The U4224B is a bipolar integrated straight through receiver circuit in the frequency range of 40 to 80 kHz.
The device is designed for radio controlled clock applications.
A ferrite antenna is connected between IN and VCC. For
high sensitivity the Q of the antenna circuit should be as
high as possible, but a high Q often requires temperature
compensation of the resonant frequency. Specifications
are valid for Q > 30. An optimal signal to noise ratio will
be achieved by a resonant resistance of 50 to 200 kW.
V
CC
IN
94 8379
SB
A resistor RSB is connected between SB and GND. It controls the bandwidth of the crystal filters. It is
recommended: R
10 kW for 60 kHz WWVB and R
40 kHz.
= 0 W for DCF 77.5 kHz, RSB =
SB
= open for JG2AS
SB
94 8381
SB
GND
2 (17)
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
Page 3
U4224B
Q1A, Q1B
In order to achieve a high selectivity, a crystal is connected between the pins Q1A
serial resonance frequency of the time code transmitter
(e.g. 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40kHz JG2AS).
The equivalent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is
internally compensated. The compensated value is about
0.7 pF . If the full sensitivity and selectivity is not needed,
the crystal filter can be substituted by a capacitor of 10 pF
for DCF and WWVB and 22 pF for JG2AS.
Q1A
94 8382
and Q1B. It is used with the
Q1B
GND
REC
Rectifier output and integrator input: The capacitor C1
between REC and INT is the lowpass filter of the rectifier
and at the same time a damping element of the gain
control.
94 8374
SL
AGC hold mode: SL high (VSL = VCC) sets normal function, SL low (V
the voltage V
amplifier gain.
94 8378
= 0) disconnects the rectifier and holds
SL
at the integrator output and also the AGC
INT
V
CC
SL
INT
Integrator output: The voltage V
for the AGC. The capacitor C2 between INT and DEC
defines the time constant of the integrator. The current
through the capacitor is the input signal of the decoder.
is the control voltage
INT
94 8375
REC
GND
DEC
Decoder input: Senses the current through the integration
capacitor C2. The dynamic input resistance has a value of
about 420kW and is low compared to the impedance of
C2.
DEC
94 8376
GND
INT
GND
FLA, FLB
Lowpass filter: A capacitor C3 connected between FLA
and FLB supresses higher frequencies at the trigger
circuit of the decoder.
FLB
FLB
94 8377
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
3 (17)
Page 4
U4224B
Q2A, Q2B
According to Q1A, Q1B a crystal is connected between
the pins Q2A and Q2B. It is used with the serial resonance
frequency of the time code transmitter (e.g. 60 kHz
WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40 kHz JG2AS). The equivalent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is internally
compensated. The value of the compensation is about
0.7 pF.
Q2AQ2B
94 8383
GND
PON
If PON is connected to GND, the U 4224 B receiver IC
will be activated. The set-up time is typical 0.5s after
applying GND at this pin. If PON is connected to V
CC
, the
receiver will go into power down mode.
V
CC
PON
94 8373
TCO
The digitized serial signal of the time code transmitter can
be directly decoded by a microcomputer. Details about
the time code format of several transmitters are described
separately .
The output consists of a PNP*NPN push-pull-stage. It
should be taken into account that in the power down mode
(PON = high) TCO will be high.
V
CC
An additional improvement of the driving capability may
be achieved by using a CMOS driver circuit or a NPN
transistor with pull-up resistor connected to the collector
(see figure KEIN MERKER). Using a CMOS driver this
circuit must be connected to V
100 k
W
CC
.
10 k
V
CC
W
TCO
pin16
TCO
94 8395 e
Figure 1.
Please note:
The signals and voltages at the pins REC, INT , FLA, FLB,
Q1A, Q1B, Q2A and Q2B cannot be measured by standard measurement equipment due to very high internal
impedances. For the same reason the PCB should be protected against surface humidity.
Design Hints for the Ferrite Antenna
The bar antenna is a very critical device of the complete
clock receiver. But by observing some basic RF design
knowledge, no problem should arise with this part. The IC
requires a resonance resistance of 50 kW to 200 kW. This
can be achieved by a variation of the L/C-relation in the
antenna circuit. But it is not easy to measure such high
resistances in the RF region. It is much more convenient
to distinguish the bandwidth of the antenna circuit and
afterwards to calculate the resonance resistance.
Thus the first step in designing the antenna circuit is to
measure the bandwidth. Figure 4 shows an example for
the test circuit. The RF signal is coupled into the bar
antenna by inductive means, e.g. a wire loop. It can be
measured by a simple oscilloscope using the 10:1 probe.
The input capacitance of the probe, typically about 10 pF ,
should be taken into consideration. By varying the
frequency of the signal generator, the resonance
frequency can be determined.
RF - Signal
generator
77.5 kHz
Scope
4 (17)
94 8380
PON
TCO
GND
wire loop
Probe
10 : 1
w
10 M
W
C
res
94 7907 e
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
Page 5
U4224B
Afterwards, the two frequencies where the voltage of the
rf signal at the probe drops 3 dB down can be measured.
The difference between these two frequencies is called
the bandwidth BW
of the capacitor C
of the antenna circuit. As the value
A
in the antenna circuit is well known,
res
it is easy to compute the resonance resistance according
to the following formula:
+
R
res
2@p@BW
1
@
C
res
A
whereas
is the resonance resistance,
R
res
is the measured bandwidth (in Hz)
BW
A
is the value of the capacitor in the antenna circuit
C
res
(in Farad)
If high inductance values and low capacitor values are
used, the additional parasitic capacitances of the coil
must be considered. It may reach up to about 20 pF. The
Q-value of the capacitor should be no problem if a high
Q-type is used. The Q-value of the coil is more or less
distinguished by the simple DC-resistance of the wire.
Skin effects can be observed but do not dominate.
Therefore it shouldn’t be a problem to achieve the recommended values of resonance resistance. The use of thicker
wire increases Q and accordingly reduces bandwidth.
This is advantageous in order to improve reception in
noisy areas. On the other hand, temperature compensation of the resonance frequency might become a
problem if the bandwidth of the antenna circuit is low
compared to the temperature variation of the resonance
frequency . Of course, Q can also be reduced by a parallel
resistor.
Temperature compensation of the resonance frequency is
a must if the clock is used at different temperatures.
Please ask your dealer of bar antenna material and of capacitors for specified values of temperature coefficient.
Furthermore some critical parasitics have to be considered. These are shortened loops (e.g. in the ground line of
the PCB board) close to the antenna and undesired loops
in the antenna circuit. Shortened loops decrease Q of the
circuit. They have the same effect like conducting plates
close to the antenna. To avoid undesired loops in the
antenna circuit it is recommended to mount the capacitor
as close as possible to the antenna coil or to use a
C
res
twisted wire for the antenna coil connection. This twisted
line is also necessary to reduce feedback of noise from the
microprocessor to the IC input. Long connection lines
must be shielded.
A final adjustment of the time code receiver can be done
by pushing the coil along the bar antenna. The maximum
of the integrator output voltage V
at pin INT indicates
INT
the resonant point. But attention: The load current should
not exceed 1 nA, that means an input resistance w 1 G
W
of the measuring device is required. Therefore a special
DVM or an isolation amplifier is necessary .
Absolute Maximum Ratings
ParametersSymbolValueUnit
Supply voltageV
Ambient temperature rangeT
Storage temperature rangeR
Junction temperatureT
Electrostatic handling
± V
(MIL Standard 883 D), excepted pins 5, 6, 13 and 14
Thermal Resistance
ParametersSymbolValueUnit
Thermal resistanceR
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
CC
amb
stg
j
ESD
thJA
5.25V
–25 to +75
–40 to +85
125
2000V
70K/W
_
C
_
C
_
C
5 (17)
Page 6
U4224B
Electrical Characteristics
VCC = 3 V, reference point pin 3, input signal frequency 80 kHz, T
Station: DCF 77,
Frequency 77.5 kHz,
Transmitting power 50 kW
5
0
coding
when
required
Example:19.35 h
1248
s
212223242526272830293132333435
20sec.
Start BitParity Bit P1Parity Bit P2
10
15
A1
R
minutes
Location: Mainflingen/Germany,
Geographical coordinates: 50_
Time of transmission: permanent
Time Frame 1 Minute
( index count 1 second )
20
2530
8
4
1
2
Z1
S
A2
Z2
10
P1
20
40
minuteshoursday
20
10
3545
2
4
1
8
20
10
40
40
142
8
P2
calendar
day
P11
1241248102
10
20
monthyear
of
the
week
2
50
0.1’N, 09 00’E
55
8
4
1
204080
10
81020
4
hours
0
P3
Time Frame
5
10
93 7527
P2
Modulation:
The carrier amplitude is reduced to 25 % at the beginning
of each second for 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary
one) duration, excepting the 59th second.
Time Code Format: (based on information of Deutsche Bundespost)
It consists of 1 minute time frames. No modulation at the
12 (17)
beginning of the 59th second to recognize the switch over
to the next 1 minute time frame. A time frame contains
BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, calendar day,
day of the week, month and year between the 20th second
and 58th second of the time frame, including the start bit
S (200 ms) and parity bits P1, P2 and P3. Further there are
5 additional bits R (transmission by reserve antenna), A1
(announcement of change–over to the summer time), Z1
(during the summer time 200 ms, otherwise 100 ms), Z2
(during standard time 200 ms otherwise 100 ms) and A2
(announcement of leap second) transmitted between the
15th second and 19th second of the time frame.
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
Page 13
Information Regarding British Transmitter
U4224B
Station: MSF
Frequency 60 kHz
Transmitting power 50 kW
Location: T eddington, Middlesex
05
Example:
10
switch over to
the next time frame
0
1520253040
1
500 ms500 ms
80
March 1993
TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE
( index count 1 second)
8421842
804020
10
year
4020
10
month
10
1
20
842
10
day of
month
Geographical coordinates: 52_
22’N, 01 11’W
Time of transmission: permanent, excepting the first tuesday of each month from 10.00 h to 14.00 h.
TIME FRAME
1
402010
minute
1
5055
4
821
0
Parity
check
bits
108
0510
0
minute
identifier
BST
hour + minute
day of week
day + month
year
BST 7 GMT change
impending
8
4
2
93 7528
3545
1
214
842
20
10
hour
day
of
week
42
1
18
19
20
21
year
22
17seconds
Modulation:
The carrier amplitude is switched off at the beginning of
each second for the time of 100 ms (binary zero) or 200
ms (binary one).
23
24
25
26
27
month
2829
30
Time Code Format:
It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains
BCD–coded information of year, month, calendar day,
day of the week, hours and minutes. At the switch–over
to the next time frame, the carrier amplitude is reduced for
500 ms duration.
The prescence of the fast code during the first 500 ms at
the beginning of the minute in not guaranteed. The transmission rate is 100 bits/s and the code contains
information of hour, minute, day and month.
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
13 (17)
Page 14
U4224B
Information Regarding US Transmitter
Station: WWVB
Frequency 60 kHz
Transmitting power 10 kW
5102025
0
2
1
FRM2010
P0
40
minutes
4
20
P1810
Example: UTC 18.42 h
P040 20
15
hours
10
TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE
( index count 1 second)
30
842
1
00
40
201080
P2
1002
P3
days
TIME FRAME
8421P1
842
Location: Fort Collins
Geographical coordinates: 40_
Time of transmission: permanent.
35
4050550
45
1
SU B
A DD
A D D
P4
800
UTI
UTI
sign correction
400
200
100
80
402010
year
P5
842
40’N, 105 03’W
TIME FRAME
510
1
P0
daylight savings time bits
leap second warning bit
leap year indicator bit
”0” = non leap year
”1” = leap year
93 7529 e
P220 108421
seconds
0
12354
Frame reference marker
minutes
6
7
891011
Modulation:
The carrier amplitude is reduced 10 dB at the beginning
of each second and is restored in 500 ms (binary one) or
in 200 ms (binary zero).
12
13 14 15
hours
16
17 18 19 20
Time Code Format:
It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains
BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, days and
year. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers
(P0 thru P5) and 1 frame reference marker with reduced
carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration.
14 (17)
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
Page 15
Information Regarding Japanese Transmitter
Station: JG2AS
Frequency 40 kHz
Transmitting power 10 kW
Time Frame 1 Minute
(index count 1 second)
Location: Sanwa, Ibaraki
Geographical coordinates: 36_11’ N, 139_51’ E
Time of transmission: permanent
U4224B
Time Frame
051020304055053545
421
8
10
40
20
PO
FRM
minuteshours
P11020
15
255010
2
1
8
4
P2
100
200
80402010P3
days
842
1
Example: 18.42 h
Time Frame
sec.
59
P0
0.5 s
40 20 10
0
123546 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920
frame reference marker (FRM)
position identifier marker P0
0.8 s
”1”
”0”
minutes
8
421P1
0.2 s
”P”
0.5 second: Binary one
0.8 second: Binary zero
0.2 second: Identifier markers P0...P5
214
8
P4
SUB
ADD
ADD
dut1code
P5
20 1084
position identifier marker P1
hours
P0
21
P2
93 7508 e
Modulation:
The carrier amplitude is 100% at the beginning of each second and is switched off after 500 ms (binary one) or after
800 ms (binary zero).
Time Code Format:
It consists of one minute time frame. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours and
days. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers
(P0 thruP5) and one frame reference markers (FRM) with
reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration.
Ordering and Package Information
Extended type numberPackageRemarks
U4224B-CFLSO 16 L plastic
U4224B-CFLG3SO 16 L plasticTaping according to IEC–286–3
T4224B-CFnodie on foil
T4224B-CCnodie on tray
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
15 (17)
Page 16
U4224B
Dimensions in mm
Package: SO 16 L
94 8961
16 (17)
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev . A3, 02-Apr-96
Page 17
U4224B
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to
1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.
2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems
with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on
the environment.
It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as
ozone depleting substances (ODSs).
The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and
forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban
on these substances.
TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of
continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.
1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively
2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA
3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.
TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain
such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.
Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer
application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized
application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of,
directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or