mV/°C scale factor (20 mV/°C on TMP37)
±2°C accuracy over temperature (typ)
±0.5°C linearity (typ)
Stable with large capacitive loads
Specified −40°C to +125°C, operation to +150°C
Less than 50 μA quiescent current
Shutdown current 0.5 μA max
Low self-heating
Qualified for automotive applications
APPLICATIONS
Environmental control systems
Thermal protection
Industrial process control
Fire alarms
Power system monitors
CPU thermal management
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 are low voltage, precision centigrade temperature sensors. They provide a voltage output that
is linearly proportional to the Celsius (centigrade) temperature.
The TMP35/ TMP36/TMP37 do not require any external
calibration to provide typical accuracies of ±1°C at +25°C
and ±2°C over the −40°C to +125°C temperature range.
The low output impedance of the TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 and
its linear output and precise calibration simplify interfacing to
temperature control circuitry and ADCs. All three devices are
intended for single-supply operation from 2.7 V to 5.5 V maximum. The supply current runs well below 50 μA, providing
very low self-heating—less than 0.1°C in still air. In addition, a
shutdown function is provided to cut the supply current to less
than 0.5 μA.
The TMP35 is functionally compatible with the LM35/LM45
and provides a 250 mV output at 25°C. The TMP35 reads
temperatures from 10°C to 125°C. The TMP36 is specified from
−40°C to +125°C, provides a 750 mV output at 25°C, and
operates to 125°C from a single 2.7 V supply. The TMP36 is
functionally compatible with the LM50. Both the TMP35 and
TMP36 have an output scale factor of 10 mV/°C.
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
+
(2.7V TO 5.5V)
S
SHUTDOWN
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
V
1
OUT
+V
2
S
3
NC
NC = NO CONNECT
1
V
OUT
2
NC
3
NC
4
GND
NC = NO CONNECT
PIN 1, +V
The TMP37 is intended for applications over the range of 5°C
to 100°C and provides an output scale factor of 20 mV/°C. The
TMP37 provides a 500 mV output at 25°C. Operation extends
to 150°C with reduced accuracy for all devices when operating
from a 5 V supply.
The TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 are available in low cost 3-lead
TO-92, 8-lead SOIC_N, and 5-lead SOT-23 surface-mount
packages.
TMP35/
TMP36/
TMP37
Figure 1.
GND
5
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
4
SHUTDOWN
Figure 2. RJ-5 (SOT-23)
8
+V
S
7
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
NC
6
NC
SHUTDOWN
5
Figure 3. R-8 (SOIC_N)
2
13
BOTTOM VIEW
(Not to Scale)
; PIN 2, V
S
; PIN 3, GND
OUT
Figure 4. T-3 (TO-92)
V
OUT
00337-004
00337-001
00337-002
00337-003
Rev. F
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Edits to Specifications.......................................................................2
Addition of New Figure 1.................................................................2
Deletion of Wafer Test Limits Section ............................................3
6/97—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
3/96—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. F | Page 2 of 20
Page 3
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
SPECIFICATIONS
VS = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter1 Symbol Test Conditions/Comments Min Typ Max Unit
ACCURACY
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 (F Grade) TA = 25°C ±1 ±2 °C
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 (G Grade) TA = 25°C ±1 ±3 °C
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 (F Grade) Over rated temperature ±2 ±3 °C
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 (G Grade) Over rated temperature ±2 ±4 °C
Scale Factor, TMP35 10°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C 10 mV/°C
Scale Factor, TMP36 −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 10 mV/°C
Scale Factor, TMP37 5°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C 20 mV/°C
5°C ≤ TA ≤ 100°C 20 mV/°C
3.0 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V
Load Regulation 0 μA ≤ IL ≤ 50 μA
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +105°C 6 20 m°C/μA
−105°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 25 60 m°C/μA
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR TA = 25°C 30 100 m°C/V
3.0 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V 50 m°C/V
Linearity 0.5 °C
Long-Term Stability TA = 150°C for 1 kHz 0.4 °C
SHUTDOWN
Logic High Input Voltage VIH VS = 2.7 V1.8 V
Logic Low Input Voltage VIL VS = 5.5 V400 mV
OUTPUT
TMP35 Output Voltage TA = 25°C 250 mV
TMP36 Output Voltage TA = 25°C750 mV
TMP37 Output Voltage TA = 25°C500 mV
Output Voltage Range 100 2000 mV
Output Load Current IL 0 50 μA
Short-Circuit Current ISC Note 2 250 μA
Capacitive Load Driving CL
Device Turn-On Time
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Range VS 2.7 5.5 V
Supply Current ISY (ON)Unloaded 50 μA
Supply Current (Shutdown) ISY (OFF)Unloaded 0.01 0.5 μA
1
Does not consider errors caused by self-heating.
2
Guaranteed but not tested.
No oscillations
Output within ±1°C, 100 kΩ||100 pF load
2
1000 10000 pF
2
0.5 1 ms
Rev. F | Page 3 of 20
Page 4
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.
Parameter
1, 2
Rating
Supply Voltage 7 V
Shutdown Pin
Output Pin GND ≤ V
GND ≤ SHUTDOWN
≤ +VS
OUT
Operating Temperature Range −55°C to +150°C
Die Junction Temperature 175°C
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +160°C
IR Reflow Soldering
Peak Temperature 220°C (0°C/5°C)
Time at Peak Temperature Range 10 sec to 20 sec
Ramp-Up Rate 3°C/sec
Ramp-Down Rate −6°C/sec
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature 6 min
IR Reflow Soldering—Pb-Free Package
Peak Temperature 260°C (0°C)
Time at Peak Temperature Range 20 sec to 40 sec
Ramp-Up Rate 3°C/sec
Ramp-Down Rate −6°C/sec
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature 8 min
1
Digital inputs are protected; however, permanent damage can occur on
unprotected units from high energy electrostatic fields. Keep units in
conductive foam or packaging at all times until ready to use. Use proper
antistatic handling procedures.
2
Remove power before inserting or removing units from their sockets.
≤ +VS
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device in
socket.
Figure 5. Load Regulation vs. Temperature (m°C/μA)
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
OUTPUT VOL TAGE (V)
0.4
0.2
a. TMP35
b. TMP36
c. TMP37
+V
= 3V
S
0
–50–250255075100125
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
Figure 6. Output Voltage vs. Temperature
0.1
POWER SUPPLY REJECTI ON (°C/V)
00337-005
0
–50125–250255075100
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
00337-009
Figure 8. Power Supply Rejection vs. Temperature
100.000
c
b
a
00337-007
31.600
10.000
3.160
1.000
0.320
0.100
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION (°C/V)
0.032
0.010
20100k1001k10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
00337-010
Figure 9. Power Supply Rejection vs. Frequency
5
4
3
a
2
1
0
–1
–2
ACCURACY ERROR (°C)
–3
–4
–5
020406080100120140
a. MAXIMUM LIMIT (G GRADE)
b. TYPICAL ACCURACY ERROR
c. MINIMUM LIMIT (G GRADE)
b
c
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. Accuracy Error vs. Temperature
00337-008
Rev. F | Page 5 of 20
5
MINIMUM SUPPLY VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO MEET
DATA SHEET SPECIFICATION
4
NO LOAD
3
2
1
MINIMUM SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
a. TMP35/TMP36
b. TMP37
0
–50125–250255075100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 10. Minimum Supply Voltage vs. Temperature
b
a
00337-011
Page 6
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
60
a. +VS = 5V
b. +V
= 3V
50
40
30
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
20
S
NO LOAD
a
b
400
300
200
RESPONSE TIME (µs)
100
= +VS AND SHUTDOWN PINS
HIGH TO LOW (3V TO 0V)
AND SHUTDOWN PI NS
= +V
S
LOW TO HIGH (0V TO 3V)
SETTLES WITHIN ±1°C
V
OUT
10
–50125–250 255075100
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
Figure 11. Supply Current vs. Temperature
50
TA = 25°C, NO LOAD
40
A)
μ
30
20
SUPPLY CURRENT (
10
0
07123 456
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 12. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
50
a. +VS= 5V
b. +V
= 3V
S
NO LOA D
255075
0
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
a
SUPPLY CURRENT (nA)
40
30
20
10
0
–50125–25
Figure 13. Supply Current vs. Temperature (Shutdown = 0 V)
100
00337-012
0
–50125–250255075
Figure 14. V
Response Time for +VS Power-Up/Power-Down vs.
OUT
TEMPERATURE (° C)
100
00337-015
Temperature
400
= SHUTDOWN PIN
HIGH TO LOW (3V TO 0V)
300
200
RESPONSE T IME (µs)
100
8
00337-013
0
–50125–250255075
Figure 15. V
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.8
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.6
0.4
b
00337-014
0.2
Response Time for
OUT
TA = 25°C
+V
SHUTDOWN =
SIGNAL
0
TA = 25°C
+V
AND SHUTDOWN =
S
0
–50250010050150 200300 350 400 450
Figure 16. V
Response Time to
OUT
= SHUTDOWN PI N
LOW TO HIGH (0V TO 3V)
SETTLES WITHIN ±1°C
V
OUT
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SHUTDOWN
= 3V
S
SIGNAL
TIME (µs)
SHUTDOWN
100
00337-016
Pin vs. Temperature
00337-017
Pin and +VS Pin vs. Time
Rev. F | Page 6 of 20
Page 7
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
CHANGE (%)
40
30
20
10
0
0
a
b
a. TMP35 SO IC SOL DERED TO 0. 5" × 0.3" Cu P CB
b. TMP36 SOIC SOLDERED TO 0.6" × 0.4" Cu PCB
c. TMP35 T O-92 IN SO CKET SOLDERED TO
1" × 0.4" Cu PCB
100
c
200300400500600
TIME (s)
+VS = 3V, 5V
Figure 17. Thermal Response Time in Still Air
10mV
100
90
VOLT/DIVISION
10
0%
00337-034
TIME/DIVISION
1ms
00337-019
Figure 20. Temperature Sensor Wideband Output Noise Voltage;
Gain = 100, BW = 157 kHz
140
a. TMP35 SOIC SOL DERED TO 0.5" × 0.3" Cu P CB
120
100
80
60
TIME CONST ANT (s)
40
20
0
0100200300400500600
b. TMP36 SOIC SOLDERED TO 0.6" × 0.4" Cu PCB
c. TMP35 TO-92 IN SOCKET SOLDERED TO
1" × 0.4" Cu PCB
+VS = 3V, 5V
b
c
a
AIR VELOCI TY (FPM)
Figure 18. Thermal Response Time Constant in Forced Air
00337-018
700
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/ Hz)
a. TMP35/TMP36
b. TMP37
200
0
1010k1001k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 21. Voltage Noise Spectral Density vs. Frequency
b
a
00337-020
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
CHANGE (%)
40
30
20
10
0
a
c
b
a. TMP35 SO IC SOL DERED TO 0.5" × 0.3" Cu P CB
b. TMP36 SOIC SO LDERED TO 0.6" × 0.4" Cu PCB
c. TMP35 T O-92 IN SO CKET SOL DERED TO
1" × 0.4" Cu PCB
0
10
+VS = 3V, 5V
2030405060
TIME (s)
Figure 19. Thermal Response Time in Stirred Oil Bath
00337-035
Rev. F | Page 7 of 20
Page 8
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
An equivalent circuit for the TMP3x family of micropower,
centigrade temperature sensors is shown in Figure 22. The core
of the temperature sensor is a band gap core that comprises
transistors Q1 and Q2, biased by Q3 to approximately 8 μA. The
band gap core operates both Q1 and Q2 at the same collector
current level; however, because the emitter area of Q1 is 10
times that of Q2, the V
by the following relationship:
×=Δ
VVln
BE
T
Resistors R1 and R2 are used to scale this result to produce
the output voltage transfer characteristic of each temperature
sensor and, simultaneously, R2 and R3 are used to scale the V
Q1 as an offset term in V
in the output characteristics of the three temperature sensors.
The output voltage of the temperature sensor is available at the
emitter of Q4, which buffers the band gap core and provides
load current drive. The current gain of Q4, working with the
available base current drive from the previous stage, sets the
short-circuit current limit of these devices to 250 μA.
of Q1 and the VBE of Q2 are not equal
BE
⎞
⎛
A
E,Q1
⎟
⎜
⎜
⎝
⎟
A
E,Q2
⎠
. Tab l e 4 summarizes the differences
OUT
of
BE
+V
S
SHUTDOWN
Q2
10X
1X
Q1
7.5µA
Q3
Q4
V
OUT
6X
GND
Figure 22. Temperature Sensor Simplified Equivalent Circuit
25µA
3X
2X
R1
R3
R2
Table 4. TMP3x Output Characteristics
Sensor
Offset
Voltage (V)
Output Voltage
Scaling (mV/°C)
Output Voltage
@ 25°C (mV)
TMP35 0 10 250
TMP36 0.5 10 750
TMP37 0 20 500
2X
00337-006
Rev. F | Page 8 of 20
Page 9
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
SHUTDOWN OPERATION
All TMP3x devices include a shutdown capability, which
reduces the power supply drain to less than 0.5 μA maximum.
This feature, available only in the SOIC_N and the SOT-23
packages, is TTL/CMOS level-compatible, provided that the
temperature sensor supply voltage is equal in magnitude to the
logic supply voltage. Internal to the TMP3x at the
pin, a pull-up current source to +V
SHUTDOWN
the
pin to be driven from an open-collector/drain
is connected. This allows
S
driver. A logic low, or zero-volt condition, on the
SHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN
pin is required to turn off the output stage. During shutdown,
the output of the temperature sensors becomes high impedance
where the potential of the output pin is then determined by
external circuitry. If the shutdown feature is not used, it is
recommended that the
SHUTDOWN
pin be connected to +VS
(Pin 8 on the SOIC_N; Pin 2 on the SOT-23).
The shutdown response time of these temperature sensors is
shown in Figure 14, Figure 15, and Figure 16.
MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS
If the TMP3x temperature sensors are thermally attached and
protected, they can be used in any temperature measurement
application where the maximum temperature range of the
medium is between −40°C and +125°C. Properly cemented or
glued to the surface of the medium, these sensors are within
0.01°C of the surface temperature. Caution should be exercised,
especially with T-3 packages, because the leads and any wiring
to the device can act as heat pipes, introducing errors if the
surrounding air-surface interface is not isothermal. Avoiding this
condition is easily achieved by dabbing the leads of the temperature sensor and the hookup wires with a bead of thermally
conductive epoxy. This ensures that the TMP3x die temperature
is not affected by the surrounding air temperature. Because
plastic IC packaging technology is used, excessive mechanical
stress should be avoided when fastening the device with a clamp
or a screw-on heat tab. Thermally conductive epoxy or glue,
which must be electrically nonconductive, is recommended
under typical mounting conditions.
These temperature sensors, as well as any associated circuitry,
should be kept insulated and dry to avoid leakage and corrosion.
In wet or corrosive environments, any electrically isolated metal
or ceramic well can be used to shield the temperature sensors.
Condensation at very cold temperatures can cause errors and
should be avoided by sealing the device, using electrically nonconductive epoxy paints or dip or any one of the many printed
circuit board coatings and varnishes.
THERMAL ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS
The thermal environment in which the TMP3x sensors are used
determines two important characteristics: self-heating effects
and thermal response time. Figure 23 illustrates a thermal model
of the TMP3x temperature sensors, which is useful in understanding these characteristics.
T
C
P
D
CH
Figure 23. Thermal Circuit Model
In the T-3 package, the thermal resistance junction-to-case, θJC,
is 120°C/W. The thermal resistance case-to-ambient, C
difference between θ
JA
acteristics of the thermal connection. The power dissipation of
the temperature sensor, P
across the device and its total supply current, including any
current delivered to the load. The rise in die temperature above
the ambient temperature of the medium is given by
T
= PD × (θJC + θCA) + TA
J
Thus, the die temperature rise of a TMP35 SOT-23 package
mounted into a socket in still air at 25°C and driven from a 5 V
supply is less than 0.04°C.
The transient response of the TMP3x sensors to a step change
in the temperature is determined by the thermal resistances and
the thermal capacities of the die, C
thermal capacity of C
C
because it includes anything in direct contact with the package.
In all practical cases, the thermal capacity of C
factor in the thermal response time of the sensor and can be
represented by a single-pole RC time constant response. Figure
17 and Figure 19 show the thermal response time of the TMP3x
sensors under various conditions. The thermal time constant
of a temperature sensor is defined as the time required for the
sensor to reach 63.2% of the final value for a step change in the
temperature. For example, the thermal time constant of a
TMP35 SOIC package sensor mounted onto a 0.5" × 0.3" PCB is
less than 50 sec in air, whereas in a stirred oil bath, the time
constant is less than 3 sec.
θ
J
JC
T
C
C
θ
C
CA
, is the
A
and θJC, and is determined by the char-
, is the product of the total voltage
D
, and the case, CC. The
CH
varies with the measurement medium
is the limiting
C
T
A
00337-021
Rev. F | Page 9 of 20
Page 10
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
V
V
S
V
BASIC TEMPERATURE SENSOR CONNECTIONS
Figure 24 illustrates the basic circuit configuration for the
TMP3x family of temperature sensors. The table in Figure 24
shows the pin assignments of the temperature sensors for the
three package types. For the SOT-23, Pin 3 is labeled NC, as are
Pin 2, Pin 3, Pin 6, and Pin 7 on the SOIC_N package. It is
recommended that no electrical connections be made to these
pins. If the shutdown feature is not needed on the SOT-23 or
on the SOIC_N package, the
HUTDOWN
.
S
connected to +V
SHUTDOWN
2.7V < +
S
+V
S
TMP3x
GND
< 5.5
pin should be
0.1µF
V
OUT
FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETERS
Although the TMP3x temperature sensors are centigrade
temperature sensors, a few components can be used to convert
the output voltage and transfer characteristics to directly read
Fahrenheit temperatures. Figure 25 shows an example of a
simple Fahrenheit thermometer using either the TMP35 or the
TMP37. Using the TMP35, this circuit can be used to sense
temperatures from 41°F to 257°F with an output transfer
characteristic of 1 mV/°F; using the TMP37, this circuit can be
used to sense temperatures from 41°F to 212°F with an output
transfer characteristic of 2 mV/°F. This particular approach
does not lend itself to the TMP36 because of its inherent 0.5 V
output offset. The circuit is constructed with an AD589, a 1.23 V
voltage reference, and four resistors whose values for each sensor
are shown in the table in Figure 25. The scaling of the output
resistance levels ensures minimum output loading on the temperature sensors. A generalized expression for the transfer
equation of the circuit is given by
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
GND
V
OUT
SHUTDOWN
00337-022
PACKAGE
SOIC_N8415
SOT-232514
TO-92132NA
Figure 24. Basic Temperature Sensor Circuit Configuration
+V
S
Note the 0.1 μF bypass capacitor on the input. This capacitor
should be a ceramic type, have very short leads (surface-mount
is preferable), and be located as close as possible in physical
proximity to the temperature sensor supply pin. Because these
temperature sensors operate on very little supply current and
may be exposed to very hostile electrical environments, it is
important to minimize the effects of radio frequency interference
(RFI) on these devices. The effect of RFI on these temperature
sensors specifically and on analog ICs in general is manifested as
abnormal dc shifts in the output voltage due to the rectification
of the high frequency ambient noise by the IC. When the
devices are operated in the presence of high frequency radiated
or conducted noise, a large value tantalum capacitor (±2.2 μF)
placed across the 0.1 μF ceramic capacitor may offer additional
noise immunity.
V
OUT
⎛
⎜
=
⎜
⎝
⎞
R1
⎟
()
TMP35
⎟
+
R2R1
⎠
⎛
⎜
+
⎜
⎝
⎞
R3
⎟
()
AD589
⎟
+
R4R3
⎠
where:
TMP35 is the output voltage of the TMP35 or the TMP37 at the
measurement temperature, T
.
M
AD589 is the output voltage of the reference, that is, 1.23 V.
The output voltage of this circuit is not referenced to the
circuit’s common ground. If this output voltage were applied
directly to the input of an ADC, the ADC common ground
should be adjusted accordingly.
+
AD589
1.23V
S
+V
TMP35/
TMP37
GND
S
V
OUT
R1
+
R2
V
OUT
R3
R4
–
0.1µF
TCV
R1 (kΩ)
SENSOR
TMP35
TMP372mV/°F45.31010182
Figure 25. TMP35/TMP37 Fahrenheit Thermometers
Rev. F | Page 10 of 20
OUT
1mV/°F45.31010374
R2 (kΩ)R3 (kΩ)R4 (kΩ)
00337-023
Page 11
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
V
V
The same circuit principles can be applied to the TMP36, but
because of the inherent offset of the TMP36, the circuit uses only
two resistors, as shown in Figure 26. In this circuit, the output
voltage transfer characteristic is 1 mV/°F but is referenced to
the common ground of the circuit; however, there is a 58 mV
(58°F) offset in the output voltage. For example, the output
voltage of the circuit reads 18 mV if the TMP36 is placed in a
−40°F ambient environment and 315 mV at +257°F.
+
S
+V
S
V
GND
OUT
R1
45.3kΩ
R2
10kΩ
V
@ –40°F = 18mV
OUT
@ +257°F = 315mV
V
OUT
V
@ 1mV/° F – 58°F
OUT
+3
00337-024
0.1µF
TMP36
Figure 26. TMP36 Fahrenheit Thermometer Version 1
At the expense of additional circuitry, the offset produced by
the circuit in Figure 26 can be avoided by using the circuit in
Figure 27. In this circuit, the output of the TMP36 is conditioned
by a single-supply, micropower op amp, the OP193. Although
the entire circuit operates from a single 3 V supply, the output
voltage of the circuit reads the temperature directly, with a
transfer characteristic of 1 mV/°F, without offset. This is accomplished through an ADM660, which is a supply voltage inverter.
The 3 V supply is inverted and applied to the V− terminal of the
OP193. Thus, for a temperature range between −40°F and +257°F,
the output of the circuit reads −40 mV to +257 mV. A general
expression for the transfer equation of the circuit is given by
⎛
⎜
=
V
OUT
⎜
⎝
R6
⎛
⎞
⎜
⎟
⎜
⎟
+
R6R5
⎝
⎠
⎞
R4
⎟
+
1
()
TMP36
⎟
R3
⎠
−
V
R4
⎛
⎜
R3
⎝
⎞
⎛
⎞
S
⎟
⎜
⎟
2
⎠
⎠
⎝
10µF/0. 1µF
R1
50kΩ
+
R2
50kΩ
+V
S
GND
ELEMENT
V
OUT
VALUE
R3
R4
R5
R6
258.6kΩ
10kΩ
47.7kΩ
10kΩ
+
TMP36
C1
10µF
10µF
NC
+
R3
2
–
R5
R6
8
1
2
ADM660
4
3
3
+
5
6
7
7
OP193
4
+
–3V
10µF
NC
R4
0.1µF
V
@ 1mV/°F
OUT
6
–40°F ≤ T
≤ +257°F
A
00337-025
Figure 27. TMP36 Fahrenheit Thermometer Version 2
Rev. F | Page 11 of 20
Page 12
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
0
V
V
0
F
AVERAGE AND DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
In many commercial and industrial environments, temperature
sensors often measure the average temperature in a building, or
the difference in temperature between two locations on a factory
floor or in an industrial process. The circuits in Figure 28 and
Figure 29 demonstrate an inexpensive approach to average and
differential temperature measurement.
In Figure 28, an OP193 sums the outputs of three temperature
sensors to produce an output voltage scaled by 10 mV/°C that
represents the average temperature at three locations. The circuit
can be extended to include as many temperature sensors as
required as long as the transfer equation of the circuit is
maintained. In this application, it is recommended that one
temperature sensor type be used throughout the circuit;
otherwise, the output voltage of the circuit cannot produce an
accurate reading of the various ambient conditions.
The circuit in Figure 29 illustrates how a pair of TMP3x sensors
used with an OP193 configured as a difference amplifier can
read the difference in temperature between two locations. In
these applications, it is always possible that one temperature
sensor is reading a temperature below that of the other sensor.
To accommodate this condition, the output of the OP193 is
offset to a voltage at one-half the supply via R5 and R6. Thus,
the output voltage of the circuit is measured relative to this
point, as shown in Figure 29. Using the TMP36, the output
voltage of the circuit is scaled by 10 mV/°C. To minimize the
error in the difference between the two measured temperatures,
a common, readily available thin-film resistor network is used
for R1 to R4.
TMP3x
TMP3x
TMP3x
.1µ
.1µF
2.7V < +V
< 5.5V
S
0.1µF
V
TEMP(AVG)
@ 10mV/°C FO R TMP35/T MP36
@ 20mV/°C FOR TMP37
6
= 1 (TMP3x1 + TMP3x2 + TMP3x3)
3
R1
300kΩ
R2
300kΩ
R3
300kΩ
7.5kΩ
7
2
–
OP193
3
+
4
FOR R1 = R2 = R3 = R;
V
TEMP(AVG)
R1
R5 =
R4
3
R4 = R6
Figure 28. Configuring Multiple Sensors for
Average Temperature Measurements
2.7V < +
S
TMP36
@ T1
TMP36
@ T2
< 5.5
1
R1
R8
25kΩ
1
R3
R9
25kΩ
CENTERED AT
1
R4
1µF
2
3
7
–
OP193
+
R5
100kΩ
R6
7.5kΩ
4
R2
0.1µF
00337-026
1
V
R7
100kΩ
OUT
6
0°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
NOTE:
1
R5
100kΩ
R1–R4, CADDOCK T914–100k–100, OR EQUIV ALENT.
R6
100kΩ
V
= T2 – T1 @ 10mV/ °C
OUT
CENTERED AT
V
S
2
00337-027
Figure 29. Configuring Multiple Sensors for
Differential Temperature Measurements
Rev. F | Page 12 of 20
Page 13
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
(
0
F
V
MICROPROCESSOR INTERRUPT GENERATOR
These inexpensive temperature sensors can be used with a
voltage reference and an analog comparator to configure an
interrupt generator for microprocessor applications. With the
popularity of fast microprocessors, the need to indicate a
microprocessor overtemperature condition has grown
tremendously. The circuit in Figure 30 demonstrates one way to
generate an interrupt using a TMP35, a CMP402 analog
comparator, and a REF191, a 2 V precision voltage reference.
The circuit is designed to produce a logic high interrupt signal
if the microprocessor temperature exceeds 80°C. This 80°C trip
point was arbitrarily chosen (final value set by the microprocessor
thermal reference design) and is set using an R3 to R4 voltage
divider of the REF191 output voltage. Because the output of the
TMP35 is scaled by 10 mV/°C, the voltage at the inverting
terminal of the CMP402 is set to 0.8 V.
3.3
Because temperature is a slowly moving quantity, the possibility
for comparator chatter exists. To avoid this condition, hysteresis
is used around the comparator. In this application, a hysteresis
of 5°C about the trip point was arbitrarily chosen; the ultimate
value for hysteresis should be determined by the end application.
The output logic voltage swing of the comparator with R1 and
R2 determines the amount of comparator hysteresis. Using a
3.3 V supply, the output logic voltage swing of the CMP402 is
2.6 V; therefore, for a hysteresis of 5°C (50 mV @ 10 mV/°C),
R1 is set to 20 kΩ, and R2 is set to 1 MΩ. An expression for the
hysteresis of this circuit is given by
R1
⎞
⎛
V
V
=
⎟
⎜
R2
⎠
⎝
)
CMP402SWINGLOGICHYS
,
Because this circuit is probably used in close proximity to high
speed digital circuits, R1 is split into equal values and a 1000 pF
capacitor is used to form a low-pass filter on the output of the
TMP35. Furthermore, to prevent high frequency noise from
contaminating the comparator trip point, a 0.1 μF capacitor is
used across R4.
THERMOCOUPLE SIGNAL CONDITIONING WITH
COLD-JUNCTION COMPENSATION
The circuit in Figure 31 conditions the output of a Type K
thermocouple, while providing cold-junction compensation for
temperatures between 0°C and 250°C. The circuit operates from
a single 3.3 V to 5.5 V supply and is designed to produce an
output voltage transfer characteristic of 10 mV/°C.
A Type K thermocouple exhibits a Seebeck coefficient of
approximately 41 μV/°C; therefore, at the cold junction, the
TMP35, with a temperature coefficient of 10 mV/°C, is used
with R1 and R2 to introduce an opposing cold-junction temperature coefficient of −41 μV/°C. This prevents the isothermal,
cold-junction connection between the PCB tracks of the circuit
+V
S
V
OUT
GND
CU
CU
TYPE K
THERMOCOUPLE
0°C ≤ T
0.1µF
CHROMEL
+
ALUMEL
–
≤ 250°C
A
TMP35
COLD
JUNCTION
ISOTHERMAL
BLOCK
Figure 31. Single-Supply, Type K Thermocouple Signal Conditioning Circuit with Cold-Junction Compensation
R1
24.9kΩ
R2
102Ω
and the wires of the thermocouple from introducing an error in
the measured temperature. This compensation works extremely
well for circuit ambient temperatures in the range of 20°C to 50°C.
Over a 250°C measurement temperature range, the thermocouple
produces an output voltage change of 10.151 mV. Because the
required output full-scale voltage of the circuit is 2.5 V, the gain
of the circuit is set to 246.3. Choosing R4 equal to 4.99 kΩ sets
R5 equal to 1.22 MΩ. Because the closest 1% value for R5 is
1.21 MΩ, a 50 kΩ potentiometer is used with R5 for fine trim of
the full-scale output voltage. Although the OP193 is a superior
single-supply, micropower operational amplifier, its output stage
is not rail-to-rail; therefore, the 0°C output voltage level is 0.1 V.
If this circuit is digitized by a single-supply ADC, the ADC
common should be adjusted to 0.1 V accordingly.
3.3V < +
1
1
< 5.5
S
R3
R4
10MΩ
4.99kΩ
5%
0.1µF
7
2
–
OP193
3
+
4
NOTE:
1
ALL RESISTORS 1% UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
1
R5
1.21MΩ
6
50kΩ
R6
100kΩ
5%
P1
V
0V TO 2.5
OUT
00337-029
Rev. F | Page 14 of 20
Page 15
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
USING TMP3x SENSORS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS
In many industrial environments, sensors are required to
operate in the presence of high ambient noise. These noise
sources take many forms, for example, SCR transients, relays,
radio transmitters, arc welders, and ac motors. They can also
be used at considerable distances from the signal conditioning
circuitry. These high noise environments are typically in the
form of electric fields, so the voltage output of the temperature
sensor can be susceptible to contamination from these noise
sources.
Figure 32 illustrates a way to convert the output voltage of a
TMP3x sensor into a current to be transmitted down a long
twisted pair shielded cable to a ground referenced receiver. The
temperature sensors are not capable of high output current
operation; thus, a standard PNP transistor is used to boost the
output current drive of the circuit. As shown in the table in
Figure 32, the values of R2 and R3 were chosen to produce an
arbitrary full-scale output current of 2 mA. Lower values for the
full-scale current are not recommended. The minimum-scale
output current produced by the circuit could be contaminated
by ambient magnetic fields operating in the near vicinity of the
circuit/cable pair. Because the circuit uses an external transistor,
the minimum recommended operating voltage for this circuit is
5 V. To minimize the effects of EMI (or RFI), both the circuit
and the temperature sensor supply pins are bypassed with good
quality ceramic capacitors.
R1
4.7kΩ
2N2907
0.1µF
0.01µF
SENSOR R2 R3
TMP35634 634
TMP36887 887
TMP371k1k
Figure 32. Remote, 2-Wire Boosted Output Current Temperature Sensor
+V
TMP3x
GND
S
V
OUT
R2
TWISTED PAIR
BELDEN TYPE 9502
OR EQUIVALENT
5V
V
OUT
R3
00337-030
TEMPERATURE TO 4–20 mA LOOP TRANSMITTER
In many process control applications, 2-wire transmitters are
used to convey analog signals through noisy ambient environments. These current transmitters use a zero-scale signal current
of 4 mA, which can be used to power the signal conditioning
circuitry of the transmitter. The full-scale output signal in these
transmitters is 20 mA.
Figure 33 illustrates a circuit that transmits temperature information in this fashion. Using a TMP3x as the temperature sensor,
the output current is linearly proportional to the temperature of
the medium. The entire circuit operates from the 3 V output of
the REF193. The REF193 requires no external trimming because
of its tight initial output voltage tolerance and the low supply
current of the TMP3x, the OP193, and the REF193. The entire
circuit consumes less than 3 mA from a total budget of 4 mA.
The OP193 regulates the output current to satisfy the current
summation at the noninverting node of the OP193. A generalized
expression for the KCL equation at Pin 3 of the OP193 is given by
×
I
OUT
⎛
1
⎞
⎛
⎜
×
=
⎟
⎜
⎜
R7
⎠
⎝
⎝
R3TMP3x
R1
For each temperature sensor, Ta ble 5 provides the values for the
components P1, P2, and R1 to R4.
Table 5. Circuit Element Values for Loop Transmitter
The 4 mA offset trim is provided by P2, and P1 provides the
full-scale gain trim of the circuit at 20 mA. These two trims do
not interact because the noninverting input of the OP193 is
held at a virtual ground. The zero-scale and full-scale output
currents of the circuit are adjusted according to the operating
temperature range of each temperature sensor. The Schottky
diode, D1, is required in this circuit to prevent loop supply
power-on transients from pulling the noninverting input of the
OP193 more than 300 mV below its inverting input. Without
this diode, such transients can cause phase reversal of the
operational amplifier and possible latch-up of the transmitter.
The loop supply voltage compliance of the circuit is limited by
the maximum applied input voltage to the REF193; it is from
9 V to 18 V.
×
R3V
R2
⎞
⎟
⎟
⎠
REF
+
Rev. F | Page 15 of 20
Page 16
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
V
3V
6
REF193
2
1
R2
1
P2
P1
20mA
R3
4mA
ADJUST
2
1
1
3
D1
R4
D1: HP5082-2810
+V
S
GND
R1
V
OUT
TMP3x
NOTE:
1
SEE TEXT FOR VALUES.
1
ADJUST
Figure 33. Temperature to 4–20 mA Loop Transmitter
TEMPERATURE-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERTER
Another common method of transmitting analog information
from a remote location is to convert a voltage to an equivalent
value in the frequency domain. This is readily done with any of
the low cost, monolithic voltage-to-frequency converters (VFCs)
available. These VFCs feature a robust, open-collector output
transistor for easy interfacing to digital circuitry. The digital
signal produced by the VFC is less susceptible to contamination
from external noise sources and line voltage drops because the
only important information is the frequency of the digital signal. When the conversions between temperature and frequency
are done accurately, the temperature data from the sensors can
be reliably transmitted.
The circuit in Figure 34 illustrates a method by which the
outputs of these temperature sensors can be converted to a
frequency using the AD654. The output signal of the AD654 is
a square wave that is proportional to the dc input voltage across
Pin 4 and Pin 3. The transfer equation of the circuit is given by
f
OUT
⎛
−
⎜
=
⎜
⎝
VV
⎞
OFFSETTPM
⎟
⎟
××
)(10
CR
TT
⎠
–
OP193
+
1
+
7
4
1µF
0.1µF
6
10µF/0.1µ F
4
R5
100kΩ
R6
100kΩ
100Ω
R7
Q1
2N1711
I
L
TMP3x
P2
100kΩ
5
+V
S
V
GND
1
R
T
5V
R
OFF1
470Ω
SENSOR R
TMP35
TMP36
TMP37
V
LOOP
9V TO 18V
V
OUT
R
L
250Ω
0.1µF
4
OUT
3
R1
P1
f
OUT
OFFSET
R
OFF2
10Ω
(R1 + P1)C
T
11.8kΩ + 500Ω
16.2kΩ + 500Ω
18.2kΩ + 1kΩ
00337-032
1
C
T
6
8
7
AD654
2
5
NB: ATTA (MIN),
NOTE:
1
RT AND CT – SEE TABLE
T
1.7nF
1.8nF
2.1nF
R
PU
5kΩ
1
f
OUT
f
= 0Hz
OUT
0337-031
Figure 34. Temperature-to-Frequency Converter
Rev. F | Page 16 of 20
Page 17
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
F
V
An offset trim network (f
circuit to set f
to 0 Hz when the minimum output voltage of
OUT
the temperature sensor is reached. Potentiometer P1 is required
to calibrate the absolute accuracy of the AD654. The table in
Figure 34 illustrates the circuit element values for each of the
three sensors. The nominal offset voltage required for 0 Hz
output from the TMP35 is 50 mV; for the TMP36 and TMP37,
the offset voltage required is 100 mV. For the circuit values
shown, the output frequency transfer characteristic of the
circuit was set at 50 Hz/°C in all cases. At the receiving end, a
frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) can be used to convert
the frequency back to a dc voltage for further processing. One
such FVC is the AD650.
For complete information about the AD650 and the AD654,
consult the individual data sheets for those devices.
DRIVING LONG CABLES OR HEAVY CAPACITIVE
LOADS
Although the TMP3x family of temperature sensors can drive
capacitive loads up to 10,000 pF without oscillation, output
voltage transient response times can be improved by using a
small resistor in series with the output of the temperature
sensor, as shown in Figure 35. As an added benefit, this resistor
forms a low-pass filter with the cable capacitance, which helps
to reduce bandwidth noise. Because the temperature sensor is
likely to be used in environments where the ambient noise level
can be very high, this resistor helps to prevent rectification by
the devices of the high frequency noise. The combination of this
resistor and the supply bypass capacitor offers the best protection.
+
OFFSET ) is included with this
OUT
S
COMMENTARY ON LONG-TERM STABILITY
The concept of long-term stability has been used for many years
to describe the amount of parameter shift that occurs during
the lifetime of an IC. This is a concept that has been typically
applied to both voltage references and monolithic temperature
sensors. Unfortunately, integrated circuits cannot be evaluated
at room temperature (25°C) for 10 years or more to determine
this shift. As a result, manufacturers very typically perform
accelerated lifetime testing of integrated circuits by operating
ICs at elevated temperatures (between 125°C and 150°C) over a
shorter period of time (typically, between 500 and 1000 hours).
As a result of this operation, the lifetime of an integrated circuit
is significantly accelerated due to the increase in rates of reaction
within the semiconductor material.
V
750Ω
0.1µ
Figure 35. Driving Long Cables or Heavy Capacitive Loads
TMP3x
GND
OUT
LONG CABLE O R
HEAVY CAPACITIV E
LOADS
00337-033
Rev. F | Page 17 of 20
Page 18
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
0
0
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
5.00 (0.1968)
4.80 (0.1890)
4.00 (0.1574)
3.80 (0.1497)
0.25 (0.0098)
0.10 (0.0040)
COPLANARITY
0.10
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.
85
1
1.27 (0.0500)
SEATING
PLANE
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-AA
BSC
6.20 (0.2441)
5.80 (0.2284)
4
1.75 (0.0688)
1.35 (0.0532)
0.51 (0.0201)
0.31 (0.0122)
8°
0°
0.25 (0.0098)
0.17 (0.0067)
0.50 (0.0196)
0.25 (0.0099)
1.27 (0.0500)
0.40 (0.0157)
45°
012407-A
.15 MAX
.05 MIN
1.30
1.15
0.90
1.70
1.60
1.50
3.00
2.90
2.80
5
123
1.90
BSC
4
0.95 BSC
0.50 MAX
0.35 MIN
3.00
2.80
2.60
1.45 MAX
0.95 MIN
SEATING
PLANE
0.20 MAX
0.08 MIN
10°
0.55
0.60
5°
BSC
0°
0.45
0.35
Figure 36. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N]
Narrow Body
(R-8)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-178-AA
Figure 37. 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package [SOT-23]
(RJ-5)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
11-01-2010-A
Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
0.165 (4.19)
0.210 (5.33)
0.190 (4.83)
0.170 (4.32)
0.205 (5.21)
0.190 (4.83)
0.175 (4.45)
0.0220 (0.56)
0.0185 (0.47)
0.0150 (0.38)
FRONT VIEW
CONTROLL ING DIMENS IONS ARE IN I
(IN PARENTHESE S) ARE ROUNDED-OF F EQUIVALENTS FO R
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPRO PRIATE FO R USE IN DESIGN.
TMP35FSZ-REEL ±2.0 10°C to 125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP35GRT-REEL7 ±3.0 10°C to 125°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 T5G
TMP35GRTZ-REEL7 ±3.0 10°C to 125°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 #T11
TMP35GS ±3.0 10°C to 125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP35GT9 ±3.0 10°C to 125°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP35GT9Z ±3.0 10°C to 125°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
ADW75001Z-0REEL7 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 #T6G
TMP36FS ±2.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36FS-REEL ±2.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36FSZ ±2.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36FSZ-REEL ±2.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GRT-REEL7 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 T6G
TMP36GRTZ-REEL7 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 #T6G
TMP36GS ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GS-REEL ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GS-REEL7 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GSZ ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GSZ-REEL ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GSZ-REEL7 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP36GT9 ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP36GT9Z ±3.0 −40°C to +125°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37FT9 ±2.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37FT9-REEL ±2.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37FT9Z ±2.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37GRT-REEL7 ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 T7G
TMP37GRTZ-REEL7 ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 5-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package (SOT-23) RJ-5 #T12
TMP37GSZ ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP37GSZ-REEL ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package (SOIC_N) R-8
TMP37GT9 ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37GT9-REEL ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
TMP37GT9Z ±3.0 5°C to 100°C 3-Pin Plastic Header-Style Package (TO-92) T-3
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
2
W = Qualified for Automotive Applications.
Linear Operating
Temperature Range Package Description
Package
Option Branding
Rev. F | Page 19 of 20
Page 20
TMP35/TMP36/TMP37
AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
The ADW75001Z-0REEL7 model is available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of
automotive applications. Note that this automotive model may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; therefore,
designers should review the Specifications section of this data sheet carefully. Only automotive grade products shown are available for use
in automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to
obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models.