Page 1
Modified R928, 8 × 6mm Photocathode Area Size
Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity
For Photon Counting Applications
FEATURES
Low Dark Counts ................................................. 300cps (at 25°C)
Low Dark Current ............................................. 2nA (after 30min.)
Wide Spectral Response ........................................ 185 to 900 nm
High Cathode Sensitivity
Luminous ...................................................................... 200µA/lm
Radiant at 400nm ........................................................... 68mA/W
High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000V)
Luminous ...................................................................... 2000A/lm
Radiant at 400nm .................................................... 6.8 × 10
Low Drift and Hysteresis
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R2949
(Low Dark Counts Type of R928)
5
A/W
The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts,
extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide
spectral response from UV to near infrared.
The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such
as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life
time measurement.
The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928.
GENERAL
Parameter
Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Photocathode
Window Material
Dynode
Direct
Interelectrode
Capacitances
Base
Weight
Suitable Socket (Option)
Suitable Socket Assembly (Option)
Material
Minimum Useful Size
Secondary Emitting Surface
Structure
Number of Stages
Anode to Last Dynode
Anode to All Other Electrodes
Description/Value
185 to 900
400
Multialkali
8 × 6
UV glass
Multialkali
Circular-cage
9
Approx. 4
Approx. 6
11-pin base
JEDEC No. B11-88
Approx. 45
E678-11A
E717-21
Unit
nm
nm
—
mm
—
—
—
—
pF
pF
—
g
—
—
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
TPMSB0155EA
100
10
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
1
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
0.1
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
0.01
200 400 600 800 1000
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulat ions, availability of products included in this promotional material may var y. P lease consult with our sales office.
Information furnished by HAMA M ATSU is believed to be reliable. However, n o responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein.
1998 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
©
Page 2
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values at 25 °C)
Parameter Value Unit
Supply Voltage
Between Anode and Cathode
Between Anode and Last Dynode
Average Anode Current
Ambient Temperature
1250
250
A
0.1
-80 to +50
Vdc
Vdc
mA
°C
CHARACTERISTICS (at 25°C)
Parameter Min. Unit
Quantum
Efficiency
Luminous
at 255nm
B
at 194nm
Cathode
Sensitivity
Radiant
at 254nm
at 400nm
at 633nm
at 852nm
Red/White Ratio
with R-68 Filter
D
Blue
Luminous
E
at 194nm
Anode
Sensitivity
Radiant
at 254nm
at 400nm
at 633nm
at 852nm
E
Gain
Anode Dark Counts
F
at +25°C
at -20°C
Anode Dark Current
F
ENI (Equivalent Noise Input)
Time
Response
Anode Current
Stability
K
Anode Pulse
Rise Time
E
Electron Transit Time
Current Hysteresis
Voltage Hysteresis
H
Typ.
—
140
—
—
—
—
—
C
0.1
—
1000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
G
—
—
J
—
—
—
25.3
200
18
52
68
41
3.5
0.3
7.5
2000
1.8 × 10
5.2 × 10
6.8 × 10
4.1 × 10
3.5 × 10
1.0 × 10
300
3
2
1.2 × 10
2.2
22
0.1
1.0
-16
Max.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
5
—
5
—
5
—
4
—
7
—
500
—
25
—
—
—
—
—
%
µA/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
—
µA/lm-b
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
—
cps
cps
nA
W
ns
ns
%
%
NOTES
A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at
a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is
100 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes
connected together as anode.
C: Red/white ratio is the quotient of the cathode current
measured using a red filter interposed between the light
source and the tube by the cathode current measured
with the filter removed under the same conditions as
Note B.
D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter
(Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is
interposed between the light source and the tube under
the same conditions as Note B.
E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with
the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and voltage
distribution ratio shown in Table 1.
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and the voltage
distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in
the darkness.
G: ENI is an indication of the photon limited signal-to-noise
ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce
a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a
photomultiplier tube.
2q•ldb•G•∆f
ENI =
where q = Electronic charge (1.60 × 10
ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage)
in darkness) in amperes
G = Gain
∆f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is
used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt
at the wavelength of peak response.
H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from
10% to 90% of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse.
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the
arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance
window of the tube and the time when the anode output
reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the
whole photocathode is illuminated.
K. Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after
light and voltage are applied.
ANODE
CURRENT
Hysteresis = × 100 (%)
S
I
I
i
0567 (MINUTES)
I
- I
max.
min.
I
j
I
min.
max.
-19
coulomb)
TIME
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrodes
Distribution
Ratio
Supply Voltage= 1000Vdc
K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode
K Dy11Dy21Dy31Dy41Dy51Dy61Dy71Dy81Dy9
P
11
(1) Current Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1
microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from
the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated at the
previous light level for a minute to measure the variation.
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of
0.1 microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed
from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to
800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is reduced to
the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a
minute to measure the variation.
Page 3
Figure 2: Anode Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics
TPMSB0156EA TPMSB0157EA
4
10
10
Figure 3: Typical T ime Response
8
200
3
10
2
10
1
10
TYPICAL GAIN AND
TYPICAL ANODE SENSITIVITY
0
10
-1
10
ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm)
-2
10
200 300 500 700 1000 1500
MINIMUM ANODE SENSITIVITY
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
TPMSB0158EA TPMSB0159EA
160
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
100
80
60
6
40
TRANSIT TIME
20
5
GAIN
10
TIME (ns)
8
4
6
4
RISE TIME
3
2
2
1
300 500 700 1000 1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark
Counts
10000
ANODE SENSITIVITY (%)
140
800nm
600nm
120
100
400nm
80
60
40
20
0
-40 -20 0 +20 +40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1000
100
DARK COUNTS (cps)
10
0
-40 -20 0 +20 +40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Page 4
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram
(Unit: mm)
29.0 ± 1.7
PHOTOCATHODE
6MIN.
32.2 ± 0.5
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
8MIN.
7MIN.
80MAX.
94MAX.
49 ± 1
INSULATION COVER
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
4
3
2
DY1
6
5
1
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
7.5 × 10
5.0 × 10
2.5 × 10
COUNTS PER CHANNEL (cps)
TPMSB0160EA
4
10
AMBIENT TEMP.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE*
: 25°C
: 730Vdc
WAVELENGTH OF
3
3
3
INCIDENT LIGHT
DARK COUNTS
SIGNAL + DARK
: 800nm
: 300cps
DARK
0
0 512
DISCRIMINATION LEVEL
PULSE HEIGHT (Channel)
* The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 × 10
6
DY7
7
8
10
11
K
TPMSA0016EA
9
DY8
DY9
P
Figure 8: Optional Accessories (Unit: mm)
E678-11A (Socket) D Type Socket Assembly E717-21
49
38
33
3.5
5
29
4
18
TACCA0064EA
* Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series modular type high voltage power
supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate
a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
3.5
33.0 ± 0.3
4.8
L450 ± 10
5
SOCKET
PMT
PIN No.
10
R10
9
R9
8
R8
7
R7
6
R6
5
R5
4
R4
3
R3
2
R2
1
R1
11
38.0 ± 0.3
49.0 ± 0.3
29
31.0 ± 0.5
HOUSING
(INSULATOR)
POTTING
COMPOUND
P
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
K
Warning-Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock — Operating voltage
applied to this device presents shock hazard.
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U
(BLACK)
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
C3
C2
C1
R to R10
: 330kΩ
C1 to C3
: 0.01µF
-HV
AWG22 (VIOLET)
TACCA0002ED
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.:
Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany:
Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France:
Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom:
North Europe:
Italy:
Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741
TPMS1045E01
JUN. 1998
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