+15kV Human Body Model
+15kV IEC1000-4-2 Air Discharge
+8kV IEC1000-4-2 Contact Discharge
SP207EH–SP213EH
RS232 T ransceivers
DESCRIPTION
The SP207EH/208EH/211EH/213EH devices are high speed enhanced multi-channel
RS-232 line transceivers with improved electrical performance. The SP207EH/208EH/211EH/213EH series is a superior drop-in replacement to our previous versions as well as
popular industry standards. All devices feature low-power CMOS construction and the
Sipex-patented (5,306,954) on-board charge pump circuitry that generates the +10V
RS-232 voltage levels using 0.1µF charge pump capacitors. The SP211E and SP213E
devices feature a low-power shutdown mode, which reduces power supply drain to 1µA.
Enhancements to this series include a higher transmission rate of 500Kbps, a lower
power supply current at 3mA typical (no load), and superior ESD performance. The ESD
tolerance has been improved for this series to over +15kV for both Human Body Model and
IEC1000-4-2 Air Discharge test methods.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these or any other above those indicated in the operation sections of
the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
Output Voltage Swing+5+7VoltsAll transmitter outputs loaded
Output Resistance300ΩVCC = 0V; V
Output Short Circuit Current+25mAInfinite duration, V
RS232 INPUT
Voltage Range–15+15Volts
Voltage Threshold
Low0.81.2VoltsVCC = 5V, TA = +25°C
High1.72.8VoltsVCC = 5V, TA = +25°C
Hysteresis0.20.51.0VoltsVCC = +5V
Resistance357kΩVIN =+15V; TA = +25°C
As in the original RS-232 multi-channel
products, the SP207EHSeries high speed
multi-channel RS-232 line transceivers provide
a variety of configurations to fit most designs,
especially high speed applications where +12V
is not available. The SP207EH Series is a
superior high speed drop-in replacement to our
previous versions as well as popular industry
standards.
All devices in this series feature low-power
CMOS construction and Sipex's proprietary
on-board charge pump circuitry to generate the
+10V RS-232 voltage levels. The ability to
use 0.1µF charge pump capacitors saves
board space and reduces production costs.
The devices in this series provide different
driver/receiver combinations to match any
application requirement.
The SP211EH and SP213EH models feature a
low–power shutdown mode, which reduces
power supply drain to 1µA. The SP213EH
includes a Wake-Up function which keeps two
receivers active in the shutdown mode, unless
disabled by the EN pin.
The family is available in 28–pin SO (wide) and
SSOP (shrink) small outline packages. Devices
can be specified for commercial (0°C to +70°C)
and industrial/extended (–40°C to +85°C) operating temperatures.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP207EH Series devices are made up of
three basic circuit blocks — 1) transmitter/
driver, 2) receiver and 3) the SIPEX–proprietary charge pump. Each model within the
Series incorporates variations of these circuits
to achieve the desired configuration and
performance.
Charge–Pump
The charge pump is a Sipex–patented design
(5,306,954) and uses a unique approach
compared to older less–efficient designs. The
charge pump still requires four external capacitors,
but uses a four–phase voltage shifting technique
to attain symmetrical 10V power supplies.
Figure 3a shows the waveform found on the
positive side of capacitor C2, and Figure 3b shows
the negative side of capacitor C2. There is a
free–running oscillator that controls the four
phases of the voltage shifting. A description of
each phase follows.
Phase 1
— VSS charge storage —During this phase of the
clock cycle, the positive side of capacitors C
and C2 are initially charged to +5V. C
switched to ground and the charge in C
transferred to C
+5V, the voltage potential across capacitor C2 is
–
. Since C
2
+
is connected to
2
+
is then
l
–
is
1
now 10V.
Phase 2
— VSS transfer — Phase two of the clock
connects the negative terminal of C2 to the V
storage capacitor and the positive terminal of C
to ground, and transfers the generated –l0V to
C3. Simultaneously, the positive side of capacitor
C 1 is switched to +5V and the negative side is
connected to ground.
Phase 3
— VDD charge storage — The third phase of the
clock is identical to the first phase — the charge
transferred in C1 produces –5V in the negative
terminal of C1, which is applied to the negative
side of capacitor C2. Since C
voltage potential across C2 is l0V.
— VDD transfer — The fourth phase of the clock
connects the negative terminal of C2 to ground,
and transfers the generated l0V across C2 to C4,
the VDD storage capacitor. Again, simultaneously
with this, the positive side of capacitor C1 is
switched to +5V and the negative side is
connected to ground, and the cycle begins again.
Since both V+ and V– are separately generated
from VCC; in a no–load condition V+ and V– will
be symmetrical. Older charge pump approaches
that generate V– from V+ will show a decrease in
the magnitude of V– compared to V+ due to the
inherent inefficiencies in the design.
The clock rate for the charge pump typically
operates at 15kHz. The external capacitors can
be as low as 0.1µF with a 16V breakdown
voltage rating.
Transmitter/Driver
The drivers of the SP207EH Series can maintain
a typical data rate of 500Kbps. This superior
RS-232 data transmission rate makes the
SP207EH Series an ideal match for many
designs in personal computer peripherals and
LAN applications that demand high speed
performance.
The drivers are inverting transmitters, which
accept either TTL or CMOS inputs and output the
RS-232 signals with an inverted sense relative to
the input logic levels. Typically, the RS-232
output voltage swing is +9V with no load, and +5V
minimum with full load. The transmitter outputs
are protected against infinite short–circuits to
ground without degradation in reliability. The
drivers of the SP211EH, and SP213EH can be
tri–stated by using the SHUTDOWN function.
In the “power-off” state, the output impedance will
remain greater than 300 ohms, again satisfying the
RS-232 specifications. Should the input of the
driver be left open, an internal 400Kohm pullup
resistor to VCC forces the input high, thus committing the output to a low state. The slew rate of the
transmitter output is internally limited to a maximum of 30V/µs in order to meet the EIA standards
(EIA RS-232D 2.1.7, Paragraph 5). The transition
of the loaded output from high to low also meets
the monotonicity requirements of the standard.
The high performance receivers of the SP207EH
Series can accept input signals at a typical data
rate of 500Kbps. The receivers convert RS-232
input signals to inverted TTL signals. The
receivers convert RS-232 input signals to
inverted TTL signals. Since the input is usually
from a transmission line where long cable lengths
and system interference can degrade the signal,
the inputs have a typical hysteresis margin of
500mV. This ensures that the receiver is
virtually immune to noisy transmission lines.
Should an input be left unconnected, a 5kΩ
pulldown resistor to ground will commit the
output of the receiver to a high state.
SHUTDOWN MODE
The SP211EH, and SP213EH all feature a
control input which will disable the device and
reduce the power supply current to less than
10µA, making the parts ideal for battery–
powered systems. In the “shutdown” mode the
receivers and transmitters will both be tri–stated.
The V+ output of the charge pump will discharge
to VCC, and the V– output will discharge to
ground. Products with the Wake-Up function
can enable or disable the receivers during
shutdown.
C
4
+
–
Storage Capacitor
V
DD
+
–
V
Storage Capacitor
SS
C
3
C
4
+
–
Storage Capacitor
V
DD
+
–
V
Storage Capacitor
SS
C
3
For complete shutdown to occur and the 10µA
power drain to be realized, the following
conditions must be met:
SP211EH:
• +5V must be applied to the SD pin
• ENABLE must be either 0V, +5.0V or not
connected
• the transmitter inputs must be either +5.0V
or not connected
• VCC must be +5V
• Receiver inputs must be >0V and <+5V
SP213EH:
• 0V must be applied to the SD pin
• ENABLE must be either 0V, +5.0V or not
connected
• the transmitter inputs must be either +5.0V
or not connected
The SP211EH and SP213EH all feature an
enable input, which allows the receiver outputs
to be either tri–stated or enabled. This can be
especially useful when the receiver is tied directly to a microprocessor data bus. For the
SP211EH, enable is active low; that is, 0V
applied to the ENABLE pin will enable the
receiver outputs. For the SP213EH, enable is
active high; that is, +5V applied to the ENABLE
pin will enable the receiver outputs.
The SP213EH has a wake–up feature that keeps
two receivers (R4 and R5) in an enabled state
when the device is in the shutdown mode. With
only the receivers active during shutdown, the
devices draw 5–10µA of supply current.
A typical application of this function would be
where a modem is interfaced to a computer in a
power–down mode. The ring indicator signal
from the modem could be passed through an
active receiver in the SP213EH that is itself in
the shutdown mode. The ring indicator signal
would propagate through the SP213EH to the
power management circuitry of the computer to
power up the microprocessor and the SP213EH
drivers. After the supply voltage to the SP213EH
reaches +5.0V, the SHUTDOWN pin can be
disabled, taking the SP213EH out of the
shutdown mode.
All receivers that are active during shutdown
maintain 500mV (typical) of hysteresis.
ESD TOLERANCE
The SP207EH Family incorporates ruggedized
ESD cells on all driver output and receiver input
pins. The ESD structure is improved over our
previous family for more rugged applications
and environments sensitive to electro-static discharges and associated transients. The improved
ESD tolerance is at least +15kV without damage
nor latch-up.
There are different methods of ESD testing
applied:
a) MIL-STD-883, Method 3015.7
b) IEC1000-4-2 Air-Discharge
c) IEC1000-4-2 Direct Contact
The Human Body Model has been the generally
accepted ESD testing method for semiconductors.
This method is also specified in MIL-STD-883,
Method 3015.7 for ESD testing. The premise of
this ESD test is to simulate the human body’s
potential to store electro-static energy and discharge
it to an integrated circuit. The simulation is
performed by using a test model as shown
in Figure 7. This method will test the IC’s
capability to withstand an ESD transient during
normal handling such as in manufacturing areas
where the ICs tend to be handled frequently.
The IEC-1000-4-2, formerly IEC801-2, is generally
used for testing ESD on equipment and systems.
For system manufacturers, they must guarantee a
certain amount of ESD protection since the system
itself is exposed to the outside environment and
human presence. The premise with IEC1000-4-2
is that the system is required to withstand an
amount of static electricity when ESD is applied to
points and surfaces of the equipment that are
accessible to personnel during normal usage. The
transceiver IC receives most of the ESD current
when the ESD source is applied to the connector
pins. The test circuit for IEC1000-4-2 is shown
on Figure 8. There are two methods within
IEC1000-4-2, the Air Discharge method and the
Contact Discharge method.
With the Air Discharge Method, an ESD voltage is
applied to the equipment under test (EUT) through
air. This simulates an electrically charged person
ready to connect a cable onto the rear of the system
only to find an unpleasant zap just before the
person touches the back panel. The high energy
potential on the person discharges through an
arcing path to the rear panel of the system before he
or she even touches the system. This energy,
whether discharged directly or through air, is
predominantly a function of the discharge current
rather than the discharge voltage. Variables with
an air discharge such as approach speed of the
object carrying the ESD potential to the system
and humidity will tend to change the discharge
current. For example, the rise time of the discharge
current varies with the approach speed.
R
RR
S
SS
C
CC
S
SS
RS and RV add up to 330Ω for IEC1000-4-2.
RR
andandRR
S S
i ➙
30A
15A
0A
Figure 9. ESD Test Waveform for IEC1000-4-2
R
RR
V
VV
SW2
SW2SW2
add up to 330add up to 330ΩΩ f for IEC1000-4-2.or IEC1000-4-2.
V V
t=0nst=30ns
t ➙
Device
Under
Test
The Contact Discharge Method applies the ESD
current directly to the EUT. This method was
devised to reduce the unpredictability of the ESD
arc. The discharge current rise time is constant
since the energy is directly transferred without the
air-gap arc. In situations such as hand held systems,
the ESD charge can be directly discharged to the
equipment from a person already holding the
equipment. The current is transferred on to the
keypad or the serial port of the equipment directly
and then travels through the PCB and finally to the IC.
The circuit model in Figures 7 and 8 represent the
typical ESD testing circuit used for all three
methods. The CS is initially charged with the DC
power supply when the first switch (SW1) is on.
Now that the capacitor is charged, the second
switch (SW2) is on while SW1 switches off. The
voltage stored in the capacitor is then applied
through RS, the current limiting resistor, onto the
device under test (DUT). In ESD tests, the SW2
switch is pulsed so that the device under test
receives a duration of voltage.
10
Page 11
For the Human Body Model, the current limiting
resistor (RS) and the source capacitor (CS) are
1.5kΩ an 100pF, respectively. For IEC-1000-4-2,
the current limiting resistor (RS) and the source
capacitor (CS) are 330Ω an 150pF, respectively.
EIA STANDARDS
The Electronic Industry Association (EIA)
developed several standards of data transmission
which are revised and updated in order to meet
the requirements of the industry. In data
processing, there are two basic means of
The higher CS value and lower RS value in the
IEC1000-4-2 model are more stringent than the
Human Body Model. The larger storage capacitor
injects a higher voltage to the test point when SW2
communicating between systems and components.
The RS-232 standard was first introduced in
1962 and, since that time, has become an
industry standard.
is switched on. The lower current limiting resistor
increases the current charge onto the test point.
The RS-232 is a relatively slow data exchange
protocol, with a maximum baud rate of only
20kbps, which can be transmitted over a
maximum copper wire cable length of 50 feet.
The SP207EH through SP213EH Series of data
communications interface products have been
designed to meet both the EIA protocol
standards, and the needs of the industry.
DEVICE PIN HUMAN BODY IEC1000-4-2
TESTED MODEL Air Discharge Direct Contact Level
Driver Outputs +15kV +15kV +8kV 4
Receiver Inputs
Table 3. Transceiver ESD Tolerance Levels
SpecificationRS–232DRS–423ARS–422RS–485RS–562
Mode of OperationSingle–EndedSingle–EndedDifferentialDifferentialSingle–Ended
No. of Drivers and Receivers1 Driver1 Driver1 Driver32 Drivers1 Driver
Allowed on One Line1 Receiver10 Receivers10 Receivers32 Receivers1 Receiver
Maximum Cable Length50 feet4,000 feet4,000 feet4,000 feetC ≤ 2,500pF @ <20Kbps;
Maximum Data Rate20Kb/s100Kb/s10Mb/s10Mb/s64Kb/s
Driver output Maximum Voltage±25V±6V–0.25V to +6V–7V to +12V–3.7V to +13.2V
Driver Output Signal Level
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
RS232 Transceivers with Low–Power Shutdown and Tri–state Enable:
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
RS232 Transceivers with Low–Power Shutdown, Tri–state Enable, and Wake–Up Function:
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
SP213EHCA .............. 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ............................ 0°C to +70°C ............................................... 28–pin SSOP
SP213EHCT............... 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ............................ 0°C to +70°C ................................................ 28–pin SOIC
SP213EHEA .............. 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ........................ –40°C to +85°C ............................................... 28–pin SSOP
SP213EHET ............... 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ........................ –40°C to +85°C ................................................ 28–pin SOIC
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.