+15kV Human Body Model
+15kV IEC1000-4-2 Air Discharge
+8kV IEC1000-4-2 Contact Discharge
SP207E–SP213E
DESCRIPTION
The SP200E Series are enhanced multi–channel RS-232 line transceivers with improved
electrical performance. The SP200E family is pin-to-pin compatible with our previous SP200
family as well as popular industry standards. As with the orignal SP200 family, all models in this
Series feature low–power CMOS construction and Sipex–patented (5,306,954) on-board
charge pump circuitry to generate the ±10V RS-232 voltage levels, using 0.1µF charge pump
capacitors to save board space and reduce circuit cost. The SP211E and SP213E models feature
a low–power shutdown mode, which reduces power supply drain to 1µA. Enhancements include
lower power supply current at 3mA typical (no load) and superior ESD performance. The ESD
tolerance has been improved on this family to over ±15kV for both Human Body Model and
IEC1000-4-2 Air Discharge test methods.
ModelDriversReceiversActive in Shutdown 0.1µF Capacitors Shutdown WakeUp TTL Tri–State
These are stress ratings only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other
above those indicated in the operation sections
of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure
to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
As in the original RS-232 multi-channel
products, the SP207E Series multi–channel
RS-232 line transceivers provide a variety of
configurations to fit most communication
needs, especially those applications where +12V
is not available. All models in this Series feature
low–power CMOS construction and SIPEX–
proprietary on-board charge pump circuitry to
generate the +10V RS-232 voltage levels. The
ability to use 0.1µF charge pump capacitors
saves board space and reduces circuit cost.
Different models within the Series provide
different driver/receiver combinations to
match any application requirement.
The SP211 and SP213E models feature a low–
power shutdown mode, which reduces power
supply drain to 1µA. The SP213E includes a
Wake-Up function which keeps two receivers
active in the shutdown mode, unless disabled by
the EN pin.
Charge–Pump
The charge pump is a Sipex–patented design
(5,306,954) and uses a unique approach
compared to older less–efficient designs. The
charge pump still requires four external capacitors,
but uses a four–phase voltage shifting technique
to attain symmetrical 10V power supplies.
Figure 3a shows the waveform found on the
positive side of capcitor C2, and Figure 3b
shows the negative side of capcitor C2. There is
a free–running oscillator that controls the four
phases of the voltage shifting. A description of
each phase follows.
Phase 1
— VSS charge storage —During this phase of the
clock cycle, the positive side of capacitors C
and C2 are initially charged to +5V. C
switched to ground and the charge in C
transferred to C
+5V, the voltage potential across capacitor C2 is
–
. Since C
2
+
is connected to
2
+
is then
l
–
is
1
now 10V.
1
The family is available in 28–pin SO (wide) and
SSOP (shrink) small outline packages. Devices
can be specified for commercial (0°C to +70°C)
and industrial/extended (–40°C to +85°C)
operating temperatures.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP207E Series devices are made up of
three basic circuit blocks — 1) transmitter/
driver, 2) receiver and 3) the SIPEX–
proprietary charge pump. Each model within
the Series incorporates variations of these
circuits to achieve the desired configuration
and performance.
Phase 2
— VSS transfer — Phase two of the clock
connects the negative terminal of C2 to the V
storage capacitor and the positive terminal of C
to ground, and transfers the generated –l0V to
C3. Simultaneously, the positive side of
capacitor C 1 is switched to +5V and the negative
side is connected to ground.
Phase 3
— VDD charge storage — The third phase of the
clock is identical to the first phase — the charge
transferred in C1 produces –5V in the negative
terminal of C1, which is applied to the negative
side of capacitor C2. Since C
voltage potential across C2 is l0V.
— VDD transfer — The fourth phase of the clock
connects the negative terminal of C2 to ground,
and transfers the generated l0V across C2 to C4,
the VDD storage capacitor. Again, simultaneously
with this, the positive side of capacitor C1 is
switched to +5V and the negative side is
connected to ground, and the cycle begins again.
Since both V+ and V– are separately generated
from VCC; in a no–load condition V+ and V– will
be symmetrical. Older charge pump approaches
that generate V– from V+ will show a decrease in
the magnitude of V– compared to V+ due to the
inherent inefficiencies in the design.
The clock rate for the charge pump typically
operates at 15kHz. The external capacitors can
be as low as 0.1µF with a 16V breakdown
voltage rating.
Transmitter/Driver
The drivers are inverting transmitters, which
accept either TTL or CMOS inputs and output the
RS-232 signals with an inverted sense relative to
the input logic levels. Typically, the RS-232
output voltage swing is +9V with no load, and +5V
minimum with full load. The transmitter outputs
are protected against infinite short–circuits to
ground without degradation in reliability. The
drivers of the SP211E, and SP213E can be
tri–stated by using the SHUTDOWN function.
In the “power-off” state, the output impedance will
remain greater than 300 ohms, again satisfying the
RS-232 specifications. Should the input of the
driver be left open, an internal 400Kohm pullup
resistor to VCC forces the input high, thus committing
the output to a low state. The slew rate of the
transmitter output is internally limited to a
maximum of 30V/µs in order to meet the EIA
standards (EIA RS-232D 2.1.7, Paragraph 5). The
transition of the loaded output from high to low
also meets the monotonicity requirements of the
standard.
The receivers convert RS-232 input signals to
inverted TTL signals. Since the input is usually
from a transmission line where long cable lengths
and system interference can degrade the signal,
the inputs have a typical hysteresis margin of
500mV. This ensures that the receiver is virtually immune to noisy transmission lines. Should
an input be left unconnected, a 5kΩ pulldown
resistor to ground will commit the output of the
receiver to a high state.
SHUTDOWN MODE
The SP211E, and SP213E all feature a control
input which will disable the device and reduce
the power supply current to less than 10µA,
making the parts ideal for battery–powered
systems. In the “shutdown” mode the receivers
and transmitters will both be tri–stated. The V
output of the charge pump will discharge to VCC,
and the V– output will discharge to ground.
Products with the Wake-Up function can enable
or disable the receivers during shutdown.
C
4
+
–
Storage Capacitor
V
DD
+
–
V
Storage Capacitor
SS
C
3
C
4
+
–
Storage Capacitor
V
DD
+
–
V
Storage Capacitor
SS
C
3
For complete shutdown to occur and the 10µA
power drain to be realized, the following
conditions must be met:
SP211E:
• +5V must be applied to the SD pin
• ENABLE must be either 0V, +5.0V or not
connected
• the transmitter inputs must be either +5.0V
or not connected
• VCC must be +5V
• Receiver inputs must be >0V and <+5V
SP213E:
• 0V must be applied to the SD pin
+
• ENABLE must be either 0V, +5.0V or not
connected
• the transmitter inputs must be either +5.0V
or not connected
The SP211E and SP213E all feature an enable
input, which allows the receiver outputs to be
either tri–stated or enabled. This can be especially
useful when the receiver is tied directly to a
microprocessor data bus. For the SP211E, enable
is active low; that is, 0V applied to the ENABLE
pin will enable the receiver outputs. For the
SP213E, enable is active high; that is, +5V
applied to the ENABLE pin will enable the
receiver outputs.
The SP213E has a wake–up feature that keeps
two receivers (R4 and R5) in an enabled state
when the device is in the shutdown mode. With
only the receivers active during shutdown, the
devices draw 5–10µA of supply current.
A typical application of this function would be
where a modem is interfaced to a computer in a
power–down mode. The ring indicator signal
from the modem could be passed through an
active receiver in the SP213E that is itself in the
shutdown mode. The ring indicator signal would
propagate through the SP213E to the power
management circuitry of the computer to power
up the microprocessor and the SP213E drivers.
After the supply voltage to the SP213E reaches
+5.0V, the SHUTDOWN pin can be disabled,
taking the SP213E out of the shutdown mode.
All receivers that are active during shutdown
maintain 500mV (typ.) of hysteresis.
ESD TOLERANCE
The SP207E Family incorporates ruggedized
ESD cells on all driver output and receiver input
pins. The ESD structure is improved over our
previous family for more rugged applications
and environments sensitive to electro-static
discharges and associated transients. The
improved ESD tolerance is at least +15kV
without damage nor latch-up.
There are different methods of ESD testing
applied:
a) MIL-STD-883, Method 3015.7
b) IEC1000-4-2 Air-Discharge
c) IEC1000-4-2 Direct Contact
The Human Body Model has been the generally
accepted ESD testing method for semiconductors.
This method is also specified in MIL-STD-883,
Method 3015.7 for ESD testing. The premise of
this ESD test is to simulate the human body’s
potential to store electro-static energy and discharge
it to an integrated circuit. The simulation is
performed by using a test model as shown in
Figure 7. This method will test the IC’s capability
to withstand an ESD transient during normal
handling such as in manufacturing areas where the
ICs tend to be handled frequently.
The IEC-1000-4-2, formerly IEC801-2, is generally
used for testing ESD on equipment and systems.
For system manufacturers, they must guarantee a
certain amount of ESD protection since the system
itself is exposed to the outside environment and
human presence. The premise with IEC1000-4-2
is that the system is required to withstand an
amount of static electricity when ESD is applied to
points and surfaces of the equipment that are
accessible to personnel during normal usage. The
transceiver IC receives most of the ESD current
when the ESD source is applied to the connector
pins. The test circuit for IEC1000-4-2 is shown on
Figure 8. There are two methods within IEC10004-2, the Air Discharge method and the Contact
Discharge method.
With the Air Discharge Method, an ESD voltage is
applied to the equipment under test (EUT) through
air. This simulates an electrically charged person
ready to connect a cable onto the rear of the system
only to find an unpleasant zap just before the
person touches the back panel. The high energy
potential on the person discharges through an
arcing path to the rear panel of the system before he
or she even touches the system. This energy,
whether discharged directly or through air, is
predominantly a function of the discharge current
rather than the discharge voltage. Variables with
an air discharge such as approach speed of the
object carrying the ESD potential to the system
and humidity will tend to change the discharge
current. For example, the rise time of the discharge
current varies with the approach speed.
R
RR
S
SS
C
CC
S
SS
RS and RV add up to 330Ω for IEC1000-4-2.
RR
andandRR
S S
i ➙
30A
15A
0A
Figure 9. ESD Test Waveform for IEC1000-4-2
R
RR
V
VV
SW2
SW2SW2
add up to 330add up to 330ΩΩ f for IEC1000-4-2.or IEC1000-4-2.
V V
t=0nst=30ns
t ➙
Device
Under
Test
The Contact Discharge Method applies the ESD
current directly to the EUT. This method was
devised to reduce the unpredictability of the ESD
arc. The discharge current rise time is constant
since the energy is directly transferred without the
air-gap arc. In situations such as hand held systems,
the ESD charge can be directly discharged to the
equipment from a person already holding the
equipment. The current is transferred on to the
keypad or the serial port of the equipment directly
and then travels through the PCB and finally to the IC.
The circuit model in Figures 7 and 8 represent the
typical ESD testing circuit used for all three
methods. The CS is initially charged with the DC
power supply when the first switch (SW1) is on.
Now that the capacitor is charged, the second
switch (SW2) is on while SW1 switches off. The
voltage stored in the capacitor is then applied
through RS, the current limiting resistor, onto the
device under test (DUT). In ESD tests, the SW2
switch is pulsed so that the device under test
receives a duration of voltage.
10
Page 11
For the Human Body Model, the current limiting
resistor (RS) and the source capacitor (CS) are
1.5kΩ an 100pF, respectively. For IEC-1000-4-2,
the current limiting resistor (RS) and the source
capacitor (CS) are 330Ω an 150pF, respectively.
The RS-232 is a relatively slow data exchange
protocol, with a maximum baud rate of only
20kbps, which can be transmitted over a
maximum copper wire cable length of 50 feet.
The SP207E through SP213E Series of data
communications interface products have been
The higher CS value and lower RS value in the
IEC1000-4-2 model are more stringent than the
designed to meet both the EIA protocol
standards, and the needs of the industry.
Human Body Model. The larger storage capacitor
injects a higher voltage to the test point when SW2
is switched on. The lower current limiting resistor
increases the current charge onto the test point.
EIA STANDARDS
The Electronic Industry Association (EIA)
developed several standards of data transmission
which are revised and updated in order to meet
the requirements of the industry. In data
processing, there are two basic means of
communicating between systems and components.
The RS--232 standard was first introduced in
1962 and, since that time, has become an
industry standard.
DEVICE PIN HUMAN BODY IEC1000-4-2
TESTED MODEL Air Discharge Direct Contact Level
Driver Outputs +15kV +15kV +8kV 4
Receiver Inputs
Table 3. Transceiver ESD Tolerance Levels
SpecificationRS–232DRS–423ARS–422RS–485RS–562
Mode of OperationSingle–EndedSingle–EndedDifferentialDifferentialSingle–Ended
No. of Drivers and Receivers1 Driver1 Driver1 Driver32 Drivers1 Driver
Allowed on One Line1 Receiver10 Receivers10 Receivers32 Receivers1 Receiver
Maximum Cable Length50 feet4,000 feet4,000 feet4,000 feetC ≤ 2,500pF @ <20Kbps;
Maximum Data Rate20Kb/s100Kb/s10Mb/s10Mb/s64Kb/s
Driver output Maximum Voltage±25V±6V–0.25V to +6V–7V to +12V–3.7V to +13.2V
Driver Output Signal Level
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers ..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
RS232 Transceivers with Low–Power Shutdown and Tri–state Enable:
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers ..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
RS232 Transceivers with Low–Power Shutdown, Tri–state Enable, andWake–Up Function:
Model .................... Drivers .......................... Receivers ..................................... Temperature Range .................................Package Type
SP213ECA ................. 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ............................ 0°C to +70°C ............................................... 28–pin SSOP
SP213ECT ................. 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ............................ 0°C to +70°C ................................................ 28–pin SOIC
SP213EEA ................. 4 ................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ........................ –40°C to +85°C............................................... 28–pin SSOP
SP213EET ................. 4................. 5, with 2 active in Shutdown ........................ –40°C to +85°C ................................................ 28–pin SOIC
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereing; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.