Datasheet ST3S01LED Datasheet (SGS Thomson Microelectronics)

■ DEDICATED I.C. FOR 1 LI-ION CELL OR 3

NI-MH CELLS

■ 5 DIFFERENT OPERATING MODES

■ 150 mA PRECHARGE CURRENT

■ VERY LOW DRO P CHARGE SWITCH

(130mV @ 800mA)

■ VERY LOW DROP REVERSE SWITCH

(130mV @ 800mA)

■ 5.7V OVER BATTERY OVER VOLTAGE

PROTECTION

■ CHARGER DETECTION MODE

■ (V

CHARGE-VBATT

)DETECTIONMODE

DESCRIPTION

This specification describes a dedicated I.C.
which allows to charge 1 Lilon cell or 3 Nimh cells.
The principle used to charge the batteries is the
pulsed current, the monitoring is operated by the
micro-contoller of the application. This I C
integrates one Power Switch and achieves the

ST3S01LED

BATTERY CHARGE I.C.

SO-8

exposed pad

charge bat teries in two different modes charg e or
precharge.
One of this operating m ode (charge or precharge)
can be sel ec ted in a static or pulsed way by one I/
O from a micro-controller. The I C can supply
power to accessories controlled by this I.C. in
Reverse mode. The I.C. is available in the smaller
and surface mounted S O-8 (exposed pad version)
package.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

1/17March 2003

ST3S01LED

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

V

BATT

V

CHARGE

V

FLAG

V

CHARGER-OK

V

CMD-PWM

V

CMD-MODE

V

CMD-REVERSE

I

SWITCH

T

stg

T

J

T

AMB

Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Functional operation under these condition is
not implied.
(*) The I.C. is automatically turned OFF when V
falling edge)

Battery Voltage
Charge Voltage (*)
(V

CHARGE-VBATT

) Flag Control Voltage
Charger Flag Control Voltage
PWM Command Voltage
CMD Command Voltage
Reverse Command Voltage
Internal Switch

Continuous Max Current
Internal Switch Peak

Current

T

= 85°C, R

AMB

= 30°C, R

T

AMB

thj-amb
thj-amb

= 40°C/W
= 40°C/W

T<1ms Duty Cycle < 1%

thj-amb

= 40°C/W

R

Storage Temperature Range
Operating Junction Temperature Range
Operating Ambient Temperature Range (if an adeguate

heatsink is provided)

reaches typically 14V (V

CHARGE

CHARGE

-0.3 to 6 V

-12 to 16 V

-0.3 to 12 V

-0.3 to 12 V

-0.3 to 5 V

-0.3 to 5 V

-0.3 to 5 V
2A
3A
8A

-55 to +125 °C

-40 to +125 °C

-40 to +85 °C

rising edge); typical hysteresis is 700mV (V

CHARGE

THERMAL DATA

Symbol Parameter SO-8 Unit

R

thj-case

Thermal Resistance Junction-case

10 °C/W

ORDERING CODES

TYPE SO-8 exposed pad SO-8 exposed pad (T&R)

ST3S01LED ST3S01LED ST3S01LED-TR

CONNECTION DIAGRAM (top view)

2/17

PIN DESCRIPTION

Pin N° Symbol Name and Function

1V

BATT

2 CMD-REVERSE Reverse Command pin: Enables the reverse mode when connected to a positive

3 CMD-PWM PWM Command pin: allows to control the precharge or charge switch in PWM

4 CMD-MODE Mode Command pin: allows to switch between precharge and charge mode (refer

5 GND GND Pin
6 CHARGER-OK CHARGER-OK output pin; open drain N-channel MOSFET that is in high

7 FLAG FLAG pin (V

8V

CHARGE

BATTERY pin: input pin when reverse mode is selected; output pin when in
charge or precharge mode

voltage higher than 1.2V. Logic pin internally pulled down.

mode (refer to the Table 1 for the different operating modes). Logic pin internally
pulled down.

to OPERATING MODES Table). Logic pin internally pulled down.

impedance when the V

CHARGE

voltage drops below 2.5V and CMD-REVERSE is

low. When the reverse function is activated, this open drain have the same
information of the (V

when the V

CHARGE-VBATT

CHARGE

CHARGE-VBATT

): open drain N-channel MOSFET that sinks current

voltage is higher than the V

) FLAG.

CHARGER SUPPLY pin: input pin when charge or precharge mode is selected;
output pin when in reverse mode.

BATT

ST3S01LED

.

OPERATING MODE

CMD-PWM CMD-MODE Operating Function Selected

0 0 PRECHARGE MODE (Default state)
0 1 CHARGE MODE
1 0 CHARGE and PRECHARGE switches are open
1 1 CHARGE and PRECHARGE switches are open

3/17

ST3S01LED

I.C. BLOCK DIAGRAM

POSSIBLE OPERATING MODES

Five different operating m odes are allowed:
charge, precharge, reverse, charge+reverse and
precharge+reverse. These op erating modes can
be achieved by properly selection of the
CMD-REVERSE C MD-PWM and CMD-MODE
(See POSSIBLE OPERATING MODE Table).

PRECHARGE MODE

The PRE CHARGE function is compos ed by a
switch and a 100mA current source which fully
works for V

CHARGE

higher than 2.5V. When the
CMD-MODE and the CMD-PWM are not leaded
the switc h is ON, being the i nput states held by an
internal pull down resistor. This is used when the

4/17

battery is strongly discharged. In this case V

BATT

can be null (battery empty) and all the i nput pins
are not held by any level (because the
micro-controller is down), except the V

CHARGE

pin
which is a main supply. The source of current
supplies a const ant current into the battery till its
voltage level reaches the required level allowing to
start the micro-controller (typically 3V ). The
current direction is from V

CHARGE

to V

BATT

.The
reverse leakage current when the swich is ON
must be null; this is obtained thanks t o an internal
circuitry that switch OFF the internal P-MOS when
the V

is higher than V

BATT

CHARGE

,whateverthe
status of the CMD -MO D E. The precharge function
is also used to adjust the mean current. When the

ST3S01LED

battery is fully charged the current into the battery
has not to be more than C/25 (Nimh battery). In
order to perform finely this, the CMD-PWM pin
must be d riven with PWM funct ion (in the same
time, the CMD-MODE must be kept low). T he duty
cycle allows to adjust the mean current needed.

CHARGE MODE

TheCMD-MODEpin,whenhigh(andCMD-PWM
low), handles t he switch in charge mode. This
switch allows the battery charge with a strong
current. The drop of this internal P -Channel MOS
is very low (200mV @ 800mA ) in order to optimize
the efficiency of the charge.

The switch is not internally protected against short
circuit or overcurrent condition.

When the s witch is ON (CMD-MODE high and
CMD-PWM low), the current direction into the chip
is from V

CHARGE

to V

. The reverse current

BATT

when the switch is ON m us t be null; t his is
obtained by mean of an internal circu itry that
switch OFF the internal P - MOS when the V
higher than V

CHARGE

, whatever the status of the

BATT

is

CMD-MODE. When the CMD-MODE pin is lo w or
in high impedance t he switch is OFF, while it is ON
when the signal on that pi n is high.

REVERSE MODE

When the reverse function i s selected by
CDM-REVERSE pin, the switch allows to supply
the accessories with a strong current. The drop of
the internal P-Channel MOS is very low (200mV
@ 800mA)and theswitchproperlywork for V

BATT

higher than 2.5V. This allows to supply energy on
the V

CHARGE

pin. When the switch is ON
(CMD-REVERSE high ) the current direction into
thechipisfromV
The reverse current (from V

BATT

to V

CHARGE

CHARGE

.

to V

BATT

when the switch is ON m us t be null; t his is
obtained by mean of an internal circu itry that
switch OFF the internal P-MOS when the
V

CHARGE

is higher than V

, whatever the

BATT

status of the CMD-REVERSE. When the level of
CMD-REVERSE pin is low or in high impedance,
the switch is OFF, while it is ON when the signal
on CMD-REVERSE pin is high.

OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION

This function allows to held the switches OFF
when the voltage level on V

is higher than a

BATT

maximum voltage whatever are the values of
CMD-PWM, CMD-MODE and CMD-REVERSE.
This maximum volt age is shown in the electrical
characteristic (typical threshold 5.7V). From the
moment in which the o.v.protection is activated, it

will be possible to turm ON again the switch only
when th e V

CHARGE

value decreases down to 2.5V
typically, it doesn't matter which operation mode is
selected. The protection works only when the
battery is in charge or precharge mode, i.e.
V

CHARGE>VBATT

.
This represent s, in fact, the typical application
condition where the battery could increase its
value, i.e. When charge or precharge mode are
used.

CHARGER DETECTION MODE

This function allows to generate a digital signal
(CHARGER-OK) to indicate if the V
voltage is higher than 2.5V and the revers e
function is inactive. This functionality allows to
determine if the charger is present or not; if t he
V

CHARGE

is lower than the 2.5V, the
CHARGER-OK goes into high impedance (open
drain). When the reverse function is act ive, this
open drain have the V

CHARGE-VBATT

This circuitry is d irectly supplied from V
and works only for V

V

CHARGE-VBATT

DETECTION MODE

CHARGE

higher than 2.2V.

This function allows to generate a digital signal
(V

CHARGE-VBATT

voltage is higher than V
lower than the V

)flagtoindicateiftheV

;iftheV

BATT

, this open drain goes into

BATT

high impedance s tate. This circuitry is directly
supplied from V
V

CHARGE

higher than 2.2V.

CHARGE

pin an d works only for

THERMAL PROTECTION

An internal thermal shutdown circuitry will switch
OFF the P_MOS, only in precharge or in charge
mode, when the junction temperature reaches
typically 180°C. This has been impl emented in

)

order to protect the device from overburning. 20°C
of thermal hysteresis will avoid a thermal
oscillation.
This circuitry is supplied from V

CHARGE

acts only on t he prec harge and c harge s witche s.

ESD PROTECTION

Both V

CHARGE

and V

pins are protected

BATT

against electrostatic discharge up to ±4KV (HBM,
MIL STD 833D.

CHARGE VOLTAGE

V

CHARGE

to12V.AtV

functional operating range is from 2.5V

CHARGE

=14V typically the I.C. is
automatically turned OFF and remains OFF up to
16V. A V

CHARGE

voltage higher than 16V can

damage the IC.

CHARGE

information.

CHARGE

CHARGE

pin

CHARGE

and, so,

is

5/17

ST3S01LED

POSSIBLE OPERATING MODE

CMD-PWM CMD-MODE CMD-REVERSE Operating Function Selected

0 0 0 PRECHARGE
0 0 1 PRECHARGE + REVERSE
0 1 0 CHARGE
0 1 1 CHARGE + REVERSE
1 0 0 SWITCH OPEN
1 0 1 REVERSE
1 1 0 SWITCH OPEN
1 1 1 REVERSE

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REVERSE SWITCH (T

= - 40 to 85°C, unless otherwise

A

specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

V

BATT

V

DROP

I

LEAKAGE

V

IH

V

IL

V

TH

I

CMD-REV

t

ON-OFF

Reverse Block Operating

2.5 6 V

Input Voltage
Dropout Voltage V

Reverse Leakage Current
(from V

CHARGE

tested on V

to V

BATT

pin)

BATT

,

CMD-REVERSE Logic
High (Switch ON)

CMD-REVERSE Logic
Low (Switch OFF)

CMD-REVERSE Logic
Typical Threshold

CMD-REV Input Current V

=3V I

BATT

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

V

=0V V

BATT

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

V

=3V I

BATT

V

CMD-PWM

V

=3V I

BATT

V

CMD-PWM

V

=3V I

BATT

V

CMD-PWM

=3V I

BATT

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

=5V I

V

BATT

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

=1.9V, V

=1.9V

=1.9V, V

=1.9V

=1.9V V

=1.9V V

=1.9V V

=1.9V, V

=1.9V

=1.9V, V

=1.9V

REVERSE

CMD-PWM

CHARGE
CMD-PWM

REVERSE

CMD-MODE

REVERSE

CMD-MODE

REVERSE

CMD-MODE

REVERSE

CMD-PWM

REVERSE

CMD-PWM

=800mA

=1.9V

=9V

=1.9V

=10mA

=1.9V

=10mA

=1.9V

=10mA

=1.9V

=10mA

=1.9V

=10mA

=1.9V

130 200 mV

01µA

1.2 V

0.4 V

0.75 V

1 1.9 3 µA

10 µA

Response Time 100 µs

6/17

ST3S01LED

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECHARGE SWITCH (TA= -40 to 85°C, unless o therwise

specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

V

CHARGE

V

DROP

I

PRECHARGE

I

LEAKAGE

F

MODE

t

ON-OFF

t

OFF-ON

Precharge Block

2.5 12 V

Operating Input Voltage
Dropout Voltage V

Precharge Current Limit
(from V

CHARGE

to V

BATT

)

Precharge Leakage
Current Limit (from V

to V
V

CHARGE

CHARGE

, tested on

pin)

BATT

PRECHARGE Switch
Minimum Frequency

= 2.5V to 9V

CHARGE

I

PRECHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-PWM

V

CMD-MODE

V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V

= 2.5V to 5VV

CHARGE
CMD-REVERSE
CMD-PWM
CMD-MODE

= 2.5V to 9VV

CHARGE
CMD-REVERSE
CMD-PWM
CMD-MODE

=0V V

CHARGE
CMD-REVERSE
CMD-PWM
CMD-MODE

= 2.5V to 9V

CHARGE

=0VtoV

BATT
CMD-REVERSE
CMD-PWM
CMD-MODE

=100mA

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

BATT

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

BATT

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

BATT

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

CHARGE

=0V or floating

=0V or floating

=0V to 1.9V at F

=0V

=0V

= 5.5V

MODE

100 170 mA

100 200

100 Hz

0.13 1.2 V

1 µA

Response Time 100 µs
Response Time 100 µs

7/17

ST3S01LED

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARGE SWITCH (TA= -40 to 85°C, unless otherwise

specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

V

CHARGE

V

DROP

I

LEAKAGE

V

IH

V

IL

V

TH

I

CMD-REV

F

MODE

t

ON-OFF

Charge Block Operating

2.5 12 V

Input Voltage
Dropout Voltage V

Precharge Leakage
Current Limit (from V

to V
V

CHARGE

CHARGE

, tested on

pin)

BATT

CMD-MODE Logic High
(CHARGE MODE ON)

CMD-MODE Logic Low
(CHARGE MODE OFF)

CMD-MODE Logic
Typical Threshold

CMD-MODE Input
Current

PRECHARGE Switch
Minimum Frequency

I

CHARGE

V
V

V
V

V
I

CHARGE

V
V

I

CHARGE

V
V

I

CHARGE

V
V

V
V

V
I

CHARGE

V
V

= 2.5V to 5V

CHARGE

=800mA V

CMD-PWM
CHARGE

CMD-REVERSE
CMD-MODE

CHARGE

=0V V

=0V V

=1.9V

= 2.5V to 5V

=10mA V

CMD-PWM
CHARGE

=0V

= 2.5V to 5V

=10mA V

CMD-PWM
CHARGE

=0V

= 2.5V to 5V

=10mA V

CMD-PWM
CHARGE

CMD-REVERSE
CMD-MODE

CHARGE

=0V

=3Vto5V I

=1.9V

= 2.5V to 5V

=10mA V

CMD-PWM
CMD-MODE

=0V

=0V to 1.9V at F

CMD-REVERSE

=0V V

CMD-REVERSE

CMD-REVERSE

CMD-REVERSE

=0V V

CMD-REVERSE

CMD-MODE

= 5.5V

BATT
CMD-PWM

CHARGE

CMD-PWM

MODE

=0V

=1.9V

=0V

=0V

=0V

=0V

=10mA

=0V

=0V

0.13 0.2 V

1 µA

1.2 V

0.4 V

0.75 V

130µA

100 Hz

Response Time 100 µs

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CMD-PWM LOGIC PIN (T

=-40to85°C,V

A

CHARGE

= 2.5 to 9V

unless otherwise specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

I

CMD-PWM

8/17

V

IH

V

IL

V

TH

CMD-PWM Logic High
(SWITCH OFF)

CMD-PWM Logic High
(SWITCH ON)

CMD-PWM Logic Typical
Threshold

CMD-PWM Input Current I

I

PRECHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

I

PRECHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

I

PRECHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

PRECHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

=10mA

=0V V

=10mA

=0V V

=10mA

=0V V

=10mA

=0V V

=1.9V

CMD-MODE

CMD-MODE

CMD-MODE

CMD-MODE

1.2 V

=0V

0.4 V

=0V

0.75 V

=0V

130µA

=0V

ST3S01LED

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARGER DETECTION BLOCK (TA= -40 to 85°C,

V

CHARGE

V

V

CHARGE-TH

V

CHARGE-HYS

V

CHARGER-OK

V

CHARGER-OK

I

CHARGER-OK

I

CHARGER-OK

=2.2to9V,V

CMD-REVERSE

= 0V or floating un less otherwise specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

CHARGE

Charger Detection Block
Operating Input Voltage

2.2 V

Low Voltage Threshold with falling edge 2.425 2.5 2.575 V
Low Voltage Hysteresis with rising edge, TA=25°C 100 mV
CHARGER-OK Output

Voltage Low
CHARGER-OK Output

Voltage Low
CHARGER-OK Output

Leakage Current
CHARGER-OK Output

Leakage Current

V

CHARGE

V

FLAG

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CHARGE

V

FLAG

V

CMD-REVERSE

=3V I

= 0.2V I

= 2.2V V

= 0.2V V

CHARGER-OK

CHARGER-OK

=1.9V

=1.9V

CHARGER-OK

CHARGER-OK

=1mA 0.2 0.4 V

=1mA

0.2 0.4 V

=10V 0 1 µA

=10V

01µA

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAG DETECTION BLOCK (T

=-40 to 85°C, V

A

CHARGE

to 9V unless ot herwise s pec ified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

V

CHARGE

V

VCHARGE-

VBATT

I

VCHARGE-

VBATT

V

VCHARGE-

VBATT

I

VCHARGE-

VBATT

FLAG Detection Block
Operating Input Voltage

FLAG (V

CHARGE-VBATT

Voltage Low
FLAG (V

CHARGE-VBATT

Leakage Current
FLAG* (V

CHARGE-VBATT

Voltage Low
FLAG* (V

CHARGE-VBATT

Leakage Current

)

V

= 0.2V I

FLAG

)

V

= 0.2V I

FLAG

)

I

CHARGE

)

V

BATT=VCHARGE

=20mA I

=1mA 0.2 0.45 V

FLAG

=10mA 1 µA

FLAG

=1mA 0.2 0.45 V

FLAG

V

= 10V 1 µA

FLAG

2.2 V

* Guaranteed by design

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERLOAD PROTECTION (T
V

CHARGE>VBATT,VCMD-REVERSE

=0V, V

CMD-PWM

=0V, V

CMD-MODE

=0V to 1.9V, unless otherwise

=-40 to 85°C, V

A

CHARGE

specified.)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

V

BATT

t

ON-OFF

Battery Input Threshold with rising edge 5.4 5.6 5.9 V
Response Time Switches ON to OFF, TA= 25°C 100 µs

=2.2

>3V,

9/17

ST3S01LED

I.C. CONSU MPTION (TA=-40 to 85°C, V

CHARGE<VBATT

, unl es s otherwise specified. )

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

I

BATT

I

CHARGE

Current Consumption
from Battery Pin

Current Consumption
from the Charge Pin

V

CMD-PWM

V

CMD-MODE

= 3 to 5.25V

V

BATT

V

CHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

BATT

V

CHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CHARGE

V

CMD-REVERSE

V

CMD-MODE

= floating

= 5.25V

= floating

= 5.25V V

=1.9V

=0V or 1.9V

=0V

=1.9V

=0V V

=0V or 1.9V

= floating

BATT
CMD-PWM

15 µA

140 300 µA

78 250 µA

=1.9V

ESD PROTECTION

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

T

ESD Electrostatic Discharge

Immunity for V
and V

BATT

CHARGE

pins

=25°C

A

Human Body Method MIL STD
833D-3015.7

TYPICAL P E RFORMAN CE CHARACTERISTICS (unless otherwise specified T
Figure1 : Pr ec harge Current Limit vs

Figure2 : Charge Drop Voltage vs Temperature

±4 kV

=25°C)

j

Temperature

µA

10/17

ST3S01LED

Figure3 : Current Cons umption vs Temperature

Figure4 : Pr ec harge Drop V oltage v s

Temperature

Figure6 : V

Leakage Current vs

BATT

Temperature

Figure7 : Reverse C urrent Consumption v s
Temperature

Figure5: Reverse Drop Voltage vs Temperature

Figure8 : CMD-Mode Logic Threshold vs

Temperature

11/17

ST3S01LED

Figure9 : Command PWM Logic Threshold vs

Temperature

Figure10 : CMD-MODE Input Current vs
Temperature

Figure12 : CMD-REVERSE Input Current vs
Temperature

Figure13 : CMD-PWM Input Current vs
Temperature

Figure11 : Command Reverse Logi c vs
Temperature

12/17

Figure14 : CHARGER OK Voltage vs
Temperature

ST3S01LED

Figure15 : CHARGER OK Voltage vs

Temperature

Figure16 : CHARGER OK Voltage Thresold vs
Temperature

Figure18 : Minimum Battery Current vs
Temperature

Figure19 : Minimum Battery Current vs
Temperature

Figure17 : Flag Voltage Low vs Temperature

Figure20 : Overvoltage Protection v s

Temperature

13/17

ST3S01LED

Figure21 : Dynamic Precharge Mode

14/17

SO-8 (exposed pad) MECHANICAL DATA

ST3S01LED

DIM.

A 1.25 1.62 0.049 0.064
a1 0 0.10 0.000 0.004
a2 1.10 1.65 0.043 0.064
a3 0.65 0.85 0.025 0.033

b 0.33 0.51 0.013 0.020
b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010

C 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019
c1 45˚ (max.)

D 4.80 5.00 0.189 0.196

E 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244

e 1.27 0.050
e3 3.81 0.150

F 3.80 4.00 0.149 0.157

L 0.40 1.27 0.016 0. 050

M 0.6 0.023

S ˚ (max.)

MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

mm. inch

8

A

A

0,10

B

B

15/17

ST3S01LED

Tape & Reel SO-8 MECHANICAL DATA

mm. inch

DIM.

MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

A 330 12.992

C 12.8 13.2 0.504 0.519

D 20.2 0.795

N 60 2.362

T 22.4 0.882
Ao 8.1 8.5 0.319 0.335
Bo 5.5 5.9 0.216 0.232
Ko 2.1 2.3 0.082 0.090
Po 3.9 4.1 0.153 0.161

P 7.9 8.1 0.311 0.319

16/17

ST3S01LED

Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the
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