Filterless Class-D amplifier with built-in output stage
1.4 W into 8 Ω at 5.0 V supply with less than 1% THD
85% efficiency at 5.0 V, 1.4 W into 8 Ω speaker
Better than 98 dB SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)
Single-supply operation from 2.5 V to 5.0 V
20 nA ultralow shutdown current
Short-circuit and thermal protection
Available in 8-lead, 3 mm × 3 mm LFCSP
Pop-and-click suppression
Built-in resistors reduce board component count
Fixed and user-adjustable gain configurations
APPLICATIONS
Mobile phones
MP3 players
Portable gaming
Portable electronics
Educational toys
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The SSM2301 is a fully integrated, high efficiency, Class-D audio
amplifier. It is designed to maximize performance for mobile
phone applications. The application circuit requires a minimum
of external components and operates from a single 2.5 V to 5.0 V
supply. It is capable of delivering 1.4 W of continuous output
power with less than 1% THD + N driving an 8 Ω load from a
5.0 V supply.
The SSM2301 features a high efficiency, low noise modulation
scheme that does not require any external LC output filters. The
modulation continues to provide high efficiency even at low
Class-D Audio Amplifier
SSM2301
output power. It operates with 85% efficiency at 1.4 W into 8 Ω
from a 5.0 V supply and has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is
better than 93 dB. Spread-spectrum modulation is used to
provide lower EMI-radiated emissions compared with other
Class-D architectures.
The SSM2301 has a micropower shutdown mode with a
maximum shutdown current of 30 nA. Shutdown is enabled by
applying a logic low to the
The device also includes pop-and-click suppression circuitry.
This minimizes voltage glitches at the output during turn-on
and turn-off, thus reducing audible noise on activation and
deactivation.
The fully differential input of the SSM2301 provides excellent
rejection of common-mode noise on the input. Input coupling
capacitors can be omitted if the dc input common-mode voltage
is approximately V
DD
/2.
The SSM2301 also has excellent rejection of power supply noise,
including noise caused by GSM transmission bursts and RF
rectification. PSRR is typically 63 dB at 217 Hz.
The gain can be set to 6 dB or 12 dB utilizing the gain control
select pin connected respectively to ground or V
also be adjusted externally by using an external resistor.
The SSM2301 is specified over the comercial temperature range
(−40°C to +85°C). It has built-in thermal shutdown and output
short-circuit protection. It is available in an 8-lead, 3 mm × 3 mm
lead-frame chip scale package (LFCSP).
SD
pin.
. Gain can
DD
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
SSM2301
1
0.01µF
AUDIO IN+
AUDIO IN–
SHUTDOWN
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her
rightsof third parties that mayresultfrom its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license isgranted by implicationorotherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registeredtrademarks are the property of their respective owners.
IN+
IN–
1
0.01µF
GAIN
SD
1
INPUT CAPS ARE OPTIONAL IF INPUT DC COMMON-MODE
VOLTAGE IS APPROXIMATELY V
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD + N PO = 1 W into 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz, VDD = 5.0 V 0.1 %
P
Input Common-Mode Voltage Range VCM 1.0 VDD − 1 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR
Average Switching Frequency fSW 1.8 MHz
Differential Output Offset Voltage V
OOS
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Voltage Range V
DD
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR VDD = 2.5 V to 5.0 V, 50 Hz, input floating/ground 70 85 dB
PSRR
Supply Current I
SY
V
V
Shutdown Current ISD
GAIN CONTROL
Closed-Loop Gain Av0 GAIN pin = 0 V 6 dB
Av1 GAIN pin = VDD 12 dB
Differential Input Impedance Z
IN
SHUTDOWN CONTROL
Input Voltage High V
Input Voltage Low V
Turn-On Time t
Turn-Off Time t
Output Impedance Z
IH
IL
WU
SD
OUT
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Output Voltage Noise en
Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR P
RL = 8 Ω, THD = 1%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 5.0 V 1.4 W
= 8 Ω, THD = 1%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 3.6 V 0.615 W
L
= 8 Ω, THD = 1%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 2.5 V 0.275 W
L
= 8 Ω, THD = 10%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 5.0 V 1.53 W
L
= 8 Ω, THD = 10%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 3.6 V 0.77 W
L
= 8 Ω, THD = 10%, f = 1 kHz, 20 kHz BW, VDD = 2.5 V 0.35 W
L
=1.4 W, 8 Ω, VDD = 5.0 V 85 %
OUT
= 0.5 W into 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz, VDD = 3.6 V 0.04 %
O
GSM VCM
= 2.5 V ± 100 mV at 217 Hz 55 dB
G = 6 dB; G = 12 dB 2.0 mV
Guaranteed from PSRR test 2.5 5.0 V
GSM
V
= 100 mV at 217 Hz, inputs ac GND,
RIPPLE
= 0.01 μF, input referred
C
IN
63 dB
VIN = 0 V, no load, VDD = 5.0 V 5.5 mA
= 0 V, no load, VDD = 3.6 V 4.5 mA
IN
= 0 V, no load, VDD = 2.5 V 4.0 mA
IN
SD
= GND
SD
= VDD,
SD
= GND
20 nA
150 KΩ
210 KΩ
ISY ≥ 1 mA 1.2 V
ISY ≤ 300 nA 0.5 V
SD
rising edge from GND to VDD
SD
falling edge from VDD to GND
SD
= GND
= 2.5 V to 5.0 V, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, inputs are
V
DD
ac grounded, sine wave, A
= 1.4 W, RL = 8 Ω 98 dB
OUT
= 6 dB, A weighting
V
30 ms
5 μs
>100 KΩ
35 μV
Page 4
SSM2301 Preliminary Technical Data
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Absolute maximum ratings apply at 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter Rating
Supply Voltage 6 V
Input Voltage V
Common-Mode Input Voltage V
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature Range −65°C to +165°C
Lead Temperature Range
(Soldering, 60 sec)
DD
DD
300°C
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device
soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
Table 3. Thermal Resistance
Package Type θJA θ
8-lead, 3 mm × 3 mm LFCSP 62 TBD °C/W
Unit
JC
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on
the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
Page 5
Preliminary Technical Data SSM2301
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
1
2GAIN
3IN+
(Not to Scale)
4IN–
PIN 1
INDICATO R
SSM2301
TOP VIEW
8OUT–
7GND
6VDD
5OUT+
06163-002
SD
Figure 2. SSM2301 LFCSP Pin Configuration
Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description
1
SD
Shutdown Input. Active low digital input.
2 GAIN Gain Selection. Digital input.
3 IN+ Noninverting Input.
4 INL− Inverting Input.
5 OUT+ Noninverting Output.
6 VDD Power Supply.
7 GND Ground.
8 OUT− Inverting Output.
Page 6
SSM2301 Preliminary Technical Data
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
100
RL = 8Ω, 33µH
GAIN = 12dB
10
1
THD + N (%)
0.1
0.01
0.0000010.00010.0000110
0.0010.010.11
OUTPUT POWER (W)
Figure 3. THD + N vs. Output Power into 8 Ω, A
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.6V
VDD = 5V
= 12 dB
V
06163-003
100
VDD = 3.6V
= 8Ω, 33µH
R
L
10
1
0.1
THD + N (%)
250mW
0.01
0.001
0.0001
10100k
Figure 6. THD + N vs. Frequency, V
500mW
125mW
1001k10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
= 3.6 V
DD
06163-006
100
RL = 8Ω, 33µH
GAIN = 6dB
10
1
THD + N (%)
0.1
0.01
0.0000010.0001
0.0000001
0.0000110
0.001
OUTPUT POWER (W)
Figure 4. THD + N vs. Output Power into 8 Ω, A
100
VDD = 5V
= 8Ω, 33µH
R
L
10
1
0.1
THD + N (%)
0.01
500mW
1W
250mW
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.6V
0.01
0.1
VDD = 5V
1
= 6 dB
V
100
VDD = 2.5V
R
= 8Ω, 33µH
L
10
1
0.1
THD + N (%)
125mW
0.01
0.001
0.0001
10100k
06163-004
Figure 7. THD + N vs. Frequency, V
250mW
750mW
1001k10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
= 2.5 V
DD
06163-007
0.001
0.0001
10100k
1001k10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 5. THD + N vs. Frequency, V
= 5.0 V
DD
06163-005
Figure 8. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage, No Load
INPUT CAPS ARE OPTIONAL IF INPUT DC COMMON-MODE
VOLTAGE IS APPROXIMATELY V
GAIN
CONTROL
BIAS
/2.
DD
Figure 19. Differential Input Configuration, Gain = 12 dB
0.1µF
MODULATOR
VDD
VBATT
2.4V TO 5. 0V
FET
DRIVER
OUT+
OUT–
AUDIO IN
0.01µF
0.01µF
SSM2301
IN+
IN–
GAIN
GAIN
CONTROL
10µF
SHUTDOWN
SD
BIAS
OSCILLAT OR
GND
POP/CLICK
SUPRESSION
6163-020
Figure 20. Single-Ended Input Configuration, Gain = 6 dB
EXTERNAL GAIN SETTINGS = 20 log[4/(1 + R/150kΩ)]
SSM2301
1
0.01µF
R
AUDIO IN+
AUDIO IN–
SHUTDOWN
0.01µF
IN+
R
IN–
1
V
DD
GAIN
SD
1
INPUT CAPS ARE OPTIONAL IF INPUT DC COMMON-MODE
VOLTAGE IS APPROXIMATELY V
GAIN
CONTROL
Figure 21. Differential Input Configuration, User-Adjustable Gain
10µF
BIAS
/2.
DD
0.1µF
MODULATOR
OSCILLAT OR
VDD
GND
VBATT
2.4V TO 5. 0V
FET
DRIVER
POP/CLICK
SUPRESSION
OUT+
OUT–
06163-021
Page 10
SSM2301 Preliminary Technical Data
EXTERNAL GAIN SETTINGS = 20 log[4/(1 + R/150kΩ)]
10µF
0.1µF
VBATT
2.4V TO 5. 0V
SSM2301
0.01µF
R
AUDIO IN
0.01µF
SHUTDOWN
IN+
R
IN–
V
DD
GAIN
SD
GAIN
CONTROL
Figure 22. Single-Ended Input Configuration, User-Adjustable Gain
EXTERNAL GAIN SETTINGS = 20 log[2/(1 + R/150kΩ)]
SSM2301
1
0.01µF
R
AUDIO IN+
AUDIO IN–
SHUTDOWN
0.01µF
IN+
R
IN–
1
GAIN
SD
GAIN
CONTROL
BIAS
10µF
BIAS
MODULATOR
OSCILLAT OR
0.1µF
MODULATOR
OSCILLAT OR
VDD
GND
VDD
GND
FET
DRIVER
POP/CLICK
SUPRESSION
VBATT
2.4V TO 5. 0V
FET
DRIVER
POP/CLICK
SUPRESSION
OUT+
OUT–
OUT+
OUT–
6163-022
1
INPUT CAPS ARE OPTIONAL IF INPUT DC COMMON-MODE
VOLTAGE IS APPROXIMATELY V
/2.
DD
06163-023
Figure 23. Differential Input Configuration, User-Adjustable Gain
EXTERNAL GAIN SETTINGS = 20 log[2/(1 + R/150kΩ)]
SSM2301
0.01µF
R
AUDIO IN
0.01µF
SHUTDOWN
IN+
IN–
R
GAIN
SD
GAIN
CONTROL
Figure 24. Single-Ended Input Configuration, User-Adjustable Gain
10µF
BIAS
0.1µF
MODULATOR
OSCILLAT OR
VDD
GND
VBATT
2.4V TO 5. 0V
FET
DRIVER
POP/CLICK
SUPRESSION
OUT+
OUT–
6163-024
Page 11
Preliminary Technical Data SSM2301
APPLICATION NOTES
OVERVIEW
The SSM2301 mono Class-D audio amplifier features a filterless
modulation scheme that greatly reduces the external components
count, conserving board space and thus reducing systems cost.
The SSM2301 does not require an output filter, but instead relies
on the inherent inductance of the speaker coil and the natural
filtering of the speaker and human ear to fully recover the audio
component of the square-wave output. While most Class-D amplifiers use some variation of pulse-width modulation (PWM), the
SSM2301 uses a Σ-Δ modulation to determine the switching
pattern of the output devices. This provides a number of important
benefits. Σ-Δ modulators do not produces a sharp peak with
many harmonics in the AM frequency band, as pulse-width
modulators often do. Σ-Δ modulation provides the benefits of
reducing the amplitude of spectral components at high frequencies;
that is, reducing EMI emission that might otherwise be radiated
by speakers and long cable traces. The SSM2301 also offers
protection circuits for overcurrent and temperature protection.
GAIN SELECTION
Pulling the GAIN pin high of the SSM2301 sets the gain of the
speaker amplifier to 12 dB; pulling it low sets the gain of the
speaker amplifier to 6 dB.
POP-AND-CLICK SUPPRESSION
Voltage transients at the output of audio amplifiers can occur when
shutdown is activated or deactivated. Voltage transients as low
as 10 mV can be heard as an audio pop in the speaker. Clicks
and pops can also be classified as undesirable audible transients
generated by the amplifier system, therefore as not coming from
the system input signal. Such transients can be generated when
the amplifier system changes its operating mode. For example, the
following can be sources of audible transients: system power-up/
power-down, mute/unmute, input source change, and sample rate
change. The SSM2301 has a pop-and-click suppression architecture
that reduces these output transients, resulting in noiseless activation
and deactivation.
It is possible to adjust the SSM2301 gain by using external resistors
at the input. To set a gain lower than 12 dB refer to Figure 21 for
differential input configuration and Figure 22 for single-ended
configuration. For external gain configuration from a fixed 12 dB
gain, use the following formula:
External Gain Settings = 20 log[4/(1 + R/150 kΩ)]
To set a gain lower than 6 dB refer to Figure 23 for differential
input configuration and Figure 24 for single-ended configuration.
For external gain configuration from a fixed 6 dB gain, use the
following formula:
External Gain Settings = 20 log[2/(1 + R/150 kΩ)]
Page 12
SSM2301 Preliminary Technical Data
LAYOUT
As output power continues to increase, care needs to be taken to
lay out PCB traces and wires properly between the amplifier,
load, and power supply. A good practice is to use short, wide
PCB tracks to decrease voltage drops and minimize inductance.
Make track widths at least 200 mil for every inch of track length
for lowest DCR, and use 1 oz or 2 oz of copper PCB traces to
further reduce IR drops and inductance. A poor layout
increases voltage drops, consequently affecting efficiency. Use
large traces for the power supply inputs and amplifier outputs to
minimize losses due to parasitic trace resistance. Proper
grounding guidelines help to improve audio performance,
minimize crosstalk between channels, and prevent switching
noise from coupling into the audio signal. To maintain high
output swing and high peak output power, the PCB traces that
connect the output pins to the load and supply pins should be as
wide as possible to maintain the minimum trace resistances. It
is also recommended to use a large-area ground plane for
minimum impedances. Good PCB layouts also isolate critical
analog paths from sources of high interference. High frequency
circuits (analog and digital) should be separated from low
frequency ones. Properly designed multilayer printed circuit
boards can reduce EMI emission and increase immunity to RF
field by a factor of 10 or more compared with double-sided
boards. A multilayer board allows a complete layer to be used
for ground plane, whereas the ground plane side of a doubleside board is often disrupted with signal crossover. If the system
has separate analog and digital ground and power planes, the
analog ground plane should be underneath the analog power
plane, and, similarly, the digital ground plane should be
underneath the digital power plane. There should be no overlap
between analog and digital ground planes nor analog and
digital power planes.
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The SSM2301 will not require input coupling capacitors if the
input signal is biased from 1.0 V to V
capacitors are required if the input signal is not biased within
this recommended input dc common-mode voltage range, if
high-pass filtering is needed (Figure 19), or if using a singleended source (Figure 20). If high-pass filtering is needed at the
input, the input capacitor along with the input resistor of the
SSM2301 will form a high-pass filter whose corner frequency is
determined by the following equation:
= 1/(2π × RIN × CIN)
f
C
Input capacitor can have very important effects on the circuit
performance. Not using input capacitors degrades the output
offset of the amplifier as well as the PSRR performance.
− 1.0 V. Input
DD
PROPER POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
To ensure high efficiency, low total harmonic distortion (THD),
and high PSRR, proper power supply decoupling is necessary.
Noise transients on the power supply lines are short-duration
voltage spikes. Although the actual switching frequency can
range from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, these spikes can contain
frequency components that extend into the hundreds of
megahertz. The power supply input needs to be decoupled with
a good quality low ESL and low ESR capacitor—usually around
4.7 μF. This capacitor bypasses low frequency noises to the
ground plane. For high frequency transients noises, use a 0.1 μF
capacitor as close as possible to the VDD pin of the device.
Placing the decoupling capacitor as close as possible to the
SSM2301 helps maintain efficiency performance.
Page 13
Preliminary Technical Data SSM2301
EVALUATION BOARD INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
The SSM2301 audio power amplifier is a complete low power,
Class-D, stereo audio amplifier capable of delivering 1.4 W/channel
into 8 Ω load. In addition to the minimal parts required for the
application circuit, measurement filters are provided on the
evaluation board so that conventional audio measurements can
be made without additional components.
This section provides an overview of Analog Devices SSM2301
evaluation board. It includes a brief description of the board as
well as a list of the board specifications.
Table 5. SSM2301 Evaluation Board Specifications
Parameter Specification
Supply Voltage Range, VDD 2.5 V to 5.0 V
Power Supply Current Rating 1.5 A
Continuous Output Power, PO
= 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz, 22 kHz BW)
(R
L
Minimum Load Impedance 8 Ω
1.4 W
OPERATION
Use the following steps when operating the SSM2301
evaluation board.
Power and Ground
1. Set the power supply voltage between 2.5 V and 5.0 V. When
connecting the power supply to the SSM2301 evaluation
board, make sure to attach the ground connection to the
GND header pin first and then connect the positive supply
to the VDD header pin.
Inputs and Outputs
1. Ensure that the audio source is set to the minimum level.
Gain Control
The gain select header controls the gain setting of the SSM2301.
1. Select jumper to LG for 6 dB gain.
2. Select jumper to HG for 12 dB gain.
External Gain Settings
It is possible to adjust the SSM2301 gain using external resistors
at the input. To set a gain lower than 12 dB refer to Figure 21
and Figure 22 on the product data sheet for proper circuit configuration. For external gain configuration from a fixed 12 dB
gain, use the following formula:
External Gain Settings = 20 log[4/(1 + R/150 kΩ)]
To set a gain lower than 6 dB refer to Figure 23 and Figure 24
on the product data sheet for proper circuit configuration. For
external gain configuration from a fixed 6 dB gain, use the
following formula:
External Gain Settings = 20 log[2/(1 + R/150 kΩ)]
Shutdown Control
The shutdown select header controls the shutdown function of
the SSM2301. The shutdown pin on the SSM2301 is active low,
meaning that a low voltage (GND) on this pin places the SSM2301
into shutdown mode.
1. Select jumper to 1-2 position. Shutdown pulled to V
2. Select jumper to 2-3 position. Shutdown pulled to GND.
DD
.
Input Configurations
1. For differential input configuration with input capacitors
do not place a jumper on J2 and J3.
2. Connect the audio source to Inputs IN± and IN±.
3. Connect the speakers to Outputs OUT± and OUT±.
2. For differential input configuration without input capacitors
place a jumper on J2 and J3.
Page 14
SSM2301 Preliminary Technical Data
SSM2301 APPLICATION BOARD SCHEMATIC
J3
POWER
12
V
DD
J2
12
J1
4
3
2
1
C1
0.1µF
C2
0.1µF
2
SD
GAIN
1
C7
0.1µFC60.1µFC510µF
1
SD
2
GAIN
3
IN+
4
IN–
8
OUT–
7
GND
6
VDDV
5
OUT+
J4
1
OUTPUT
2
DD
JP3
V
DD
R3
100kΩ
GAINSD
JP6
1
3
5
HEADER 3X2
V
DD
2
4
6
R4
100kΩ
Figure 25. SSM2301 Application Board Schematic
06163-025
Page 15
Preliminary Technical Data SSM2301
SSM2301 STEREO CLASS-D AMPLIFIER EVALUATION MODULE COMPONENT LIST
Table 6.
Reference Description Footprint Quantity Manufacturer/Part Number