Datasheet ST62T80BQ6, ST62E80BG1, ST6280BQ6, ST6280BQ1, ST6280B Datasheet (SGS Thomson Microelectronics)

Download

8-BIT OTP/EPROM MCU WITH LCD DRIVER,

■ 3.0 to 6.0V Supply Operating Range

■ 8 MHz Maximum Clock Frequency

■ -40 to +85°C Operating Temperature Range

■ Run, Wait and Stop Modes

■ 5 Interrupt Vectors

■ Look-up Table capability in Program Memory

■ Data Storage in Program Memory:

User selectable size

■ Data RAM: 192 bytes

■ Data EEPROM: 128 bytes

■ User Programmable Options

■ 22 I/O pins, fully programmable as:

– Input with pull-up resistor – Input without pull-up resistor – Input with interrupt generation – Open-drain or push-pull output – Analog Input

■ 10 I/O lines can sink up to 20mA to drive LEDs

or TRIACs directly

■ One 8-bit Timer/Counter with 7-bit

programmable prescaler

■ One 8-bit Auto-Reload Timer with 7-bit

programmable prescaler (ARTimer)

■ Digital Watchdog

■ 8-bit A/D Converter with 12 analog inputs

■ 8-bit Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI)

■ 8-bit AsynchronousPeripheralInterface (UART)

■ LCD driver with 48 segment outputs, 8

backplane outputs, 8 software selectable segment/backplane outputs and selectable multiplexing ratio.

■ 32kHz oscillator for stand-by LCD operation

■ On-chip Clockoscillator canbe driven by Quartz

Crystal or Ceramic resonator

■ One external Non-Maskable Interrupt

■ ST6280-EMU2 Emulation and Development

System (connects to an MS-DOS PC via a parallel port).

ST62T80B/E80B

EEPROM AND A/D CONVERTER

PQFP100

CQFP100W

(See end of Datasheet for Ordering Information)

DEVICE SUMMARY

DEVICE

ST62T80B 7948 - 4 x 56 or 16 x 48 ST62E80B 7948 4 x 56 or 16 x 48

OTP

(Bytes)

EPROM

(Bytes)

LCD display

Rev. 2.5

August 1999 1/78

Table of Contents

Document

Page

ST62T80B/E80B . ....................................1

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . ................................................ 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................5

1.2 PIN DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . ................................................7

1.3 MEMORY MAP . . . . . . . . . . ................................................8

1.3.1 Introduction . . . ..................................................... 8

1.3.2 Program Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 8

1.3.3 Data Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 10

1.3.4 Stack Space . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........................................10

1.3.5 Data Window Register (DWR) . ........................................11

1.3.6 Data RAM/EEPROM and LCD RAM Bank Register (DRBR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.3.7 EEPROM Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 13

1.4 PROGRAMMING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.4.1 Option Byte . . . .................................................... 15

1.4.2 Program Memory . . . ................................................ 15

1.4.3 EEPROM Data Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 15

1.4.4 EPROM Erasing .................................................... 15

2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT . . ............................................... 16

2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................... 16

2.2 CPU REGISTERS . . . .................................................... 16

3 CLOCKS, RESET, INTERRUPTS AND POWER SAVING MODES . . ................... 18

3.1 CLOCK SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........................................18

3.1.1 Main Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 18

3.1.2 32 KHz STAND-BY OSCILLATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.2 RESETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2.1 RESET Input . . .................................................... 20

3.2.2 Power-on Reset .................................................... 20

3.2.3 Watchdog Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 21

3.2.4 Application Notes . . . ................................................ 21

3.2.5 MCU Initialization Sequence . . . . . . . . .................................. 21

3.3 DIGITAL WATCHDOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 23

3.3.1 Digital Watchdog Register (DWDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.3.2 Application Notes . . . ................................................ 25

3.4 INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 27

3.4.1 Interrupt request . ...................................................27

3.4.2 Interrupt Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 28

3.4.3 Interrupt Option Register (IOR) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 29

3.4.4 Interrupt sources . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................29

3.5 POWER SAVING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 31

3.5.1 WAIT Mode ....................................................... 31

3.5.2 STOP Mode . . . . . . . . ...............................................31

3.5.3 Exit from WAIT and STOP Modes . . . . ..................................32

2/78

Table of Contents

4 ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS . . . . . . . . . . . ...........................................33

4.1 I/O PORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........................................33

4.1.1 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 34

4.1.2 Safe I/O State Switching Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1.3 ARTimer alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 37

4.1.4 SPI alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 37

4.1.5 UART alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.1.6 I/O Port Option Registers . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 39

4.1.7 I/O Port Data Direction Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.1.8 I/O Port Data Registers . . . . . . ........................................ 39

4.2 TIMER . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 40

4.2.1 Timer Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................41

4.2.2 Timer Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................41

4.2.3 Application Notes . . . ................................................ 42

4.3 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 43

4.3.1 AR Timer Description . . . . . . . . ........................................43

4.3.2 Timer Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................43

4.3.3 AR Timer Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 47

4.4 U. A. R. T. (UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER) . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.4.1 PORTS INTERFACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.4.2 CLOCK GENERATION . . . . . . . . . . ....................................50

4.4.3 DATA TRANSMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.4.4 DATA RECEPTION . . . . . . ...........................................51

4.4.5 INTERRUPT CAPABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.4.6 REGISTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 51

4.5 A/D CONVERTER (ADC) . . ............................................... 53

4.5.1 Application Notes . . . ................................................ 53

4.6 SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 55

4.7 LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER . . . . . . ........................................57

4.7.1 Multiplexing ratio and frame frequency setting . . . . . . . . . ...................58

4.7.2 Segment and common plates driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.7.3 Stand by or STOP operation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 61

4.7.4 LCD Mode Control Register (LCDCR) ................................. 61

5 SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................... 62

5.1 ST6 ARCHITECTURE . ...................................................62

5.2 ADDRESSING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 62

5.3 INSTRUCTION SET . . . . . . . ............................................... 63

Document

Page

3/78

Table of Contents

6 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 68

6.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . ........................................68

6.2 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . .............................. 69

6.3 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........70

6.4 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6.5 A/D CONVERTERCHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6.6 TIMER CHARACTERISTICS . . . . ...........................................72

6.7 SPI CHARACTERISTICS . . ...............................................72

6.8 LCD ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 72

7 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . ........................................... 73

7.1 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 73

7.2 PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTIC . . . . . . . . ........................... 74

7.3 .ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . ...........................................74

Document

Page

ST6280B ...........................................75

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . ............................................... 76

1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................... 76

1.2 ROM READOUT PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................76

1.3 ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 78

1.3.1 Transfer of Customer Code . . . . . . . . . . ................................. 78

1.3.2 Listing Generation and Verification . . . . ................................. 78

4/78

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

ST62T80B/E80B

The ST62T80B and ST62E80B devices are low cost members of the ST62xx 8-bit HCMOS family of microcontrollers, which is targetedat low to medium complexity applications. All ST62xx devices are based on a building block approach: a com-

Figure 1. Block Diagram

8-BIT

TEST/V

NMI

TEST

INTERRUPT

PROGRAM

Memory

7948 bytes

STACK LEVEL 1 STACK LEVEL 2 STACK LEVEL 3 STACK LEVEL 4 STACK LEVEL 5 STACK LEVEL 6

POWER

SUPPLY

OSCILLATOR

A/D CONVERTER

DATA ROM

USER

SELECTABLE

DATA RAM

192 Bytes

DATA EEPROM

128 Bytes

8 BIT CORE

RESET

mon core is surrounded by a number of on-chip peripherals.

The ST62E80B is the erasable EPROM version of the ST62T80B device, which may be used to emulate the ST62T80B device, as well as the respective ST6280B ROM devices.

PA2..PA3 / 20mA Sink

PORT A

PORT B

ARTIMER

UART

PORT C

LCD DRIVER

OSC 32kHz

TIMER

DIGITAL

WATCHDOG

SPI (SERIAL

PERIPHERAL

INTERFACE)

PA4 / TIMER / 20mA Sink

PA5 / Scl / 20mA Sink PA6 / Sin / 20mA Sink

PA7 / Sout / 20mA Sink

PB0 / RXD / Ain

PB1 / TXD / Ain

PB2..PB5 / Ain

PB6 / ARTIMin/ Ain PB7 / ARTIMout / Ain

PC0..PC3/ 20mA Sink PC4..PC7/ Ain

COM1..COM8

S9..S56 COM9..COM16 / S1..S8

VLCD VLCD1/5 VLCD2/5 VLCD3/5 VLCD4/5

OSC32in OSC32out

DDVSS

on EPROM/OTP versions only)

OSCin OSCout RESET

VA0479

5/78

ST62T80B/E80B

INTRODUCTION (Cont’d)

OTP and EPROM devices are functionally identical. The ROM based versions offer the same functionality selecting as ROM options the options defined in the programmable option byte of the OTP/EPROM versions.OTP devices offer all the advantages of user programmability at low cost, which make them the ideal choice in a wide range of applications where frequent code changes, multiple code versions or last minute programmability are required.

Figure 2. ST6280B Pin Description

S38

S37

S36

S35

S34

S33

S32

100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81

S39

S40

S41

S42

S43

S44

S45 S46

S47

S48

10 11

S49

S50 S51

13 14

S52

S53

S54

S55

S56

PB7/ARTIMout/Ain

PB6/ARTIMin/Ain

PB5/Ain PB4/Ain PB3/Ain PB2/Ain PB1/Ain PB0/Ain

TEST

OSCout

OSCin

RESET

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

These compact low-cost devices feature one Timer comprising an 8-bit counter and a 7-bit programmable prescaler, one 8-bit autoreload timer with 7-bit programmable prescaler (ARTimer), EEPROM data capability, a serial synchronous port interface (SPI), an 8-bit A/D Converterwith 12 analog inputs, a Digital Watchdog timer, and a complete LCD controller driver, making them well suited for a wide range of automotive, appliance and industrial applications.

S31

S30

S29

S28

S27

S26

S25

S24

S23

S22

S21

S20

S19

S18

S17

S16

S15

S14

S13

S12

S11

S10

COM16/S8

COM15/S7

COM14/S6

COM13/S5

COM12/S4

COM11/S3

COM10/S2

COM9/S1

COM8

COM7

COM6

COM5

COM4

COM3

COM2

COM1

OSC32in

OSC32out

PA2*

PA3*

*Note: 20mA Sink

6/78

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

NMI

PC7/Ain

PC6/Ain

PC5/Ain

PC4/Ain

PC3*

PC2*

PC1*

PC0*

VLCD

VLCD4/5

VLCD3/5

VLCD2/5

VLCD1/5

PA6/Sin*

PA5/SCL*

PA7/Sout*

PA4/TIM1

1.2 PIN DESCRIPTIONS

ST62T80B/E80B

VDDand VSS. Power is supplied to the MCU via

these two pins. VDDis the power connection and VSSis the ground connection.

OSCin and OSCout. These pins are internally connected tothe on-chip oscillator circuit. A quartz crystal, a ceramic resonator or an external clock signal can be connected between these two pins. The OSCin pin is the input pin, the OSCout pin is the output pin.

RESET. The active-low RESET pin is used to restart the microcontroller.

TEST/VPP. The TEST must be held at VSSfor nor- mal operation. If TEST pin is connected to a +12.5V level during the reset phase, the EPROM/OTP programming Mode is entered.

NMI. TheNMI pin provides the capability for asynchronous interruption, byapplying an external non maskable interrupt to the MCU. The NMI input is falling edge sensitive with Schmitt trigger characteristics. The user can select as option the availability of an on-chip pull-up at this pin.

PA2-PA7. These 6 lines are organised as one I/O port (A). Each line may be configured under software controlas inputs with or without internal pullup resistors, interrupt generating inputs with pullup resistors, open-drain or push-pull outputs, PA5/SCL, PA6/Sin and PA7/Sout can be used respectively as data clock, data in and clock pins for the on-chip SPI, while PA4/TIMER can be used as Timer I/O. In addition, PA2-PA7 can sink20mA for direct LED or TRIAC drive.

PB0...PB7. These 8 lines are organised asone I/O port (B). Each line may be configured under software controlas inputs with or without internal pullup resistors, interrupt generating inputs with pullup resistors, open-drain or push-pull outputs, analog inputs for the A/D converter. PB6/ARTIMin

and PB7/ARTIMout are either Port B I/O bitsor the input and output of the ARTimer. PB0 (resp. PB1) can also be usedas reception (resp. transmission) line for the embedded UART.

PC0-PC7. These 8 lines are organised as one I/O port (C). Each line may be configured under software control as input with or without internal pullup resistor, interrupt generating input with pull-up resistor, open-drain or push-pull output, or analog imputs for the A/D Converter. PC0-PC3 can sink 20mA for direct LED or TRIAC drive, while PC4PC7 can be used as analog inputs for the A/D Converter.

COM1-COM8. These eight pins are the LCD peripheral common outputs. They are the outputs of the on-chip backplane voltage generator which is used for multiplexing the LCD lines.

COM9/S1-COM16/S8. These pins are the 8 multiplexed common/segment lines. Under software selected control, they can act as LCD common outputs allowing a 48x 16 dot matrix operation, or they can act as segment outputs alowwing 56 x 8 dot matrix operation.

S9-S56. These pins are the 48 LCD peripheral segment outputs.

VLCD1/5, VLCD5/5. Display supplyvoltage inputs for determining the display voltage levels on common and segment pins during multiplex operation.

OSC32in and OSC32out. These pins are internally connected with the on-chip 32kHz oscillator circuit. A 32.768kHz quartz crystal can be connected between these two pins if it is necessary to provide the LCD stand-by clockand real time interrupt. OSC32in is the input pin, OSC32out is the output pin.

7/78

ST62T80B/E80B

1.3 MEMORY MAP

1.3.1 Introduction

The MCU operates in three separate memory spaces: Program space, Data space, and Stack space. Operationin these three memory spaces is described in the following paragraphs.

Briefly, Program space contains user program code in Program memory and user vectors; Data space contains user data in RAM and in Program memory, and Stack space accommodates six levels of stack for subroutine and interrupt service routine nesting.

1.3.2 Program Space

Program Space comprises the instructions to be executed, the data required for immediate addressing mode instructions, the reserved factory test area and the user vectors. Program Space is addressed via the 12-bit Program Counter register (PC register).

Program Space is organised in four 2K pages. Three of them are addressedin the 000h-7FFh locations of the Program Space by the Program Counter and by writing the appropriate code in the Program ROM Page Register (PRPR register). A

Figure 4. Memory Addressing Diagram

common (STATIC) 2K page is available all the time for interrupt vectors and common subroutines, independently of the PRPR register content. This “STATIC” page is directly addressed in the 0800h-0FFFh by the MSB of the ProgramCounter register PC 11. Note this page can also be addressed in the 000-7FFh range. It is two different ways of addressing the same physical memory.

Jump from a dynamic page to another dynamic page is achieved by jumping back to the static page, changing contents of PRPR and then jumping to the new dynamic page.

Figure 3. 8Kbytes Program Space Addressing

PC SPACE

000h

7FFh 800h

FFFh

0000h

Page 0

Page 1

Static Page

ROM SPACE

Page 1

Static Page

1FFFh

Page 2 Page 3

0000h

0FF0h

0FFFh

PROGRAM SPACE

PROGRAM

MEMORY

INTERRUPT &

RESET VECTORS

0-63

000h

03Fh 040h

07Fh 080h 081h 082h 083h 084h

0C0h

0FFh

DATA SPACE

RAM / EEPROM BANKING AREA

DATA READ-ONLY

MEMORY

X REGISTER Y REGISTER V REGISTER

W REGISTER

DATA READ-ONLY

WINDOW SELECT

BANK SELECT

ACCUMULATOR

WINDOW

RAM

MEMORY

DATA RAM

VR01568

8/78

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d)

ST62T80B/E80B

Table 1. ST62E80B/T80B Program MemoryMap

ROM Page Device Address Description

Page 0

Page 1 “STATIC”

Page 2

Page 3

0000h-007Fh 0080h-07FFh

0800h-0F9Fh 0FA0h-0FEFh 0FF0h-0FF7h 0FF8h-0FFBh

0FFCh-0FFDh

0FFEh-0FFFh

0000h-000Fh

0010h-07FFh

0000h-000Fh

0010h-07FFh

Reserved

User ROM User ROM

Reserved

Interrupt Vectors

Reserved

NMI Vector

Reset Vector

Reserved

User ROM

Reserved

User ROM

Note: OTP/EPROM devices can be programmed with thedevelopment toolsavailable fromSTMicroelectronics (ST62E8X-EPB).

1.3.2.1 Program ROM Page Register (PRPR)

The PRPR register can be addressed like a RAM location in the Data Space at the address CAh ; nevertheless it is a write only register that cannot be accessed with single-bit operations. This register is used to select the 2-Kbyte ROM bank of the Program Space that will be addressed. The number of the page has to be loaded in the PRPR register. Refer to the Program Space description for additional information concerning the use of this register. The PRPR register is not modified when an interrupt or a subroutine occurs.

Care is required when handling the PRPR register as it is write only. For this reason, it is not allowed to change the PRPR contents while executing interrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot save and then restore its previous content. This operation may be necessary if common routines and interrupt service routines take more than 2K bytes ; in this case it could be necessary to divide the interruptservice routineinto a (minor) part in the static page (start and end) and to a second (major) part in one ofthe dynamic pages. If it is impossible to avoid the writing ofthis register in interrupt service routines, an image of this register must be saved in a RAM location, and each time the program writes to the PRPR it must write also

to the image register. The image register must be written before PRPR, so if an interrpt occurs between the two instructions the PRPR is not affected.

Program ROM Page Register (PRPR)

Address: CAh — Write Only

- - - - - - PRPR1 PRPR0

Bits 2-7= Not used. Bit 5-0 = PRPR1-PRPR0:

Program ROM Select.

These two bits select the corresponding page to be addressed in the lower part of the 4K program address space as specified in Table 2.

This register is undefined on Reset. Neither read nor single bit instructions may be used to address this register.

Table 2. 8Kbytes Program ROM Page Register

Coding

PRPR1 PRPR0 PC bit 11 Memory Page

X X 1 Static Page (Page 1)

0 0 0 Page 0 0 1 0 Page 1 (Static Page 1 0 0 Page 2 1 1 0 Page 3

1.3.2.2 Program Memory Protection

The Program Memory in OTP or EPROM devices can be protected againstexternal readoutof memory by selecting the READOUT PROTECTION option in the option byte.

In the EPROM parts, READOUT PROTECTION option can be disactivated only by U.V. erasure that also results into the whole EPROM context erasure.

Note: Once the Readout Protection is activated, it is no longer possible, even for STMicroelectronics, to gain access to the Program memory contents. Returned parts with a protection set can therefore not be accepted.

9/78

ST62T80B/E80B

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d)

1.3.3 Data Space

Data Space accommodates all the data necessary for processing the user program. This space comprises the RAM resource, the processor core and peripheral registers, as well as read-only data such as constants and look-up tables in Program memory.

1.3.3.1 Data ROM

All read-only data is physically stored in program memory, which also accommodates the Program Space. The program memory consequently contains the program code to be executed, as well as the constants and look-up tables required by the application.

The Data Space locations in which the different constants and look-up tables are addressedby the processor core may be thought of as a 64-byte window through which it is possible to access the read-only data stored in Program memory.

1.3.3.2 Data RAM/EEPROM

In ST62T80B and ST62E80B devices, the data space includes 60 bytes of RAM, the accumulator (A), the indirect registers (X), (Y), the short direct registers (V), (W), the I/O port registers, the peripheral data and control registers, the interrupt option register and the Data ROM Window register (DRW register).

Additional RAM and EEPROM pages can also be addressed using banks of 64 bytes located between addresses 00h and 3Fh.

1.3.4 Stack Space

Stack space consists of six 12-bit registers which are used to stack subroutine and interrupt return addresses, as well as the current program counter contents.

Table 3. Additional RAM/EEPROM Banks.

Device RAM EEPROM LCD RAM

ST62T80B/E80B 2 x 64 bytes 2 x 64 bytes 2 x 64 bytes

Table 4. ST62T80B/E80B Data Memory Space

DATA RAM/EEPROM, LCD RAM

DATA ROM WINDOW AREA

X REGISTER 080h Y REGISTER 081h V REGISTER 082h

W REGISTER 083h

DATARAM

PORT A DATAREGISTER 0C0h PORT B DATAREGISTER 0C1h

SPI INTERRUPT DISABLE REGISTER 0C2h

PORT C DATAREGISTER 0C3h PORT A DIRECTION REGISTER 0C4h PORT B DIRECTION REGISTER 0C5h PORT C DIRECTION REGISTER 0C6h

RESERVED 0C7h

INTERRUPTOPTION REGISTER 0C8h*

DATAROM WINDOW REGISTER 0C9h* ROM BANK SELECTREGISTER 0CAh*

DATARAM/EEPROM, LCD BANK SELECT REGISTER 0CBh*

PORT A OPTION REGISTE R 0CCh

RESERVED 0CDh PORT B OPTION REGISTE R 0CEh PORT C OPTION REGISTER 0CFh

A/D DATAREGISTER 0D0h

A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0D1h

TIMER 1 PRESCALER REGISTER 0D2h

TIMER 1 COUNTERREGISTER 0D3h

TIMER 1 STATUS/CONTROLREGISTER 0D4h

RESERVED 0D5h

UARTDATA REGISTER 0D6h

UARTCONTROL REGISTER 0D7h

WATCHDOGREGISTER 0D8h

RESERVED

32kHz OSCILLATORCONTROL REGISTER 0DBh

LCD MODE CONTROL REGISTE R 0DCh

SPI DATAREGISTER 0DDh

RESERVED 0DEh

EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER 0DFh

RESERVED

ARTIMER MODE/CONTROL REGISTER 0E5h ARTIMER STATUS/CONTROL REGISTER 0 0E6h ARTIMER STATUS/CONTROL REGISTER 1 0E7h

RESERVED

ARTIMER RELOAD/CAPTUREREGISTER 0E9h

ARTIMER COMPARE REGISTER 0EAh

ARTIMER LOAD REGISTER 0EBh

RESERVED

ACCUMULATOR OFFh

* WRITE ONLYREGISTER

000h 03Fh 040h 07Fh

084h 0BFh

0D9h

0DAh

0E0h

0E4h

0ECh

0FEh

10/78

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d)

1.3.5 Data Window Register (DWR)

ST62T80B/E80B

Data Window Register (DWR)

TheData read-only memorywindowislocatedfrom address 0040h to address 007Fh in Data space. It allows directreading of 64 consecutive bytes located anywhere in program memory, between address 0000h and 1FFFh (top memory address depends on the specific device). All the program memory can therefore be used to store either instructions or read-only data. Indeed, the window can be moved in steps of 64 bytes along the program memoryby writingtheappropriate code inthe Data Window Register (DWR).

The DWR can beaddressed like anyRAM location in the Data Space, it is however a write-only register and therefore cannotbe accessed using singlebit operations. This register is used to position the 64-byte read-only data window (from address 40h to address 7Fh of the Data space) in program memory in 64-byte steps. The effective address of the byte to be read as data in program memory is obtained by concatenating the 6 least significant bits of the register address given in the instruction (as least significant bits) and the content of the DWR register(as most significant bits), as illustrated in Figure 5 below. For instance, when addressing location 0040h of the Data Space, with 0 loaded in the DWR register, the physical location addressed inprogram memory is 00h. The DWRregister is not cleared on reset, therefore it must be written to prior tothe first access to the Data readonly memory window area.

Address: 0C9h — Write Only

- DWR6 DWR5 DWR4 DWR3 DWR2 DWR1 DWR0

Bits 7 = Not used. Bit 6-0 = DWR6-DWR0:

Window Register Bits.

Data read-only memory

These are the Data readonly memory Window bits that correspond to the upper bits of the data read-only memory space.

Caution:

This register is undefined on reset. Neither read nor single bit instructions may be used to address this register.

Note: Care is required when handling the DWR register as it is write only. For this reason, the DWR contents should not be changed while executing an interrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot saveand then restore the register’s previous contents. If it is impossible to avoid writing to the DWR during the interrupt service routine, an image of the register must be saved in a RAM location, and each time the program writes to the DWR, it must also write to the image register. The image register must be written first so that, if an interrupt occurs between the two instructions, the DWR is not affected.

Figure 5. Data read-only memory Window Memory Addressing

543210

DATA ROM

WINDOW REGISTER

CONTENTS

(DWR)

765432 0

67891011

543210

Example:

DWR=28h

ROM

ADDRESS:A19h

00000000

0000

01001

PROGRAM SPACE ADDRESS

READ

DATA SPACE ADDRESS

40h-7Fh

IN INSTRUCTION

DATA SPACE ADDRESS

59h

VR0A1573

11/78

ST62T80B/E80B

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d)

1.3.6 Data RAM/EEPROM and LCD RAM Bank Register (DRBR)

Address: CBh — Write only

- DRBR6 DRBR5 DRBR4 DRBR3 - DRBR1 DRBR0

Bit 7 = This bit is not used Bit 6 - DRBR6. This bit, when set, selects LCD

RAM Page 2. Bit 5 - DRBR5. This bit, when set, selects LCD

RAM Page 1. Bit 4 - DRBR4. This bit, when set, selects RAM

Page 2. Bit 3 - DRBR3. This bit, when set, selects RAM

Page 1. Bit2. These bits are not used. Bit 1 - DRBR1. This bit, when set, selects

EEPROM Page 1. Bit 0 - DRBR0. This bit, when set, selects

EEPROM Page 0. The selection of the bank is made by programming

the Data RAM Bank Switch register (DRBR register) located at address CBh of the Data Space according to Table 1. No more than one bank should be set at a time.

The DRBR register can be addressed like a RAM Data Space at the address CBh; nevertheless it is a write only register that cannot be accessed with single-bit operations. This register isused to select the desired 64-byte RAM/EEPROM bank of the Data Space. Thenumber of banks has to be loaded in the DRBR register and the instruction has to

point to the selected location as if it was in bank 0 (from 00h address to 3Fh address).

This register is not cleared during the MCU initialization, therefore it must be written before the first access to the Data Space bank region. Refer to the Data Space description for additional information. The DRBR register is not modified when an interrupt or a subroutine occurs.

Notes : Care is required when handling the DRBR register

as it is write only. For this reason, it is not allowed to change the DRBR contents while executing interrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot save and thenrestore its previous content. If it is impossible to avoid the writing of this register in interrupt service routine, an image of this register must be saved in a RAM location, and each time the program writes to DRBR it must write also to the image register. The image register must be written first, so if an interrupt occurs between the two instructions the DRBR is not affected.

In DRBR Register, only 1 bit must be set. Otherwise two or more pages are enabled in parallel, producing errors.

Table 5. Data RAM Bank Register Set-up

DRBR ST62T80B/E80B

00 None 01 EEPROM Page 0 02 EEPROM Page 1

08 RAM Page 1 10h RAM Page 2 20h LCD RAM Page 1 40h LCD RAM Page 2

other Reserved

12/78

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d)

1.3.7 EEPROM Description

EEPROM memory is located in 64-byte pages in data space. This memory maybe used by theuser program for non-volatile data storage.

Data spacefrom 00h to3Fh is paged as described in Table 6. EEPROM locations are accessed directly by addressing these paged sections of data space.

The EEPROM does not require dedicated instructions forreadorwrite access.Onceselectedvia the Data RAM Bank Register, the active EEPROM page is controlled by the EEPROM Control Register (EECTL), which is described below.

Bit E20FFof the EECTL registermust bereset prior to any write or read access to the EEPROM. If no bank hasbeen selected, or if E2OFF is set, any access is meaningless.

Programming must be enabled by setting the E2ENA bit of the EECTL register.

The E2BUSY bitof the EECTL register is setwhen the EEPROM is performing a programming cycle. Any access to the EEPROM when E2BUSY is set is meaningless.

Provided E2OFF and E2BUSY are reset, an EEPROM location is read just like any other data location, also in terms of access time.

Writing to the EEPROM may be carried out in two modes: Byte Mode (BMODE) and Parallel Mode

ST62T80B/E80B

(PMODE). In BMODE, one byte is accessed at a time, while in PMODE up to 8 bytes in the same row are programmed simultaneously (with consequent speed and power consumption advantages, the latter being particularly important in battery powered circuits).

General Notes: Data should be written directly to the intended ad-

dress in EEPROM space. There is nobuffer memory between data RAM and the EEPROM space.

When the EEPROM is busy (E2BUSY = “1”) EECTL cannot be accessed in write mode, it is only possible to read the status of E2BUSY. This implies that as long as the EEPROM is busy, it is not possible to change the status of the EEPROM Control Register. EECTL bits 4 and 5 are reserved and must never be set.

Care is required whendealing withthe EECTL register, as some bits are write only. For this reason, the EECTL contents must not be altered while executing an interrupt service routine.

If it is impossible to avoid writing to this register within an interrupt service routine, an image of the register must be saved in a RAM location, and each time the program writes to EECTL it must also write to the image register.The image register must be written to first so that, if an interrupt occurs between the two instructions, the EECTL will not be affected.

Table 6. Row Arrangement for Parallel Writing of EEPROM Locations

Dataspace addresses. Banks 0 and 1.

Byte 0 1234567 ROW7 38h-3Fh ROW6 30h-37h ROW5 28h-2Fh ROW4 20h-27h ROW3 18h-1Fh ROW2 10h-17h ROW1 08h-0Fh ROW0 00h-07h

Up to 8 bytes in each row may be programmed simultaneously in Parallel Write mode.

The number of available 64-byte banks (1 or 2) is device dependent.

13/78

ST62T80B/E80B

MEMORY MAP (Cont’d) Additional Notes on Parallel Mode:

If the user wishes to perform parallel programming, the first step should be to set the E2PAR2 bit. From this time on, the EEPROM will be addressed in write mode, the ROW address will be latched and it will be possible to change it only at the end of the programming cycle, or by resetting E2PAR2 without programming the EEPROM. After the ROW addressis latched,the MCU can only “see” the selected EEPROM row and any attempt to write or read other rows will produce errors.

The EEPROM should not be read while E2PAR2 is set.

As soon as the E2PAR2 bit is set, the 8 volatile ROW latches are cleared. From this moment on, the user can load data in allor in part ofthe ROW. Setting E2PAR1 will modify the EEPROM registers corresponding to the ROW latches accessed after E2PAR2. For example, if the software sets E2PAR2 and accesses the EEPROM by writing to addresses 18h, 1Ah and 1Bh, and then sets E2PAR1, these three registers will be modified simultaneously; the remaining bytes in the row will be unaffected.

Note that E2PAR2 is internally reset at the end of the programming cycle. This implies that the user must setthe E2PAR2 bit between two parallel programming cycles. Note that if the user tries to set E2PAR1 while E2PAR2 is not set, there will be no programming cycleand the E2PAR1 bit will be unaffected. Consequently, the E2PAR1bit cannot be set if E2ENA is low. The E2PAR1 bit can be setby the user, only if the E2ENA and E2PAR2 bits are also set.

EEPROM Control Register (EECTL)

Address: DFh — Read/Write Reset status: 00h

D7 E2OFF D5 D4 E2PAR1 E2PAR2 E2BUSY E2ENA

Bit 7 = D7: Bit6= E2OFF:

Unused.

Stand-byEnable Bit.

WRITE ONLY. IfthisbitissettheEEPROMisdisabled(anyaccess will bemeaningless) and the power consumption of the EEPROM is reduced to its lowest value.

Bit 5-4 = D5-D4: Bit 3 = E2PAR1:

Reserved.

MUST be kept reset.

Parallel Start Bit.

WRITE ONLY. OnceinParallelMode,as soonastheuser software sets the E2PAR1 bit, parallel writing of the 8 adjacent registers will start. This bit is internally reset at the end of the programming procedure. Note that less than 8 bytescan bewritten if required, the undefined bytes being unaffected by the parallel programmingcycle;thisis explained ingreater detailin the Additional Notes on Parallel Mode overleaf.

Bit 2 = E2PAR2:

Parallel Mode En. Bit.

WRITE ONLY. This bit must be set by the user program in order to perform parallel programming. If E2PAR2 is set and the parallel start bit (E2PAR1) is reset, up to 8 adjacent bytes can be written simultaneously. These 8 adjacent bytes are considered as a row, whose address lines A7, A6, A5, A4, A3 are fixed while A2, A1 and A0 are the changingbits, as illustrated in Table 6. E2PAR2 is automatically reset at the end of any parallel programming procedure. It can be reset by the user software before starting the programming procedure, thus leaving the EEPROM registers unchanged.

Bit 1 = E2BUSY:

EEPROM Busy Bit.

READ ONLY. This bit is automatically set by the EEPROM control logic when the EEPROM is in programming mode. The userprogram should test it before any EEPROM read or write operation; any attempt to access the EEPROM while the busy bit is set will be aborted and the writing procedure in progress will be completed.

Bit 0 = E2ENA:

EEPROM Enable Bit.

WRITE ONLY. This bit enables programming of the EEPROM cells. It must be set before any write to the EEPROM register. Any attempt to write to the EEPROM when E2ENA is low is meaningless and will not trigger a write cycle.

14/78

1.4 PROGRAMMING MODES

ST62T80B/E80B

1.4.1 Option Byte

The Option Byte allows configuration capability to the MCUs. Option byte’s content is automatically read, and the selected options enabled, when the chip reset is activated.

It can only be accessed during the programming mode. This access is made either automatically (copy from a master device) or by selecting the OPTION BYTE PROGRAMMING modeof the programmer.

The option byte is located in a non-user map. No address has to be specified.

EPROM Code Option Byte

PRO-

TECT

NMI

PULL

- WDACT -

Bit 7-5. Reserved. Bit 5= PROTECT. This bit allows the protection of

the software contents against piracy. When the bit PROTECT is set high, readout of the OTP contents is prevented by hardware. No programming equipment is able to gain access to the user program. When this bit is low, the user program can be read.

Bit 4. Reserved. Bit 3 = NMI PULL. . This bit must beset highto en-

able the internal pull-up resistor. When low, no pull-up is provided.

Bit 2. Reserved. Bit 1 = WDACT. This bit controls the watchdog ac-

tivation. When it is high, hardware activation is selected. The software activation is selected when WDACT is low.

Bit 0 = Reserved. The Option byte is written during programming ei-

ther by using the PC menu (PC driven Mode) or

1.4.2 Program Memory

EPROM/OTP programming mode is set by a +12.5V voltage applied to the TEST/VPPpin. The programming flow of the ST62T80B/E80B is described in the User Manual of the EPROM Programming Board.

The MCUs can be programmed with the ST62E8xB EPROM programming tools available from STMicroelectronics.

1.4.3 EEPROM Data Memory

EEPROM data pages are supplied in the virgin state FFh. Partial or total programming of EEPROM data memory can be performed either through the application software, or through anexternal programmer. Any STMicroelectronics tool used for the program memory (OTP/EPROM) can also be used to program the EEPROM data memory.

1.4.4 EPROM Erasing

The EPROM of the windowed package of the MCUs may be erased by exposure to Ultra Violet light. The erasure characteristic of the MCUs is such that erasure begins when the memory is exposed to light with a wave lengths shorter than approximately 4000Å. It should be noted that sunlights and some types of fluorescent lamps have wavelengths in the range 3000-4000Å.

It is thus recommended that the window of the MCUs packages be covered by an opaque label to prevent unintentional erasure problems when testing the application in such an environment.

The recommended erasure procedure of the MCUs EPROM is the exposure to short wave ultraviolet light which have a wave-length 2537A. The integrated dose (i.e. U.V. intensity x exposure time) for erasure should be a minimum of 15Wsec/cm2. The erasure time with this dosage is approximately 15 to 20 minutes using an ultraviolet lamp with 12000µW/cm2power rating. The ST62E80B should be placed within 2.5cm (1Inch) of the lamp tubes during erasure.

automatically (stand-alone mode)

15/78

ST62T80B/E80B

2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The CPU Coreof ST6devicesisindependent ofthe I/O or Memory configuration. As such, it may be thought of as an independent central processor communicating with on-chip I/O, Memory and Peripherals via internal address, data, and control buses. In-core communication is arranged as shown in Figure 6; the controller being externally linked to both the Reset and Oscillator circuits, while thecore is linked to thededicated on-chip peripherals via the serial data bus and indirectly, for interrupt purposes, through the control registers.

2.2 CPU REGISTERS

TheST6FamilyCPUcorefeaturessixregisters and three pairs of flags available to the programmer. These are described in the following paragraphs.

Accumulator (A). The accumulator is an 8-bit general purpose register used in all arithmetic calculations, logical operations, and data manipulations. The accumulator can be addressed in Data space as a RAM location at address FFh. Thus the ST6 can manipulate the accumulator just like any other register in Data space.

Figure 6. ST6 Core Block Diagram

Indirect Registers (X, Y). These two indirect reg-

isters are used as pointers to memory locations in Data space. They are used in the register-indirect addressing mode. These registers can be addressed in the dataspace as RAM locations at addresses 80h (X) and 81h (Y). They can also beaccessed with the direct, short direct, or bit direct addressing modes. Accordingly, the ST6 instruction set can usethe indirect registers as any other register of the data space.

Short Direct Registers (V, W). These two registers are used to save a byte in short direct addressing mode. They can be addressed in Data space as RAM locations at addresses 82h (V)and 83h (W). They can also be accessed using the direct and bit direct addressing modes. Thus, the ST6 instruction set can use the short direct registers as any other register of the data space.

Program Counter (PC). The program counter is a 12-bit register which contains the address of the next ROM location to be processed by the core. This ROM location may be an opcode, an operand, or the address of an operand. The 12-bit length allows the direct addressing of 4096 bytes in Program space.

PROGRAM

ROM/EPROM

RESET

CONTROLLER

OPCODE

Program Counter

and

6 LAYER STACK

FLAG

VALUES

0,01 TO 8MHz

OSCin

CONTROL

SIGNALS

A-DATA

FLAGS

OSCout

ADDRESS/READ LINE

ADDRESS

DECODER

B-DATA

ALU

RESULTS TO DATA SPACE (WRITE LINE)

INTERRUPTS

256

DATA SPACE

DATA

RAM/EEPROM

DATA

ROM/EPROM

DEDICATIONS

ACCUMULATOR

VR01811

16/78

CPU REGISTERS (Cont’d) However, ifthe program space contains more than

4096 bytes, the additional memory in program space can be addressed by using the Program Bank Switch register.

The PC value is incremented after reading the address of the current instruction. Toexecute relative jumps, the PC and the offset are shifted through the ALU, where they are added; the result is then shifted backinto the PC.The programcounter can be changedin the following ways:

- JP (Jump) instructionPC=Jump address

- CALL instructionPC= Call address

- Relative Branch Instruction.PC= PC +/- offset

- Interrupt PC=Interrupt vector

- Reset PC= Reset vector

- RET & RETI instructionsPC= Pop (stack)

- Normal instructionPC=PC + 1

Flags (C, Z). The ST6 CPU includes three pairs of flags (Carry and Zero), each pair being associated with one of the three normal modes of operation: Normal mode, Interrupt mode and Non Maskable Interrupt mode. Each pair consists of a CARRY flag and a ZERO flag. One pair (CN, ZN) is used during Normal operation, another pair is used during Interrupt mode (CI, ZI), and a third pair is used in the Non Maskable Interrupt mode (CNMI, ZNMI).

The ST6 CPU uses the pair of flags associated with the current mode: as soon as an interrupt (or a Non Maskable Interrupt) is generated, the ST6 CPU uses the Interrupt flags (resp. the NMI flags) instead of the Normal flags. When the RETI instruction is executed, the previously used set of flags is restored. It should be noted that each flag set can only be addressed in its own context (Non Maskable Interrupt, Normal Interrupt or Main routine). The flags are not cleared during context switching and thus retain their status.

The Carry flag is set when a carry or a borrow occurs during arithmetic operations; otherwise it is cleared. The Carry flag is also set to the value of the bit tested in a bit test instruction; it also participates in the rotate left instruction.

The Zero flag is set if the result of the last arithmetic or logical operation was equal to zero; otherwise it is cleared.

Switching between the three sets of flags is performed automatically when an NMI, an interrupt or a RETI instructions occurs. As the NMI mode is

ST62T80B/E80B

automatically selected after the reset of the MCU, the ST6 core uses at first the NMI flags.

Stack. The ST6 CPU includes a true LIFO hardware stack which eliminates the need for a stack pointer. The stack consists of six separate 12-bit RAM locations that do not belong to the data space RAM area. When a subroutine call (or interrupt request) occurs, the contents of each level are shifted intothe next higher level, while the content of the PC is shifted into the first level (the original contents of the sixth stack level are lost). When a subroutine or interruptreturn occurs (RET or RETI instructions), the first level register is shifted back into the PC and the value of each level is popped back into the previous level. Since the accumulator, in common with all other data space registers, is not stored in this stack, management of these registers should be performed within the subroutine. The stack will remain in its “deepest” position if morethan 6 nested calls orinterrupts are executed, and consequently the last return address will be lost. It will also remain in its highest position if the stack is emptyand aRET or RETI is executed. In this case the next instruction will be executed.

Figure 7. ST6 CPU Programming Mode

INDEX

INTERRUPTFLAGS

NMI FLAGS

b7 b7

PROGRAMCOUNTER

SIX LEVELS

STACKREGISTER

X REG. POINTER Y REG. POINTER

VREGISTER

W REGISTER

ACCUM ULATOR

b0 b0

b0b11

CZNORMAL FLAGS

SHORT

DIRECT

ADDRESSING

MODE

VA000 4 23

17/78

ST62T80B/E80B

3 CLOCKS, RESET, INTERRUPTS AND POWER SAVING MODES

3.1 CLOCK SYSTEM

3.1.1 Main Oscillator

The MCU featuresa Main Oscillator which can be driven by an external clock, or used in conjunction with an AT-cut parallel resonant crystal or a suitable ceramic resonator.

Figure 8 illustrates various possible oscillator configurations using anexternal crystal or ceramic resonator, an external clock input. CL1an CL2should have acapacitance in the range 12 to 22 pF for an oscillator frequency in the 4-8 MHz range.

The internal MCU clock Frequency (F

) is divid-

INT

ed by 13 to drive the CPU core and by 12 to drive the A/D converter and the watchdog timer, while clock used to drive on-chip peripherals depends on the peripheral as shown in the clock circuit block diagram.

With an 8MHz oscillator frequency, the fastest machine cycle is therefore 1.625µs.

A machine cycle is the smallest unit of time needed to executeany operation (for instance, toincrement the Program Counter). An instruction may require two, four, or five machine cycles for execution.

Figure 9. Clock Circuit Block Diagram

Figure 8. Oscillator Configurations

CRYSTAL/RESONATOR CLOCK

ST6xxx

OSC

L1n

EXTERNAL CLOCK

OSC

ST6xxx

OSC

out

VA0016

VA0015A

OSCin

OSCout

OSC32in

OSC32out

18/78

OSC

MAIN

OSCILLATOR

32kHz

OSCILLATOR

POR

INT

MUX

EOCR bit 5

(START/STOP)

:13

:12

Core

Timer 1 & 2

Watchdog

ADC

LCD CONTROLLER DRIVER

CLOCK SYSTEM (Cont’d)

3.1.2 32 KHz STAND-BY OSCILLATOR

An additional32KHz stand-by on chip oscillatorallows to generate real time interrupts and to supply the clock to the LCD driver with the main oscillator stopped. This enables the MCU to perform real time functions with the LCD display running while keeping advantages of low power consumption. Figure 10 shows the 32KHz oscillator block diagram.

A 32.768KHz quartz crystalmust be connected to the OSC32in and OSC32out pins to perform the real time clock operation. Two external capacitors of 15-22pF each must be connected between the oscillator pinsand ground. The 32KHz oscillator is managed by the dedicated status/control register 32OCR.

As long as the 32KHz stand-by oscillator is enabled, 32KHz internal clock is available to drive LCD controller driver. This clock is divide by 214to generate interrupt request every 500ms . The periodic interrupt request serves as reference timebase for real time functions.

Note: When the 32KHz stand-by oscillator is stopped (bit 5 of the Status/Control register cleared) the divider chain is supplied with a clock signal synchronous with machine cycle (f this produces an interrupt request every 13x2

INT

/13),

clock cycle (i.e. 26.624ms) with an 8MHz quartz crystal.

ST62T80B/E80B

32KHz Oscillator Register (32OCR)

Address: DBh - Read/Write

EOSCI OSCEOC S/S D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7= EOSCI. when set, enables the 32KHz oscillator interrupt request.

Bit 6 = OSCEOC. indicates whenthe 32KHzoscillator has measured a 500ms elapsed time (providing a

32.768KHzquartz crystal is connected to the 32KHz oscillator dedicated pins). An interrupt request can be generated in relation to the state of EOSCI bit. This bit must be cleared by the user program before leaving the interrupt service routine.

Bit 5 = START/STOP.O This bit, when set, enables the 32KHz stand-by oscillator and the free running divider chainis supplied by the 32KHz oscillator signal. When this bit is cleared to zero the divider chain is supplied with f

/13.

INT

This register is cleared during reset. Note: To achieve minimumpower consumption in STOP

mode (no system clock), the stand-by oscillator must be switched off (real time function not available) by clearing the Start/Stop bit in the oscillator status/control register.

Enable Oscillator Interrupt

Oscillator Interrupt Flag

scillator Start/Stop bit

. This bit,

. This bit

Figure 10. 32KHz Oscillator Block Diagram

2x15...22pF

OSC32IN

OSC32KHz MUX

32.768KHz Crystal

OSC32OUT

EOSCI OSCEOC

START

STOP

OSC32KHz

INT

1 0

/13

XXXXX

DIV2

19/78

ST62T80B/E80B

3.2 RESETS

The MCU can be reset in three ways: – by the external Reset input being pulled low; – by Power-on Reset; – by the digital Watchdog peripheral timing out.

3.2.1 RESET Input

The RESET pin may be connected to a device of the application board in order to reset the MCU if required. The RESET pin may be pulled low in RUN, WAIT or STOP mode. This input can be used to reset the MCU internal state and ensure a correct start-up procedure. The pin is active low and features a Schmitt trigger input. The internal Reset signal is generated by adding a delay to the external signal. Therefore even short pulses on the RESET pin are acceptable, provided VDDhas completed its risingphase andthat the oscillator is running correctly (normal RUN or WAIT modes). The MCU is kept in the Reset state as long as the RESET pin is held low.

If RESET activation occurs in the RUN or WAIT modes, processing of the user program is stopped (RUN modeonly), the Inputs and Outputs are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors and the main Oscillator is restarted. When the level on the RESET pin then goes high, the initialization sequence is executed following expiry of the internal delay period.

If RESET pin activation occurs in the STOP mode, the oscillator starts up and all Inputs and Outputs are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors. When the level of the RESET pin then goes high, the initialization sequence is executed following expiry of the internal delay period.

3.2.2 Power-on Reset

The function of the POR circuit consists in waking up the MCU at an appropriate stage during the power-on sequence. At the beginning of this sequence, the MCU is configured in the Reset state: all I/O ports are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors and no instruction is executed. When the power supplyvoltage rises to a sufficient level, the oscillator starts to operate, whereupon an internal delay is initiated, in order to allow the oscillator to fully stabilize before executing the first instruction. The initialization sequence isexecuted immediately following the internal delay.

The internaldelay isgenerated byan on-chipcounter. Theinternal reset lineis released 2048 internal clock cycles after release of the external reset.

Notes:

To ensure correct start-up, the user should take care that the reset signal is not released before the VDDlevel is sufficient to allow MCU operation at the chosen frequency (see Recommended Operating Conditions).

A proper reset signal for a slow rising VDDsupply can generally be provided by an external RC network connected to the RESET pin.

Figure 11. Reset and Interrupt Processing

RESET

NMI MASK SET

INT LATCH CLEARED

( IF PRESENT )

SELECT

NMI MODE FLAGS

PUT FFEH

ON ADDRESS BUS

YES

IS RESET STILL

PRESENT?

LOAD PC

FROM RESET LOCATIONS

FFE/FFF

FETCH INSTRUCTION

VA000427

20/78

RESETS (Cont’d)

3.2.3 Watchdog Reset

The MCU provides a Watchdog timer function in order to ensure graceful recovery from software upsets. If the Watchdog register is not refreshed before an end-of-count condition is reached, the internal reset will be activated. This, amongst other things, resets the watchdog counter.

The MCU restarts just as though the Reset had been generated by the RESET pin, including the built-in stabilisation delay period.

3.2.4 Application Notes

No external resistor is required between VDDand the Reset pin, thanks to the built-in pull-up device.

The POR circuit operates dynamically, in that it triggers MCU initialization on detecting the rising edge of VDD. The typical threshold is in the region of 2 volts, but the actual value of the detected threshold depends on the way in which VDDrises.

The POR circuit is

NOT

designed to supervise

static, or slowly rising or falling VDD.

3.2.5 MCU Initialization Sequence

When a reset occurs the stack is reset, the PC is loaded with the address of the Reset Vector (located in program ROM starting at address 0FFEh). A jump tothe beginning of theuser program must be coded at this address. Following a Reset, the Interrupt flag is automatically set, so that the CPU is in Non Maskable Interrupt mode; this prevents the

ST62T80B/E80B

initialisation routine from being interrupted. The initialisation routine should therefore be terminated by a RETI instruction, in order to revert to normal mode and enable interrupts. Ifno pending interrupt is presentat theend of the initialisation routine, the MCU will continue by processing the instruction immediately following the RETI instruction. If, however, a pending interrupt is present, it will be serviced.

Figure 12. Reset and Interrupt Processing

RESET

JP:2 BYTES/4 CYCLES

RESET

VECTOR

INITIALIZATION

ROUTINE

RETI: 1 BYTE/2 CYCLES

RETI

VA00181

Figure 13. Reset Block Diagram

300kΩ

RESET

2.8kΩ

POWER

WATCHDOG RESET

ON RESET

OSC

RESET

COUNTER

RESET

ST6 INTERNAL RESET

VA0200B

21/78

ST62T80B/E80B

RESETS (Cont’d) Table 7. Register Reset Status

EEPROM Control Register Port Data Registers Port A,B Direction Register Port A,B Option Register Interrupt Option Register

0DFh 0C0h, 0C1h, 0C3h 0C4h to 0C6h 0CCh, 0CEh, OCFh 0C8h

00h

EEPROM enabled

I/O are Input with pull-up

Interrupt disabled

SPI Registers LCD Mode Control Register 32kHz Oscillator Register

UART Control UART Data Register

X, Y,V, W, Register Accumulator Data RAM Data RAM/EEPROM/LCDRAM Page Register Data ROM Window Register EEPROM A/D Result Register

TIMER 1 Status/Control TIMER 1 Counter Register TIMER 1 Prescaler Register

Watchdog Counter Register A/D Control Register

AR TIMER Mode Control Register AR TIMER Status/Control 1 Register AR TIMER Status/Control 2Register AR TIMER Compare Register

0C2h, 0DDh 0DCh 0DBh

080H TO 083H 0FFh 084h to 0BFh 0CBh 0C9h 00h to 03Fh 0D0h

0D4h 0D3h 0D2h

0D8h 0D1h

0E5h 0E6h 0E7h 0EAh

SPI disabled LCD display off Interrupt disabled

00h UART disabled

Undefined As written if programmed

00h FFh 7Fh

FEh

40h

00h

TIMER 1 disabled/Max count loaded

A/D in Standby AR TIMER stopped

AR TIMER Load Register AR TIMER Reload/Capture Register

22/78

0EBh 0E9h

Undefined

As written if programmed

3.3 DIGITAL WATCHDOG

ST62T80B/E80B

The digital Watchdog consists of a reloadable downcounter timer which can be used to provide controlled recovery from software upsets.

The Watchdog circuit generates a Reset when the downcounter reaches zero. User software can prevent this reset by reloading the counter, and should therefore be written so that the counter is regularly reloaded while the user program runs correctly. Inthe event of a software mishap (usually caused by externally generated interference), the userprogram will no longer behave in its usual fashion and the timer register will thus not be reloaded periodically. Consequently the timer will decrement down to 00h and reset the MCU. In order to maximise the effectiveness of the Watchdog function, user software must be written with this concept in mind.

Table 8. Recommended Option Choices

Functions Required Recommended Options

Stop Mode “SOFTWARE WATCHDOG”

Watchdog “HARDWARE WATCHDOG”

Watchdog behaviour is governed by one option, known as “WATCHDOG ACTIVATION” (i.e. HARDWARE or SOFTWARE) (See Table8).

In the SOFTWARE option, the Watchdog is disabled until bit C of the DWDR register has been set. When the Watchdog is disabled, low power Stop mode is available. Once activated, the Watchdog cannot be disabled, except by resetting the MCU.

In the HARDWARE option, the Watchdog is permanently enabled. Sincethe oscillatorwill run continuously, low power mode is not available. The STOP instruction is interpreted as a WAIT instruction, and the Watchdog continues to countdown.

When the MCU exits STOP mode (i.e. when aninterrupt is generated), the Watchdog resumes its activity.

23/78

ST62T80B/E80B

DIGITAL WATCHDOG (Cont’d)

The Watchdog is associated with a Data space register (Digital WatchDog Register, DWDR, location 0D8h) which is described in greater detail in Section 3.3.1 . This register is set to 0FEh on Reset: bit C is cleared to “0”, which disables the Watchdog; the timer downcounter bits, T0 to T5, and the SR bit are all set to “1”, thus selecting the longest Watchdog timer period. This time period can be set to the user’s requirements by setting the appropriate value for bits T0 to T5 in the DWDR register. The SR bit must be set to “1”, since itis this bit which generates the Reset signal when it changes to “0”; clearing this bit would generate an immediate Reset.

It should be noted that the order of the bits in the DWDR register is inverted with respect to the associated bits in the down counter: bit 7 of the DWDR register corresponds, in fact, to T0 and bit 2 to T5. The user should bear in mind the fact that these bits are inverted and shifted with respect to the physicalcounter bits when writing tothis register. The relationship between the DWDR register bits and the physical implementation ofthe Watchdog timer downcounter is illustrated in Figure 14.

Only the 6 most significant bits may be used to define the time period, since it is bit 6 which triggers the Reset when it changes to “0”. This offers the user a choice of 64 timed periods ranging from 3,072 to 196,608 clock cycles (with an oscillator frequency of8MHz, this is equivalent to timer periods ranging from 384µs to 24.576ms).

Figure 14. Watchdog Counter Control

RESET

WATCHDOG CONTROL REGISTER

WATCHDOG COUNTER

÷2

OSC÷12

VR02068A

24/78

DIGITAL WATCHDOG (Cont’d)

3.3.1 Digital Watchdog Register (DWDR)

Address: 0D8h — Read/Write Reset status: 1111 1110b

It should be noted that the register bits are reversed and shifted with respect to the physical counter: bit-7 (T0) is the LSB of the Watchdog downcounter and bit-2 (T5) is the MSB.

These bits are set to “1” on Reset.

ST62T80B/E80B

T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 SR C

Bit 0 = C:

Watchdog Control bit

If the hardware option is selected, this bitis forced high and the user cannot change it (the Watchdog is always active). When the software option is selected, the Watchdog function is activated by setting bit C to 1, and cannot then be disabled (save by resetting the MCU).

When C is kept low the counter can be used as a 7-bit timer.

This bit is cleared to “0” on Reset. Bit 1 = SR:

Software Reset bit

This bit triggers a Resetwhen cleared. When C = “0” (Watchdog disabled) it is the MSB of

the 7-bit timer. This bit is set to “1” on Reset. Bits 2-7 = T5-T0:

Downcounter bits

3.3.2 Application Notes

The Watchdog plays an important supporting role in the high noise immunity of ST62xx devices, and should be used wherever possible. Watchdog related options should be selected on the basis of a trade-off between application security and STOP mode availability.

When STOP mode is not required, hardware activation should be preferred, as it provides maximum security, especially during power-on.

When software activation is selected and the Watchdog is not activated, the downcounter may be used as a simple 7-bit timer (remember that the bits are in reverse order).

The software activation option should be chosen only when the Watchdog counter is to be used as a timer. To ensure the Watchdog has not been unexpectedly activated, the following instructions should be executed within the first 27 instructions:

jrr 0, WD, #+3

25/78

ST62T80B/E80B

DIGITAL WATCHDOG (Cont’d)

These instructions test the C bit and Reset the MCU (i.e. disable the Watchdog) if the bit is set (i.e. if the Watchdog is active), thus disabling the Watchdog.

In all modes, a minimum of 28 instructions are executed after activation, before the Watchdog can generate a Reset. Consequently, user software

Figure 15. Digital Watchdog Block Diagram

RESET

should load the watchdog counter within the first 27 instructions following Watchdog activation (software mode), or within the first 27 instructions executed following a Reset (hardware activation).

It should benoted that when the GEN bit is low(interrupts disabled), the NMI interrupt is active but cannot cause a wake up from STOP/WAIT modes.

RSFF

-2

DB0

DB1.7 SETLOAD

WRITE

RESET

DATA BUS

-2

SET

-12

OSCILLATOR

CLOCK

VA00010

26/78

3.4 INTERRUPTS

ST62T80B/E80B

The CPU can manage four Maskable Interrupt sources, in addition to a Non Maskable Interrupt source (top priority interrupt). Each source is associated with a specific Interrupt Vector which contains aJump instruction to the associated interrupt service routine. These vectors are located in Program space (see Table 9).

When an interrupt source generates an interrupt request, and interrupt processing is enabled, the PC registeris loaded with the address of the interrupt vector (i.e. of the Jump instruction), which then causes a Jump to the relevant interrupt service routine, thus servicing the interrupt.

Interrupt sourcesare linked to events either on external pins, or on chip peripherals. Several events can be ORed on the same interrupt source, and relevant flags are available to determine which event triggered the interrupt.

The Non Maskable Interrupt request has the highest priority and can interrupt any interrupt routine at any time; the other four interrupts cannot interrupt each other. If more than one interrupt request is pending, these are processed by the processor core according to theirpriority level: source #1 has the higher priority while source #4 the lower. The priority of each interrupt source is fixed.

Table 9. Interrupt Vector Map

Interrupt Source Priority Vector Address

Interrupt source #0 1 (FFCh-FFDh) Interrupt source #1 2 (FF6h-FF7h) Interrupt source #2 3 (FF4h-FF5h) Interrupt source #3 4 (FF2h-FF3h) Interrupt source #4 5 (FF0h-FF1h)

3.4.1 Interrupt request

All interrupt sources but the Non Maskable Interrupt source can be disabled by setting accordingly the GEN bit of the Interrupt Option Register (IOR). This GEN bitalso defines if aninterrupt source,including the Non Maskable Interrupt source, can restart the MCU from STOP/WAIT modes.

Interrupt request from the Non Maskable Interrupt source #0 is latched by a flip flop which is automat-

ically resetby the core at the beginning of the nonmaskable interrupt service routine.

Interrupt request from source #1 can be configured either as edge or level sensitive by setting accordingly the LES bit of the Interrupt Option Register (IOR).

Interrupt request from source #2 are always edge sensitive. The edge polarity can be configured by setting accordingly the ESB bit of the Interrupt Option Register (IOR).

Interrupt request from sources #3 & #4 are level sensitive.

In edge sensitive mode, alatch is set when a edge occurs on the interrupt source line and is cleared when the associated interrupt routine is started. So, the occurrence of an interrupt can be stored, until completion of the running interrupt routine before being processed. If several interruptrequests occurs before completion of the running interrupt routine, only the first request is stored.

Storage of interrupt requests is notavailable in level sensitive mode. To be taken into account, the low level must bepresent onthe interrupt pin when the MCU samples the line after instruction execution.

At the end of every instruction, the MCU tests the interrupt lines: if there is an interrupt request the next instruction is not executed and the appropriate interrupt service routine is executed instead.

Table 10. Interrupt Option Register Description

GEN

ESB

LES

OTHERS NOT USED

SET Enable all interrupts CLEARED Disable all interrupts

SET

CLEARED

SET

CLEARED

Rising edge mode on interrupt source #2

Falling edge mode on interrupt source #2

Level-sensitive mode on interrupt source #1

Falling edge mode on interrupt source #1

27/78

ST62T80B/E80B

INTERRUPTS (Cont’d)

3.4.2 Interrupt Procedure

The interrupt procedure is very similarto a callprocedure, indeed the user can consider the interrupt as an asynchronous call procedure. As this is an asynchronous event, the user cannot know the context and the time at which it occurred. As a result, the user should save all Data space registers which may be used within the interrupt routines. There are separate sets of processor flags for normal, interrupt and non-maskable interrupt modes, which are automatically switched and so do not need to be saved.

The following list summarizes the interrupt procedure:

MCU

– The interrupt is detected. – The C and Z flags are replaced by the interrupt

flags (or by the NMI flags).

– The PC contents are stored in the first level of

the stack.

– The normal interrupt lines are inhibited (NMI still

active). – The first internal latch is cleared. – TheassociatedinterruptvectorisloadedinthePC.

WARNING: In some circumstances, when a maskable interrupt occurs while the ST6 core is in NORMAL mode and especially during the execution of an ”ldi IOR, 00h” instruction (disabling all maskable interrupts):if the interrupt arrives during the first 3 cycles of the ”ldi” instruction (which is a 4-cycle instruction) the core will switch to interrupt mode BUT the flags CN and ZN will NOT switch to the interrupt pair CI and ZI.

User

– User selected registers are saved within the in-

terrupt service routine (normally on a software

stack). – Thesource ofthe interrupt is found bypolling the

interrupt flags (if more than one source isassoci-

ated with the same vector). – The interrupt is serviced. – Return from interrupt (RETI)

MCU

– Automatically theMCU switches back to the nor-

mal flag set (or the interrupt flag set) and pops the previous PC value from the stack.

The interrupt routine usually begins by the identifying the device which generated the interrupt request (by polling). The user should save the registers which are usedwithin the interrupt routine in a software stack. After the RETI instruction is executed, the MCU returns to the main routine.

Figure 16. Interrupt Processing Flow Chart

INSTRU CTION

FETCH

INSTRU CTION

EXECUT E

INSTRUCTION

LOAD PC FROM

INTERR UPT VECTOR

(FFC/FFD)

SET

INTERRUPT MASK

PUSH THE

PC INTO THE STACK

SELECT

INTER NALMODE FLAG

VA000014

THE INSTRUCTION

YES

INTERR UPT MASK

PROGRAM FLAGS

THE STACKED PC

WAS

ARETI

CLEAR

SELECT

”POP”

YES

IS THE CORE

ALREADY IN

NORMAL MODE?

CHEC K IF THERE IS

AN INTER RUPT REQUEST

AND INTE RRUPTMASK

YES

28/78

INTERRUPTS (Cont’d)

3.4.3 Interrupt Option Register (IOR)

The Interrupt Option Register (IOR) is used to enable/disable theindividual interrupt sources and to select the operating mode of the external interrupt inputs. This register is write-only and cannot be accessed by single-bit operations.

Address: 0C8h — Write Only Reset status: 00h

- LES ESB GEN - - - -

Bit 5 = ESB:

Edge Selection bit

The bit ESB selects the polarity of the interrupt source #2.

Bit 4= GEN:

Global Enable Interrupt

is set to one, all interrupts are enabled. When this bit is cleared to zero all the interrupts (excluding NMI) are disabled.

When the GEN bit is low, the NMI interrupt is active but cannot causea wake up from STOP/WAIT modes.

This register is cleared on reset.

3.4.4 Interrupt sources

ST62T80B/E80B

. When thisbit

Bit 7, Bits 3-0 = Bit 6 = LES:

Unused

Level/Edge Selection bit

When this bit is set to one, the interrupt source #1

Interrupt sources available on the ST62E80B/T80B are summarized in the Table 11 with associated mask bit to enable/disable the in-

terrupt request. is level sensitive. When cleared to zero the edge sensitive mode for interrupt request is selected.

Table 11. Interrupt Requests and Mask Bits

Peripheral Register

GENERAL IOR C8h GEN TIMER 1 TSCR1 D4h ETI TMZ: TIMER Overflow source 3 A/D CONVERTER ADCR D1h EAI EOC: End of Conversion source 4 SPI SPI C2h ALL End of Transmission source 1 Port PAn ORPA-DRPA C0h-C4h ORPAn-DRPAn PAnpin source 2 Port PBn ORPB-DRPB C1h-C5h ORPBn-DRPBn PBn pin source 2 Port PCn ORPC-DRPC C6h-CFh ORPCn-DRPCn PCn pin source 2 32kHz OSC 32OCR DBh EOSCI OSCEOC source 3

ARTIMER ARMC E5h

UART UARTCR D7h

Address Register

Mask bit Masked Interrupt Source

All Interrupts, excluding NMI All

OVIE CPIE EIE

RXIEN TXIEN

OVF: ARTIMER Overflow CPF: Successful Compare EF: Active edge on ARTIMin

RXRDY:byte received TXMT: byte sent

Interrupt

source

source 3

source 4

29/78

ST62T80B/E80B

INTERRUPTS (Cont’d) Figure 17. Interrupt Block Diagram

NMI

PORT A PORT B

PORT C

Bits

SPI

FROM REGISTER PORT A,B,C

SINGLE BIT ENABLE

PBE

TIMER1

ARTIMER

OSC32kHz

OSCEOC

EOSCI

IOR bit 5 (ESB)

TMZ

ETI

OVF

OVIE

CPF

CPIE

EIE

CLK Q

CLR

MUX

Start

IOR bit 6 (LES)

CLK Q

CLR

INT #0 NMI (FFC,D))

Start

INT #1 (FF6,7)

RESTART

FROM

STOP/WAIT

INT #2 (FF4,5)

Start

INT #3 (FF2,3)

30/78

A/D CONVERTER

RXRDY

RXIEN

TXMT

TXIEN

EAI

EOC

INT #4 (FF0,1)

IOR bit 4(GEN)

3.5 POWER SAVING MODES

ST62T80B/E80B

The WAIT and STOP modes have been implemented in the ST62xx family of MCUs in order to reduce the product’s electrical consumption during idle periods. These two power saving modes are described in the following paragraphs.

3.5.1 WAIT Mode

The MCU goes into WAIT mode as soon as the WAIT instruction is executed. The microcontroller can be considered as being in a “software frozen” state where the core stops processing the program instructions, the RAM contents and peripheral registers are preserved as long as the power supply voltage is higher than the RAM retention voltage. In this mode the peripherals are still active.

WAIT mode can be used when the user wants to reduce the MCU power consumption during idle periods, while not losing track of time or the capability of monitoring external events. The active oscillator is not stopped in order to provide a clock signal to the peripherals. Timer counting may be enabled as well as the Timer interrupt, before entering the WAIT mode: this allows the WAIT mode to be exited when a Timer interrupt occurs. The same applies to other peripherals which use the clock signal.

If the WAIT mode is exited due to a Reset (either by activating the external pin or generated by the Watchdog), theMCU enters a normal reset procedure. If an interrupt is generated during WAIT mode, the MCU’s behaviour depends on the state

of the processor coreprior to the WAIT instruction,

but also on the kind of interrupt request which is

generated. This is described in the following para-

graphs. The processor core does not generate a

delay following the occurrence of the interrupt, be-

cause the oscillator clock is still available and no

stabilisation period is necessary.

3.5.2 STOP Mode

If the Watchdog is disabled, STOP mode is availa-

ble. When in STOP mode, the MCU is placed in

the lowest power consumption mode. In this oper-

ating mode, the microcontroller can be considered

as being “frozen”, no instruction is executed, the

oscillator is stopped, the RAM contents and pe-

ripheral registers are preserved as long as the

power supply voltage is higher than the RAM re-

tention voltage, and the ST62xx core waits for the

occurrence of an external interrupt request or a

Reset to exit the STOP state.

If the STOP state is exited dueto a Reset (by acti-

vating the external pin) the MCU will enter a nor-

mal reset procedure. Behaviour in response to in-

terrupts depends on the state of the processor

core prior to issuing the STOP instruction, and

also on the kind of interrupt request that is gener-

ated.

This case will be described in the following para-

graphs. The processor core generates a delay af-

ter occurrence of the interrupt request, in order to

wait for complete stabilisation of the oscillator, be-

fore executing the first instruction.

31/78

ST62T80B/E80B

POWER SAVING MODE (Cont’d)

3.5.3 Exit from WAIT and STOP Modes

The following paragraphs describe how the MCU exits from WAIT and STOP modes, when an interrupt occurs (not a Reset). It should be noted that the restart sequence depends on theoriginal state of the MCU (normal, interrupt or non-maskable interrupt mode) prior to entering WAIT or STOP mode, as well as on the interrupttype.

Interrupts do not affect the oscillator selection.

3.5.3.1 Normal Mode

If the MCUwas in themain routine when the WAIT or STOP instruction was executed, exit from Stop or Waitmode will occuras soon as an interrupt occurs; the related interrupt routine is executed and, on completion, the instruction which follows the STOP or WAIT instruction is then executed, providing no other interrupts are pending.

3.5.3.2 Non Maskable Interrupt Mode

If the STOP or WAIT instruction has been executed during execution of the non-maskable interrupt routine, theMCU exits from the Stop or Wait mode as soon as an interrupt occurs: the instruction which follows the STOP or WAIT instruction is executed, and the MCU remains in non-maskable interrupt mode, even if another interrupt has been generated.

3.5.3.3 Normal Interrupt Mode

If theMCU was in interrupt mode before the STOP or WAIT instruction was executed, it exits from STOP or WAIT mode as soon as an interrupt occurs. Nevertheless, two cases must be considered:

– If the interrupt is a normal one, the interrupt rou-

tine in which the WAIT or STOP mode was en-

tered will be completed, starting with the execution of the instruction which follows the STOP or the WAIT instruction, and the MCU is still in the interrupt mode. At the end of this routine pendinginterrupts will be serviced in accordance with their priority.

– In the event of a non-maskable interrupt, the

non-maskable interrupt service routine is processed first, then the routine in which the WAIT or STOP mode was entered will be completed by executing the instruction following the STOP or WAIT instruction. The MCU remains in normal interrupt mode.

Notes:

To achieve the lowest power consumption during

RUN or WAIT modes, the user program must take

care of:

– configuringunused I/Os as inputs without pull-up

(these should be externally tied to well defined logic levels);

– placing all peripherals in their power down

modes before entering STOP mode;

When the hardware activated Watchdog is select-

ed, or whenthe software Watchdogis enabled, the

STOP instruction is disabled and a WAIT instruc-

tion will be executed in its place.

If all interrupt sources are disabled (GEN low), the

MCU can only be restarted by a Reset. Although

setting GEN low does not mask the NMI as an in-

terrupt, it will stop it generating a wake-up signal.

The WAIT and STOP instructions are not execut-

ed if an enabled interrupt request is pending.

32/78

4 ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS

4.1 I/O PORTS

ST62T80B/E80B

The MCU features Input/Output lines which may be individually programmed as any of the following input or output configurations:

– Input withoutpull-up or interrupt – Input with pull-up and interrupt – Input with pull-up, but without interrupt – Analog input – Push-pull output – Open drain output The lines are organised as bytewise Ports. Each port is associated with 3 registers in Data

space. Each bit of these registers is associated with a particular line (for instance, bits 0 of Port A Data, Direction and Option registers are associated with the PA0 line of Port A).

The DATA registers (DRx), are used to read the voltage level values of the lines which have been configured as inputs, or to write the logic value of the signal to be output on the lines configured as outputs. Theport data registers can be readto get the effective logic levels of the pins, but they can

Figure 18. I/O Port Block Diagram

CONTROLS

RESET

be also written by user software, in conjunction

with the related option registers, to select the dif-

ferent input mode options.

Single-bit operations on I/O registers are possible

but care is necessary because reading in input

mode is done from I/O pins while writing will direct-

ly affect the Port data register causing an unde-

sired change of the input configuration.

The Data Direction registers (DDRx) allow the

data direction (input or output) of each pin to be

set.

The Option registers (ORx) are used to select the

different port options available both in input and in

output mode.

All I/O registers can be read or written to just as

any other RAM location in Data space, so no extra

RAM cells are needed for port data storage and

manipulation. During MCU initialization, all I/Oreg-

isters are cleared andthe input mode with pull-ups

and no interrupt generation is selected for all the

pins, thus avoiding pin conflicts.

SHIFT

OUT

TO INTERRUPT

TO ADC

DATA

DIRECTION

DATA

OPTION

INPUT/OUTPUT

VA00413

33/78

ST62T80B/E80B

I/O PORTS (Cont’d)

4.1.1 Operating Modes

Each pinmay be individually programmed asinput or output with various configurations.

This is achieved by writing the relevant bit in the Data (DR), Data Direction (DDR) and Option registers (OR). Table 12 illustrates the various port configurations which can be selected by user software.

4.1.1.1 Input Options

Pull-up, High Impedance Option. All input lines can be individually programmed with or withoutan internal pull-up by programming the OR and DR registers accordingly. If the pull-up option is not selected, the input pin will be in the high-impedance state.

Table 12. I/O Port Option Selection

DDR OR DR Mode Option

0 0 0 Input With pull-up, no interrupt 0 0 1 Input No pull-up, no interrupt 0 1 0 Input With pull-up and with interrupt 0 1 1 Input Analog input (when available) 1 0 X Output Open-drain output (20mA sink when available) 1 1 X Output Push-pull output (20mA sink when available)

4.1.1.2 Interrupt Options

All input lines can be individually connected by

software to the interrupt system by programming

the OR and DR registers accordingly. The inter-

rupt trigger modes (falling edge, rising edge and

low level) can be configured by software as de-

scribed in the Interrupt Chapter for each port.

4.1.1.3 Analog Input Options

Some pins can be configured as analog inputs by

programming the OR and DR registers according-

ly. These analog inputs are connected to the on-

chip 8-bit Analog to Digital Converter.

pin should be programmed as an analog input at

any time, since by selecting more than one input

simultaneously their pins will be effectively short-

ed.

ONLY ONE

Note: X = Don’t care

34/78

I/O PORTS (Cont’d)

4.1.2 Safe I/O State Switching Sequence

Switching the I/O ports from one state to another should be done in a sequence which ensures that no unwanted side effects can occur. The recommended safe transitions are illustrated in Figure

19. All other transitions are potentially risky and should be avoided when changing the I/O operating mode, as it is most likely that undesirable sideeffects willbe experienced, such asspurious interrupt generation or two pins shortedtogether by the analog multiplexer.

Single bit instructions (SET, RES, INC and DEC) should be used with great caution on Ports Data registers, since these instructions make an implicit read and write back of the entire register. In port input mode, however, the data registerreads from the input pins directly, and not from the data register latches. Since data register information in input mode is used to set the characteristics of the input pin (interrupt, pull-up, analog input), these may be unintentionally reprogrammed depending on the state ofthe input pins.As ageneral rule, itis better to limit the use of single bit instructions on data registers to when the whole (8-bit) port is in output mode. In the case of inputs or of mixed inputs and

ST62T80B/E80B

outputs, it is advisable to keep a copy of the data

be used on the RAM copy, after which the whole

copy register can be written to the port data regis-

ter:

SET bit, datacopy

LD a, datacopy

LD DRA, a

Warning: Care must also be taken to not use in-

structions that act on a whole port register (INC,

DEC, or read operations) when all 8 bits are not

available on the device. Unavailable bits must be

masked by software (AND instruction).

The WAIT and STOP instructions allow the

ST62xx to be used in situations where low power

consumption is needed. The lowest power con-

sumption is achieved by configuring I/Os in input

mode with well-defined logic levels.

The user must take care not to switch outputs with

heavy loads during the conversion of one of the

analog inputs in order to avoid any disturbance to

the conversion.

Figure 19. Diagram showing Safe I/O State Transitions

Interrupt pull-up

010*

Input pull-up (Reset

000

state) Output

Open Drain

Output Push-pull

100

110

Note *. xxx = DDR, OR, DR Bits respectively

011

001

101

111

Input

Analog

Input

Output

Open Drain

Output

Push-pull

35/78

ST62T80B/E80B

I/O PORTS (Cont’d) Table 13. I/O Port configuration for the ST62T80B/E80B

MODE AVAILABLE ON

PA2-PA7

Input

with pull up

(Reset state)

Input

with pull up

with interrupt

PB0-PB7 PC0-PC7

PA2-PA7 PB0-PB7 PC0-PC7

(1)

SCHEMATIC

Data in

Interrupt

Data in

Interrupt

Data in

Interrupt

Analog Input

Open drain output

5mA

Open drain output

20mA

Push-pull output

5mA

Push-pull output

20mA Sink

Note 1. Provided the correct configuration has been selected.

PB0-PB7 PC4-PC7

PA2-PA7 PB0-PB7 PC0-PC7

PA2-PA7 PC0-PC3

PA2-PA7 PB0-PB7 PC0-PC7

PA2-PA7 PC0-PC3

ADC

Data out

36/78

I/O PORTS (Cont’d)

4.1.3 ARTimer alternate functions

When bit PWMOE of register ARMC is low, pin ARTIMout/PB7 is configured as any standard pin of port B through the port registers. When PWMOE is high, ARTIMout/PB7 is the PWM output, independently of the port registers configuration.

ARTIMin/PB6 is connected to the AR Timer input. It is configured through the port registers as any standard pin of port B. To use ARTIMin/PB6 as AR Timer input, it mustbe configuredas input through DDRB.

4.1.4 SPI alternate functions

PA6/Sin and PA5/Scl pins must be configured as input through the DDR and OR registers to be used as data in and data clock (Slave mode) for the SPI. All input modes are available and I/O’s can be read independently of the SPI at any time.

ST62T80B/E80B

PA7/Sout must be configured in open drain output

mode to be used as data out for the SPI. In output

mode, the value present on the pin is the port data

output, while serialtransmission is possible only in

open drain mode.

4.1.5 UART alternate functions

PB1/RXD1 pin must be configured as input

through the DDR and OR registers to be used as

reception line for the UART. All input modes are

available and PB1 can be read independently of

the UART at any time.

PB0/TXD1 pin must be configured as output

through the DDR and OR registers to be used as

transmission line for the UART. Value present on

the pin in output mode is the Data register content

as long as no transmission is active.

37/78

ST62T80B/E80B

Figure 20. Peripheral Interface Configuration of Serial I/O TImer 1, ARTimer

PID

RXD

PB0/RXD1

PB1/TXD1

PA7/Sout

PA6/Sin

PA5/SCL

UART

IARTOE

PID

MUX

TXD

PP/OD

OPR

MUX

0 1

OUT

SPI

CLOCK

38/78

PA4/TIM1

PB6/ARTIMin

PB7/ARTIMout

PP/OD

MUX

PP/OD

MUX

OPR

TIMER1

OUT

TIMIN

PWMOE

OPR

ARTimer

TIMOUT

VR01661

I/O PORTS (Cont’d)

4.1.6 I/O Port Option Registers ORA/B/C (CCh PA, CEh PB, CFh PC)

Read/Write

4.1.8 I/O Port Data Registers

DRA/B/C (C0h PA, C1h PB, C3h PC)

Read/Write

ST62T80B/E80B

Px7 Px6 Px5 Px4 Px3 Px2 Px1 Px0

Bit 7-0 = Px7 - Px0:

Port A, B, C Option Register

bits.

Px7 Px6 Px5 Px4 Px3 Px2 Px1 Px0

Bit 7-0 = Px7 - Px0:

Port A, B, C Data Registers

bits.

4.1.7 I/O Port Data Direction Registers DDRA/B/C (C4h PA, C5h PB, C6h PC)

Read/Write

Px7 Px6 Px5 Px4 Px3 Px2 Px1 Px0

Bit 7-0 = Px7 - Px0:

Port A, B, C Data Direction

Registers bits.

39/78

ST62T80B/E80B

4.2 TIMER

The MCU features an on-chip Timer peripheral, consisting ofan 8-bit counter witha 7-bit programmable prescaler, giving a maximum count of 215. The peripheral may be configuredin threedifferent operating modes.

Figure 21 shows the Timer Block Diagram. The external TIMER pin is available to the user. The content of the 8-bit counter can be read/written in the Timer/Counterregister, TCR, whilethe state of the 7-bit prescaler can be read in the PSC register. The control logic device is managed in the TSCR register as describedin the following paragraphs.

The 8-bit counter is decremented by the output (rising edge) coming from the 7-bit prescaler and can be loaded and read under program control. When it decrements to zero then the TMZ (Timer Zero) bit in the TSCR is set to “1”. If the ETI (Enable Timer Interrupt) bit in the TSCR is also set to “1”, aninterrupt request is generated as described in the Interrupt Chapter. The Timer interrupt can be used to exit the MCU from WAIT mode.

Figure 21. Timer Block Diagram

6 5

PSC

2 1 0

SELECT 1OF7

The prescaler input can be the internal frequency

divided by 12 or an external clock applied to

INT

the TIMER pin. The prescaler decrements on the

rising edge. Depending on the division factor pro-

grammed by PS2, PS1 and PS0 bits in the TSCR.

The clock input of the timer/counter register is mul-

tiplexed to different sources. For division factor 1,

the clock input of the prescaler is also that of tim-

er/counter; for factor 2, bit 0 of the prescaler regis-

ter is connected to the clock input of TCR. This bit

changes its state at half the frequency of the pres-

caler input clock. For factor 4, bit 1 of the PSC is

connected to theclock input of TCR, and so forth.

The prescaler initialize bit, PSI, in the TSCR regis-

ter must be set to “1” to allow the prescaler (and

hence the counter) to start. If it is cleared to “0”, all

the prescaler bits are set to “1” and the counter is

inhibited from counting. The prescaler can be

loaded with any value between 0 and 7Fh, if bit

PSI is set to “1”. The prescaler tap is selected by

means of the PS2/PS1/PS0 bits in the control reg-

ister.

Figure 22 illustrates the Timer’s working principle.

DATABUS 8

8-BIT

COUNTER

b7 b6

STATUS/CONTROL

ETI TOUT

TMZ

b4 b3 b 2

DOUT PSI PS2 PS1 PS0

b1 b0

TIMER

40/78

OSC

:12

SYNCHRONIZATION

LOGIC

INTERRUPT

LINE

LATCH

VA00009

TIMER (Cont’d)

4.2.1 Timer Operating Modes

There are three operating modes, which are selected by the TOUT and DOUT bits (see TSCR register). These three modes correspond to the two clocks which can be connected to the 7-bit prescaler (f

÷ 12 or TIMER pin signal), and to

INT

the output mode.

4.2.1.1 Gated Mode

(TOUT = “0”, DOUT = “1”) In this mode the prescaler is decremented by the

Timer clock input (f signal on the TIMER pin is held high (allowing

÷ 12), but ONLY when the

INT

pulse width measurement). This mode is selected by clearing the TOUT bit in the TSCR register to “0” (i.e. as input) and setting the DOUT bit to “1”.

4.2.1.2 Event Counter Mode

(TOUT = “0”, DOUT = “0”) In this mode, the TIMER pin is the input clock of

the prescaler which is decremented on the rising edge.

4.2.1.3 Output Mode

(TOUT = “1”, DOUT = data out) The TIMER pin is connected to the DOUT latch,

hence the Timer prescaler is clocked by the prescaler clock input (f

INT

÷ 12).

Figure 22. Timer Working Principle

ST62T80B/E80B

The user can select the desired prescaler division

ratio through the PS2, PS1, PS0 bits. When the

TCR count reaches 0, it sets the TMZ bit in the

TSCR. The TMZ bit can be tested under program

control to perform a timer function whenever it

goes high. The low-to-high TMZ bit transition is

used to latch the DOUT bit of the TSCR and trans-

fer it to the TIMER pin. This operating mode allows

external signal generation on the TIMER pin.

Table 14. Timer Operating Modes

TOUT DOUT Timer Pin Timer Function

0 0 Input Event Counter 0 1 Input Gated Input 1 0 Output Output “0” 1 1 Output Output “1”

4.2.2 Timer Interrupt

When the counter register decrements to zero with

the ETI (Enable Timer Interrupt) bit set to one, an

interrupt request is generated as described in the

Interrupt Chapter. When the counter decrements

to zero, the TMZ bit in the TSCR register is set to

one.

CLOCK

BIT0 BIT1 BIT2

10234

BIT0 BIT1

BIT2

7-BIT PRESCALER

BIT3

8-1 MULTIPLEXER

BIT3 BIT4 BIT5

8-BIT COUNTER

BIT5BIT4

BIT6

BIT7

PS0 PS1 PS2

VA00186

41/78

ST62T80B/E80B

TIMER (Cont’d)

4.2.3 Application Notes

The user can select the presence of an on-chip pull-up on the TIMER pin as option.

TMZ is set when the counter reaches zero; however, it may also be set by writing 00h in the TCR register or by setting bit 7 of the TSCR register. The TMZ bit must be cleared by user software when servicing the timer interrupt to avoid undesired interrupts when leaving the interrupt service routine. After reset, the 8-bit counter register is loaded with0FFh, while the 7-bit prescaler is loaded with 07Fh, and the TSCR register is cleared. This means that the Timer is stopped (PSI=“0”) and the timer interrupt is disabled.

If the Timer is programmed in output mode, the

DOUT bit is transferred to the TIMER pin when

TMZ is set to one (by software or due to counter

decrement). When TMZ is high, the latch is trans-

parent and DOUT iscopied to the timer pin. When

TMZ goes low, DOUT is latched.

A write to the TCR register will predominate over

the 8-bit counter decrement to 00h function, i.e. if a

write and a TCR register decrement to 00h occur

simultaneously, the write will take precedence,

and the TMZ bit is not set until the 8-bit counter

reaches 00h again. The values of the TCR andthe

PSC registers can be read accurately at any time.

42/78

4.3 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER

ST62T80B/E80B

The Auto-Reload Timer (AR Timer) on-chip peripheral consists of an 8-bit timer/counter with compare and capture/reload capabilities and of a 7-bit prescaler with a clock multiplexer, enabling the clock input to be selected as f

INT,fINT/3

or an external clock source. A Mode Control Register, ARMC, two Status Control Registers, ARSC0 and ARSC1, an output pin, ARTIMout, and an input pin, ARTIMin, allow the Auto-Reload Timer to be used in 4 modes:

– Auto-reload (PWMgeneration), – Output compare and reload on external event

(PLL),

– Inputcapture and output compare fortime meas-

urement.

– Input captureand output compare for period

measurement.

The AR Timer can be used to wake the MCU from WAIT mode either with an internal or with an external clock. It also can be used to wake the MCU from STOP mode, if used with an external clock signal connected to the ARTIMin pin. A Load register allows the program to read and write the counter on the fly.

4.3.1 AR Timer Description

The AR COUNTER is an 8-bit up-counter incremented onthe input clock’s rising edge. The counter is loaded from the ReLoad/Capture Register, ARRC, for auto-reload or capture operations, as well as for initialization. Direct access to the AR counter is not possible; however, by reading or writing the ARLR load register, it is possible to read or write the counter’s contents on the fly.

The AR Timer’s input clock can be either the internal clock (from the Oscillator Divider), the internal clock dividedby 3, or the clock signal connected to the ARTIMin pin. Selection between these clock sources is effected by suitably programming bits CC0-CC1 oftheARSC1 register. The output of the AR Multiplexer feeds the 7-bit programmable AR Prescaler, ARPSC, which selects one of the 8 available taps of the prescaler, as defined by PSC0-PSC2 in the AR Mode Control Register. Thus thedivision factor of the prescaler can be set to 2n (where n = 0, 1,..7).

The clock input tothe ARcounter is enabled by the TEN (Timer Enable) bit in the ARMC register. When TEN is reset, the AR counter is stopped and

the prescaler and counter contents are frozen. When TEN is set, the AR counter runs at the rate of the selected clock source. The counter is cleared on system reset.

The AR counter may also be initialized by writing to the ARLR load register, which also causes an immediate copy of the value to be placed in the AR counter, regardless of whether the counter is running or not. Initialization of the counter, by either method, will also clear the ARPSC register, whereupon counting will start from a known value.

4.3.2 Timer Operating Modes

Four different operating modes are available for the AR Timer:

Auto-reload Mode with PWM Generation. This mode allows a Pulse Width Modulated signal to be generated on the ARTIMout pin with minimum Core processing overhead.

The free running 8-bit counter is fed by the prescaler’s output, and is incremented on every rising edge of the clock signal.

When a counter overflow occurs, the counter is automatically reloadedwith thecontents of the Reload/Capture Register, ARCC, and ARTIMout is set. When the counter reaches the value contained in the compare register (ARCP), ARTIMout is reset.

On overflow, the OVF flag of the ARSC0 register is set and an overflow interrupt request is generated if the overflow interrupt enable bit, OVIE, in the Mode Control Register (ARMC), is set. The OVF flag must be reset by the user software.

When the counter reaches the compare value, the CPF flag of the ARSC0 register is set and a compare interrupt request isgenerated, if the Compare Interrupt enable bit, CPIE, in the Mode Control Register (ARMC), isset. The interrupt service routine may then adjust the PWM period by loading a new value into ARCP. TheCPF flag must be reset by user software.

The PWM signal is generated on the ARTIMout pin (refer to the Block Diagram). The frequency of this signal is controlled by the prescaler setting and by the auto-reload value present in the Reload/Capture register, ARRC. The duty cycle of the PWM signal is controlled by the Compare Register, ARCP.

43/78

ST62T80B/E80B

AUTO-RELOAD TIMER (Cont’d) Figure 23. AR Timer Block Diagram

INT

M U X

CC0-CC1

7-Bit

AR PRESCALER

PS0-PS2

DATA BUS

AR COMPARE

COMPARE

8-Bit

AR COUNTER

CPF

OVF

LOAD

DRB7

DDRB7

PB7/

ARTIMout

PWMOE

OVF

OVIE

TCLD

EIE

CPF

CPIE

AR TIMER

INTERRUPT

PB6/

ARTIMin

44/78

SL0-SL1

SYNCHRO

RELOAD/CAPTURE

LOAD

DATA BUS

VR01660A

AUTO-RELOAD TIMER (Cont’d) It should be noted that the reload values will also

affect the value and the resolution of the duty cycle of PWM output signal. To obtain a signal on ARTIMout, the contents of the ARCP register must be greater than the contents of the ARRC register.

The maximum available resolution for the ARTIMout duty cycle is:

Resolution = 1/[255-(ARRC)]

Where ARRCis the content of the Reload/Capture register. The compare value loaded in the Compare Register, ARCP, must be in the range from (ARRC) to 255.

Figure 24. Auto-reload Timer PWM Function

COUNTER

255

COMPARE VALUE

ST62T80B/E80B

The ARTC counter is initialized by writing to the ARRC register and by thensetting the TCLD (Timer Load) and the TEN (Timer Clock Enable) bits in the Mode Control register, ARMC.

Enabling and selection of the clock source is controlled by the CC0, CC1, SL0 and SL1 bits in the Status Control Register, ARSC1. Theprescaler division ratio is selected by the PS0, PS1 and PS2 bits in the ARSC1 register.

In Auto-reload Mode, any of the three available clock sources can be selected: Internal Clock, Internal Clock divided by 3 or the clock signal present on the ARTIMin pin.

RELOAD

PWM OUTPUT

000

VR001852

45/78

ST62T80B/E80B

AUTO-RELOAD TIMER (Cont’d) Capture Mode with PWM Generation.Inthis

mode, the AR counter operates as a free running 8-bit counter fed by the prescaler output. The counter isincremented on every clock rising edge.

An 8-bit capture operation from the counter to the ARRC register is performed on every active edge on the ARTIMin pin, when enabled by Edge Control bits SL0, SL1 in the ARSC1 register. At the same time, the External Flag, EF, in the ARSC0 register is set and an external interrupt request is generated if the External Interrupt Enable bit, EIE, in the ARMC register, is set. The EF flag must be reset by user software.

Each ARTC overflow sets ARTIMout, while a match between the counter and ARCP (Compare Register) resets ARTIMout and sets the compare flag, CPF.A compare interrupt request is generated if the related compare interrupt enable bit, CPIE, is set. A PWM signal is generated on ARTIMout. The CPF flag must be reset by user software.

The frequency of the generated signal is determined by the prescaler setting. The duty cycle is determined by the ARCP register.

Initialization and reading of the counter are identical tothe auto-reload mode (see previous description).

Enabling and selection of clock sources is controlled by the CC0 and CC1 bits in the AR Status Control Register, ARSC1.

The prescaler division ratio is selected by programming the PS0, PS1 and PS2 bits in the ARSC1 Register.

In Capture mode, the allowed clock sources are the internal clock and the internal clock divided by 3; the external ARTIMin input pin should not be used as a clock source.

Capture Mode with Reset of counter and prescaler, and PWM Generation. This mode is identi-

cal to the previous one, with the difference that a capture condition also resets the counter and the prescaler, thus allowing easy measurement of the time between two captures (for input period measurement on the ARTIMin pin).

Load on External Input. Thecounter operates as a free running 8-bit counter fed by the prescaler.

the count is incremented on every clock rising edge.

Each counter overflow sets the ARTIMout pin. A match between the counter and ARCP (Compare Register) resets the ARTIMout pin and sets the compare flag, CPF.A compareinterrupt request is generated if the related compare interrupt enable bit, CPIE, is set. A PWM signal is generated on ARTIMout. The CPF flag must be reset by user software.

Initialization of the counter is as described in the previous paragraph. In addition, ifthe external ARTIMin input is enabled,an active edge on the input pin will copy the contents of the ARRC registerinto the counter, whether the counter is running or not.

Notes: The allowed AR Timer clock sources are the fol-

lowing:

AR Timer Mode Clock Sources

Auto-reload mode f Capture mode f Capture/Reset mode f External Load mode f

INT,fINT/3 INT,fINT/3 INT,fINT/3 INT,fINT/3

, ARTIMin

The clock frequency should not be modified while the counter is counting, since the counter may be set to an unpredictable value. For instance, the multiplexer setting should not be modified while the counter is counting.

Loading of the counter by any means (by auto-reload, through ARLR, ARRC or by the Core) resets the prescaler at the same time.

Care should be taken when both the Capture interrupt and the Overflow interrupt are used. Capture and overflow are asynchronous. If the capture occurs when the Overflow Interrupt Flag, OVF, is high (between counter overflow and the flag being reset by software, in the interrupt routine), the External Interrupt Flag, EF, may be cleared simultaneusly without the interrupt being taken into account.

The solution consists in resetting the OVF flag by writing 06h in the ARSC0 register. Thevalue of EF is not affected by this operation. If an interrupt has occured, it will be processed when the MCU exits from the interrupt routine (the second interrupt is latched).

46/78

AUTO-RELOAD TIMER (Cont’d)

4.3.3 AR Timer Registers AR Mode Control Register (ARMC)

Address: E5h — Read/Write Reset status: 00h

TCLD TEN PWMOE EIE CPIE OV IE ARMC1 ARMC0

The AR Mode Control Register ARMC is used to program the different operating modes of the AR Timer, to enable the clock and to initialize the counter. It can be read and written to by the Core and it is cleared on system reset (the AR Timer is

ARSC0 register is also set, an interrupt request is generated.

Bit 1-0 = ARMC1-ARMC0:

Mode Control Bits 1-0

These are the operating mode control bits. The following bit combinations will select the various operating modes:

ARMC1 ARMC0 Operating Mode

0 0 Auto-reload Mode 0 1 Capture Mode

Capture Mode with Reset of ARTC and ARPSC

Load on External Edge Mode

disabled).

ST62T80B/E80B

Bit 7 = TLCD:

Timer Load Bit.

This bit, when set, will cause the contents of ARRC register to be loaded into the counter and the contents of the prescaler register, ARPSC, are cleared in order to initialize the timer before starting to count. This bit is write-only and any attempt to read it will yield a logical zero.

Bit 6 = TEN

: Timer Clock Enable.

This bit, when set, allows the timer to count. When cleared, it will stop the timer and freeze ARPSC and ARTSC.

Bit 5 = PWMOE:

PWM Output Enable.

This bit, when set, enables the PWM output on the ARTIMout pin. When reset, thePWM outputis disabled.

Bit 4 = EIE:

External Interrupt Enable.

This bit, when set, enables the external interrupt request. When reset, the external interrupt request is masked. If EIE is set and the related flag, EF, in the ARSC0 register is also set, an interrupt request is generated.

Bit 3 = CPIE:

Compare Interrupt Enable.

This bit, when set, enables the compare interrupt request. If CPIE is reset, the compare interrupt request is masked. If CPIE is set and the related flag, CPF, in the ARSC0 register is also set, an interrupt request is generated.

Bit 2 = OVIE:

Overflow Interrupt

. This bit, when set, enablesthe overflow interrupt request. If OVIE is reset, the compare interrupt request is masked. If OVIE is set and the related flag, OVF in the

AR Timer Status/Control Registers ARSC0 & ARSC1. These registers contain the AR Timer sta-

tus information bits and also allow the programming of clock sources, active edge and prescaler multiplexer setting.

ARSC0 register bits 0,1 and 2 contain the interrupt flags of the AR Timer. These bits are read normally. Each one may be reset by software. Writing a one does not affect the bit value.

AR Status Control Register 0 (ARSC0)

Address: E6h — Read/Clear

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 EF CPF OVF

Bits 7-3 = D7-D3: Bit 2= EF:

External Interrupt Flag.

Unused

This bitis set by any active edge on the externalARTIMin input pin. The flag is cleared by writing a zero to the EF bit.

Bit 1 = CPF:

Compare Interrupt Flag.

This bit is set if the contents of the counter and the ARCP register are equal. The flag is cleared by writing a zero to the CPF bit.

Bit 0 = OVF:

Overflow Interrupt Flag.

This bitis set by a transition of the counter from FFh to 00h (overflow). The flag is cleared by writing a zero to the OVF bit.

47/78

ST62T80B/E80B

AUTO-RELOAD TIMER (Cont’d) AR Status Control Register 1(ARSC1)

Address: E7h — Read/Write

PS2 PS1 PS0 D4 SL1 SL0 CC1 CC0

AR Load Register ARLR. TheARLR loadregister is used to read or write the ARTC counter register “on the fly” (while it is counting). The ARLR register is not affected by system reset.

AR Load Register (ARLR)

Address: EBh — Read/Write

Bist 7-5 = PS2-PS0:

Bits 2-0.

These bits determine the Prescaler divi-

Prescaler Division Selection

sion ratio. The prescaler itself is not affected by these bits.Theprescalerdivisionratioislistedinthe following table:

Table 15. Prescaler Division Ratio Selection

PS2 PS1 PS0 ARPSC Division Ratio

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

Bit 4 = D4: Bit 3-2= SL1-SL0:

These bits control theedge function of the Timer

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Reserved

Timer InputEdgeControl Bits 1-

1 2 4

8 16 32 64

128

. Must be kept reset.

inputpinforexternalsynchronization.IfbitSL0isreset, edgedetectionis disabled;ifsetedge detection is enabled.If bit SL1 is reset,theAR Timerinputpin is rising edge sensitive; if set, it is falling edge sensitive.

SL1 SL0 Edge Detection

X 0 Disabled

0 1 Rising Edge 1 1 Falling Edge

Bit 1-0 = CC1-CC0:

Clock Source Select Bit 1-0.

These bits select theclock source for theAR Timer through the AR Multiplexer. The programming of the clocksources isexplainedin thefollowing Table 16:

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7-0 = D7-D0:

Load Register Data Bits.

These

are the load register data bits.

AR Reload/Capture Register. The ARRC reload/capture register is used to hold the auto-reload value which is automatically loaded into the counter when overflow occurs.

AR Reload/Capture (ARRC)

Address: E9h — Read/Write

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7-0 = D7-D0:

Reload/Capture Data Bits

. These

are the Reload/Capture register data bits.

AR Compare Register. The CP compare register is used to hold the compare value for the compare function.

AR Compare Register (ARCP)

Address: EAh — Read/Write

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7-0 = D7-D0:

Compare Data Bits

. These are

the Compare register data bits.

Table 16. Clock Source Selection.

CC1 CC0 Clock Source

00F 01F 1 0 ARTIMin Input Clock 1 1 Reserved

48/78

int

Divided by 3

int

4.4 U. A. R. T. (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)

ST62T80B/E80B

The UART provides the basic hardware for asynchronous serial communication which, combined with anappropriate softwareroutine, gives a serial interface providing communication with common baud rates (up to 38,400 Baud with an 8MHz external oscillator) and flexible character formats.

Operating in Half-Duplex mode only, the UART uses 11-bitcharacters comprising1 start bit, 9data bits and 1 Stop bit. Parity is supported by software only for transmit andfor checking thereceived parity bit(bit 9). Transmitted data is sent directly, while received data is buffered allowing further data characters to be received while the data is being read out of the receive buffer register. Data transmit has priority over data being received.

The UART is supplied with an MCU internal clock thatisalsoavailableinWAITmodeoftheprocessor.

Figure 25. UART Block Diagram

START

DETECTOR

UARTOE

4.4.1 PORTS INTERFACING

RXD reception line and TXD emission line are sharing the same external pins as two I/O lines. Therefore, UART configuration requires to set these two I/O lines through the relevant ports registers. The I/O linecommon with RXD line must be defined as input mode (with or without pull-up) while the I/O line common with TXD line must be defined as output mode (Push-pull or open drain). The transmitted data is inverted and can therefore use a single transistor buffering stage. Defined as input, the RXD line can be read at any time as an I/O line during the UART operation. The TXD pin follows I/O port registers value when UARTOE bit is cleared, which means when no serial transmission is in progress. As a consequence, a permanent high level hasto be written onto the I/O port in order to achieve a proper stop condition on the TXD line when no transmission is active.

RXD1

TO CORE

CONTROL LOGIC

OSC

BAUD RATE x 8

WRITE

READ

RX and TX

INTERRUPTS

DIN DOUT

DATA SHIFT

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

RECEIVEBUFFER

CONTROL REGISTER

BAUD RATE

PROGRAMMABLE

DIVIDER

TXD

MUX

TXD1

VR02009

49/78

ST62T80B/E80B

4.4.2 CLOCK GENERATION

The UART contains a built-in divider of the MCU internal clock for most common Baud Rates as shown in Table 18. Other baud rate values can be calculated from the chosen oscillator frequency divided by the Divisor value shown.

The divided clock provides a frequency that is 8 times the desired baud rate. This allows the Data reception mechanism to provide a 2 to 1 majority voting system to determine the logic state of the asynchronous incoming serial logic bit by taking 3 timed samples within the 8 time states.

The bits not sampled provide a buffer to compensate for frequency offsets between sender and receiver.

4.4.3 DATA TRANSMISSION

Transmission is fixed to a format of one start bit, nine data bits and one stop bit. The start and stop bits are automatically generated bythe UART. The nine databits are under control of the user and are flexible in use. Bits 0..7 are typically used as data bits while bit 9 is typically used as parity, but can also be a 9th data bit or an additional Stop bit. As parity is not generated by the UART, it should be calculated by program and inserted in the appropriate position of the data (i.e as bit 7for 7-bit data, with Bit 9 set to 1 giving two effective stop bits or as the independent bit 9).

The character options are summarised in the following table.

Table 17. Character Options

Start Bit 8 Data 1 Software Parity 1 Stop Start Bit 9 Data No Parity 1 Stop Start Bit 8 Data No Parity 2 Stop Start Bit 7 Data 1 Software Parity 2 Stop

Bit 9 remains in the state programmed for consecutive transmissions until changed by the user or until a character is received when the state of this bit is changed to that of the incoming bit 9. The recommended procedure is thus to setthe value of this bit before transmission is started.

Transmission is started bywriting to the Data Register (the Baud Rateand Bit9 shouldbe set before this action). The UARTOE signal switches the output multiplexer to the UART output and a start bit is sent (a 0 for one bit time) followed by the 8 data values (lsb first) and the value of the Bit9 bit. The output is then set to 1 for a period of one bittime to generate a Stop bit, and then the UARTOE signal returns the TXD1 line to its alternate I/O function. The end of transmission is flagged by setting TXMT to 1 and an interrupt is generated if enabled. The TXMT flag is reset by writing a 0 to the bit position, it is also clearedautomatically when a new character is written to the Data Register. TXMT can be set to 1 by software to generate a software interrupt so care must be taken in manipulating the Control Register.

Figure 26. Data Sampling Points

1 BIT

012 345678

SAMPLES

50/78

VR02010

Figure 27. Character Format

START STOP

BIT

D0 D1 D7 D8

BIT

POSITION

START OF DATA

CHARACTER

BIT

POSSIBLE

START

VR02012

ST62T80B/E80B

4.4.4 DATA RECEPTION

The UART continuously looks for a falling edge on the input pin whenever a transmission is not active. Once an edge is detected it waits 1 bit time (8 states) toaccommodate the Start bit, and then assembles the following serial data stream into the data register. The data in the ninth bit position is copied into Bit 9, replacing any previous value set for transmission. After all 9 bits have been received, the Receiver waits for the duration of one bit (for the Stop bit) and then transfersthe received data into the buffer register, allowing a following character to be received. The interrupt flag RXRDY is set to 1 as the data is transferred to the buffer register and, if enabled, will generate an interrupt.

If a transmission is started during the course of a reception, the transmission takes priority and the reception is stopped to free the resources for the transmission. Thisimplies that a handshaking system must be implemented, as polling of the UART to detect reception is not available.

Figure 28. UART Data Output

UARTOE

4.4.5 INTERRUPT CAPABILITIES

Both reception andtransmission processes can induce interrupt to the core as defined in the interrupt section. These interrupts are enabled by setting TXIEN and RXIENbit in the UARTCR register, and TXMT and RXRDY flags are set accordingly to the interrupt source.

4.4.6 REGISTERS UART Data Register (UARTDR)

Address: D6h, Read/Write

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit7-Bit0.

UART data bits

. A write to this register loads the data into the transmit shift register and triggers the start of transmission. In addition this resets the transmit interrupt flag TXMT. A read of this register returns the data from the Receive buffer.

Warning

. No Read/Write Instructions may be used with this registeras both transmit and receive share the same address

TXD

PORT DATA

OUTPUT

MUX

TXD1

VR02011

Table 18. Baud Rate Selection

BR2 BR2 BR0 f

0 0 0 6.656 1200 600 0 0 1 3.328 2400 1200 0 1 0 1.664 4800 2400 0 1 1 832 9600 4800 1 0 0 416 19200 9600 1 0 1 256 31200 15600 1 1 0 208 38400 19200 1 1 1 Reserved

INT

Division

= 8MHz f

INT

Baud Rate

INT

= 4MHz

51/78

ST62T80B/E80B

REGISTERS (Cont’d) UART Control Register (UARTCR)

Address: D7h, Read/Write

RXRDY TXMT RXIEN TXIEN BR2 BR1 BR0 DAT9

Bit 7 = RXRDY.

Receiver Ready

. This flag becomes active as soon as a complete byte has been received and copied into the receive buffer. It may be cleared by writing a zero to it. Writing a one is possible. If the interrupt enable bit RXIEN is set to one, a software interrupt will be generated.

Bit 6 = TXMT.

Transmitter Empty

. This flag becomes active as soon as a complete byte has been sent.It may be cleared by writing a zero to it. It isautomatically cleared by the action of writing a data value into the UART data register.

Bit 5 = RXIEN.

Receive Interrupt Enable

. When

this bit is set to 1, the receive interrupt is enabled.

Writing to RXIEN does not affect the status of the interrupt flag RXRDY.

Bit 4 = TXIEN.

Transmit Interrupt Enable

this bit is set to 1,the transmit interrupt is enabled. Writing to TXIEN does not affect the status of the interrupt flag TXRDY.

Bit 3-1= BR2..BR0.

Baudrate select

select the operating baud rate of the UART, depending on the frequency of fOSC. Care should be taken not to change these bitsduring communication as writing to these bits has an immediate effect.

Bit 0 = DAT9.

Parity/Data Bit 9

the 9th bit of the data character that is received or transmitted. A write to this bit sets the level for the bit 9 to be transmitted, so it must always be set to the correct level before transmission. If used as parity, the value has first to be calculated by software. Reading this bit will return the 9th bit of the received character.

. When

. These bits

. Thisbit represents

52/78

4.5 A/D CONVERTER (ADC)

ST62T80B/E80B

The A/D converter peripheral is an 8-bit analog to digital converter with analog inputs asalternate I/O functions (the number of which is device dependent), offering 8-bit resolution with a typical conversion time of 70us (at an oscillator clock frequency of 8MHz).

The ADC converts the input voltage by a process of successive approximations, using a clock frequency derived from the oscillator with a division factor of twelve. With an oscillator clock frequency less than 1.2MHz, conversion accuracy is decreased.

Selection of the input pin is done by configuring the related I/O line as an analog input via the Option and Data registers (refer to I/O ports description for additional information). Only one I/O line must beconfigured asan analog input at any time. The user must avoid any situation in which more than one I/O pin is selected as an analog input simultaneously, to avoid device malfunction.

The ADC uses two registers in the data space: the ADC data conversion register, ADR, which stores the conversion result, and the ADC control register, ADCR, used to program the ADC functions.

A conversion is started by writing a “1” to the Start bit (STA) in the ADC control register. This automatically clears (resets to “0”) the End Of Conversion Bit (EOC). When a conversion is complete, the EOC bit is automatically set to “1”, in order to flag that conversion is complete and that the data in the ADC data conversion register is valid. Each conversion has to be separately initiated by writing to the STA bit.

The STA bit is continuously scanned so that, if the user sets it to “1” while a previous conversion is in progress, a new conversion is started before completing the previous one. The start bit (STA) is a write onlybit, any attempt to read it will show a logical “0”.

The A/D converter features a maskable interrupt associated with the end of conversion. This interrupt is associated with interrupt vector #4 and occurs when the EOC bit is set (i.e. when a conversion is completed). The interrupt is masked using the EAI (interrupt mask) bit in the control register.

The power consumption of the device can be reduced by turning off the ADC peripheral. This is done bysetting the PDS bitin theADC controlregister to “0”. If PDS=“1”,the A/D is powered andenabled for conversion. This bit must be set at least one instruction before the beginning of the conver-

sion to allow stabilisation of the A/D converter. This action is also needed before entering WAIT mode, since the A/D comparator is not automatically disabled in WAIT mode.

During Reset, any conversion in progress is stopped, thecontrol register is reset to 40h and the ADC interrupt is masked (EAI=0).

Figure 29. ADC Block Diagram

INTERRUPT

Ain

CONTROL REGISTER

CONTROL SIGNALS

CONVERTER

CORE

RESULT REGISTER

CLOCK RESET AV AV

CORE

SS DD

VA00418

4.5.1 Application Notes

The A/D converter does not feature a sample and hold circuit. The analog voltage to be measured should therefore be stable during the entire conversion cycle. Voltage variation should not exceed ±1/2 LSB for the optimum conversion accuracy. A low pass filter may be used at the analog input pins to reduce input voltage variation during conversion.

When selected as an analogchannel, the input pin is internally connected to a capacitor Cadof typically 12pF. For maximum accuracy, this capacitor must be fully charged at the beginning of conversion. In the worst case, conversion starts one instruction (6.5 µs) after the channel has been selected. In worst case conditions, the impedance, ASI, of the analog voltage source is calculated using the following formula:

6.5µs=9xCadx ASI

(capacitor charged to over 99.9%), i.e. 30 kΩ including a 50% guardband. ASI can be higher if C has been charged for a longer period by adding in-

structions before the start of conversion (adding more than 26 CPU cycles is pointless).

53/78

ST62T80B/E80B

A/D CONVERTER (Cont’d)

Since the ADC is on the same chip as the microprocessor, theuser should not switch heavily loaded output signals during conversion, if high precision is required.Such switching will affect the supply voltages used as analog references.

The accuracy of the conversion depends on the quality of the power supplies (VDDand VSS). The user must take special care to ensure a well regulated reference voltage is present on the VDDand VSSpins (power supply voltage variations must be less than 5V/ms). This implies, in particular, that a suitable decoupling capacitor is used at the V pin.

The converter resolution is given by::

–

DDVSS

---------------------------256

The Input voltage (Ain) which is to be converted must be constant for 1µs before conversion and remain constant during conversion.

Conversion resolution can be improved if the power supply voltage (VDD) to the microcontroller is lowered.

In orderto optimise conversion resolution,the user can configure the microcontroller in WAIT mode, because this mode minimises noise disturbances and power supply variations due to output switching. Nevertheless, the WAIT instruction should be executed as soon as possible after the beginning of the conversion, because execution of the WAIT instruction may cause a small variation of the V voltage. The negative effect of this variation is minimized at the beginning of the conversion whenthe converter is less sensitive, rather than at the end of conversion, when the less significant bits are determined.

The best configuration, from an accuracy standpoint, is WAIT mode with the Timer stopped. Indeed, only the ADC peripheral and the oscillator are then still working. The MCU must bewoken up from WAIT mode by the ADC interrupt at the end of the conversion. It should be noted that waking

up the microcontroller could also be done using the Timer interrupt, but in this case the Timer will be working and the resulting noise could affect conversion accuracy.

A/D Converter Control Register (ADCR)

Address: 0D1h — Read/Write

EAI EOC STA PDS D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7 = EAI:

Enable A/D Interrupt.

If this bit is set to “1” the A/D interrupt is enabled, when EAI=0 the interrupt is disabled.

Bit 6 = EOC:

End of conversion. Read Only

. This read only bit indicates when a conversion has been completed. This bit is automatically reset to “0” when the STA bit is written. If the user is using the interrupt option then this bit can be used as an interrupt pending bit. Data in the data conversion register are valid only when this bit is set to “1”.

Bit 5 = STA

: Start of Conversion. Write Only

. Writing a “1” to this bit will start a conversion on the selected channel and automatically reset to “0” the EOC bit. If the bit is set again when a conversion is in progress, the present conversion is stopped and a new one will take place. This bit iswrite only,any attempt to read it will show a logical zero.

Bit 4 = PDS

: Power Down Selection.

This bit activates the A/D converter if set to “1”. Writing a “0” to this bit will put the ADC in power down mode (idle mode).

Bit 3-0 = D3-D0. Not used

A/D Converter Data Register (ADR)

Address: 0D0h — Read only

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Bit 7-0 = D7-D0

: 8 Bit A/D Conversion Result.

54/78

4.6 SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI)

ST62T80B/E80B

The on-chip SPI is an optimized serial synchronous interface that supports a wide range of industry standard SPI specifications. The on-chip SPI is controlled by small and simple user software to perform serial data exchange. The serial shift clock can be implemented either by software (using the bit-set and bit-reset instructions), with the on-chip Timer 1 by externally connecting the SPI clock pin to the timer pin or by directly applying an external clock to the Scl line.

The peripheral is composed by an 8-bit Data/shift Register and a 4-bit binary counter while the Sin pin is the serial shift input and Sout is the serial shift output. These two lines can be tied together to implement two wires protocols (I C-bus, etc). When data is serialized, the MSB is thefirst bit. Sin has to be programmed as input. For serial output

Figure 30. SPI Block Diagram

CLK

operation Sout has to be programmed as opendrain output.

The SCL, Sin and Sout SPI clock and data signals are connected to 3 I/O lines on the same external pins. With these 3 lines, theSPI can operate in the following operating modes: Software SPI, S -BUS, I C-bus and as a s tandard serial I/O (clock, d ata, enable). An interrupt request can be generated after eight clock pulses. Figure 30 shows the SPI block diagram.

The S CL line cl ocks, on the falling edge, the shift register and the counter. To allow SPI operation in slave mode, the SCL pin must be programmed as input and an external clock must be supplied to this pin to drive the SPI peripheral.

In maste r mode, SCL is programmed as output, a clock sig nal must be generated by software to set and reset the port line.

SPI Inter rupt Disable Regist er

Write

SPI Data Register

Read

SCL

Sin

Sout

I/O Port

MUX

Data Reg Direction

DIN

Data Reg Direction

OPR Reg.

Data Reg Direction

DOUT

RESET

CP DIN

8-Bit Tristate Data I/O

4-Bit Counter

(Q4=High after Clock8)

8-Bit Data

Shift Register

D0..... ......... ..............D7

to Processor Data Bus

Set R es

Q4 Q4

Interrupt

Reset

Load

DOUT

Output

Enable

VR01504

55/78

ST62T80B/E80B

SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (Cont’d)

After 8 clock pulses (D7..D0) the output Q4 of the 4-bit binary counter becomes low, disabling the clock from the counter and the data/shift register. Q4 enables the clock to generate an interrupt on the 8thclock falling edge as long as noreset of the counter (processor write into the 8-bit data/shift register) takes place. After a processor reset the interrupt is disabled. The interrupt is active when writing data in the shift register and desactivated when writing any data in the SPI Interrupt Disable register.

The generation of an interrupt to the Core provides information thatnew data is available (input mode) or that transmission is completed (output mode), allowing the Core to generate an acknowledge on the 9th clockpulse (I C-bus).

The interrupt is initiated by a high to low transition, and therefore interrupt options mustbe set accordingly as defined in the interrupt sect ion.

After power on r eset, or after writing the data/shift register, the counter is reset to zero and the clock is enabled. In t his condition the data shift register is ready for reception. No start condition has to be detected. Through the user software the Core may pull down the Sin line ( Acknowledge) and slow down the SCL, as long as it is needed to carry out data from the shift register.

I C-bus Master-Slave, Receiver-Transmitter

When pins Sin and Sout are externally connected together it i s possible to use the SPI as a receiver as well as a transmitter. Through software routine (by using bit-set and bit -reset on I/O line) a clock can be generated allowing I C-bus to work in master mode.

When implementing an I C-bus protocol, the start condition can be detected by setting the processor into a wait for start condition by enabling the interrupt of the I/O port used for the Sin line.This frees the processor from polling t he Sin and SCL lines. After thetransmission/reception the processor has to poll for the STOP condition.

In slave mode the user software can slow down the SCLclock frequency by simply putting the SCL I/O line in output open-drain mode and writing a zero into the corresponding data register bit.

As it is possible to directly read the Sin pin directly through the port register, the software can detect a difference between internal dataand external data (master mode). Similar conditioncan be applied to the clock.

Three (Four) Wire Serial Bus

It is possible to use a single general purpose I/O pin (with the corresponding interrupt enabled) as a chip enable pin. SCL acts as active or passive clock pin, Sinas data in and Sout as data out (four wire bus). Sin and Sout can be connected together externally to implement three wire bus.

Note: When the SPI is not used, the three I/O lines (Sin,

SCL, Sout) can be used as normal I/O, with the following limitation: bit Sout cannot be used in o pen drain mode as this enables the shift registeroutput to the port.

It is recommended, in order to avoid spurious interrupts from the SPI, to disable the SPI i nterrupt (the def ault state after reset) i.e. no write must be made to the 8-bit shift register.An explicit interrupt disable may be made i n software by a dummy write to the SPI interrupt disable register.

SPI Data/Shift Register

Address: DDh - Read/Write (SDSR)

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

A write into this register enables SPI Interrupt after 8 clock pulses.

SPI Interru pt Disable Register

Address: C2h - Read/Write (SIDR)

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

A dummy write to this register disables SPI In terrupt.

56/78

4.7 LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER

ST62T80B/E80B

On-chip LCD driver includes all features required for LCD driving, including multiplexing of the common plates. Multiplexing allows to increase display capability without increasing the number of segment outputs.In that case, the display capability is equal to the product of the number of common plates with the number of segment outputs.

A dedicated LCD RAM is used to store the pattern to be displayed while control logic generates accordingly all the waveforms sent onto the segment or common outputs. Segments voltage supply is MCU supply independant, and included driving stages allow direct connection to the LCD panel.

The multiplexing ratio (Number of common plates) and the base LCD frame frequency is software configurable to achieve the best trade-off contrast/display capability for each display panel.

The 32Khz clock used for the LCD controller is derivated from theMCU’s internal clock and therefore does not require a dedicated oscillator. The division factor is set by the three bits HF0..HF2 of the LCD Mode Control Register LCDCR as summarized in Table 19 for recommanded oscillator

Figure 31. LCD Block Diagram

3/5

VLCD

1/5 2/5

VLCD VLCD

VLCD

4/5

VLCD

BACKPLANES

quartz values. In case of oscillator failure, all segment andcommon lines are switched to ground to avoid any DC biasing of the LCD elements.

Table 19. Oscillator Selection Bits

MCU

Oscillator

OSC

1.048MHz 0 1 1 32

2.097MHz 1 0 0 64

4.194MHz 1 0 1 128

8.388MHz 1 1 0 256

HF2 HF1 HF0 Division Factor

0 0 0 Clock disabled: Display off

Notes:

1. The usage f defined in this table causethe LCD to operate at a

values different from those

OSC

reference frequency different from32.768KHz, according to division factor of Table 19.

2. It is not recommended to select an internal frequency lower than 32.768KHz as the clock supervisor circuit may switch off the LCD peripheral if lower frequency is detected.

SEGMENTS

OSC 32KHz

(When available)

int

VOLTAGE

DIVIDER

32KHz

CLOCK

SELECTION

COMMON

DRIVER

CONTROLLER

SEGMENT

DRIVER

LCD

RAM

CONTROL

DATA BUS

VR02099A

57/78

ST62T80B/E80B

LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER (Cont”d)

4.7.1 Multiplexing ratio and frame frequency setting

Up to 16 common plates COM1..COM16 can be used for multiplexing ratio of 1/8, 1/11 and 1/16. The selection is made by the bits MUX11 and MUX16 of the LCDCR as shown in the Table 20.

Table 20. Multiplexing ratio

MUX11 MUX16 Display Mode Active backplanes

0 0 1/8 mux.ratio COM1-8 1 0 1/11 mux.ratio COM1-16 0 1 1/16 mux.ratio COM1-16 1 1 - Reserved

If the 1/1 multiplexing ratio is chosen, LCD segments are refreshed with a frame frequency Flcd derived from 32Khz clock with a division ratio defined by the bits LF0..LF2 of the LCDCR.

When ahigher multiplexing ratiois set, refreshment frequency is decreased accordingly (Table 21).

Table 21. LCD Frame Frequency Selection

Base

LF1 LF0

0 1 128 128 93 64 1 0 170 170 124 85 0 0 256 256 186 128 1 1 512 512 372 256 1 1 Reserved

LCD

(Hz)

4.7.2 Segment and common plates driving

LCD panels physical structure requires precise timings and stepped voltage values on common and segment outputs. Timings are managed by the LCD controller, while voltages are generated through an external resistive bridge. In 1/11 and 1/8 multiplexing mode, VLCD 2/5 and VLDCD 3/5 are shorted as seen on Figure 32.

Frame Frequency f

1/8

mux.ratio

1/11

mux.ratio

(Hz)

1/16

mux.ratio

Figure 32. Bias Config for 1/2 Duty

Contrast

VLCD

VLCD 4/5

VLCD 3/5

VLCD 2/5

C1 C1

VLCD 1/5

GND

1/5 bias

(1/16 MUX)

Contrast

VLCD

VLCD 4/5

(1/11, 1/8 MUX)

VLCD 3/5

VLCD 2/5

VLCD 1/5

GND

1/4 bias

R2 to R5 should be 1KΩ to 200KΩ

C1 to C5 should be 0µF to 0.3 µF

Note: For display voltages V tivity of the divider may be too high for some appli-

< 4.5V the resis-

LCD

VR001662

cations (especially using 1/3 or 1/4 duty display mode). In that case an external resistive divider must be used to achieve the desired resistivity.

58/78

LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER (Cont”d) Address Mapping of the Display Segments

The LCD RAM is located in the ST6280B data space in two pages of 64 bytes from addresses 00h to 3Fh. The LCD forms a matrix of 56 segment lines (columns) and 8 backplane lines (rows) or 48 segment lines and 11 or 16 backplane lines according to the chosen operating mode. Each bit of the LCD RAM is mapped to one dot of the LCD matrix, asdescribed in Figure 33.If a bit is set, the corresponding LCD dot isswitched on; if it is reset, the dos is switched off.

If 1/8 duty cycle mode is selected (56 x 8 dot matrix), only RAM page 1 is used for display data storage. In this case page 2 is completely free for common data storage.

Figure 33. Addressing Mapping of the LCD RAM

1/11 MUX (48 x 11 = 528 dots

LCD-RAM Address COM1 bit0 COM2 bit1 COM3 bit2 COM4 bit3 COM5 bit4 COM6 bit5 COM7 bit6 COM8 bit7

00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F Page 1

ST62T80B/E80B

If 1/16 duty cycle mode is selected (48 x 16 dot matrix), RAM page 1 and 2 are used for display data storage. In this case addresses 00 to 07 in both pages are free for common data storage.

If 1/11 duty cycle mode is selected (48 x 11 dot matrix), RAM pages 1 and 2 are used for display data storage. In this case addresses 00 to 07 in both pages and bits 3 to 7 in RAM page 2 are free for common data storage.

In all display modes 16 bytes from address 38h to 3Fh in RAM pages 1 and 2 are free common data storage.

After reset, the LCDRAM is notinitialized and contains arbitrary information. Asthe LCD control register is reset, the LCD is completely switched off.

COM9 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F COM10 bit1 COM11 bit2

COM12 bit3 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F COM13 bit4 COM14 bit5 COM15 bit6 COM16 bit7

12-89-56

16 bytes free for

data storage

S E

16 bytes free for

data storage

Page 2

5bitx48 free data storage

59/78

ST62T80B/E80B

LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER (Cont”d) Addressing Mapping of the LCD RAM (Cont’d)

1/8 MUX (56 x 8 = 448 dots

LCD-RAM Address COM1 bit0 COM2 bit1 COM3 bit2 COM4 bit3 COM5 bit4 COM6 bit5 COM7 bit6 COM8 bit7

LCD RAM Page 2: 64 bytes free for data storage

00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F Page 1

12-89-56

S E

16 bytes free for

data storage

Addressing Mapping of the LCD RAM (Cont’d)

1/16 MUX (48 x 16 = 768 dots

LCD-RAM Address COM1 bit0 COM2 bit1 COM3 bit2 COM4 bit3 COM5 bit4 COM6 bit5 COM7 bit6 COM8 bit7

COM9 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F COM10 bit1 COM11 bit2 COM12 bit3 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F COM13 bit4 COM14 bit5 COM15 bit6 COM16 bit7

00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3E 3F Page 1

12-89-56

16 bytes free for

data storage

S E

16 bytes free for

data storage

Page 2

60/78

LCD CONTROLLER-DRIVER (Cont”d)

4.7.3 Stand by or STOP operation mode

No clock from the main oscillator is available in STOP mode for the LCD controller, and the controller is switched off when the STOP instruction is executed. All segment andcommon lines are then switched to ground to avoid any DC biasing of the LCD elements.

Operation in STOP mode remain possible by switching to the OSC32Khz, by setting the HF0..HF2 bit of LCDCR accordingly (Table 22). Care mustbe taken for the oscillator switching that LCD functionchange is only effective at the end of a frame. Therefore it must be guaranteed that enough clock pulses are delivered before entering into STOP mode. Otherwise the LCD function is switched off at STOP instruction execution.

Table 22. Oscillator Source Selection

HF2 HF1 HF0 Division Factor

0 0 0 Clock disabled: Display off 0 0 1 Auxiliary 32KHz oscillator 0 1 0 Reserved 1 1 1 Reserved

Others Division from MCU f

INT

ST62T80B/E80B

4.7.4 LCD Mode Control Register (LCDCR)

Address: DCh - Read/Write

MUX16 MUX11 HF2 HF1 HF0 - LF1 LF0

Bits 7-6 = MUX16, MUX11.

lect bits

. These bitsselect the number of common

backplanes used by the LCD control. Bits 5-3 = HF0, HF1, HF2.

These bits allow the LCD controller to be supplied with the correct frequency when different high main oscillator frequencies are selected as system clock. Table 19 shows the set-up for different clock crystals.

Bits 2 = Reserved. Bits 1-0 = LF0, LF1.

bits.

These bits control the LCD base operational

Base frame frequency select

frequency of the LCD common lines. LF0, LF1 define the 32KHz division factor as

shown in Table 23.

Table 23. 32KHz Division Factor for Base Frequency Selection

LF1 LF0 32KHz Division Factor

0 0 512 0 1 386 1 0 256 1 1 192 0 0 128

Multiplexing ratio se-

Oscillator select bits

61/78

ST62T80B/E80B

5 SOFTWARE

5.1 ST6 ARCHITECTURE

The ST6 software has been designed to fully use the hardware in the most efficient way possible while keeping byte usage to a minimum; in short, to provide byte efficient programming capability. The ST6 core has the ability to set or clear any register or RAM location bit of the Data space with a single instruction. Furthermore, the program may branch to a selected address depending on the status of any bit of the Data space. The carry bit is stored with the value of the bit when the SET or RES instruction is processed.

5.2 ADDRESSING MODES

The ST6 core offers nine addressing modes, which are described in the following paragraphs. Three different address spaces are available: Program space, Data space, and Stack space. Program space contains the instructions which are to be executed, plus the data for immediate mode instructions. Data space contains the Accumulator, the X,Y,V and W registers, peripheral and Input/Output registers, the RAM locations and Data ROM locations (for storage of tables and constants). Stack space contains six 12-bit RAM cells used tostack the return addresses for subroutines and interrupts.

Immediate. In the immediate addressing mode, the operand of the instruction follows the opcode location. Asthe operand is aROM byte, the immediate addressing mode is used to access constants which donot changeduring program execution (e.g.,a constant used toinitialize a loop counter).

Direct. In the directaddressing mode, the address of the byte which is processed bythe instruction is stored in the location which follows the opcode. Direct addressing allows the user to directly address the 256 bytes in Data Space memorywith a single two-byte instruction.

Short Direct. The core can address the four RAM registers X,Y,V,W (locations 80h, 81h,82h, 83h) in the short-direct addressing mode. In this case, the instruction is only onebyte and the selection of the location to be processed is contained in the opcode. Short direct addressing is a subset of the direct addressing mode. (Note that 80h and 81h are also indirect registers).

Extended. In the extended addressing mode, the 12-bit address needed to define the instruction is obtained by concatenating the four less significant

bits of the opcode with the byte following the opcode. The instructions (JP, CALL) which use the extended addressing mode are able to branch to any address of the 4K bytes Program space.

An extended addressing mode instruction is twobyte long.

Program Counter Relative. Therelative addressing mode is only used in conditional branch instructions. The instruction is used to perform a test and, if the condition is true, a branch with a span of

-15 to +16 locations around the address of the relative instruction. If the condition is not true, the instruction which follows the relative instruction is executed. The relative addressing mode instruction is one-byte long. The opcode is obtained in adding the three most significant bits which characterize the kind of the test, one bit which determines whether the branch is a forward (when it is

0) or backward (when it is 1) branch and the four less significant bits which give the span of the branch (0h to Fh) which must be added or subtracted to the address of the relative instruction to obtain the address of thebranch.

Bit Direct. In the bit direct addressing mode, the bit to be set or cleared is part of the opcode, and the byte following the opcode points to the address of the bytein which the specified bit mustbe set or cleared. Thus, any bit in the 256 locations of Data space memory can be set or cleared.

Bit Test & Branch. The bit test and branch addressing mode is a combination of direct addressing and relative addressing. The bit test and branch instruction is three-byte long. The bit identification and the tested condition are included in the opcode byte. The address of the byte to be tested follows immediately the opcode in the Program space. The third byte is the jump displacement, which is in the range of -127 to +128. This displacement can be determined using a label, which is converted by the assembler.

Indirect. In the indirect addressing mode, the byte processed by the register-indirect instruction is at the address pointed by the content of one ofthe indirect registers, X orY (80h,81h). Theindirect register is selected by the bit 4 of the opcode. A register indirect instruction is one byte long.

Inherent. In the inherent addressing mode, all the information necessary to execute the instruction is contained in the opcode. These instructions are one byte long.

62/78

5.3 INSTRUCTION SET

ST62T80B/E80B

The ST6 core offers a set of 40 basic instructions which, when combined with nine addressing modes, yield 244 usable opcodes. They can be divided into six different types: load/store, arithmetic/logic, conditional branch, control instructions, jump/call, and bit manipulation. The following paragraphs describe the different types.

All the instructions belonging to a given type are

Load & Store. These instructions use one, two or three bytes in relation with the addressing mode. One operand is the Accumulator forLOAD andthe other operand is obtained from data memory using one of the addressing modes.

For Load Immediate one operand can be any of the 256 data space bytes while the other is always immediate data.

presented in individual tables.

Table 24. Load & Store Instructions

Instruction Addressing Mode Bytes Cycles

LD A, X Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD A, Y Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD A, V Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD A, W Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD X, A Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD Y,A Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD V, A Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD W,A Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * LD A, rr Direct 2 4 ∆ * LD rr,A Direct 2 4 ∆ * LD A, (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * LD A, (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * LD (X), A Indirect 1 4 ∆ * LD (Y), A Indirect 1 4 ∆ *

LDI A, #N Immediate 2 4 ∆ *

LDI rr, #N Immediate 3 4 * *

Flags

Notes:

X,Y. Indirect Register Pointers, V & W Short Direct Registers # . Immediate data (stored in ROM memory) rr. Data space register

∆. Affected

* . Not Affected

63/78

ST62T80B/E80B

INSTRUCTION SET (Cont’d) Arithmetic and Logic. These instructions are

used to perform the arithmetic calculations and logic operations. In AND, ADD, CP, SUB instructions oneoperand is always the accumulator while the other can be either a data space memory con-

tent or an immediate value in relation with the addressing mode. In CLR, DEC, INC instructions the operand can be any of the 256 data space addresses. In COM, RLC, SLA the operand is always the accumulator.

Table 25. Arithmetic & Logic Instructions

Instruction Addressing Mode Bytes Cycles

ADD A, (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ ADD A, (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ ADD A, rr Direct 2 4 ∆∆ ADDI A, #N Immediate 2 4 ∆∆ AND A, (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ AND A, (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ AND A, rr Direct 2 4 ∆∆ ANDI A, #N Immediate 2 4 ∆∆ CLR A Short Direct 2 4 ∆∆ CLR r Direct 3 4 * * COM A Inherent 1 4 ∆∆ CP A, (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ CP A, (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ CP A, rr Direct 2 4 ∆∆ CPI A, #N Immediate 2 4 ∆∆ DEC X Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * DEC Y Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * DEC V Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * DEC W Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * DEC A Direct 2 4 ∆ * DEC rr Direct 2 4 ∆ * DEC (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * DEC (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * INC X Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * INC Y Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * INC V Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * INC W Short Direct 1 4 ∆ * INC A Direct 2 4 ∆ * INC rr Direct 2 4 ∆ * INC (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * INC (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆ * RLC A Inherent 1 4 ∆∆ SLA A Inherent 2 4 ∆∆ SUB A, (X) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ SUB A, (Y) Indirect 1 4 ∆∆ SUB A, rr Direct 2 4 ∆∆ SUBI A, #N Immediate 2 4 ∆∆

Notes:

X,Y.Indirect Register Pointers, V & W Short Direct RegistersD. Affected # . Immediate data (stored in ROM memory)* . Not Affected rr. Data space register

Flags

64/78

INSTRUCTION SET (Cont’d)

ST62T80B/E80B

Conditional Branch. The branch instructions

achieve a branch in the program when the selected condition is met.

Bit Manipulation Instructions. These instructions can handle any bit in data space memory. One group either sets or clears. The other group

Control Instructions. The control instructions control the MCU operations during program execution.

Jump and Call. These two instructions are used to perform long (12-bit) jumps or subroutines call

inside the whole program space. (see Conditional Branch) performs the bit test branch operations.

Table 26. Conditional Branch Instructions

Instruction Branch If Bytes Cycles

JRCe C=1 1 2 * * JRNC e C = 0 1 2 * * JRZe Z=1 1 2 * * JRNZ e Z = 0 1 2 * * JRR b,rr, ee Bit = 0 3 5 * ∆ JRS b, rr, ee Bit = 1 3 5 * ∆

Notes:

b. 3-bit address rr. Data space register e. 5 bit signed displacement in the range -15 to +16<F128M> ∆ . Affected. The tested bit is shifted into carry. ee. 8 bit signed displacement in the range -126 to +129 * . Not Affected

Flags

Table 27. Bit Manipulation Instructions

Instruction Addressing Mode Bytes Cycles

SET b,rr Bit Direct 2 4 * * RES b,rr Bit Direct 2 4 * *

Notes:

b. 3-bit address; * . Not<M> Affected rr. Data space register;

Flags

Table 28. Control Instructions

Instruction Addressing Mode Bytes Cycles

NOP Inherent 1 2 * * RET Inherent 1 2 * * RETI Inherent 1 2 ∆∆ STOP (1) Inherent 1 2 * * WAIT Inherent 1 2 * *

Notes:

1. This instruction is deactivated<N>and a WAIT is automatically executed instead of a STOP if the watchdog function is selected. ∆ . Affected *. Not Affected

Flags

Table 29. Jump & Call Instructions

Instruction

CALL abc Extended 2 4 * * JP abc Extended 2 4 * *

Notes:

abc. 12-bit address; * . Not Affected

Addressing Mode Bytes Cycles

Flags

65/78

ST62T80B/E80B

Opcode Map Summary. The following table contains an opcode map for the instructions used by the ST6

LOW

HI HI

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

0000

2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b0,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 INC 2 JRC 4 LDI

e abc e b0,rr,ee e x e a,nn 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 imm 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 CP

e abc e b4,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 CPI

e abc e b4,rr,ee e a,x e a,nn 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 imm 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 ADD

e abc e b2,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 INC 2 JRC 4 ADDI

e abc e b2,rr,ee e y e a,nn 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 imm 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 INC

e abc e b6,rr,ee e # e (x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC

e abc e b6,rr,ee e a,y e # 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b1,rr,ee e # e (x),a 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 RNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 INC 2 JRC

e abc e b1,rr,ee e v e # 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 AND

e abc e b5,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 ANDI

e abc e b5,rr,ee e a,v e a,nn 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 imm 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 SUB

e abc e b3,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 INC 2 JRC 4 SUBI

e abc e b3,rr,ee e w e a,nn 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 imm 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRR 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 DEC

e abc e b7,rr,ee e # e (x) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 CALL 2 JRNC 5 JRS 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC

e abc e b7,rr,ee e a,w e # 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 3 bt 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

LOW

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

Abbreviations for Addressing Modes: Legend:

dir Direct # Indicates Illegal Instructions sd Short Direct e 5 Bit Displacement imm Immediate b 3 Bit Address inh Inherent rr 1byte dataspace address ext Extended nn 1 byte immediate data b.d Bit Direct abc 12 bit address bt Bit Test ee 8 bit Displacement pcr Program Counter Relative ind Indirect

66/78

Cycle Operand

Bytes Addressing Mode

JRC

1 prc

Mnemonic

ST62T80B/E80B

Opcode Map Summary (Continued)

LOW

HI HI

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

1000

2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 4 LDI 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b0,rr e rr,nn e a,(y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 3 imm 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 DEC 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b0,rr e x e a,rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 4 COM 2 JRC 4 CP

e abc e b4,rr e a e a,(y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 CP

e abc e b4,rr e x,a e a,rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 2 RETI 2 JRC 4 ADD

e abc e b2,rr e e a,(y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 inh 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 DEC 2 JRC 4 ADD

e abc e b2,rr e y e a,rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 2 STOP 2 JRC 4 INC

e abc e b6,rr e e (y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 inh 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 INC

e abc e b6,rr e y,a e rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b1,rr e # e (y),a 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 prc 1 ind 2 RNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 DEC 2 JRC 4 LD

e abc e b1,rr e v e rr,a 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 4 RCL 2 JRC 4 AND

e abc e b5,rr e a e a,(y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 inh 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 AND

e abc e b5,rr e v,a e a,rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 2 RET 2 JRC 4 SUB

e abc e b3,rr e e a,(y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 inh 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 DEC 2 JRC 4 SUB

e abc e b3,rr e w e a,rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 RES 2 JRZ 2 WAIT 2 JRC 4 DEC

e abc e b7,rr e e (y) 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 inh 1 prc 1 ind 2 JRNZ 4 JP 2 JRNC 4 SET 2 JRZ 4 LD 2 JRC 4 DEC

e abc e b7,rr e w,a e rr 1 pcr 2 ext 1 pcr 2 b.d 1 pcr 1 sd 1 prc 2 dir

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

LOW

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

Abbreviations for Addressing Modes: Legend:

Cycle Operand

Bytes Addressing Mode

JRC

1 prc

Mnemonic

67/78

ST62T80B/E80B

6 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

This product contains devices to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages, however it is advisable to take normal precaution to avoid application of any voltage higher than the specified maximum rated voltages.

For proper operation it is recommended that V and VObe higher than VSSand lower than VDD. Reliability is enhanced if unused inputs are connected to an appropriate logic voltage level (V or VSS).

Power Considerations.The average chip-junction temperature, Tj, in Celsius can be obtained from:

Tj= TA + PD x RthJA

Where:TA = Ambient Temperature.

RthJA =Pµackage thermal resistance

(junction-to ambient). PD = Pint + Pport. Pint = IDDxVDD(chip internal power). Pport = Port power dissipation (deter-

mined by the user).

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

Tj Junction Temperature 150 °C

STG

Notes:

- Stresses above those listed as ”absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these conditions is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

- (1) Within these limits, clamping diodes are guarantee to be not conductive. Voltages outside these limits are authorised as long as injection current is kept within the specification.

Supply Voltage -0.3 to 7.0 V Input Voltage VSS- 0.3 to VDD+ 0.3 Output Voltage VSS- 0.3 to VDD+ 0.3 Current Drain per Pin Excluding VDD,V TotalCurrent into VDD(source) 50 mA TotalCurrent out of VSS(sink) 50 mA

Storage Temperature -60 to 150 °C

±10 mA

(1) (1)

V V

68/78

6.2 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

ST62T80B/E80B

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

OSC

INJ+

Notes:

1. Care must be taken in case of negative current injection, where adapted impedance must be respected on analog sources to not affect the A/D conversion. For a -1mA injection, a maximum 10 KΩ is recommanded.

2. An oscillator frequency above 1MHz is recommended for reliable A/D results.

Operating Temperature

Operating Supply Voltage

Oscillator Frequency

Pin Injection Current (positive) VDD= 4.5 to 5.5V +5 mA Pin Injection Current (negative) VDD= 4.5 to 5.5V -5 mA

INJ-

6 Suffix Version 1 Suffix Version

=2MHz

OSC

fosc= 8MHz VDD=3V

= 4.5V

Min. Typ. Max.

-40 0

3.0

4.5 0

Value

85 70

6.0

2.0

8.0

Unit

°C

MHz

Figure 34. Maximum Operating FREQUENCY (Fmax) Versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VDD)

Maximum FREQUENCY (MHz)

FUNCTIONALITYIS NOT GUARANTEED IN

THISAREA

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VDD)

The shaded area is outside the recommended operating range; device functionality is not guaranteed under these conditions.

69/78

ST62T80B/E80B

6.3 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

I I

Input Low Level Voltage

All Input pins Input High Level Voltage

All Input pins Hysteresis Voltage

Hys

All Input pins Low Level Output Voltage

All Output pins

Low Level Output Voltage 20 mA Sink I/O pins

High Level Output Voltage

All Output pins Pull-up Resistance

Input Leakage Current All Input pins but RESET

Input Leakage Current

RESET pin Supply Current in RESET

Mode Supply Current in

RUN Mode Supply Current in WAIT

(3)

Mode Supply Current in STOP

(3)

Mode

(2)

(1)

=5V

=3V

VDD= 5.0V; IOL= +10µA V

= 5.0V; IOL= + 5mA

= 5.0V; IOL= +10µA

= 5.0V; IOL= +10mA

= 5.0V; IOL= +20mA

VDD= 5.0V; IOH=-10µA V

= 5.0V; IOH= -5.0mA

All Input pins 40 100 200 RESET pin 150 350 900 VIN=VSS(No Pull-Up configured)

IN=VDD

IN=VSS

VIN=V

RESET=VSS

=8MHz

OSC

VDD=5.0V f

VDD=5.0V f I

=0mA

LOAD

=5.0V

=8MHz 7 mA

INT

=8MHz 2 mA

INT

Value

Min. Typ. Max.

x 0.7 V

0.2

0.1

0.8

0.1

0.8

1.3

4.9

3.5

0.1 1.0

-8 -16 -30 10

7mA

10 µA

Unit

x 0.3 V

ΚΩ

µA

Notes:

(1) Hysteresis voltage between switching levels (2) All peripherals running (3) All peripherals in stand-by

70/78

6.4 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

ST62T80B/E80B

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

REC

Supply Recovery Time

(1)

Min. Typ. Max.

100 ms

Value

Unit

Minimum Pulse Width (VDD= 5V)

WEE

RESET pin NMI pin

EEPROM Write Time

T T

A A

=25°C =85°C

100 100

10 20

Endurance EEPROM WRITE/ERASE Cycle 300,000 1 million cycles

Retention EEPROM Data Retention T

OUT

Notes:

1. Period for which V

Input Capacitance All Inputs Pins 10 pF

Output Capacitance All Outputs Pins 10 pF

has to be connected at 0V to allow internal Reset function at next power-up.

=55°C 10 years

6.5 A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

Min. Typ. Max.

Res Resolution 8 Bit

TOT

TotalAccuracy Conversion Time f

(1) (2)

ZIR Zero Input Reading

FSR Full Scale Reading

Analog Input Current During

Conversion Analog Input Capacitance 2 5 pF

> 1.2MHz

OSC

> 32kHz

OSC

= 8MHz 70 µs

OSC

Conversion result when V

IN=VSS

00 Hex

Conversion result when V

IN=VDD

= 4.5V 1.0 µA

Value

Unit

±2 ±4

LSB

FF Hex

Notes:

1. Noise at AV

2. With oscillator frequencies less than 1MHz, the A/D Converter accuracy is decreased. .

,AVSS<10mV

71/78

ST62T80B/E80B

6.6 TIMER CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

Note*: When available.

6.7 SPI CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

Input Frequency on TIMER Pin* MHz

= 3.0V

Pulse Width at TIMER Pin*

>4.5V

Clock Frequency Applied on Scl 1 MHz

Set-up Time Applied on Sin 50 ns

Hold Time Applied onSin 100 ns

Value

Min. Typ. Max.

INT

----------

125

Value

Min. Typ. Max.

Unit

µs ns

Unit

6.8 LCD ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(TA= -40 to +85°C unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

LCD

Notes:

1. The DC offset refers to all segment and common outputs. It is the difference between the measured voltage value and nominal value for every voltage level.

2. An external resistor network is required when VLCD is lower then 4.5V.

DC Offset Voltage V

COM High Level, Output Voltage

SEG High Level, Output Voltage COM Low Level, Output Voltage

SEG Low Level, Output Voltage

Display Voltage See Note 2 VDD-0.2 10

= Vdd, no load 50 mV

LCD

I=100µA, V

I=50µA, V

I=100µA, V

I=50µA, V

LCD

=5V

Min. Typ. Max.

4.5

Value

0.5

Unit

72/78

7 GENERAL INFORMATION

7.1 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA

Figure 35. 100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Package Short Footprint

ST62T80B/E80B

PQFP100

Figure 36. 100-Pin Ceramic Quad Flat Package Long Footprint

CQFP100W

Dim

A 3.40 0.134 A1 0.25 0.010 A2 2.55 2.80 3.05 0.100 0.110 0.120

B 0.22 0.38 0.009 0.015

C 0.13 0.23 0.005 0.009

D 22.95 23.20 23.45 0.904 0.913 0.923 D1 19.90 20.00 20.10 0.783 0.787 0.791 D3 18.85 0.742

E 16.95 17.20 17.45 0.667 0.677 0.687

E1 13.90 14.00 14.10 0.547 0.551 0.555 E3 12.35 0.486

e 0.65 0.026

K 0° 7°

L 0.65 0.80 0.95 0.026 0.031 0.037

L1 1.60 0.063

N 100 ND 30 NE 20

Dim

A 3.24 0.128 A1 0.20 0.008

B 0.22 0.35 0.38 0.009 0.014 0.015

C 0.13 0.15 0.23 0.005 0.006 0.009

D 23.35 23.90 24.45 0.919 0.941 0.963 D1 19.57 20.00 20.43 0.770 0.787 0.804 D3 18.85 0.742

E 17.35 17.90 18.45 0.683 0.705 0.726

E1 13.61 14.00 14.39 0.536 0.551 0.567 E3 12.35 0.486

e 0.65 0.026

G 13.75 14.00 14.25 0.541 0.551 0.561 G1 19.75 20.00 20.25 0.778 0.787 0.797 G2 1.17 0.046

L 0.35 0.80 0.014 0.031

Ø 8.89

N100

mm inches

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Number of Pins

mm inches

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Number of Pins

73/78

ST62T80B/E80B

GENERAL INFORMATION (Cont’d)

7.2 PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTIC

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions

RthJA Thermal Resistance

PQFP100 70 CQFP100W 70

Min. Typ. Max.

Value

7.3 .ORDERING INFORMATION Table 30. OTP/EPROM VERSION ORDERING INFORMATION

Sales Type

ST62E80BG1 7948 (EPROM) ST62T80BQ6 7948 (OTP) -40 to 85°C PQFP100

Program

Memory (Bytes)

I/O Temperature Range Package

0to70°C CQFP100W

Unit

°C/W

74/78

8-BIT OTP/EPROM MCU WITH LCD DRIVER,

■ 3.0 to 6.0V Supply Operating Range

■ 8 MHz Maximum Clock Frequency

■ -40 to +85°C Operating Temperature Range

■ Run, Wait and Stop Modes

■ 5 Interrupt Vectors

■ Look-up Table capability in Program Memory

■ Data Storage in Program Memory:

User selectable size

■ Data RAM: 192 bytes

■ Data EEPROM: 128 bytes

■ 22 I/O pins, fully programmable as:

– Input with pull-up resistor – Input without pull-up resistor – Input with interrupt generation – Open-drain or push-pull output – Analog Input – LCD segments (8 combiport lines)

■ 4 I/Olines can sink up to 20mA to drive LEDs or

TRIACs directly

■ Two 8-bit Timer/Counter with 7-bit

programmable prescaler

■ Digital Watchdog

■ 8-bit A/D Converter with 12 analog inputs

■ 8-bit Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI)

■ 8-bit AsynchronousPeripheralInterface (UART)

■ LCD driver with 45 segment outputs, 4

backplane outputs and selectable multiplexing ratio.

■ 32kHz oscillator for stand-by LCD operation

■ Power Supply Supervisor (PSS)

■ On-chip Clockoscillator can be driven by Quartz

Crystal or Ceramic resonator

■ One external Non-Maskable Interrupt

■ ST6240-EMU2 Emulation and Development

System (connects to an MS-DOS PC via a parallel port).

ST6280B

EEPROM AND A/D CONVERTER

PQFP100

(See end of Datasheet for Ordering Information)

DEVICE SUMMARY

DEVICE

ST62T80B 7948 22

ROM

(Bytes)

I/O Pins

Rev. 2.5

August 1999 75/78

ST6280B

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The ST6280B is mask programmed ROM version of ST62T80B OTP devices.

They offer the same functionality as OTP devices, selecting as ROM options the options defined in the programmable option byte of the OTP version.

Figure 1. Programming wave form

TEST

14V typ

TEST

0.5s min

150 µstyp

1.2 ROM READOUT PROTECTION

If the ROM READOUT PROTECTION option is selected, a protection fuse can be blown to prevent any access to the program memory content.

In case the user wants to blow this fuse, high voltage must be applied on the TEST pin.

Figure 2. Programming Circuit

47mF

100nF

PROTECT

100mA

max

4mA typ

VR02001

TEST

100nF

Note: ZPD15 is used for overvoltage protection

ZPD15 15V

14V

VR02003

76/78

ST6280B MICROCONTROLLER OPTION LIST

Customer Address

Contact Phone No Reference

STMicroelectronics references

Device: [ ] ST6280B Package: [ ] Plastic Quad Flat Package (Tape & Reel) Temperature Range: [ ] 0°Cto+70°C[ ] - 40°Cto+85°C Special Marking: [ ] No [ ] Yes ”_ _ _ _ _ _ _____” Authorized characters are letters, digits, ’.’,’-’, ’/’and spaces only. Maximum character count: PQFP100: 10

ST6280B

Watchdog Selection: [ ] Software Activation

[ ] Hardware Activation

NMI Pull-Up Selection: [ ] Yes [ ] No

ROM Readout Protection:[ ] Standard (Fuse cannot be blown)

[ ] Enabled (Fuse can be blown by the customer) Note: No part is delivered with protected ROM.

The fuse must be blown for protection to be effective.

Comments : Number of segments and backplanes used: Supply Operating Range in the application: Oscillator Fequency in the application:

Notes . . . . . . . . . . . .......

Signature Date

77/78

ST6280B

1.3 ORDERING INFORMATION

The following section deals with the procedure for transfer of customer codes to STMicroelectronics.

1.3.1 Transfer of Customer Code

Customer code is made up of the ROM contents and the list of the selected mask options. The ROM contents are to be sent on diskette, or by electronic means, with the hexadecimalfile generated by the development tool. All unused bytes must be set to FFh.

The selected mask options are communicated to STMicroelectronics using the correctly filled OPTION LIST appended.

1.3.2 Listing Generation and Verification

When STMicroelectronics receives the user’s ROM contents, a computer listing is generated from it. This listing refers exactly tothe mask which will be used to produce the specified MCU. The listing is then returned to the customer who must thoroughly check, complete, sign and return it to STMicroelectronics. The signed listing forms a

Table 2. ROM version Ordering Information

Sales Type ROM I/O Temperature Range Package

ST6280BQ1/XXX ST6280BQ6/XXX

7948 22

part of the contractual agreement for the creation of the specific customer mask.

The STMicroelectronics Sales Organization will be pleased to provide detailed information on contractual points.

Table 1. ROM Memory Map for ST6280B

ROM Page Device Address Description

Page 0

Page 1 “STATIC”

Page 2

Page 3

-40 to 85°C

0000h-007Fh 0080h-07FFh

0800h-0F9Fh 0FA0h-0FEFh 0FF0h-0FF7h

0FF8h-0FFBh

0FFCh-0FFDh

0FFEh-0FFFh

0000h-000Fh 0010h-07FFh

0 to +70°C

Reserved

User ROM User ROM

Reserved

Interrupt Vectors

Reserved

NMI Vector

Reset Vector

Reserved

User ROM

Reserved

User ROM

PQFP100

Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of useof such information nor for any infringement ofpatents or other rights of third parties which may result from itsuse. No license isgranted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as criticalcomponents in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of STMicroelectronics.

The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics

Purchase of I

Australia - Brazil - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong -India - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain

78/78

C Components by STMicroelectronics conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent. Rights to use these components in an

C system is granted provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.

STMicroelectronics Group of Companies

Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - U.S.A.

http://www.st.com

Datasheet ST62T80BQ6, ST62E80BG1, ST6280BQ6, ST6280BQ1, ST6280B Datasheet (SGS Thomson Microelectronics)

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual