Datasheet TDA8349 Specification

Page 1
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SH EET
TDA8349A
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator
Product specification File under Integrated Circuits, IC02
February 1991
Page 2
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and
TDA8349A
demodulator

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TDA8349A is a multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator with AGC and AFC functions for television receivers. The device has a video recognition circuit and a video switch for internal or external video for full SCART applications.

FEATURES

Full-range gain-controlled wideband IF amplifier up to 60 MHz
Wide-band video amplifier with good linearity and a class AB output stage to ensure a very low output impedance
Supply independent video output level
Small second harmonic IF output
AGC circuit which operates on top sync level (negative modulation) or on white level (positive modulation) or on top
level (MAC) with reduced sensitivity for high sound carriers
AFC circuit with an internal 90° phase shift circuit, a sample-and-hold circuit for negatively modulated signals to reduce video dependent AFC information and an analog or digital output
Video recognition possibility based on horizontal pulse duty cycles
Video switch for selection of internal or external video signals
Wide supply voltage range and ripple rejection
Requires few external components
Tuner AGC output for npn and pnp tuners

QUICK REFERENCE DATA

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
V
14-17
I
14
V
1-2(RMS)
G
v
V
11-17(p-p)
supply voltage (pin 14) 10.2 12 13.2 V supply current (pin 14) Vi= 10 mV 40 55 65 mA IF input sensitivity (RMS value) 50 80 µV IF gain control range 66 72 dB video output voltage (peak-
1.7 1.9 2.1 V
to-peak value) S/N signal-to-noise ratio V V
8-17(p-p)
AFC output voltage swing
=10mV 54 61 dB
i
10 11 V
(peak-to-peak value)

ORDERING AND PACKAGE INFORMATION

EXTENDED TYPE NUMBER
PINS PIN POSITION MATERIAL CODE
PACKAGE
TDA8349A 20 DIL plastic SOT146
Note
1. SOT146-1; 1996 November 29.
(1)
Page 3
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
February 1991 3
Fig.1 Block diagram.
Page 4
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A

PINNING

PIN DESCRIPTION
1,2 balanced IF inputs 3 tuner AGC starting point adjustment 4 tuner AGC output 5 AGC time constant 6 AFC on/off switch and sample-and-hold capacitor 7 video switch 8 AFC output Q1 9 AFC output Q2 10 video switch external input 11 video output 12 video switch internal input 13 video switch output 14 positive supply voltage 15,16 reference tuned circuit for demodulator 17 ground 18 mute output 19 coincidence filter 20 system switch
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION General
The IC consists of the following parts as illustrated in Fig.1:
Gain controlled video IF amplifier
Quasi-synchronous demodulator
Video amplifier/buffer with white spot clamp/inverter and
noise clamp
AGC circuit which operates either on top sync level (negative modulation) or on white level (positive modulation) or on top level (MAC)
AFC circuit with sample-and-hold circuit for negatively modulated signals, on/off switch and a digital or analog output (switchable)
Circuit for switching between positive and negative modulation
Video recognition circuit for sound muting and tuning indication
Video switch which facilitates selection between two different video signals, with different gain settings
IF amplifier
The IF amplifier consists of three AC coupled differential gain stages with adjustable feedback in the emitter. The AC coupling allows simple biasing, cascades can be used and no DC feedback is required. This provides a control range above 70 dB with good linearity. The minimum input signal to obtain the nominal output amplitude is 50 µV RMS.

Demodulator

The demodulator is a quasi-synchronous circuit that employs passive carrier regeneration and a tuned circuit for selectivity. The regenerated carrier signal is limited by a clamping circuit before it is fed to the demodulator. Switching between positive and negative modulation is achieved by the system switch which provides currents to the demodulator in a positive or negative direction.
Video amplifier
The video amplifier based on the feedback principle improves the linearity of the video output buffer. It has an internal bandgap reference to ensure a stable video output at different supply voltages and temperatures. This
Page 5
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
bandgap also reduces the supply ripple on the video output to values less than 30 dB. The video amplifier has a typical bandwidth of 10 MHz which allows application for all new video standards with bandwidths of up to 10 to 12 MHz. The video output signal has an amplitude of 2 V (p-p). White spot protection comprises a white spot clamp system combined with a delayed-action inverter which is also highly resistant to high sound carriers. A switchable DC shift for positively modulated IF signals ensures correct signal handling. This switching is obtained via pin 20, which is the same pin used for switching the demodulation polarity in the demodulator. The circuit also has a noise clamp which prevents the video output becoming less than ±400 mV below the top sync level at noise peaks. The output buffer of the video amplifier consists of a class A/B circuit which can handle large source as well as large sink currents. This makes the circuit more flexible in several applications with one or more ceramic filters connected to this output buffer.

AGC control circuit

This converts the AGC detector voltage (pin 5) into a current signal which controls the gain of the IF amplifier. It also provides a tuner AGC control output from pin 4,
current limiting is incorporated to prevent internal damage. The AGC starting point is adjusted by a voltage between 3 and 5 V for pnp tuners and between 7 and 9 V for npn tuners via pin 3.

AGC circuit

A new AGC system has been designed for the AGC. It will be a top sync-detector for negatively modulated signals and a top white level AGC for positively modulated signals. For optimal flexibility reasons the load and unload currents of the AGC are chosen such that both, a relatively fast set, as well as a set with a low tilt are possible for positive (L) and negative (B/G) modulated signals. For this reason a tilt ratio between positive (L) and negative (B/G) of approximately 3:1 has been chosen. This means that in a fast set the choice of a typical tilt for negatively modulated signals of 2% will obtain a typical tilt for positively modulated signals (L) of 6%. For a digital set which requires a small tilt the choice of tilt can be a factor of 5 or 10 smaller by increasing the AGC capacitor.
The chosen AGC currents:
MODE UNLOAD CURRENT LOAD CURRENT TILT AT 2.2 µF
B/G 50 µA 1.5 mA typ. 0.5% (line tilt) L 500 nA (note 1) 1.5 mA typ. 1.5% (field tilt) MAC(positive) 200 nA 1.5 mA typ. 1.2% (frame tilt) MAC(negative) 500 nA 1.5 mA typ. 1.5% (field tilt)
Note
1. As long as no signal has been identified by the identification detector the unload current will be 50 µA.
Switching between the first three modes can be achieved by the system switch. This is a 3-level switch which when grounded selects B/G; open or 5 V selects L, and with pin 20 connected to VCC selects positively modulated MAC. The IC operates in a fourth mode if the identification capacitor at pin 19 is connected to VCC, it can be used for negatively modulated MAC. During channel switching a situation can occur that requires the AGC to increase the gain more than for example 50 dB. If this increase of gain has to be done for a positively modulated (L) signal, it will be achieved by the 500 nA load current and is therefore extremely slow. Because the identification information can be used to indicate that the signal is too small, in this event the identification circuit will mute, it is possible to increase the
positive unload current to the same value as that used for negatively modulated signals. This switching is fully automatic and cannot be switched off.

AFC circuit

The AFC circuit consists of a demodulator stage which is fed with signals 90° out of phase. A very accurate internally realized 90° phase shift circuit makes it possible to use the demodulator IF regenerator tuned circuit for tuning the AFC circuit. To prevent video ripple on the AFC output voltage a sample-and-hold circuit is used for negatively modulated signals. The output signal of the demodulator is sampled during sync level of the video signal and will be stored with the aid of an external capacitor.
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
This sample-and-hold circuit is not used in the L mode, but it will function as a low-pass filter in this mode and therefore also reduces the video dependency of the AFC. A gain stage amplifies the voltage swing by 5 times. The output of the AFC circuit will be an inverse analog output on pin 8 when pin 9 is connected to a voltage above 8 V. If pin 9 is connected to a voltage above 10 V the output will be a normal analog output. Normally pins 8 and 9 together
unloaded during the sync pulse. The maximum voltage at this internal capacitor is a value for the main frequency of the video signal. By changing the value of an external capacitor it is possible to influence the speed and sensitivity of the recognition circuit. It is possible to gain sensitivity performance at disturbed signals by increasing the value of the external capacitor, however this will reduce the speed of the identification circuit.
provide digital AFC information.

Video switch circuit

Video recognition circuit

For full scart functions it is necessary to implement a second mute function for non-video signals in the whole television concept. This is realized in this IF-IC. With an internal sync separator and an internal integrator it is possible to achieve a very sensitive identification circuit, which measures the mean frequency of the input signal. This is normally approximately 16 kHz. The integrator
The video switch also provides application for full SCART functions. The circuit has two inputs, one output and a control pin. The switch selects either internal or external video signals. A × 2 gain stage for the external input provides an equal output level for internal or external video from the SCART. The crosstalk of the unwanted signal is better than 50 dB and the total signal handling meets all the requirements for SCART specifications.
capacitor will be loaded during the whole line time and

LIMITING VALUES

In accordance with the Absolute Maximum System (IEC 134)
SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT
V P T T
14-17 tot stg amb
supply voltage (pin 14) 0.5 13.2 V total power dissipation 1.2 W storage temperature range 25 +150 °C operating ambient temperature range 25 + 75 °C
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A

CHARACTERISTICS

= 12 V; T
V
P
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
supply
V
14-17
I
14
IF amplifier (note 1) V
1-2
R
1-2
C
1-2
G
1-2
V
11
V
1-2
f
1-2
Video output (note 5)
V
11
V
11
V
11
V
11
V
11(p-p)
V
11
V
11
V
11
V
11
V
11
Z
11
I
11
I
11
B
11
G
d
ϕ
d
Y
nl
=25°C; carrier frequency 38.9 MHz; negative modulation; unless otherwise specified.
amb
supply voltage (pin 14) 10.2 12 13.2 V supply current Vi=10mV405565mA
input sensitivity note 2 50 80 µV differential input resistance note 3 2 k differential input capacitance note 3 2 pF gain control range 66 72 dB output signal for 50 dB input signal
variation note 4
0.5 dB
maximum input signal 100 −−mV maximum operating frequency 60 −−MHz
zero signal output level note 6
negative modulation 4.75 V
positive modulation 2.65 V top sync level (top sync AGC) note 7 2.7 V white level (white level AGC) note 8 4.6 V amplitude of video output signal (peak-
to-peak value)
1.7 1.9 2.1 V
amplitude difference (positive/negative) 010% video output voltage variation VP=1V −−30 dB white spot threshold level see Fig.3 5.6 V white spot insertion level see Fig.3 3.8 V noise clamping level see Fig.3 2.3 V output impedance −−10 maximum sink current 5 10 mA maximum source current 5 10 mA bandwidth of demodulated output signal 7.5 10.0 MHz differential gain note 9 2 % differential phase note 9 7 deg luminance non-linearity note 10 25%
intermodulation see Figs 6 and 7
α 1.1 MHz blue −−66 dB α 1.1 MHz yellow −−60 dB α 3.3 MHz blue −−60 dB α 3.3 MHz yellow −−60 dB
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
signal-to-noise ratio note 11
S/N V S/N minimum gain 60 66 dB V
1(rms)
V
11(rms)
residual carrier signal (RMS value) 10 20 mV residual 2nd harmonic of carrier signal (RMS
value)
System switch (note 12) V
20
I
20
V
20
V
20
I
20
V
20
I
20
maximum voltage for mode B/G 1.4 −−V input current V20=0V −−300 −µA minimum voltage for mode L −−3V maximum voltage for mode L 7 −−V input current 3 V pin
minimum voltage for MAC (positive) −−9.5 V input current V20=V
AGC control circuit
t
11
response to an amplitude increase of 52 dB of the IF input with the AGC switched to mode B/G
t
11
response to an amplitude decrease of 52 dB of the IF input with the AGC switched to mode B/G
allowed leakage current of the AGC capacitor
I
5
I
5
I
5
I
5
top sync level AGC 10 −µA
white level AGC 200 nA
positive MAC AGC 50 nA
negative MAC AGC 200 nA
Tuner AGC (note 15)
input voltage for tuner AGC starting point
V
3
V
3
V
3
V
3
I
4
IF input = 200 µV; negative slope 3.0 3.5 V
IF input = 100 mV; negative slope 5.0 5.5 V
IF input = 200 µV; positive slope 7.0 7.5 V
IF input = 100 mV; positive slope 9.0 9.5 V maximum current swing of tuner AGC
output
V
4
I
4
V
i
output saturation voltage I4=2mA −−300 mV leakage current −−1µA input signal variation complete tuner control 0.5 2.0 4.0 dB
=10mV5461dB
i
310mV
20 7V
P
150 250 µA
500 −µA
note 13 2 ms
note 14 25 ms
35−mA
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
V
3
Video switching circuit
EXTERNAL VIDEO INPUT (AC coupled) V
10(p-p)
I
10
V
10
INTERNAL VIDEO INPUT (DC coupled) V
12(p-p)
|Z
| input impedance 2.0 k
12
V
12
VIDEO OUTPUT V
13(p-p)
V
13
V
13
I
13
I
13
B
13
minimum tuner take over voltage −−1V
input signal voltage (peak-to-peak value) VO= 2 V(p-p) 1.0 V input current 3.5 −µA top sync clamping level I10=1mA 3.3 V
input signal voltage (peak-to-peak value) VO= 2 V(p-p) 2.0 V
black level input voltage 3.3 V
output signal voltage (peak-to-peak value)
2.0 V
top sync level 2.7 V noise clamping voltage level I13=1mA 2.5 V internal bias current of npn emitter follower
output transistor
1.5 mA
maximum source current 5 10 mA bandwidth of output signal 5 MHz
crosstalk of video signal note 16
α external to internal 60 55 dB α internal to external 55 50 dB
VIDEO SWITCH INPUT (note 17) V
7
V
7
I
7
I
7
maximum voltage for external video signal
minimum voltage for internal video signal
minimum source current for internal video signal
−−2V
1 −−V
−−300 µA
input current V7=0V −−−1mA
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
I
7
AFC circuit (note 18) AFC SAMPLE-AND-HOLD/SWITCH (note 19)
I
6
I
6
I
6
AFC ANALOG OUTPUT (V9> 8 V; see Figs 4 and 5) V
8(p-p)
I
8
input current V7=V
P
−−3µA
AFC switch: current level below which AFC outputs
switches off
−−−500 µA
maximum AFC switch current V6=0V −−−1mA maximum leakage current −−1µA
output voltage swing (peak-to-peak value)
10 11 V
maximum output current 500 −−µA
control steepness 60 75 100 mV/kHz
V
8
AFC output voltage AFC off 5 6 7 V
AFC DIGITAL OUTPUT (see Table 1) V
8,9
V
8,9
output voltage LOW −−0.5 V output voltage HIGH 50 kload 4.5 5.5 V
f frequency swing for switching AFC
output Q1
I
8,9
maximum allowable output current 500 −−µA
AFC Analog SWITCH (note 20) I
9
V
9
V
9
V
9
I
9
I
9
minimum sink current for analog AFC −−1.5 mA minimum voltage for negative slope −−10.2 V minimum voltage for positive slope −−8.0 V maximum voltage for positive slope 10.2 −−V output current V9=V output current V9= 8 to 10 V 150 −µA
Video transmitter identification output (note 21) V
18
I
18
t
d
output voltage active no sync;
output current inactive sync −−3µA delay time of mute release after sync
insertion
I
19
allowed leakage current of identification detector capacitor
65 80 100 kHz
P
I
=1mA 0.3 0.5 V
18
500 −µA
−−10 ms
−−50 nA
February 1991 10
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
Notes
1. All input signals are measured in RMS values at 100% carrier level and a frequency of 38.9 MHz.
2. On set AGC.
3. Input impedance selected so that a SAW filter can be applied without extra components.
4. Measured with 0 dB = 200 µV.
5. Measured at 10 mV(RMS) top sync input signal and the video output unloaded.
6. Projected zero point with internally switched demodulator.
7. With the AGC switch switched to ground, for the B/G standard, or with the identification capacitor switched to V for the negative MAC standard.
8. With the AGC switch switched open for the L standard, or switched to VCC for the positive MAC standard.
9. Measured in accordance with the test line given in Fig.8.
- The differential gain is expressed as a percentage of the difference in peak amplitudes between the largest and
smallest value relative to the subcarrier amplitude at blanking level.
- The differential phase is defined as the difference in degrees between the phase angle of the 4.4 MHz signal at
20% and 80% luminance signal.
10. Measured in accordance with the test line shown in Fig.9. The non-linearity is measured by comparing the differences between adjacent pairs of six luminance levels that make
up the 5 step staircase. The measurement result is the largest percentage deviation in adjacent step values. The sign is always positive.
CC
black-to white
V
11. Measured with a 75 source:
SN 20
o
---------------------------------------------------------------log= RMS()at B = 5 MHz
V
n
12. The internal circuit of pin 20 behaves as an internal voltage source of 4.5 V with an input resistance of 15 k. Using the system switch three conditions can be obtained:
Negative modulation with top sync level AGC. This is achieved with pin 20 connected to ground. Positive modulation with white level AGC. This is achieved with pin 20 open, or connected to 5 V. Positive modulation with top white AGC and an increased time constant for MAC signals. This is achieved with pin
20 connected to VCC.
13. Measured with a capacitor of 2.2 µF connected to pin 5. A step is made from 200 µV to 80 mV input signals.
14. Measured with a capacitor of 2.2 µF connected to pin 5. A step is made from 80 mV to 200 µV input signals.
15. It is possible to adjust the tuner AGC over the whole AGC range of the IF amplifier for both pnp and npn tuners. Tuner AGC starting point is defined as an output current of 0.2 mA for pnp and 1.8 mA for npn, in an application with a resistance of 6 kto VP at pin 4.
16. Crosstalk is defined as:
20 log
o
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------­wanted video black-to-white
V
o
measured at 4.4 MHz
unwanted video black-to-white
V
17. The video switch is controlled by a voltage on pin 7. The switching level is approximately 1.4 V. With pin 7 open-circuit internal video is selected; with pin 7 pulled to ground external video is selected.
18. Measurement taken with an input 10 mV(RMS). The unloaded Q factor of the reference tuned circuit is 70.
19. Switching off the AFC is obtained by a voltage of less than 2 V on pin 6. Normally this is achieved by pulling pin 6 to ground.
20. Switching to the normal analog AFC mode can be done by pulling pin 9 to a voltage above 10.2 V. Normally this is achieved by pulling pin 9 to VP. The inverse analog AFC mode can only be obtained by a voltage of between 8 and 10 V applied to pin 9.
February 1991 11
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
21. All timing figures defined with a capacitor of 2.2 nF at pin 19. The identification can be speeded up by lowering the value of this capacitor, however this makes the circuit also less sensitive if the video signal is disturbed (airplane flutter etc.). If the identification is only used as a sound mute a capacitor of 47 nF is recommended to improve the sensitivity.
Fig.2 Signal-to-noise ratio as a function of video input.
February 1991 12
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
Fig.3 Video waveform showing white spot threshold and insertion levels, and noise clamping levels
Fig.4 Analog AFC output voltage as a function of
frequency pin 9 above 10 V.
February 1991 13
Fig.5 Analog AFC output voltage as a function of
frequency pin 9 above 10 V.
Page 14
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
Table 1 Digital AFC truth table
INPUT FREQUENCY Q1 Q2
> IF +40 kHz 0 1 > IF 1 1 < IF 1 0 < IF 40 kHz 0 0
SC =sound carrier CC = chrominance carrier PC = picture carrier
all with respect to top sync level
Fig.6 Input conditions for intermodulation measurements; standard colour bar with 75% contrast.
Fig.7 Test set-up intermodulation measurements.
February 1991 14
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
Fig.8 Video output signal.
Fig.9 E.B.U. test signal wave form (line 330).
February 1991 15
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Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A

PACKAGE OUTLINE

DIP20: plastic dual in-line package; 20 leads (300 mil)
D
seating plane
L
Z
20
pin 1 index
e
b

SOT146-1

M
E
A
2
A
A
1
w M
b
1
11
E
c
(e )
1
M
H
1
0 5 10 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions)
A
A
A
UNIT
inches
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
max.
mm
OUTLINE VERSION
SOT146-1
1 2
min.
max.
1.73
1.30
0.068
0.051
IEC JEDEC EIAJ
b
b
1
0.53
0.38
0.021
0.015
0.36
0.23
0.014
0.009
REFERENCES
cD E e M
(1) (1)
26.92
26.54
1.060
1.045
SC603
February 1991 16
6.40
6.22
0.25
0.24
10
(1)
M
e
L
1
3.60
8.25
3.05
7.80
0.14
0.32
0.12
0.31
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
H
E
10.0
0.2542.54 7.62
8.3
0.39
0.010.10 0.30
0.33
ISSUE DATE
w
92-11-17 95-05-24
Z
max.
2.04.2 0.51 3.2
0.0780.17 0.020 0.13
Page 17
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Multistandard IF amplifier and demodulator TDA8349A
SOLDERING Introduction
There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used.
This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our
“IC Package Databook”
Soldering by dipping or by wave
The maximum permissible temperature of the solder is 260 °C; solder at this temperature must not be in contact with the joint for more than 5 seconds. The total contact time of successive solder waves must not exceed 5 seconds.
The device may be mounted up to the seating plane, but the temperature of the plastic body must not exceed the specified maximum storage temperature (T be necessary immediately after soldering to keep the temperature within the permissible limit.
(order code 9398 652 90011).
). If the printed-circuit board has been pre-heated, forced cooling may
stg max
Repairing soldered joints
Apply a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) to the lead(s) of the package, below the seating plane or not more than 2 mm above it. If the temperature of the soldering iron bit is less than 300 °C it may remain in contact for up to 10 seconds. If the bit temperature is between 300 and 400 °C, contact may be up to 5 seconds.

DEFINITIONS

Data sheet status
Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications.
Limiting values
Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.

LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS

These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.
February 1991 17
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