DIGITALLY CONTROLLED VARIABLE AMPLIFIER AND BLACK CLAMP LEVEL
.
8 BITS PIXEL RATE ADC
STV0502
AUDIO
.
MICROPHONE PREAMP WITH SWI TCHABLE
AGC (RANGE 34dB - 60dB) OR FIXED GAIN
DESCRIPTION
The chip integrates the analog functions needed in
a CCD Video Camera, more particularly for videoconferencing purpose.
The CCD signal is sampled, amplified to a useful
level and digitized by an 8 bits ADC. The gain of the
amplifier and the black level clamp c an be adjusted
by a serial bus.
PIN CONNECTIONS
VCCGND
BLACK_REF
NOT USED
VAGCIN
CDS_OUT
CDS_REF
CDS_IN
NOT USED
NOT USED
DATA7
DATA6
DATA5
DATA4
1
2
3
4
5
V
SS
6
7
8
9
10
11
TQFP44 Full (10 x 10 x 1.40mm)
(Plastic Quad Flat Pack)
ORDER CODE : STV0502
The audio microphone preamplifier allows a microphone to be connected to the chip, which outputs
a differential audio line level signal ready for digital
conversion or straight amplification. The preamplifier incorporates an AGC to adapt to the income
signal level. The AGC is switchable ON/OFF by the
serial interface.
A CCD signal is provided to the STV0502, via a
coupling capacitor , as well as the pulses FS/FCDS.
The CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) is performing a clamp of the CCD signal during the FCDS
pulse. The signal obtained is then sampled during
the FS pulse, and held the rest of the period. The
resulting signal is then the difference between the
useful pixel level, and the pixel level corresponding
to no charge which can vary from one pixel to
another. Therefore, the parasitic level offset from
one pixel to another is removed.
This signal is DC coupled to the ACG, amplified by
a variable gain amplifier, bus controlled
(0.07dB step), which gain is in the range +6dB to
+23.7dB (17.7dB range). Typically, the amplifier is
controlled in order to keep the signal at an optimum
level (AGC) to be digitized. An extra 12dB can be
added up via a bit of the serial interface. In this cas e
the gain range becomes +18dB up to + 36dB.
At this point, the signal is clamped to a Black level
during the OB pulse. The black level is 5 bits bus
controlled, and its range corresponds to
[0 LSB ; 31 LSB] of the ADC. The black level is
made with a 5 bits DC frequency DAC, using the
same V
BOTTOM
and V
voltage references than
TOP
the ADC for matching purposes. The clamp is m ade
out of a OB puls e sampled comparator between the
VIDEO GAIN AMPLIFIER &
A/D CONVERTER INTERFACE
INTERFACE
SERIAL BUS
6dB/18dB
Range
0-18dB
COMP
ADJUST & CLAMP
A/D CONV
D/A CONV
BLACK LEVEL
STV0502
DAC output voltage (Black) and the ADC input
signal. The comparator has a symetrical current
output charging a capacitor. The obtained voltage
is buffered and used as a feedback to t he AGC
input stage. This clamp makes sure that ADCin is
matched to the DAC black settin g during the OB
pulse, disregarding any offset in the AGC path.
Then the signal is digitized by a fast ADC, clocked
at the pixel rate. The output of the chip is then an
8-bit pixel DATA, ready for digital post-processing.
2 - Audio Section
The chip integrates a high gain audio amplifier, in
order to process low signals coming from a speech
microphone, and provide on its output a line level,
differential audio signal, for digital conversion, or
power amplification. Two modes can be selected :
fixed gain mode or AGC mode. In case of AGC
mode, a peak detection of the signal is pe rformed
in order to regulate the output signal on a defined
level of 1.5V
level can be chosen at 1.5V
pin at respectively ground or supply voltage (a pullup resistor to supply is already included on chip),
for compatibility purposes between the 502 and
various back-end chips.
The system includes a Low-Noise fixed amplifier
(26dB), and a bias circuitry at the front.
or 1VPP (non-diff). This regulated
PP
or 1VPP thanks to a
PP
0502-02.EPS
3/15
Page 4
STV0502
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
(continued)
It is followed by a Voltage Controlled Amplifier
(range 8dB - 34dB), that can be switched into a
fixed 26dB gain amplifier.
The VCA output is differential and 2 buffers are
driving the two output pins, with a load impedance
down to 5kΩ.
A bias circuitry and an external capacitor (ACC)
form a DC feedback loop on the VCA DC bias, in
order to correct any DC offset on the VCA output.
Finally , a peak detector (double alternance) is used
to compare the output signal with the reference
Figure 1
CDS_IN
FCDS
FS
CDS_OUT
ADC_IN
ADC_CLOCK
Pixel N
t1
t3
t2t4
Sampling
Period
Pixel N+1Pixel N+2Pixel N+3Pixel N+4Pixel N+5
t
PROP
Pixel NPixel N+1Pixel N+2Pixel N+3Pixel N+4
t
DADC
threshold, to be regulated at. An external capacitor
(CAGC) is used for the AGC time constants. If the
signal goes above the threshold, a 500µA current
is charging the capacitor with a fast reponse
time(attack). In case of very big signals, a second
charge cureent of about 5mA is given, in order to
reduce the period during which the output signal is
saturated. Otherwise, a constant 1µA current discharges the capacitor with a slow response time
(decay). The capacitor voltage controls the VCA
gain. This constitues the AGC loop.
DATA_OUT
Notation :
Figure 2
4/15
Pixel N-4Pixel N-3Pixel N-2Pixel N-1Pixel N
3 CLK Pipe-Line Delay
- t1 is the delay between the falling edge of FCDS and the beginning of the active pixel level from the CCD.
- t2 is the delay between the falling edge of FS and the end of the active pixel level from the CCD.
t1, t2, t3 and t4 must be kept > 0 in the Application.
-t
is the propagation delay between CDS_OUT and ADC_IN signals (within the AGC block).
PROP
is the delay on the ADC outputs between the rising edge of the clock and data output.
-t
DADC
CDS_IN =
CCD Signal
FCDS
FS
CDS_OUT
Feedtrough Level
Signal Level
Pixel N+1
0502-03.EPS
0502-04.EPS
Page 5
STV0502
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
(continued)
3 - Serial Bus Specification
It is a 2-wires (data and clock) serial bus, used as
a slave.
Clock line is monodirectional (input) and allways
sent by the master to the chip, whereas Data line
is bidirectional (I/O).
There are 3 registers (8 bits), both writable/readable.
Each register can be addressed by a 4 bits address
word, followed by a R/W bit, and an 8 bits word Data
(read/write).
2 main patterns can be sent : Reset Pattern and
Read/Write pattern.
3.1 -Timings and Protocol
The data bit is t aken into ac count when t he clock
is rising.
- Reset Pattern : resets all the registers to their
default (Power On) values :
format = 16 * (data=1) | 2 * (data=0)
(total = 18 clocks)
- Read/Write Pattern :
format = 4 addr bits | R/W bit | 8 data bits
(total = 13 clocks)
Figure 3
Please note that :
1/ On power On conditions, SDATA line is in Write
(Input) Mode.
2/ In case of a read pattern, the SDATA line is
automatically set to Read (Output mode) during
8 clock cycles (Data D7 - D0) after R/W bit has
been sent, and comes back in Write (Input
mode) after the 13th clock cycle.
3/ There is no timing restriction between two
consecutive patterns (a pattern being defined
as one of the two above).
3.2 - Register Summary
Register
Video Amplifier Gain0000DDDD.DDDD
Black Level Adjust0001XXXD.DDDD
Video High Gain Select0001XXDX.XXXX
Test Mode0001DDXX.XXXX
Microphone AGC0010XXXX.XXXD
X : unused bits
D : means useful bits
Address
(A3-A0)
Data Format
(D7-D0)
Please note that 3 different functions are merged
in register address 01.
CLK
SDATA
Figure 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 1 2
2 CLK CyclesMinimum 16 CLK Cycles
Reset Pattern
12345678910111213
CLK
SDATA
A3A2A1A0R/WD7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
Read/Write Pattern
0502-05.EPS
0502-06.EPS
5/15
Page 6
STV0502
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
(continued)
3.3 - Control Data
Video Amplifier Gain Control
(8 bits used)
Address: 0000
POR value : 0000.0000 ---> 6dB
Gain is expressed from CDSoutput to ADC input
(ADC range 1.55V
PP
)
- 0.07dB / LSB step
- Overall range (256 steps) : 17.7dB
Video Gain (dB)Data
60000.0000
6.070000.0001
6.140000.0010
......
7.120001.0000
7.190001.0001
......
23.631111.1110
23.71111.1111
Black Level Adjustment Control
(5 bits used)
Address: 0001
POR Value : 0001.0000 ---> 16LSB
The adjustment is controlling the black reference
voltage. However, it is preferred to express the
Black level adjustment in terms of the ADC output
code variation (in ADC LSBs, compared to the
nominal default setting) depending on the Black
setting.
Typically, 16 LSBs black level is recommended.
- 1 ADC LSBs / LSB s tep
- Overall range : 31 ADC LSBs
Black Level
(ADC Ouput Variation)
0 LSBsXXX0.0000
1 LSBsXXX0.0001
......
30 LSBsXXX1.1110
31 LSBsXXX1.1111
Data
Video High Gain Select
(1 bit used)
Address: 0001
POR Value : 0 ---> Nominal gain
This bit controls an extra 12dB gain in the video
path (adding to gain described in previous page).
Video High Gain SelectData
Nominal GainXX0X.XXXX
Extra 12dB GainXX1X.XXXX
Video AGCOUT Test Signal ON/OFF
(2 bits use d)
Address: 0001
POR Value : 00 ---> High Z pad
A pin is reserved to output the ADC input signal, or
input the ADC input signal for t est and evaluation
purpose.
Those bits control the state of the output buffer. To
limit Xtalk and pollutions, the buffer is in High
impedance mode during normal operation.
VAGCOUT PIn StateData
Normal Operation (High Z Pin)00XX.XXXX
AGC Output Test10XX.XXXX
ADC Input Test11XX.XXXX
Microphone AGC Switch
(1 bit used)
Address: 0010
POR value : 0000.0000 ---> AGC OFF
The switch is controlling the state of the AGC : ON
or OFF.
In OFF mode, the Micro Preamp. is set at a fixed
nominal gain of 52dB.
In ON mode, the AGC is operating in a gain range
[34dB ; 60dB] (see further in this document for
details).
Microphone AGCData
OFF0000.0000
ON0000.0001
6/15
Page 7
STV0502
ABSOL UT E MAXIMUM RATIN G S
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
, V
DD
CC
V
I
I
I
T
stg
T
oper
T
lead
The STV0502 withstands 2kV in Human Body Model and 100V in Machine Model for all P ins versus
OB_riseOB High Time ConstantPin 38, OB 0 to 14mV/µs
OB_decayOB Low Time ConstantPin 38, OB 1 to 0-2mV/ms
BLK_RANBlack Level Adjust RangePins 8 to 15, OB high,
Serial bus from H00 to H1F
BLK_resBlack Level Adjust ResolutionPins 8 to 15, per serial bus LSB step1LSBs
BLK_LEVBlack Level AdjustPins 8 to 15
Bus = H00
Bus = H1F29031233
ADC_DNADC Input Dynamic Range (output
from 0 to 255)
f
t
PCLK
t
DADC
R
V
V
CLK
LADD
TOP
BOT
ADC Clock FrequencyPin 2412MHz
Output Pipeline Delay (3)From a sampling to data out33CLK
Clock to Data Out (4)CLK positive edge, C
Ladder ResistanceBetween Pins 36 and 37330Ω
Top Reference VoltagePin 363.23.353.5V
Bottom Reference VoltagePin 371.711.81.89V
Pin 38 test signal above black
clamping level (V
BOT
)
= 20pF17ns
LOAD
ADC_linADC LinearityData out, input signal between
Notes :
3. The signal is being sampled as long as ADC_CLK is high.
4. See Figure 6 for data reading timing constraint.
[V
BOT
+ 25mV ; V
TOP
- 25mV]
31LSBs
LSBs
LSBs
1.41.551.7V
cycles
1%
PP
0502-06.TBL
Figure 6
ADC_IN
ADC_CLOCK
DATA_OUT
Due to t
, and to make sure the data are read when they are stable, please read the data on the falling
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the
consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from
its use. No licence is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications
mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information
previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or sys tem s
without express written approv al of STMi cr oelec troni cs.
Purchase of I
Rights to use these components in a I
Australia - Brazil - Canada - China - France - Germany - Italy - Japan - Korea - Malaysia - Malta - Mexico - Morocco - The Neth erlands
Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - Taiwan - Thailand - United Kingdom - U.S.A.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics