14.4Repairing soldered joints
15DEFINITIONS
16LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
1996 Oct 092
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
1FEATURES
• Input data fully compliant with the Transport Stream
(TS) definition of the MPEG-2 systems specification
• Input data signals; [Forward Error Correction (FEC)
Interface]
– modem data input bus (8-bit wide)
– valid input data indicator
– erroneous packet indicator
– first packet byte indicator
– byte strobe signal (for asynchronous mode only).
The interface can be programmed to one of two modes:
– Asynchronous mode; byte strobe input signal
(MBCLK) < 9 MHz, for connection to a modem (FEC)
– Synchronous mode; MBCLK is not used. Data is
delivered to the descrambler synchronized with the
chip clock (DCLK) [9 MHz (typ.) with a 33% duty
cycle].
• No external memory
• Effective bit rate; f
• Control interface; 8-bit multiplexed data/address,
memory mapped I/O (90CE201 microcontroller parallel
bus compatible), in combination with a microcontroller
interrupt signal (IRQ)
• Output ports are identical to the input data interface
(demultiplexer interface)
– except for the packet error indicator (MB/MB), as the
descrambler translates an active MB signal to the
‘transport_error_indicator’ bit in the transport stream
– except for the byte strobe input signal (MBCLK), as
data is delivered to the demultiplexer, synchronized
with the descrambler chip clock which is generated
by the demultiplexer
≤ 72 MHz
bit
• Descrambler, based on the super descrambler
mechanism algorithm with stream decipher and block
decipher. The descrambler is initialized with a 64-bit
Control Word (CW) at the beginning of a transport
stream packet payload of a selected Packet
Identification (PID). The descrambler operates on
transport stream packet or Packetized Elementary
Stream (PES) packet payloads
• Microcontroller support; only for control, no specific
descrambling tasks are performed by the
microcontroller. However, parsing and processing of
conditional access information (such as EMM and ECM
data) is left to the system microcontroller
• Boundary scan test port for boundary scan.
2GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The SAA7206H (DVB compliant) is designed for use in
MPEG-2 based digital TV receivers, incorporating
conditional access filters. Such receivers are to be
implemented in, for instance, a digital video broadcasting
top set box, or an integrated digital TV receiver.
An example of a demultiplexer/descrambler system
configuration, containing a channel decoder module, a
demultiplexer, a system controller and a conditional
access system is shown in Fig.3. The main function of the
descrambler is to descramble the payloads of MPEG-2 TS
packets or PES packets. In addition, the descrambler
retrieves Conditional Access (CA) data [such as
Entitlement Management Messages (EMM) and
Entitlement Control Messages (ECM) etc.] from the stream
and passes it to the system microcontroller for processing.
DAT77I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 7
DAT68I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 6
DAT59I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 5
V
SSD1(core)
V
DDD2
DAT412I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 4
DAT313I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 3
DAT214I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 2
DAT115I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 1
DAT016I/Omicrocontroller bidirectional data bus bit 0
V
SSD2
TDI18Iboundary scan test data input
TCK19Iboundary scan test clock input
TMS20Iboundary scan test mode select input
V
DDD3
DCLK22I9 MHz descrambler chip clock input (duty cycle range: 30 to 55%)
V
SSD3
DATO024Odata output to demultiplexer bit 0
DATO125Odata output to demultiplexer bit 1
V
DDD4
V
SSD4
DATO228Odata output to demultiplexer bit 2
DATO329Odata output to demultiplexer bit 3
DATO430Odata output to demultiplexer bit 4
DATO531Odata output to demultiplexer bit 5
V
DDD5
V
SSD5
DATO634Odata output to demultiplexer bit 6
DATO735Odata output to demultiplexer bit 7
V
DDD(core)
TDO37Oboundary scan test data output
DVO38Ovalid output data indicator
SYNCO39Oindicates the first output byte (sync) of a transport packet
2GNDdigital ground 1
6supplydigital supply voltage 1 (+5 V)
10GNDdigital ground 1 for core
11supplydigital supply voltage 2 (+5 V)
17GNDdigital ground 2
21supplydigital supply voltage 3 (+5 V)
23GNDdigital ground 3
26supplydigital supply voltage 4 (+5 V)
27GNDdigital ground 4
32supplydigital supply voltage 5 (+5 V)
33GNDdigital ground 5
36supplydigital supply voltage for core (+3.3 V)
1996 Oct 095
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
SYMBOLPINI/ODESCRIPTION
OE40Ioutput enable (active LOW), if HIGH, device outputs are high impedance,
(connected to logic 0 in normal operation)
V
DDD6
V
SSD2(core)
MSYNC43Iindicates the first input byte (sync) of a transport packet
MDV44Ivalid input data indicator
MB/MB45Ipacket error indicator input (programmable polarity)
TRST46Iboundary scan reset input (LOW in normal operation)
MIN747I8-bit wide modem data input bit 7
MIN648I8-bit wide modem data input bit 6
MIN549I8-bit wide modem data input bit 5
MIN450I8-bit wide modem data input bit 4
V
DDD7
V
SSD6
MIN353I8-bit wide modem data input bit 3
MIN254I8-bit wide modem data input bit 2
MIN155I8-bit wide modem data input bit 1
MIN056I8-bit wide modem data input bit 0
V
DDD8
V
SSD7
MBCLK59Ibyte strobe input signal < 9 MHz
TC060Itest control input 0 (not connected in normal operation)
TC161Itest control input 1 (not connected in normal operation)
POR62Ipower-on reset, must be active HIGH during at least 5 DCLK pulses
W63Iread/write input selection
R/
V
DDD9
41supplydigital supply voltage 6 (+5 V)
42GNDdigital ground 2 for core
51supplydigital supply voltage 7 (+5 V)
52GNDdigital ground 6
57supplydigital supply voltage 8 (+5 V)
58GNDdigital ground 7
A block diagram of the internal structure of the
descrambler (DVB compliant) is illustrated in Fig.1.
The block diagram illustrates the main functional modules
in the descrambler. The modules are as follows:
• The MPEG-2 syntax parser, which parses transport
streams that comply with the MPEG-2 systems
specification
• The descrambler module consisting of:
– A Packet Identification (PID) bank containing 6 PID
values of the streams selected for descrambling.
All bits of PID5 (address 0x0205) can be masked
individually with PID5_mask (address 0x0209), to
enable multiple PID selection.
– A Control Word (CW) bank containing 6 CW pairs
and a default CW. A CW pair consists of
2 descrambler control words (odd and even), each
word with a length of 64 bits.
– The descrambler core containing the actual
descrambler with the stream cipher and the block
cipher module.
• A microcontroller interface providing protocol handling
for the memory mapped I/O control bus
(Philips 90CE201 compatible). This module contains an
interrupt request handler and data filters for the retrieval
of Conditional Access (CA) information:
• The CA filters select data on the basis of PIDs, and a
combination of MPEG-2 section addressing fields.
Selected CA data is stored in eighteen 256 byte
(constrained random access) buffers which can be read
by the microcontroller. The CA message section has a
maximum length of 256 bytes. It consists of a 3 bytes
long header with Table_id and section_length data.
The remaining part of the CA message are the
CA_data_bytes (see Fig.4). If a section is longer than
256 bytes, the data capture is stopped (with an interrupt
to the microcontroller) after 256 bytes are in the buffer
and the ‘section_to_long’ bit is set. The filters are
capable of monitoring 18 CA streams (containing EMM
and ECM data) simultaneously. Two different lengths
are used for address filtering:
– 16 filters where the first 7 bytes of the CA_data_bytes
field are used for address filtering
– 2 (DVB compliant) filters where the first 17 bytes of
the CA_data_bytes field are used for address filtering
– A chip identification byte (value 0x02) can be read by
the software from address 0x0003 (see Table 10).
handbook, full pagewidth
CONDITIONAL
ACCESS
SYSTEM
DEMODULATOR
AND
FORWARD ERROR
CORRECTOR
MICRO-
CONTROLLER
DESCRAMBLER
(SAA7206H)
Fig.3 Demultiplexer system configuration.
1996 Oct 098
DVB
DEMULTIPLEXER
(SAA7205)
MGG314
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
handbook, full pagewidth
table_idreservedsection length byte 0 byte 1
section header
(3 bytes)
7 or 17 bytes
of filtering
CA_data_bytes
[253 bytes (max.)]
section payload
[253 bytes (max.)]
MGG316
Fig.4 Syntax of the conditional access message.
Table 1 Explanation of Fig.4
SYNTAXDESCRIPTION
Table_id8-bit field for identification
Reserved4-bit field with section_syntax_indicator (1 bit), DVB_reserved (1 bit) and ISO_reserved (2 bits)
Section_length12-bit field that specifies the number of bytes that follow the section_length field up to the end of
the section
CA_data_byte8-bit field that carries private CA information. Up to the first 17 CA_data_bytes may be used for
address filtering
1996 Oct 099
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
7.1MPEG-2 systems parsing
The descrambler receives data from a Forward Error
Correction (FEC) decoder (see Fig.5) in a digital TV
receiver, in the following input data format:
• 8 data bits via MIN7 to MIN0.
• A valid input data indicator signal (MDV), which is HIGH
for consecutive valid bytes and output by either a FEC
decoder or a descrambler. Consequently the
descrambler input data is allowed to have a ‘bursty’
nature.
• A transport packet error indicator (
HIGH for the duration of each 188 byte transport packet
in which the FEC decoder found more errors than it
could correct. The polarity (active HIGH or LOW) of the
error indicator is programmable [bit ‘Bad_polarity’
(see Table 10, address 0x0100)].
• A packet sync signal (MSYNC) which goes HIGH at the
start of the first byte of a transport packet. Only the rising
edge of MSYNC is used for synchronization, the exact
HIGH time of the signal is therefore irrelevant.
• A byte strobe signal (MBCLK; < 9 MHz) which indicates
consecutive data bytes in the input stream, in the non
9 MHz mode only [bit ‘9 MHz_interface’ = 0
(see Table 10, address 0x0100)]. MBCLK is used as an
enable signal, and transport stream input bytes are
sampled on its rising edges. If the input interface is
programmed to the 9 MHz mode
(‘9 MHz_interface’ = 1), the MBCLK signal is ignored
and bytes are latched on rising edges of the DCLK.
• A descrambler clock signal (DCLK; 9 MHz; duty cycle
range 30 to 55%) which is the processing clock for the
descrambler IC. If rising edges of this signal are used to
input data to the descrambler, the 9 MHz mode must be
programmed (bit ‘9 MHz_interface’ = 1, see Table 10,
address 0x0100).
MB/MB) which is
The hierarchical multiplex level below the MPEG-2
transport stream is the packetized elementary stream.
The PES header is only parsed partially by the DVB
descrambler to locate its scrambling control bits. Parsing is
performed for all incoming transport packets, and the
parser is synchronized to a rising edge on its MSYNC
input. A microcontroller can compose a set of 6 PIDs by
programming the appropriate registers in the PID filter
bank within the descrambler.
These PIDs identify the packets of the streams that are to
be descrambled. All 13 bits of PID5 (see Table 10,
address 0x0205) can be individually enabled/disabled with
a mask of 13 bits (see Table 10, address 0x0209) to
enable multiple PID selection. The PIDs of PES scrambled
packets must be indicated by programming a logic 1 to the
corresponding bit of the ‘PIDi_is_pes’ word
(see Table 10, address 0x0206).
MPEG-2 multiplex fields which are related to CA
information, in so called sections, are parsed only partly.
CA sections containing for instance Entitlement
Management Messages (EMM) and Entitlement Control
Messages (ECM) etc. are retrieved from the stream and
stored in 256 byte buffers in the CA filter module. For the
selection of CA data, 18 additional PIDs and section
header information (table_id, address field, both with bit
masks) can be programmed. All 13 bits of PID filters
16 and 17 can be individually enabled/disabled with a
mask of 13 bits (see Table 10, addresses 0x03A6
and 0x03BA) to enable multiple PID selection for CA
messages. A microcontroller may access data in the
256 byte CA buffers (each filter has its own buffer thus
18 in total) for software based parsing and processing.
The parser module in the descrambler parses transport
streams compliant to the MPEG-2 systems syntax.
MPEG-2 systems specifies a hierarchical two-level
multiplex (see Fig.6). The top hierarchical level is the
transport stream, consisting of relatively short (188 byte)
transport packets. Each transport packet consists of a
4 byte transport header, an optional adaptation field and a
payload. The transport header contains a 13-bit PID field.
The adaptation field may contain Program Clock
Reference (PCR) data and transport private data, among
others. Both transport header and optional adaptation
fields are parsed by the TS parser module.
1996 Oct 0910
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
8
handbook, full pagewidth
FEC
MBCLK
MIN7 to MIN0
MBCLK
MDV
MB/MB
MSYNC
DESCRAMBLER
DCLK
MIN7 to MIN0
MSYNC
MDV
MB/MB
MB/MB
handbook, full pagewidth
transport
stream
messageinvalid data
error-free transport packet (programmable polarity)
erroneous transport packet
messageinvalid data
Fig.5 Signal constellation FEC decoder - descrambler Interfacing.
MGG317
packetized
elementary
stream
elementary
stream
= transport_header= pes_header= stuffing
Fig.6 MPEG-2 two level hierarchical demultiplexing.
1996 Oct 0911
MGG318
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
7.2PES level descrambling
PES level descrambling is possible in accordance with the
recommendations of the DVB standard with the DVB
descrambler IC. The actual restrictions however, required
by the DVB descrambler IC, are less strict than to the
recommendations in the DVB standard. The restrictions
for PES level descrambling imposed by the IC are as
follows:
• Scrambling shall only occur at one level (TS or PES) and
is not allowed to occur at both levels simultaneously
• The complete PES header must be present in exactly
one TS packet. Consequently, the size of a PES packet
header shall not exceed 184 bytes
• Only the PES packet data bytes (PES payload) are
descrambled
• TS packets resulting from scrambling at PES level are
not chained and thus are independent. Consequently,
the internal descrambler algorithms (stream decipher
and block decipher) are initialized at the start of each
(PES scrambled) TS packet payload.
In order to be able to distinguish between sections and
PES packets, a PID for a PES scrambled packet is
indicated by programming the according ‘PIDi_is_pes’ bit
(see Table 10, address 0x0206) to logic 1. If the
payload_unit_start_indicator bit is set in the TS packet
header and the ‘PIDi_is_pes’ bit is set for a particular PID,
the PES scrambling control bits, which are present in the
PES header, are stored in the accessible ‘pes_sc_PIDi’
register (see Table 10, address 0x0208).
Descrambling at TS level always has priority over
descrambling at PES level. Consequently, PES level
descrambling is only possible when the
transport_scrambling_control bits in the TS header are
‘00’. In that situation the payload of the PES packets is
descrambled using the scrambling control bits of the
‘pes_sc_PIDi’ register.
Remark: PID masking (for PID5) should not be combined
with PES level descrambling. Only one pair of PES
scrambling control bits per PID is stored in an Internal
register. Thus interleaving of PES messages, which can
occur in the situation of multiple PID selection, can give the
wrong descrambling result. As a consequence the
microcontroller must program the ‘PID5_is_pes’ bit
(see Table 10, address 0x0206) to logic 0 when multiple
PID selection is used.
7.3Descrambler core
The descrambler core consists of three modules:
• A PID filter which selects packets for descrambling
• A control word bank containing 6 sets (odd and even) of
control words and a Default Control Word (DCW)
• The super descrambler core with the implementation of
the stream decipherment and the block decipherment
algorithms.
The PID filter contains 6 registers which hold data in the
format indicated in Fig.7. Six individual PIDs are stored to
identify 6 packet streams. All bits of PID5 (see Table 10,
address 0x0205) can be masked with the ‘PID5_mask’
(see Table 10, address 0x209), to enable descrambling on
multiple PIDs. To disable a bit of PID5 with the
‘PID5_mask’ a logic 0 must be programmed. After a
power-on reset pulse all mask bits are preset to logic 1.
To each PID a 3-bit Control Word Pair Index pointer
(CWPI) is attached. A CWPI prescribes which control word
pair, consisting of odd and even control words, has to be
used to initialize the DVB descrambler for payloads of
packets with the associated PID. After a power-on reset all
CWPIs are set to ‘111’ to enable a correct initialization of
the conditional access system.
If two or more programmed PIDs match the PID of the TS
packet at the same time (while the CWPI value of the
programmed PIDs is not equal to ‘110’ or ‘111’), the
programmed PID with the lower index number has a higher
priority. However, the default control word, when enabled,
has the highest priority.
Thus, the built-in priority (HIGH-to-LOW transition) for the
programmed PIDs is; DCW, PID0, PID1, PID2, PID3, PID4
and PID5.
A 2-bit scrambling_control field is present in the TS packet
header and in the PES header (ts_sc1 and ts_sc0 and
pes_sc1 and pes_sc0 respectively). The bits in this
header field indicate whether the TS packet or PES
payload is scrambled or not. In addition, these bits also
indicate which control word (odd or even) of a control word
pair was used to initialize the DVB descrambler, as
indicated in Tables 2 and 3.
1996 Oct 0912
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
If the payload of a packet is descrambled, the descrambler
subsequently resets the scrambling_control bits in the TS
or PES header (to ‘00’). For each of the 6 PIDs in the PID
filter bank the values of the TS scrambling_control bits are
stored in a microcontroller accessible register, prior to
descrambling [bits: ‘ts_sc_PIDi1’ and ‘ts_sc_PIDi0’;
(see Table 10, address 0x0208), ‘i’ is in the range 5 to 0].
For each of the 6 PIDs in the PID filter bank, of which the
corresponding PIDi_is_pes bit (see Table 10,
address 0x0206) is also set to logic 1, the values of the
PES scrambling_control bits are stored in a
microcontroller accessible register, prior to descrambling
[bits:‘pes_sc_PIDi1’ and ‘pes_sc_PIDi0’ (see Table 10,
address 0x0208) ‘i’ is in the range 5 to 0]. TS and PES
scrambling_control retrieval is independent of the value of
the CWPI.
Table 2 Definition of the bits in the PES
scrambling_control field
VALUEDESCRIPTION
00data is not scrambled
01data is not scrambled
10data is scrambled with the EVEN control
word
11data is scrambled with the ODD control
word
Remark: The payloads of packets with TS
scrambling_control bits equal to ‘01’ are descrambled
using the default control word, regardless of their PID
and/or CWPI values. Thus, even PIDs which are not
programmed in the PID filter bank are descrambled with
the DCW should transport_scrambling_control = ‘01’.
For PIDs in the PID filter bank, if
transport_scrambling_control = ‘01’, the payload is
descrambled with the default control word, regardless of
the value of the associated CWPI. If the default CW is
invalid however [‘DCW_valid’ = 0 (see Table 10,
address 0x0206)], DCW based descrambling is disabled.
Descrambling using the DCW is only possible on TS
packet level.
The control word bank contains storage space for 6 control
word pairs and a default control word. A control word pair
consists of 2 CWs and an odd and even CW, as indicated
in Table 4. A control word contains 64 bits. In conjunction
with the control word selection mechanism given in
Table 4, the CW bank allows any CW pair to be used with
any PID. All PIDs may, therefore, use their own specific
CW pair, but all of them may also share one CW pair.
The super descrambler algorithm is implemented in the
core of the descrambler. Descrambling is performed on
the payload of a transport packet or a PES. The transport
header, the (optional) adaptation field and the PES header
are excepted.
Table 3 Definition of the bits in the TS
scrambling_control field
VALUEDESCRIPTION
00data is not scrambled
01data is scrambled with the default control
word
10data is scrambled with the EVEN control
word
11data is scrambled with the ODD control
word
1996 Oct 0913
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
Table 4 Descrambler control word storage; see Table 10
CONTROL WORD (128 BITS)ADDRESS
Control word 0 oddControl word 0 even0x1000 to 0x1007
Control word 1 oddControl word 1 even0x1008 to 0x100F
Control word 2 oddControl word 2 even0x1010 to 0x1017
Control word 3 oddControl word 3 even0x1018 to 0x101F
Control word 4 oddControl word 4 even0x1020 to 0x1027
Control word 5 oddControl word 5 even0x1028 to 0x102F
Default control word−0x1030 to 0x1033
handbook, full pagewidth
See Table 10 for details.
15
PID_0
PID_5
15
15
15
15
12 11
121211
13
6721
PID5_is_pes to PID0_is_pes
ts_sc_PID5[1..0] to ts_sc_PID0[1..0]
pes_sc_PID5[1..0] to pes_sc_PID0[1..0]
PID5_mask
3
2
CWPI_0
CWPI_5
DCW_valid
MGG319
Fig.7 Syntax and definition of PID and control word pair Index.
0
0x0200 - W
0x0205 - W
0
0x0206 - W
0x0207 - R
0x0208 - R
0x0209 - W
Table 5 CWPI values; see Fig.7
CWPI VALUEDESCRIPTION
0 0 0select control word pair 0
0 0 1select control word pair 1
0 1 0select control word pair 2
0 1 1select control word pair 3
1 0 0select control word pair 4
1 0 1select control word pair 5
1 1 0DO NOT descramble
1 1 1DO NOT descramble
1996 Oct 0914
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
7.4Microcontroller interface
The microcontroller interface provides a means of
communication between a system controller (for instance
“Philips 90CE201”
) in a digital TV receiver and the
descrambler internal registers and buffers. The physical
interface consists of:
• DAT7 to DAT0; an 8-bit wide bidirectional data bus.
Data and address information are multiplexed on this
bus.
• DCS; an active LOW chip select signal.
The descrambler only responds to microcontroller
communication if this signal is driven LOW.
W; an active HIGH read signal, indicating that the
• R/
microcontroller is attempting to read data from registers
or buffers inside the descrambler. If this signal is LOW,
data is being written to registers or buffers inside the
descrambler.
• A1 and A0; a 2-bit address bus. If the least significant
address bit (0) is logic 0, the most significant byte of a
16-bit register is addressed, otherwise the least
significant byte is selected. If the most significant
address bit (1) is logic 1 DAT7 to DAT0 carries the
address information, otherwise it will carry control data.
• IRQ; an active LOW (open-drain output) interrupt
request signal. An interrupt is set if one of the15 bits in
the descramblers internal interrupt register is set.
The interrupt mechanism consists of three 15-bit
registers and one 4-bit register, as illustrated in Fig.8.
The interrupt status register enables the microcontroller
to monitor the momentary status of the interrupts.
This is particularly useful during read operations in the
descramblers CA buffers, as the interrupt status bits in
question [‘flt0_stat’, ‘flt1_stat’, etc. (see Table 10,
addresses 0x0002 and 0x0004)] are reset when the
buffers have been emptied or released.
The interrupt mask register (see Table 10,
address 0x0001) prevents individual interrupts from
resetting IRQ (to logic 0). The interrupt status bits are
logically ANDed with the mask. If a rising edge occurs on
one of the resulting signals, it is latched into the interrupt
register, thus resetting IRQ.
handbook, halfpage
The interrupt register is reset when addressed.
0x0002/0x0004
(read only)
19-bit status
0x0001
(write only)
15-bit mask
0x0000
(read/write)
15-bit interrupt
IRQ
momentary status of the
individual interrupt bits
enables/disables
individual interrupts
latched interrupts, indicating
which interrupt(s) set IRQ
MGG320
Fig.8Descrambler version 3, microcontroller
interrupt mechanism.
Table 6 Definition of interrupt mechanism; see Fig.8
BIT NUMBERMEANING OF INTERRUPT
0filter 0 retrieved CA data
1filter 1 retrieved CA data
2filter 2 retrieved CA data
3filter 3 retrieved CA data
4filter 4 retrieved CA data
5filter 5 retrieved CA data
6filter 6 retrieved CA data
7filter 7 retrieved CA data
8filter 8 retrieved CA data
9filter 9 retrieved CA data
10filter 10 retrieved CA data
11filter 11 retrieved CA data
12filter 12 retrieved CA data
13filter 13 retrieved CA data
14filter 14, 15, 16 or 17 retrieved
CA data
15empty
1996 Oct 0915
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
The interrupt register itself is reset
(to 0000000000000000) as soon as it is addressed
(0x0000) by the microcontroller.
A typical example of communication between
microcontroller and descrambler is illustrated in Fig.9.
The descrambler contains an auto increment address
counter which can be loaded by performing a write
address operation. The present operation, whether read or
write, is now performed on the current address. The next
operation, whether read or write, is performed on the
current address plus 1.
Remark: Avoid resetting the auto increment address
counter to 0x0000, when not handling interrupts, as
addressing it causes the interrupt register to be reset.
Consequently, interrupt information might be lost.
The descrambler internal register and buffer addresses
are organized as illustrated in Fig.10. The first 4 address
bits (15 to 12) are used to select either the descrambler
registers (equals 0) or one of the descrambler buffers
(ranges 1 and 2).
In the buffer mode, the remaining address bits (11 to 0) are
part of the word address (range depending on the buffer,
see Table 10). In the register mode, bits 11 to 8 specify
the register unit number (see Fig.10). The remaining 8 bits
of the address (7 to 0) indicate specific register addresses
within a selected unit. The address range in a specific
register unit depends on the number of registers present
and is different for each unit. For details refer to Table 10.
The CA filter module in the microcontroller interface unit is
capable of accessing general CA messages (ECM and
EMM, etc.) in the transport stream. The CA filter module
consists of 18 filters and 18 buffers of 256 bytes each,
thus each filter has its own data buffer. The 18 filters are
divided into two types of filters, which are specified in
Table 9. For each filter the ‘table_id’ of the section (the first
byte of the section see Fig.9), can be masked.
The architecture of the 9 CA filter pairs is shown in Fig.11.
handbook, full pagewidth
A1
A0
R/W
DCS
DAT7 to
DAT0
The descrambler internal register address is incremented automatically.
MSByteLSByteMSByteLSByteMSByteLSByte
>666 ns>666 ns
write address Nread data @ Nwrite data @ N+1
>24 ns
MGG321
Fig.9 Microcontroller descrambler communication (example).
1996 Oct 0916
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
Table 7 Buffer contents
BUFFER NUMBERBUFFER CONTENTS
handbook, halfpage
(1)
(2)
if 0, registers are addressed,
if >0, buffers are addressed
register unit number, range 0 to 3
individual register addresses,
range depending on the unit
number
1CW bank
2CA data buffers for filters 0 to 15
3CA data buffers for filters
16 and 17
Table 8 Unit contents
0 x H H H H
(1) See Table 7.
(2) See Table 8.
MGG322
REGISTER UNIT
NUMBER
0interrupt request handling control
1parser input control
UNIT CONTENTS
2PID filter bank control
Fig.10 Descrambler, register organization
3CA filtering control
(see Table 10).
Table 9 Specification of the number of CA_data_bytes which can be used for address filtering in the three types of
filters in the CA filter module (all bits in the filter can be masked individually)
FILTER NUMBERNUMBER OF FILTERSFILTER LENGTH (BYTES)PID MASKABLE
Filters 0 to 15167no
Filters 16 and 17
217yes
(DVB compliant)
The filter consists of 18 section detectors. Each section
detector selects and retrieves section data for
CA_messages on the basis of:
• PID; which is maskable only for filters 16 and 17
• Table_id; which is maskable for all filters
• For filters 0 to 15; the first 7 bytes in the section payload,
which are maskable for all filters (see Fig.4)
• For filters 16 and 17; the first 17 bytes in the section
payload, which are maskable
• For all filters (see Fig.4).
The maximum section length of a conditional access
message is 256 bytes. If the section length of a message
is higher, data acquisition into the buffer is stopped after
256 bytes and an interrupt signal (plus filter fired signal) is
generated as normal. In this (erroneous) situation the
‘section_to_long’ bit of the filter is also set, which can be
read by the microcontroller (see Table 10).
The CA filters allow retrieval of multiple consecutive CA
messages, even if these messages have identical
selection criteria. For this purpose the 18 filters are
grouped in 9 filter pairs (0 and 1, 2 and 3 to 16 and 17).
Each of the CA filters in a pair can be programmed
The CA data detected by a certain filter is stored in the
256 byte buffer, only if its buffer is empty. As soon as an
entire section of CA data is stored, an interrupt is
generated (see Table 10, address 0x0000).
The 18 section detectors can be separately enabled, to
avoid unnecessary interrupts. The ‘filter fired’ registers
enable the microcontroller to track which filter caused a
buffer to be loaded (see Table 10, addresses 0x0300 and
0x0301).
equivalently. To prevent two filters from firing at the same
time the ‘equal conditions’ bits of the appropriate filter pair
can be programmed to logic 1. As a result, the filter with
the even (equals lowest) index number (for instance
filter_8 of filter pair 8 and 9) fires at the first occurrence of
a matching section. If, at the time of the second occurrence
of a matching section, the buffer of the filter with the even
index number is still occupied, the other filter (with odd
index number) of a filter pair fires, thus storing the section
data in its buffer.
1996 Oct 0917
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
If the microcontroller decides to read data from one of the
CA buffers (see Table 10, address range filter_0:
0x2000 to 0x207F to filter_17: 0x2880 to 0x28FF) it can
determine when to stop reading in two ways. It can
periodically poll the ‘flt0_stat’ to ‘flt17_stat’ bits in the
interrupt status register (see Table 10, address 0x0002
and 0x0004). Each of these bits goes LOW as soon as the
last valid section data is read from the associated CA
buffer.
Another possibility is to read the ‘high_flt_address’ word
(‘haddr7 to 0’, Table 10, addresses 0x0302 to 0x0313).
The high address indicates the number of valid section
words (1 word = 2 bytes) that were written into the buffer.
This number equals the number of read cycles that has to
be performed to retrieve all valid data from the buffer.
If the buffer contents have to be removed without being
read, the microcontroller can write a logic 1 to the
‘rst_bf17-0’ bit (see Table 10, address 0x0314 and
0x0315) thus releasing the buffer. Another possibility is to
perform a write address operation with a value of
haddr7 to haddr0 plus buffer base address. The internal
auto increment address counter is thus set to the last word
in the buffer, causing the interrupt status bit to be reset and
the filters to be reactivated, after having been idle during
buffer emptying.
7.5Output interfacing
The output data stream consists of a sequence of bytes.
A new byte is present at the data output pins
DATO7 to DATO0 at each rising edge of the descrambler
chip clock DCLK. The control signals SYNCO and DVO
are a delayed (9 MHz) version of the input interface signals
MSYNC and MDV respectively. By this form of delay
correction the relationship between the data and control
signals is maintained.
The
MB/MB and MBCLK signals are not output to the
demultiplexer. The descrambler converts the
signal to the transport_error_indicator bit in the TS
packets. At the descrambler output all information is
consequently contained in the stream. MBCLK is only
used to clock data into the descrambler, interfacing to the
demultiplexer is performed using the 9 MHz DCLK, which
is generated by the demultiplexer.
7.6Boundary scan test
The DVB compliant descrambler is equipped with a 5-pins
test port interface for Boundary Scan Test (BST).
The implementation is in accordance with the BST
standard.
MB/MB
If, during the acquisition of a CA message, one of the TS
packets composing a message contains an error
(‘transport_error_indicator’ = ‘1’) the erroneous TS packet
is removed and CA message acquisition is restarted. Thus
the complete CA message is lost when at least one of the
TS packets which composes this message contains an
error. Duplicate TS packets containing CA messages are
also removed.
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134).
SYMBOLPARAMETERMIN.MAX.UNIT
V
DDD(pads)
V
DDD(core)
V
I
V
O
, I
I
DDD
I
i(max)
I
o(max)
P
tot
T
stg
T
amb
SSD
digital supply voltage for pads (+5 V)−0.5+6.5V
digital supply voltage for core (+3.3 V)−0.5+5.0V
DC input voltage−0.5V
DC output voltage;−0.5V
DC current; VDD or V
SS
−52mA
DDD
DDD
+ 0.5V
+ 0.5V
maximum input current−10+10mA
maximum output current−20+20mA
total power dissipation−250mW
storage temperature−65+150°C
operating ambient temperature070°C
9HANDLING
Inputs and outputs are protected against electrostatic discharges in normal handling. However, to be totally safe, it is
desirable to take normal precautions appropriate to handling integrated circuits.
Every pin withstands the ESD test in accordance with
“UZW-BO/FQ-B3020”
; 0 Ω, 200 pF Machine Model (300 V).
10 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSVALUEUNIT
R
th j-a
thermal resistance from junction to ambientin free air56K/W
11 DC CHARACTERISTICS
V
DDD(core)
= 3.3 V ±0.3 V; V
=5V±0.5 V; T
DDD
= 0 to 70 °C; unless otherwise specified.
amb
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMIN.MAX.UNIT
I
DDD(q)
I
DDD(core)
I
DDD(pads)
V
IL
V
IH
I
LI
V
OL
V
OH
quiescent supply currentV
digital operating current for
core
digital operating current for
pads
LOW level input voltage00.8V
HIGH level input voltage2.0V
input leakage currentVi= 0 V; T
input capacitance−5pF
byte strobe input cycle time
note 1111−ns
(asynchronous mode)
input clock rise time−10ns
input clock fall time−10ns
input clock HIGH time20−ns
input clock LOW time20−ns
input rise time−10ns
input fall time−10ns
input set-up time15−ns
input hold time5−ns
input capacitance−5pF
chip select cycle timesee also Fig.9111−ns
chip select rise time−10ns
chip select fall time−10ns
chip select HIGH time20−ns
chip select LOW time20−ns
input rise time−10ns
input fall time−10ns
input set-up time15−ns
input hold time5−ns
chip select LOW time in read mode240−ns
output rise time−10ns
output fall time−10ns
output delay time−30ns
output hold time5−ns
output low Z timenote 2330ns
output high Z timenote 2330ns
1996 Oct 0943
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMIN.MAX.UNIT
Output interface; (see Fig.13)
C
o
C
L
T
cy(DCLK)
t
o(r)(DCLK)
t
o(f)(DCLK)
t
DCLKH
t
DCLKL
t
o(r)
t
o(f)
t
o(h)
t
o(d)
Notes
1. In the synchronous mode all input signals are referenced to the descrambler clock which is specified in the output
interface part. In the asynchronous mode all input signals are referenced to the MBCLK.
2. Data output is low impedance when both (DCS = 0) AND (R/W = 1). t
signals which makes the data output low impedance. t
makes the data output high impedance.
output capacitance−10pF
output load capacitance−50pF
output clock cycle time (DCLK)111−ns
output clock rise time−10ns
output clock fall time−10ns
output clock HIGH time20−ns
output clock LOW time20−ns
output rise time−10ns
output fall time−10ns
output hold timeCL= 5 pF3−ns
output delay timeCL=30pF−40ns
is defined after the last change of both
oL(Z)
is defined after the first change of both signals which
oH(Z)
1996 Oct 0944
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
handbook, full pagewidth
(asynchronous mode)
(synchronous mode)
MIN 7 to MIN0
MBCLK
or
DCS
MDV
MB/MB
MSYNC
t
t
i(r)
i(r)(CLK)
t
su(i)
t
CLKH
T
t
h(i)
t
i(f)
cy(CLK)
t
i(f)(CLK)
Fig.12 Timing definition of the input interface signals.
t
CLKL
MGG324
handbook, full pagewidth
t
o(r)(DCLK)
DCS
DATO7 to DATO0
DVO
SYNCO
t
o(h)
t
o(r)
t
o(f)(DCLK)
t
DCLKH
t
o(d)
Fig.13 Timing definition of the output interface signals.
1996 Oct 0945
T
cy(DCLK)
t
o(f)
t
DCLKL
MGG325
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
handbook, full pagewidth
DCS
A1
A0
R/W
DAT0 to DAT7
t
r(CS)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
MSByte
t
i(r)
t
i(f)
t
CSH
t
h(i)
t
h(i)
t
h(i)
t
f(CS)
T
cy(CS)
t
CSL
t
i(r)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
LSByte
t
t
t
h(i)
h(i)
h(i)
t
i(f)
MGG326
Fig.14 Timing definition of the microcontroller interface signals (address write cycle).
1996 Oct 0946
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
handbook, full pagewidth
DCS
A1
A0
R/W
DAT0 to DAT7
t
r(CS)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
MSByte
t
i(r)
t
i(f)
t
CSH
t
h(i)
t
h(i)
t
h(i)
t
f(CS)
T
cy(CS)
t
CSL
t
i(f)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
t
su(i)
LSByte
t
t
t
h(i)
h(i)
h(i)
t
i(r)
MGG327
Fig.15 Timing definition of the microcontroller interface signals (data write cycle).
1996 Oct 0947
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
handbook, full pagewidth
DCS
A1
A0
R/W
DATA
t
f(CS)
t
o(h)
t
CSLr
t
su(i)
t
o(h)
t
o(d)
t
o(d)
t
r(CS)
LSByteMSByte
t
h(i)
t
oL(Z)
Fig.16 Timing definition of the microcontroller interface signals (read cycle).
1996 Oct 0948
t
o(r)
t
o(f)
t
oH(Z)
MGG328
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
13 PACKAGE OUTLINE
QFP64: plastic quad flat package; 64 leads (lead length 1.95 mm); body 14 x 20 x 2.8 mm
c
y
X
5133
52
pin 1 index
64
1
32
Z
e
w M
b
p
20
19
A
E
A
H
E
2
A
E
A
1
detail X
SOT319-2
Q
L
p
L
(A )
3
θ
w M
b
e
p
Z
D
D
H
D
0510 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions)
mm
A
max.
3.20
0.25
0.05
2.90
2.65
0.25
UNITA1A2A3b
cE
p
0.50
0.25
0.35
0.14
(1)
(1)(1)(1)
D
20.1
19.9
eH
H
14.1
13.9
24.2
1
23.6
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
OUTLINE
VERSION
IEC JEDEC EIAJ
REFERENCES
SOT319-2
1996 Oct 0949
D
B
v M
A
v M
B
LLpQZywv θ
E
18.2
17.6
1.0
0.6
1.4
1.2
0.20.10.21.95
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
Z
D
1.2
1.2
0.8
0.8
ISSUE DATE
E
o
7
o
0
92-11-17
95-02-04
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
14 SOLDERING
14.1Introduction
There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC
packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when
through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed
on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is
not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for
printed-circuits with high population densities. In these
situations reflow soldering is often used.
This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology.
A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in
our
“IC Package Databook”
14.2Reflow soldering
Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all QFP and
SO packages.
The choice of heating method may be influenced by larger
plastic QFP packages (44 leads, or more). If infrared or
vapour phase heating is used and the large packages are
not absolutely dry (less than 0.1% moisture content by
weight), vaporization of the small amount of moisture in
them can cause cracking of the plastic body. For more
information, refer to the Drypack chapter in our
Reference Manual”
Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of
fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied
to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or
pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement.
Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example,
thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary
between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating
method. Typical reflow temperatures range from
215 to 250 °C.
Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate
the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at
45 °C.
(order code 9397 750 00192).
(order code 9398 652 90011).
“Quality
If wave soldering cannot be avoided, the following
conditions must be observed:
• A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward
pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave)
soldering technique should be used.
• The footprint must be at an angle of 45° to the board
direction and must incorporate solder thieves
downstream and at the side corners.
Even with these conditions, do not consider wave
soldering the following packages: QFP52 (SOT379-1),
QFP100 (SOT317-1), QFP100 (SOT317-2),
QFP100 (SOT382-1) or QFP160 (SOT322-1).
14.3.2SO
Wave soldering techniques can be used for all SO
packages if the following conditions are observed:
• A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward
pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering
technique should be used.
• The longitudinal axis of the package footprint must be
parallel to the solder flow.
• The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves at
the downstream end.
14.3.3M
During placement and before soldering, the package must
be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be
applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe
dispensing. The package can be soldered after the
adhesive is cured.
Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and
maximum duration of package immersion in solder is
10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 °C within
6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C.
A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal
of corrosive residues in most applications.
ETHOD (QFP AND SO)
14.3Wave soldering
14.3.1QFP
Wave soldering is not recommended for QFP packages.
This is because of the likelihood of solder bridging due to
closely-spaced leads and the possibility of incomplete
solder penetration in multi-lead devices.
1996 Oct 0950
14.4Repairing soldered joints
Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron
(less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact
time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When
using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in
one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between
270 and 320 °C.
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
DVB compliant descramblerSAA7206H
15 DEFINITIONS
Data sheet status
Objective specificationThis data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development.
Preliminary specificationThis data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later.
Product specificationThis data sheet contains final product specifications.
Limiting values
Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or
more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation
of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification
is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.
16 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these
products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for
use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such
improper use or sale.
1996 Oct 0951
Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company
Argentina: see South America
Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113,
United States: 811 East Arques Avenue, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3409,
Tel. +1 800 234 7381
Uruguay: see South America
Vietnam: see Singapore
Yugoslavia: PHILIPS, Trg N. Pasica 5/v, 11000 BEOGRAD,
Tel. +381 11 625 344, Fax.+381 11 635 777
For all other countries apply to: Philips Semiconductors, Marketing & Sales Communications,
Building BE-p, P.O. Box 218, 5600 MD EINDHOVEN, The Netherlands, Fax. +31 40 27 24825
The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed
without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license
under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
Internet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com
Printed in The Netherlands537021/1200/02/pp52 Date of release: 1996Oct 09Document order number: 9397 750 01331
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