2/3/4/5-Phase PWM Controller for High-Density Power Supply
General Description
The RT8802A is a 2/3/4/5-pha se synchronous buck controller
specifically designed to power Intel
®
/ AMD next generation
microprocessors. It implements an internal 8-bit DAC that is
identified by VID code of microprocessor directly. R T8802A
generates VID table that conform to Intel® VRD10.x and
VRD11 core power with 6.25mV increments and 0.5%
accura cy.
RT8802A adopts innovative time-sharing DCR current sensing
technique to sense pha se currents for phase current bala nce,
load line setting and over current protection. Using a common
GM to sense all pha se currents eliminates offset and line arity
variation between GMs in conventional current sensing
methods. As sub-milli-ohm-grade inductors are widely used
in modern motherboards, slight offset and linearity mismatch
will cause considerable current shift between pha ses. This
technique ensures good current balance in ma ss production.
Other features include over current protection, programma ble
soft start, over voltage protection, and output off set setting.
RT8802A comes to a small footprint package with
VQF N-40L 6x6.
Ordering Information
RT8802A
Features
zz
5V Power Supply
z
zz
zz
z 2/3/4/5-Phase Power Conversion with Automatic
zz
Phase Selection
zz
z 8-bit VID Interface, Supporting Intel VR D11/V RD10.x
zz
and AMD K8, K8_M2 CPUs
zz
z VR_HOT and VR_FAN Indication
zz
zz
z Precision Core Voltage Regulation
zz
zz
z Power Stage Thermal Balance by DCR Current
zz
Sensing
zz
z Adjustable Soft-start
zz
zz
z Over-Voltage Protection
zz
zz
z Adjustable Frequency and Typical at 300kHz per
zz
Phase
zz
z Power Good Indication
zz
zz
z 40-Lead VQFN Package
zz
zz
z RoHS Compliant and 100% Lead (Pb)-Free
zz
Applications
®
z Intel
z Low Output Voltage, High power density DC-DC
z V oltage Regulator Modules
/AMD New generation microprocessor for Desktop
PC and Motherboard
Converters
Package Type
QV : VQFN-40L 6x6 (V-Type)
Operating Temperature Range
Pin Configurations
(TOP VIEW)
P : Pb Free with Commercial Standard
G : Green (Halogen Free with Commer-
VID_SEL
VID0
VID1
VID2
VID3
VID4
VID5
VID6
VID7
cial Standard)
Note :
Richtek Pb-free and Green products are :
`RoHS compliant and compatible with the current require ments of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
`Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes.
`100% matte tin (Sn) plating.
VTT/EN
VR_Ready
FBRTN
FB
COMP
SS
QRSEL
VR_FAN
VR_HOT
TSEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
IOUT
DVD
RT
OFS
GND
ADJ
IMAX
TCOC
VDD
31323334353637383940
30
PWM5
29
PWM4
28
PWM3
27
PWM2
26
PWM1
25
ISP1
24
ISP2
ISP3
23
41
22
ISP4
21
ISP5
20191817161514131211
ISN1
ISN24
ISN35
VQFN-40L 6x6
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
1
Page 2
RT8802A
Typical Application Circuit
1
CORE
V
L1
R43
NTC
C20
3.3nF
2.2
R35
Q4
C18
4.7uF
Q1Q2
Q3
4.7uF
4.7uF
C15 C16 C17
1200uF
IN
V
BTX_12V
R34
BTX_12V
R15
IPD09N03LA
1uF
C19
8
7
5
1
1N4148
10
C9
470pF
C7
5.6pF
C5
56nF
R17
R16
12k
LGATE
PHASE
UGATE
BOOT
RT9619
NC
VCC
PWM
4
2
3
C14
0.1uF
CPU_VCC
0
R20
R19
1.5k
C8
2.2nF
15k
R18
C6
R14
C4
IPS06N03LA
PGND
For AMD
BTX_5V
C25
C23 C24
C22
IN
V
6
BTX_12V
100
R27
BTX_5V
100k
R21
283029
PWM3
PWM2
PWM1
FB
542627
COMP
SS
16 6
TCOC
17
IMAX
13
RT
15
ADJ
VID_SEL
40373839363334
For Intel
VID_SEL
4.7uF
4.7uF
4.7uF
1200uF
35
V
470
R22
PWM4
VID0
VID0
R36
CORE
100k
R23
20
PWM5
VID1
VID1
1N4148
10
24
V
470
R24
0
19
ISN35
RT8802A
VID2
VID2
For K8
SS
V
CC
V
C26
1
CORE
100k
R25
2524232221
18
ISN1
ISN24
GND
VID3
VID4
35
VID3
VID4
For K8_M2
VDDIO
24
V
1uF
470
R26
VID5
ISP1
VID5
CORE
Q5Q6
BOOT
3
1
CORE
V
GND
8
VID6
UGATE
NC
ISP2
VID6
IPD09N03LA
C21
ISP3
VID7
VID7
560uF x 10
C41 to C50
C51 to C68
L2
R37
Q8
Q7
7
PHASE
RT9619
VCC
4
0.1uF
R29
R28
ISP4
ISP5
TSEN
IOUT
QRSEL
OFS
FBRTN
VR_Ready
VR_FAN
VR_HOT
VTT/EN
DVD
VDD
313212
10
R1
BTX_5V
10uF x 18
C27
2.2
5
LGATE
VIN
2
NC
NC
BTX_5V
C1
35
CORE
L3
V
3.3nF
3.3nF
4.7uF
Q9Q10
4.7uF
IPS06N03LA
0.1uF
PGND
R42
4.7uF
C32
1uF
C28 C29 C30C31
1200uF
IN
V
6
1uF
C13
1uF 1uF
C11 C12
C10
1uF
R8
C3
R7
10111982714
C69
3
R3
10k
R2
BTX_12V
1
BOOT
1N4148
R38
10
BTX_12V
R30R31 R32R33
510510 510510
0.1uF
9.52k
BTX_5V
NC
NC
R9
R13
R6
10k
R5
10k
R4
10k
1.1k
For Intel
For AMD
Enable
VTT
VDDIO
C33
2.2
R39
Q12
4.7uF
Q11
IPD09N03LA
8
7
5
LGATE
PHASE
UGATE
RT9619
NC
VCC
VIN
4
2
3
C27
0.1uF
BTX_5V
NC
R10
R11
PGOOD
C38
4.7uF
IPS06N03LA
PGND
NC
4.7uF
C39
1200uF
C35 C36 C37
IN
V
6
CPU_VSS
0
R12
1
1N4148
R40
10
BTX_12V
NTC
4.3k
10k
24
L4
RT2
RT1
CORE
V
3.3nF
C40
2.2
R41
Q16
Q13Q14
Q15
IPD09N03LA
IPS06N03LA
1uF
8
7
5
LGATE
PHASE
UGATE
BOOT
NC
3
C34
0.1uF
4
VCC
6
PGND
RT9619
VIN
2
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
2
Page 3
Functional Pin Description
RT8802A
VTT/EN (Pin 1)
The pin is defined as the chip enable, and the VTT is
applied f or internal VID pull high power a nd power sequence
monitoring.
VR_Ready (Pin 2)
Power good open-drain output.
FBRT N (Pin 3)
Feedback return pin. VID DAC and error a mplifier reference
for remote sensing of the output voltage.
FB (Pin 4)
Inverting input pin of the internal error a mplifier .
COMP (Pin 5)
Output pin of the error amplifier a nd input pin of the PWM
comparator.
SS (Pin 6)
Connect this SS pin to GND with a capacitor to set the
soft-start time interval.
IOUT (Pin 11)
Output current indication pin. The current through IOUT
pin is proportional to the total output current.
D V D (Pin 12)
Programma ble power UVLO detection input. Tri p threshold
is 1V at V
DVD
rising.
RT (Pin 13)
The pin is defined to set internal switching operation
frequency . Connect this pin to GN D with a resistor RRT to
set the frequency FSW.
9
F
SW
=
RT
e 4.463
3500R
+
OFS (Pin 14)
The pin is defined for load line offset setting.
ADJ (Pin 15)
Current sense output for active droop a djusting. Connect
a resistor from this pin to GN D to set the load droop.
QRSEL (Pin 7)
Quick response mode select pin. When QRSEL = GND
and quick response is triggered during he avy load to light
load transient, 2 channels will turn on simultaneously to
prevent V
undershoot. When QRSEL = NC and quick
OUT
response is triggered, all channels will turn on
simultaneously to prevent V
undershoot.
OUT
VR_F AN (Pin 8)
The pin is defined to signal VR thermal information for
external VR thermal dissipation scheme triggering.
VR_HOT (Pin 9)
The pin is defined to signal VR thermal information for
external VR thermal dissipation scheme triggering.
TSEN (Pin 10)
T emperature detect pin f or VR_HOT a nd VR_F AN.
TCOC (Pin 16)
Input pin for setting thermally compensated over current
trigger point. V oltage on the pin is compared with V
V
ADJ
> V
then OCP is triggered.
TCOC
ADJ
. If
IMAX (Pin 17)
The pin is defined to set threshold of over current.
ISN1 (Pin 18)
Current sense negative input pin for channel 1 current
sensing.
ISN24 (Pin 19)
Current sense negative input pins for channel 2 and
channel 4 current sensing.
ISN35 (Pin 20)
Current sense negative input pins for channel 3 and
channel 5 current sensing.
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
3
Page 4
RT8802A
ISP1 (Pin 25), ISP2 (Pin 24), ISP3 (Pin 23),
ISP4 (Pin 22), ISP5 (Pin 21)
Current sense positive input pins for individual converter
channel current sensing.
PWM outputs for ea ch driven channel. Connect these pins
to the PWM input of the MOSFET driver. For systems
which using 2/3/4 channels, pull PWM 3/4/5 pins up to
high.
V DD (Pin 31)
IC power supply . Connect this pin to a 5V supply.
(2) 1 : Open
(3) The voltage above are load independent for desktop and server platforms. For mobile platforms the voltage above
correspond to zero load current.
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
15
Page 16
RT8802A
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
z Supply V oltage, V
z Input, Output or I/O Voltage---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GND-0.3V to V
z Power Dissipation, P
z Junction T emperature------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 150°C
z Lead T e mperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)-------------------------------------------------------------------- 260°C
z Storage T emperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −65°C to 150°C
z ESD Susceptibility (Note 2)
HBM (Human Body Mode) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2kV
MM (Ma chine Mode)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200V
Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 3)
z Supply V oltage, V
z Junction T emperature Range--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 125°C
z Ambient T emperature Range--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 85°C
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
DD
+0.3V
V
Supply Current
DD
N ominal Supply Current IDD PWM 1,2,3,4,5 Open -- 12 16 mA
Power-On R eset
POR Threshold V
Hysteresis V
Trip (Low to High) V
V
Threshold
DVD
Hysteresis V
Trip (Low to High) V
VTT Threshold
Hysteresis V
VDD Rising 4.0 4.2 4.5 V
DDRTH
0.2 0.5 -- V
DDHYS
Enable 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
DVDTH
DVDHYS
TTTH
TTHYS
-- 60 -- mV
Enable 0.75 0.85 0.95
-- 0.1 --
V
Oscillator
Free Running Frequency f
Frequency Adjustable Range f
Ramp Amplitude ΔV
R
OSC
OSC_ADJ
50 -- 400 kHz
RRT = 20kΩ -- 1.9 -- V
OSC
= 20kΩ180 200 220 kHz
RT
Ramp Valley VRV 0.7 1.0 -- V
Maximum On-Time of Each Channel Four Phase Operation 45 50 55 %
RT Pin Voltage VRT R
= 20kΩ 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
RT
To be continued
16
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 17
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Reference and DAC
DACOUT Voltage Accuracy ΔV
DAC (VID0-VID125) Input Low
DAC (VID0-VID125) Input High
VID Pull-up Resistance
V
V
12 15 18
DAC
ILDAC
IHDAC
RT8802A
V
≥ 1V −0.5 -- +0.5 %
DAC
1V ≥ V
V
DAC
-- --
≥ 0.8V −5 -- +5 mV
DAC
< 0.8V −8 -- +8 mV
1/2V
TT
1/2V
TT
+ 0.2
-- -- V
− 0.2
V
kΩ
OFS Pin Voltage
R
V
OFS
= 100kΩ
OFS
0.9 1.0 1.1 V
Error Amplifier
DC Gain -- 65 -- dB
Gain-Bandwidth Product GBW -- 10 -- MHz
Slew Rate SR COMP = 10pF -- 8 --
V/μs
Current Sense GM Amplifier
CSN Full Scale Source Current
I
ISPFSS
CSN Current for OCP 150 -- --
100 -- --
μA
μA
Protection
Over-Voltage Trip (FB-DACOUT)
IMAX Voltage
ΔOVT
R
V
IMAX
IMAX
100 150 200 mV
= 20k
0.9 1.0 1.1 V
Power Good
Output Low Voltage
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for
stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
Note 2. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution recommended.
Note 3. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
Note 4. θ
is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25°C on the four layers high effective thermal conductivity test board
JA
of JEDEC 51-7 thermal measurement standard.
V
PGOODL
I
PGOOD
= 4mA
-- -- 0.2 V
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
17
Page 18
RT8802A
Typical Operating Characteristics
Frequency vs. R
700
600
500
400
300
200
Frequency ( kHz)
100
0
0 102030405060708090100
(kΩ)
RRT (kٛ)
RT
Output Voltage vs. Temperature
1.264
1.262
1.26
1.258
1.256
1.254
1.252
Output Voltage (V)
1.25
1.248
-20020406080100
Temperature
(°C)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
Positive Duty (ns)
100
50
0
0255075100125150175200
PHASE 3
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 4
PHASE 5
ISN (uA)
Frequency vs. Temperature
322
320
318
316
314
312
310
Frequency ( kH z)
308
306
304
-20020406080100
GM
Temperature
(°C)
DVD
(1V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
18
Power On from DVD
Time (1ms/Div)
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DVD
(1V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
Power Off from DVD
Time (1μs/Div)
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 19
RT8802A
VCC12
(10V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
VCC5
(5V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
Power On from VCC12
Time (1ms/Div)
Power On from VCC5
VCC12
(10V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
VCC5
(5V/Div)
SS
(1V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
Power Off from VCC12
Time (1ms/Div)
Power Off from VCC5
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
Time (1ms/Div)
Power On with OCP
VR_Ready
(1V/Div)
SS
(2V/Div)
V
OUT
1V/Div)
PWM
(5V/Div)
Time (500μs/Div)
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
PHASE 3
(10V/Div)
VR_Ready
(1V/Div)
SS
(2V/Div)
V
OUT
(1V/Div)
PWM
(5V/Div)
Time (25ms/Div)
Output Short Circuit
Time (1ms/Div)
19
Page 20
RT8802A
V
OUT
(20mV/Div)
I
OUT
(40A/Div)
V
OUT
Droop
V
OUT
(20mV/Div)
I
OUT
(40A/Div)
V
Overshoot
OUT
V
OUT
(200mV/Div)
VID0
(500mV/Div)
Time (2μs/Div)
Dynamic VID
Time (50μs/Div)
OVP
V
OUT
(200mV/Div)
VID0
(500mV/Div)
Time (2μs/Div)
Dynamic VID
Time (50μs/Div)
VR_Ready
(1V/Div)
SS
(2V/Div)
FB
(1V/Div)
PWM
(5V/Div)
20
Time (10μs/Div)
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 21
Applications Information
RT8802A is a multi-phase DC/DC controller specifically
designed to deliver high quality power for next generation
CPU. RT8802A controls a special power-on sequence &
monitors the thermal condition of VR module to meet the
VRD11 requirement. Phase currents are sensed by
innovative time-sharing DCR current sensing technique
for channel current bala nce, droop tuning, and over current
protection. Using one common GM amplifier for current
sensing eliminates offset errors and linearity variation
between GMs. As sub-milli-ohm-grade inductors are
widely used in modern mother boards, slight mismatch
of GM a mplifiers off set and linearity results in considerable
current shift between phases. The time-sharing DCR
current sensing technique is extremely important to
guarantee pha se current balance in ma ss production.
RT8802A
with Intel® VRD11 specification as shown in Figure 1. A
time-varia nt internal current source charges the ca pacitor
connected to SS pin. SS voltage ramps up piecewise
linearly and locks VID_DAC output with a specified voltage
drop. Consequently, V
VID_DAC output and meet Intel® VRD11 requirement.
VR_READY output is pulled high by external resistor when
V
reaches VID_DAC output with 1~2ms delay. An
CORE
SS capacitor about 47nF is recommend for VRD11
compliance.
VDD POR, DVD, and VTT/EN ready
1.1V
is built up according to
CORE
SS
V
CORE
VR_Ready
Converter Initialization, Phase Selection, and
Power Good Function
The RT8802A initiates only after 3 pins are ready: VDD
pin power on reset (POR), VTT/EN pin en abled, and D V D
pin is higher than 1V . V DD POR is to make sure R T8802A
is powered by a voltage for normal work. The rising
threshold voltage of VDD POR is 4.2V typically. At VDD
POR, RT8802A che cks PWM3, PWM4 and PWM5 status
to determine phase number of operation. Pull high PWM3
for two-pha se operation; pull high PWM4 for three-pha se
operation; pull high PWM5 for four-pha se operation. The
unused current sense pins should be connected to GND
or left floating.
VTT/EN a cts as a chi p enable pin a nd receives signal from
FSB or other power management IC.
DVD is to make sure that ATX12V is ready for drivers to
work normally . Connect a voltage divider from A TX12V to
D V D pin as shown in the Typical Application Circuit. Ma ke
sure that DVD pin voltage is below its threshold voltage
before drivers are ready a nd above its thre shold voltage
for minimum A TX12V during normal operation.
VID on the fly
1~2ms1~2ms1~2ms1~2ms
1~2ms
Figure 1. Ti mming Diagra m During Soft Start Interval
Voltage Control
CPU V
voltage is Kelvin sensed by FB and FBRTN
CORE
pins and precisely regulated to VID_DAC output by internal
high gain Error Amplifier (EA). The sensed signal is also
used for power good and over voltage function. The typical
OVP trip point is 170mV above VID_DAC output. RT8802A
pulls PWM outputs low and latches up upon OVP tri p to
prevent damaging the CPU. It ca n only restart by resetting
one of VDD, D V D, or VTT/EN pin.
RT8802A supports Intel VRD10.x, VRD11, AMD K8 and
AMD K8_M2 VID specification.
The change of VID_DAC output at VID on the fly is also
smoothed by capacitor connected to SS pin.
Consequently, Vcore shifts to its new position smoothly
a s shown in Figure 2.
If any one of V DD, VTT/EN, a nd D V D is not ready , RT8802A
keeps its PWM outputs high impedance and the
companion drivers turn off both upper and lower
MOSFETs. After VDD, VTT/EN, and DVD are ready,
RT8802A initiates its soft start cycle that is compliant
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
21
Page 22
RT8802A
PWM4
V
CORE
VID7
Figure 2. Vcore Response at VID on the Fly
DCR Current Sensing
RT8802A adopts an innovative time-sharing DCR current
sensing technique to sense the pha se currents for pha se
current balance (phase thermal balance) and load line
regulation as shown in Figure 3. Current sen sing amplifier
GM samples and holds voltages VCx across the current
sensing capacitor Cx by turns in a switching cycle.
According to the Basic Circuit Theory, if
Lx
DCRx
LX
DCRxI VCxthenCx Rx
×=×=
Consequently, the sensing current IX is proportional to
inductor current ILX and is expressed a s :
DCRxI
×
LX
I
=
X
R
CSNX
The sensed current IX is used for current balance a nd droop
tuning as described as followed. Since all phases share
one common GM, GM off set and linearity vari ation effect
is eliminated in practical applications. As sub-milli-ohmgrade inductors are widely used in modern mother boards,
slight mismatch of GM a mplifiers offset a nd linearity results
in considerable current shift between phases. The timesharing DCR current sensing technical is extremely
important to guarantee phase current balance in mass
production.
Phase Current Balance
The sampled a nd held pha se current IX are summed and
averaged to get the averaged current . Each phase
XI
current IX then is compared with the averaged current.
The difference between IX and is injected to
XI
corresponding PWM comparator. If phase current IX is
smaller than the averaged current , RT8802A increases
the duty cycle of corresponding phase to increase the
phase current a ccordingly and vice versa.
IX = I
x DCRX/R
LX
I
X
CSA: Current Sense Amplifier
S/H CKT
CSNX
CSA
+
-
T1
T2
T3
T4
T1
T3
T2
T4
T1
T3
T2 or T4
ISP1
ISN1
ISP3
ISN35
ISP2
ISN24
ISP4
Figure 3
L1
R1
L2
R2
R
CSN1
R
CSN24
DCR1
C1
+ VC1 -
DCR2
C2
+ VC2 -
R
CSN3
R4
L3
R3
L4
DCR3
C3
+ VC3 -
DCR4
C4
+ VC4 -
22
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 23
I
OFS
4
R
DAC
FB1
-
EA
+
V
ADJ
-
+
COMP
X4I
R
ADJ
V
CORE
Figure 4. Load Line and Off set Function
Output V oltage Offset Function
To meet Intel® requirement of initial offset of load line,
RT8802A provides programmable initial offset function.
External resistor R
generate offset current
, where V
through R
is 1V typical. One quarter of I
OFS
as shown in Figure 4. Error amplifier would
FB1
hold the inverting pin equal to V
voltage is subtracted from V
and voltage source at OFS pin
OFS
V
OFS
I=
OFS
R
OFS
OFS
- V
. Thus output
ADJ
for a constant of fset
DAC
- V
DAC
ADJ
flows
voltage.
R
V V V
ADJDACCORE
FB1
− −=
R4
×
OFS
A positive output voltage offset is possible by connecting
R
to VDD instead of to GND. Please note that when
OFS
R
is connected to V DD, V
OFS
half of I
flows through R
OFS
V V V+ −=
ADJDACCORE
is VDD − 2V typically and
OFS
FB1
R
R
. V
FB1
OFS
is rewritten as :
CORE
RT8802A
L
If
With other phase kept uncha nged, this pha se would share
(RPX+Rx)/R
and 7 show different current ratio setting for the power
stage when Phase 4 is progra mmed 2 ti mes current tha n
other phase s. Figure 8 and 9 compare the above current
ratio setting results.
X
DCRx
VCx
Rx
T
thenCx )//R(R
×=
PXX
R
PX
=
RRx
+
PX
times current than other phases. Figure 6
PX
L
X
DCRx
VCx
+-
Cx
R
PX
LX
DCRxI
××
I
LX
+
Figure 5
V
OUT
Current Ratio Setting
Current ratio adjustment is possible a s described below .
Figure 6. GM4 Setting for current ratio function
It is important for achieving thermal balance in practical
application where thermal condition s between phases are
not identical. Figure 5 shows the application circuit of GM
for current ratio requirement. According to Basic Circuit
Theory
R
PX
RRx
+
VCx
=
PX
CxRSRx
××
PX
RRx
+
PX
1
+
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
LX
DCRxI
××
Figure 7. GM1~3 Setting f or current ratio function
23
Page 24
RT8802A
35
30
25
20
(A)
L
I
15
10
5
0
0 153045607590
I
(A)
OUT
Figure 8
Current Balance Function
35
30
25
Current Ratio Function
20
(A)
L
I
15
I
L3
I
L2
Load Line without dead zone at light loads
1.31
I
L4
I
L3
I
L2
I
L1
1.3
1.29
1.28
w/o Dead Zone Compensation
R
open
CSN
(V)
1.27
CORE
V
1.26
R
= 82k
1.25
1.24
1.23
w/i Dead Zone Compensation
0510152025
CSN2
I
OUT
(A)
Figure 10
GMx
I
LX
+
-
Lx
Rx
R
CSN
DCRx
Cx
+-
VCx
V
OUT
10
I
I
L1
OUT
(A)
5
I
0
020406080100120
L4
Figure 9
Dead Zone Elimination
RT8802A samples and holds inductor current at 50%
period by time-sharing sourcing a current IX to R
CSN
. At
light load condition when inductor current is not balance,
voltage VCx across the sensing capacitor would be
negative. It needs a negative IX to sense the voltage.
However, RT8802A CANNOT provide a negative IX and
consequently cannot sense negative inductor current. This
results in dead zone of load line performa nce a s shown in
Figure 10. Therefore a technique a s shown in Figure 1 1 is
required to eliminate the dead zone of load line at light
load condition.
Ix
R
CSN2
Figure 1 1. Application circuit of GM
Referring to Figure 1 1, IX is expressed as :
X
where I
V
OUT
I
R
CSN2
LX_50%
LX_50%
+=
R
×
CSN2
LX_50%
+
DCRxI
is the of inductor current at 50% period. To
R
×
CSN
DCRxI
(1)
make sure RT8802A could sense the inductor current,
right hand side of Equation (1) should always be positive:
R
×
CSN
DCRxI
0
≥
(2)
V
OUT
R
CSN2
Since R
DCRxI
R
×
CSN2
LX_50%
+
>> DCRx in p ractical a pplication, Equation (2)
CSN
LX_50%
+
could be simplified as :
DCRxI
V
R
OUT
CSN2
≥
LX_50%
R
×
CSN
24
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 25
RT8802A
LX
CSNX
IMAX
IMAX
X
CSNX
XLX(MAX)
IMAX
IMAX
IMAXX(MAX)
IMAXX(MAX)
R
R
R
V
2
3
DCR
R
II
R
V
2
3
I
2
3
I
I
2
1
I
3
1
××=×=
×==
=
For example, assuming the negative inductor current is
I
= −5A at no load, then for
LX_50%
R
330Ω, R
CSN
1.3V
R
CSN2
R
≤ 85.8kΩ
CSN2
Choose R
CSN2
≥
= 160Ω, V
ADJ
330
= 82kΩ
= 1.300V
OUT
Ω×−
1m5A
Ω
Figure 10 shows that dead zone of load line at light load
is eliminated by applying this technique.
VR_HOT & VR_F AN Setting
V
CC
5V
CC
CC
CC
+
CMP
-
+
CMP
-
+
CMP
-
Q1
Q2
Q3
V
TSEN
R1
R
NTC
TSEN
0.39 x V
0.33 x V
0.28 x V
If R
is connected as in Figure 14, R
ADJ
R
), which is a negative temperature correlated
NTC
= R1 + (R2//
ADJ
resistance. By properly selecting R1 a nd R2, the positive
temperature coefficient of DCR can be canceled by the
negative temperature coefficient of R
. Thus the load
ADJ
line will be thermally compensated.
ADJ
R1
R
ADJ
Figure 14. R
R
NTC
Connection for Thernal Compensation
ADJ
R2
Over Current Protection
Thermally compensated total current OCP
V
is compared with V
TCOC
is triggered.
ADJ
ADJ
. If V
ADJ
> V
then OCP
TCOC
Figure 12
V
0.39 x V
0.33 x V
0.28 x V
VR_FAN
VR_HOT
TSEN
CC
CC
CC
V
is inversely proportional
TSEN
to Temperature.
Temperature
Figure 13. VR_HOT and VR_F AN Signal vs TSEN V oltage
Load Line Setting and Thermal Compensation
V
= Sum(IX) x R
ADJ
= LL x I
V
= V
OUT
DAC
OUT
− V
ADJ
ADJ
= V
= (DCR x R
− LL x I
DAC
ADJ
OUT
/ R
CSN
) x I
OUT
IMAX(1V)
R1
R2
TCOC
+
CMP
-
OC
Figure 15
Phase current OCP
RT8802A uses an external resistor R
IMAX pin to generate a reference current I
connected to
IMAX
IMAX
for over
current protection :
V
I=
IMAX
where V
IMAX
R
IMAX
is typical 1.0V . OCP comparator compares
IMAX
each sensed phase current IX with this reference current
as shown in Figure 16. Equivalently , the maxi mum pha se
current I
is calculated as below:
LX(MAX)
LL = DCR(PTC) x R
(NTC) / R
ADJ
CSN
DCR is the inductor DCR which is a PTC resista nce.
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
25
Page 26
RT8802A
OCP Comparator
1/3 I
+
-
1/2 I
X
IMAX
Figure 16. Over Current Comparator
Phase current OCP and total current OCP with
thermal compensation
V-comparator
I
1
+
X
, Phase
I
OC
I
OC
I
OC
I
OC
, Phase
, Phase
, Phase
-
V-comparator
2
I
+
X
-
V-comparator
I
3
+
X
-
V-comparator
I
4
+
X
-
Thermal compensated OCP
Reset while VID changing
∝
I
I
X(n)
L(n)
H Pulse width detector
H Last 20us? Y = 1, N = 0
H Pulse width detector
H Last 20us? Y = 1, N = 0
Short circuit
protection
Over current
protection
Figure 17
Error Amplifier Characteristic
For fast response of converter to meet stringent output
current transient response, R T8802A provides large slew
rate capa bility and high gain-bandwidth perf ormance.
OCP
EA Rising Slew Rate
V
FB
V
COMP
CH1:(500mV/Div)
CH2:(2V/Div)
Time (250ns/Div)
Figure 19. EA Falling T ra n sient with 10pF Loading ;
Slew Rate = 8V/μs
4.7k
4.7k
B
-
EA
+
V
REF
A
Figure 20. Gain-Ba ndwidth Mea surement by signal A
divided by signal B
EA Falling Slew Rate
V
FB
V
COMP
CH1:(500mV/Div)
CH2:(2V/Div)
Time (250ns/Div)
Figure 18. EA Rising T ra n sient with 10pF Loading ;
Slew Rate = 10V/μs
Design Procedure Suggestion
a. Output filter pole and zero (Inductor, output capacitor
value & ESR).
b. Error amplifier compensation & saw-tooth wave
amplitude (compen sation network).
c. Kelvin sense for V
CORE
.
Current Loop Setting
a. GM amplifier S/H current (current sense component
DCR, ISPX and ISNX pin external resistor value).
b. Over-current protection trip point (R
IMAX
resistor).
VRM Load Line Setting
a. Droop a mplitude (ADJ pin resistor).
b. No load offset (R
CSN
)
c. DAC offset voltage setting (OFS pin & compensation
network resistor).
26
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
Page 27
d. T emperature coefficient compensation(TSEN external
resister & thermistor, resistor between ADJ a nd GND.)
Power Sequence & SS
D VD pin external resistor a nd SS pin capa citor .
PCB Layout
a.Kelvin sense for current sense GM a mplifier in put.
b.Refer to layout guide for other items.
RT8802A
All brandname or trademark belong to their owner respectively
DS8802A-04 August 2007www.richtek.com
27
Page 28
RT8802A
Outline Dimension
D
E
e
A
A3
A1
D2
SEE DETAIL A
L
1
E2
1
b
2
DETAIL A
Pin #1 ID a nd T ie Bar Mark Option s
1
2
Note : The configuration of the Pin #1 identifier is optional,
but must be located within the zone indicated.