Datasheet tda3842 DATASHEETS (Philips)

Page 1
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SH EET
TDA3842
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
Preliminary specification File under Integrated Circuits, IC02
April 1991
Page 2
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
FEATURES
• Low supply voltage range, from 5.0 V to 8.0 V
• Low power dissipation, 200 mW at 5 V
• High supply ripple rejection
• Wide IF bandwidth of 80 MHz
• Synchronous demodulator with low differential phase
and gain
• Additional video buffer with a wide bandwidth of 10 MHz
• Video off switch
• Peak sync AGC for negative modulation, e.g. B/G
• Peak white AGC for positive modulation, e.g. L
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
V
P
I
P
V
1-20(rms)
supply voltage range (pin 15) 4.75 5.0 8.8 V supply current (pin 15) VP= 5.0 V − 42 − mA IF input signal for nominal video output
voltage at pin 14 (RMS value) minimum IF input signal for TV signal
identification at pin 6 (RMS value)
V
o
G
v
video output signal (pin 12) buffered − 2.0 − V
IF voltage gain control range − 66 − dB S/N signal-to-noise ratio V V S
8 AFC
AFC output voltage swing − 4.0 − V
AFC steepness (pin 8) − 2 −µA/kHz RR supply voltage ripple rejection (pin 12) 30 35 − dB
• Adjustable take-over point (TOP); positive AGC slope
• Switching to fast AGC dependent on TV identification
• Alignment free AFC detector with integrated phase shift
• ESD protection
• TV signal identification
• Options: tracking of reference circuit, suitable for
MAC-on-cable
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TDA3842 is a bipolar integrated circuit for vision IF-signal processing in multistandard TV and VTRs, designed for a supply voltage range from 5.0 V to 8.0 V.
f = 38.9 MHz − 70 −µV
maximum G
=10mV 55 60 − dB
1-20
− 20 40 µV
v
ORDERING INFORMATION
EXTENDED
TYPE NUMBER
TDA3842 20 DIL plastic SOT146 TDA3842T 20 mini-pack plastic SO20L; SOT163A
Notes
1. SOT146-1; 1997 January 08.
2. SOT163-1; 1997 January 08
April 1991 2
PACKAGE
PINS PIN POSITION MATERIAL CODE
(1)
(2)
Page 3
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
TDA3842
PIN CONFIGURATION
Fig.2 Pin configuration.
Fig.1 Block diagram.
PINNING
SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION
v
I IF
TOP v
BL
V
SYNC
C
IDENT
TV C
AFC
V
AFC
TV L
REF
L
REF
v
O BUF
v
I
v
O
v
P
C
STAB
ADJ
IDENT
SEL
1 IF input (balanced) 2 tuner AGC take-over point adjustment 3 black level voltage 4 sync pulse amplitude voltage 5 identification capacitor 6 video identification output 7 AFC capacitor 8 AFC output signal 9 video standard selection switch 10 LC reference tuned circuit 11 LC reference tuned circuit 12 buffered video output signal 13 video input signal for buffer 14 video output signal with intercarrier signal 15 supply voltage
16 supply voltage stabilization GND 17 ground C
AGC
I
O AGC
v
I IF
18 AGC capacitor
19 tuner AGC output signal
20 IF input (balanced)
April 1991 3
Page 4
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The complete circuit consists of the following functional blocks as shown in Fig.1:
1. 3-stage gain controlled IF amplifier
2. Overload detector
3. Reference amplifier
4. Carrier signal reference limiter
5. Video demodulator
6. Video amplifier
7. Video buffer amplifier
8. AGC detector
9. IF and tuner AGC (with adjustable TOP)
10. Sync pulse separator
11. Video identification
12. 90°phase shift and AFC demodulator
13. AFC gating, AFC amplifier and AFC switch
14. Voltage stabilizer
15. Standard switch
1. 3-stage gain controlled IF amplifier (pins 1 and 20)
The vision IF amplifier consists of three AC-coupled differential amplifier stages. Gain control is achieved by current divider stages. The emitter feedback resistors are optimized for low noise and signal handling capability.
2. Overload detector
The overload detector is fed from the output of the third IF amplifier. As soon as the IF voltage exceeds the overload threshold in the detector, its output current reduces the IF amplification by discharging the AGC capacitor.
3. Reference amplifier
For passive video carrier regeneration an integrated differential amplifier with resistive load allows
capacitive coupling of the resonant circuit for notch and tracking functions.
4. Carrier signal reference limiter
A limiter stage after the reference amplifier eliminates amplitude modulation. Its output is fed to the video demodulator.
5. Video demodulator
The video demodulator receives both the limited reference carrier signal and the IF signal. The video signal polarity is switched according to the TV standard selected. The video signal can also be switched off.
6. Video amplifier
The video amplifier is an operational amplifier with internal feedback and wide bandwidth. The DC level is shifted according to the TV standard to provide the same sync level for positive and negative IF modulation.
7. Video buffer amplifier
The video buffer amplifier is an operational amplifier with internal feedback, wide bandwidth and frequency compensation; gain and input impedance are adapted to operate with a ceramic sound trap. The load for the sound trap is an integrated resistive divider.
8. AGC detector
With negative modulation
peak sync AGC detector generates a fast current pulse to discharge the AGC capacitor (gain reduction). This minimizes the video signal distortion.
Positive modulation
white AGC detector. To filter out the sound carrier the
video signal is fed through low pass filters. After the low pass filters the video signal with attenuated sound carrier, is fed to the AGC detector.
(B/G) a
(L) uses a peak
TDA3842
The charging current of the AGC capacitor is optimized for minimum distortion of the video signal. With positive modulation the charging current is very low and consequently the AGC time constant is large. When the video identification circuit does not detect a video signal, the charging current is increased.
9. IF and tuner AGC
The voltage on the AGC capacitor is used to control the gain of the three IF amplifier stages and to supply the tuner AGC current (open-collector). The tuner AGC TOP potentiometer at pin 2 adjusts the IF signal level from the tuner. To stabilize the IF output voltage of the tuner, IF slip (= variation of IF gain over the total tuner range) is kept at a minimum.
10. Sync pulse separator
The sync pulse separator supplies two internally-used pulses using the bandwidth limited video signal. These are the composite sync for the AFC detector and the vertical sync for the video identification output. The bandwidth is limited to reduce the noise and increase the ident sensitivity.
11. Video identification
An analog integrator monitors the duty cycle of the vertical sync pulses to identify the video signal. The integrator output is fed to a window comparator which has an open collector output stage to provide the video ident signal. The complete circuit operates in combination with the sync separator and is optimized for high sensitivity.
12. 90° phase shift and AFC demodulator
The AFC demodulator needs a 90° phase-shifted carrier. The output of the carrier signal reference limiter is
April 1991 4
Page 5
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
fed to an active 90° phase-shift circuit. The 90° (lead) phase-shifted carrier and the IF signal are fed to the AFC demodulator. The demodulated signal is fed to the AFC gating stage.
13. AFC gating, AFC amplifier and AFC switch
With negative modulated video IF signals the output of the AFC detector is gated by composite sync pulses to prevent video modulation on the AFC
output. The gated signal is integrated by an AFC capacitor. The AFC amplifier converts the capacitor voltage to an AFC current (open collector sink/source output). At positive modulation the AFC operates continuously. AFC function can be externally switched off for test purposes. For high-performance signal handling the AFC signal can be used to track the resonant circuit as shown in Fig.11.
TDA3842
14. Voltage stabilizer
An integrated bandgap voltage stabilizer generates an internal supply voltage of 4 V. A decoupling capacitor reduces noise and supply voltage ripple.
15. Standard switch
The operating mode of the AGC detector and video IF demodulator for positive and negative IF modulation is selected by the logic level on pin 9.
April 1991 5
Fig.3 Internal circuits.
Page 6
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
LIMITING VALUES
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum System (IEC 134)
SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT
v
p
v
19
v
8
I
15
T
stg
T
amb
v
ESD
CHARACTERISTICS
= 5 V and T
V
P
Fig.4.; unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
V
P
I
P
RR ripple rejection (pin 12) 30 35 − dB
supply voltage at pin 15: SOT146 − 8.8 V
SOT163A − 6.0 V tuner AGC voltage − 13.2 V permissible voltage at AFC output − V
P
V supply current − 55 mA storage temperature range −25 + 150 °C operating ambient temperature range 0 + 70 °C ESD sensitivity −±300 V
=25°C; fVC= 38.9 MHz; all voltages are measured to GND (pin 17); measured in test circuit of
amb
supply voltage range (pin 15) DIL-package 4.75 5.0 8.8 V
SO-package 4.75 5.0 6.0 V
supply current (pin 15) VP= 5.0 V − 42 − mA
IF amplifier
B bandwidth −3dB − 80 − MHz R
I
C
I
V
1-20(rms)
G
v
input resistance (pins 1 and 20) − 2 − kΩ input capacitance (pins 1 and 20) − 1.5 − pF IF input signal (RMS value) video output −1dB − 70 −µV maximum IF input signal minimum G
; note 1 100 −−mV
v
gain control range 63 66 − dB
IF AGC: negative modulation
I
18
leakage current AGC capacitor −−1µA charging current AGC capacitor with video identification − 13 −µA charging current AGC capacitor without video identification − 35 −µA
I
18M
t
1
discharging peak current capacitor − 2 − mA response time of IF input signal
change
50 dB increasing step − 1 − ms
50 dB decreasing step − 150 − ms IF AGC: standard L (note 2) I
18
leakage current AGC capacitor −−20 nA charging current AGC capacitor with video identification − 280 − nA
without video identification − 22 −µA I
18M
t
2
discharging peak current capacitor − 2 − mA response time of IF input signal
change
50 dB increasing step − 1 − ms
50 dB decreasing step − 300 − ms
April 1991 6
Page 7
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
Tuner AGC (note 3)
V
1-20(rms)
lower IF input signal for starting point of tuner take-over; see Fig.5 (RMS value)
upper IF input signal for starting point of tuner take-over; see Fig.5 (RMS value)
TOP variation 60 K temperature range − 23dB
I
19
tuner AGC output current V19= 0.5 V 1 2 − mA Sync demodulator and video amplifier (note 4) V
14
composite video output signal 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
sync level voltage standard B/G − 1.5 − V
zero carrier level voltage negative modulation − 2.6 − V
I
14
R
14
output current DC and AC −−±1.0 mA
output resistance − 75 −Ω B video bandwidth at −1 dB (pin 14) C V
14
upper video clipping level − 3.6 − V
lower video clipping level − 0.3 − V
R2=22kΩ−−1mV
R2 = 0 Ω 50 −−mV
positive modulation − 1.47 − V
≤ 20 pF 7 8 − MHz
load
Buffered video output signal (see Fig.6)
G gain of video buffer 6.5 7.0 − dB V
12
sync level clamping voltage − 1.35 − V
upper video clipping level − 4.25 − V
lower video clipping level − 0.3 − V I
12
R
12
B video bandwidth at −1 dB (pin 12) C R
I
C
I
output current DC and AC −−±1.0 mA
output resistance −−10 Ω
≤ 20 pF − 10 − MHz
load
input resistance (pin 13) − 3.3 − kΩ
input capacitance (pin 13) − 2 − pF
Overall video performance (see Fig.6)
V
o
video output signal (pin 12) negative modulation − 2 − V
positive modulation;
− 2 − V
note 4 B video bandwidth at −2 dB (pin 12) C S/N signal to noise ratio (see Fig.7) V
α
1
intermodulation for blue (note 6) f = 1.1 MHz 56 58 − dB
≤ 20 F 7 8 − MHz
load
= 10 mV; note 5 55 60 − dB
1-20
f = 3.3 MHz 62 −−dB
α
2
intermodulation for yellow (note 6) f = 1.1 MHz 53 56 − dB
f = 3.3 MHz 60 −−dB
α
3
signal harmonic suppression − 26 − dB
April 1991 7
Page 8
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
V
5
α
4
∆G differential gain EBU test line 330 − 2 − % ∆Φ differential phase EBU test line 330 − 2 − deg ∆V/V variation of video output signal
V
res1
V
res2
Video identification
V
1-20(rms)
V
6
T
sync/Tfield
C/N carrier-to-noise ratio
I
5
α
5
t
d
AFC (see Fig.9 and Fig.10); note 9 I
8
V
8
S control steepness QB= 40;
I
7
Standard switch
V
9
video switch off voltage note 7 −−1V attenuation of video signal (pin 14) video signal switched off 50 60 − dB
−−0.5 dB
(pin 14)
gain control 50 dB;
V
1-20(rms)
= 0.3 to 100 mV residual vision carrier (pin 12) − 1 − mV residual second harmonic of the
− 1 − mV
vision carrier (pin 12)
minimum IF input signal for TV
maximum G
v
− 20 40 µV
identification at pin 14 (RMS value) video identification voltage
(signal unidentified) video identification voltage
(signal identified)
V
1-20(rms)
I6= 0.5 mA V
1-20(rms)
I6= −1 µA
= < 40 µV
= ≥ 40 µV
−−0.4 V
4.5 −−V
vertical pulse duty cycle 4.5 8 16 × 10
note 8 − 8 − dB
(pin 1 and pin 20) allowed leakage current −−3µA sync pulse suppression for
−−70 %
correct TV signal identification delay time of mute output signal − 100 150 ms
AFC source current output 0.16 0.19 0.22 mA AFC sink current output 0.16 0.19 0.22 mA upper output voltage 4.3 − 4.7 V lower output voltage 0.3 − 0.7 V
− 2 −µA/kHz
V
1-20(rms)
=10mV leakage current at AFC gating −−±1µA
voltage for negative modulation standard switch open 2.5 n.c. V
V
P
voltage for positive modulation (L) standard switch closed 0 − 0.8 V
−3
April 1991 8
Page 9
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
Notes to the characteristics
1. The video signal is still gain-controlled, V
2. In multi-standard applications the capacitor at pin 18 must be a low-leakage (foil) type.
3. The starting point of tuner AGC can be adjusted by the resistor at pin 2. Fig.5 shows the AGC characteristic.
4. IF input signals are RMS values measured at TOP sync (standard B/G) and with a vision carrier of 38.9 MHz (see Fig.4). The IF input signal is fed from 50 Ω via a 1:1 transformer, DSB, to pins 1 and 20. With a 10 mV input signal, the residual vision carrier is: = 10% for white (standard B/G), = 3% for sync (standard L).
5. In the test circuit of Fig.4, measured and weighted according to CCIR Recommendation 567:
V
SN⁄
14 black to white()
=
------------------------------------------------------------ ­V
14 noise
RMS, black()
6. Intermodulation figures are defined as follows:
V
at 4.4 MHz
α
and
7. When V
20
2
< 1 V (short-circuited identification capacitor at pin 5) the video output signal at pin 14 is switched off.
5
o
-------------------------------------log×= V
at 3.3 MHz
o
V14 shifts to “zero carrier level” (“ultra white” (2.6V) for negative modulation or “top sync” (1.5 V) for positive modulation). During normal operation the capacitor at pin 5 should not be loaded (I5≤3µA).
8. The C/N at the IF input (pins 1 and 20) for TV identification is defined as the RMS sync level of the vision IF signal input, relative to the RMS value of a superimposed white noise signal, with a bandwidth limited to 5 MHz.
9. The values for the AFC measurements depend on the QB of the reference circuit at pins 10 and 11. The internal phase shift is matched to a vision carrier of 38.9 MHz. The AFC function can be switched off for test purposes when pin 7 is connected to ground (V7= 0 V).
= 1 V, but intermodulation figures are degraded.
14(p-p)
V
at 4.4 MHz
α
20
1
o
-------------------------------------log× + 3.6 dB= V
at 1.1 MHz
o
RMS
IF
April 1991 9
Page 10
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
TDA3842
April 1991 10
Fig.4 Test circuit.
Page 11
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
TDA3842
Fig.5 AGC characteristics with different values of R2.
Fig.6 Video waveforms at intercarrier (pin 14) and buffered video (pin 12) outputs.
April 1991 11
Page 12
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
TDA3842
Fig.7 Signal-to-noise ratio as a function of IF input voltage (RMS value) at pins 1 and 20.
SC = sound carrier level; with respect to TOP sync level CC = chrominance carrier level; with respect to TOP sync level
PC = picture carrier level; with respect to TOP sync level
April 1991 12
Sound trap attenuation: 17 dB
Fig.8 Input conditions for intermodulation measurements.
Page 13
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
APPLICATION INFORMATION
TDA3842
Fig.9 AFC interfacing for analog tuning systems and AFC characteristic.
April 1991 13
Fig.10 AFC interfacing for µP controlled systems.
Page 14
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
TDA3842
(1) Without automatic tracking
delete dashed lines with components. C increased to 68 pF.
must be
p
Fig.11 Application circuit with automatic tracking function and notch filter (dashed lines).
Fig.12 Reference circuit with notch filter for improved pulse response and better signal linearity.
April 1991 14
Page 15
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
Note to Fig.12 Recommended for reception of data signals e.g. in Teletext and D2-MAC. Values in combination with
SAW filter OFW G 1956 (Siemens). Curve shows combined frequency response of SAW filter and reference circuit.
f2

PC
For different standards C
and Cp are calculated as follows:
s
=
Cs2C

p

------------
f2
N
1–
Fig.13 Modification of Fig.11 for MAC/D2-MAC application.
Note to Fig.13 When the TDA3842 is used in a MAC/D2-MAC receiver the voltage at pin 5 must be stabilized between 1.8 and 2.9 V
by zener diode D1 and resistor R1. Standard switch at pin 9 must be in position ‘standard L’ to activate the peak-related slow AGC mode.
April 1991 15
Page 16
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
PACKAGE OUTLINES
DIP20: plastic dual in-line package; 20 leads (300 mil)
D
seating plane
L
Z
20
e
b
TDA3842
SOT146-1
M
E
A
2
A
A
1
w M
b
1
11
c
(e )
1
M
H
pin 1 index
1
0 5 10 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions)
A
A 
A 
UNIT
inches
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
max.
mm
OUTLINE VERSION
SOT146-1
1 2
min.
max.
1.73
1.30
0.068
0.051
IEC JEDEC EIAJ
SC603
b
b
1
0.53
0.38
0.021
0.015
0.36
0.23
0.014
0.009
REFERENCES
cD E e M
(1) (1)
26.92
26.54
1.060
1.045
6.40
6.22
0.25
0.24
E
10
(1)
M
e
L
1
3.60
8.25
3.05
7.80
0.14
0.32
0.12
0.31
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
H
E
10.0
0.2542.54 7.62
8.3
0.39
0.010.10 0.30
0.33
ISSUE DATE
w
92-11-17 95-05-24
Z
max.
2.04.2 0.51 3.2
0.0780.17 0.020 0.13
April 1991 16
Page 17
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and demodulator with TV signal identification
SO20: plastic small outline package; 20 leads; body width 7.5 mm
D
c
y
Z
20
11
TDA3842
SOT163-1
E
H
E
A
X
v M
A
pin 1 index
1
e
0 5 10 mm
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions)
mm
A
max.
2.65
0.10
A
1
0.30
0.10
0.012
0.004
A2A
2.45
2.25
0.096
0.089
0.25
0.01
b
0.49
0.36
p
cD
0.32
0.23
0.013
0.009
3
0.019
0.014
UNIT
inches
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included.
10
w M
b
p
scale
(1)E(1) (1)
13.0
12.6
0.51
0.49
eHELLpQ
7.6
1.27
7.4
0.30
0.050
0.29
10.65
10.00
0.42
0.39
Q
A
2
A
1
1.4
0.055
1.1
0.4
0.043
0.016
detail X
1.1
1.0
0.043
0.039
(A )
L
p
L
0.25
0.01
A
3
θ
0.25 0.1
0.01
ywv θ
Z
0.9
0.4
8
0.004
0.035
0.016
0
o o
OUTLINE VERSION
SOT163-1
April 1991 17
REFERENCES
IEC JEDEC EIAJ
075E04 MS-013AC
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
ISSUE DATE
92-11-17 95-01-24
Page 18
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification
Multistandard TV IF amplifier and
TDA3842
demodulator with TV signal identification
SOLDERING Introduction
There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used.
This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our
“IC Package Databook”
Soldering by dipping or by wave
The maximum permissible temperature of the solder is 260 °C; solder at this temperature must not be in contact with the joint for more than 5 seconds. The total contact time of successive solder waves must not exceed 5 seconds.
The device may be mounted up to the seating plane, but the temperature of the plastic body must not exceed the specified maximum storage temperature (T be necessary immediately after soldering to keep the temperature within the permissible limit.
Repairing soldered joints
Apply a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) to the lead(s) of the package, below the seating plane or not more than 2 mm above it. If the temperature of the soldering iron bit is less than 300 °C it may remain in contact for up to 10 seconds. If the bit temperature is between 300 and 400 °C, contact may be up to 5 seconds.
(order code 9398 652 90011).
). If the printed-circuit board has been pre-heated, forced cooling may
stg max
DEFINITIONS
Data sheet status
Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications.
Limiting values
Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.
LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.
April 1991 18
Loading...