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Overvoltage
Spark Gaps
OGP-Series, PGP-Series,
PB-Series
PerkinElmer’s Overvoltage
Spark Gaps are a family of rugged
ceramic-metal hermetically sealed
switches for voltages ranging from
500 volts to 100 kV. These switches
have peak current capabilities of up
to 50 kA. They are ideal for protecting
equipment from damaging high voltage surges when they are used in
"crowbar" applications. They are also
suitable for capacitor switching applications. The OGP-series offer the
broadest operating range, while the
PGP and PB series offer fast switching
for high dv/dt applications. The PB
series is intended for direct mounting
on printed circuit boards.
Features
•
High surge current capability
•
Fast switching operation
•
High voltage holdoff
•
Ceramic-metal construction
•
No warm up period
•
Long life
EVERYTHING
IN A
NEW
LIGHT.
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page 2 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
OGP Series
Table 1 shows ratings for
PerkinElmer’s OGP ceramic-metal
overvoltage spark gaps when they
are used in crowbar service. Note
that for each "family" type, a range is
shown for Static Breakdown Voltage
(SBV); for any given gap, there can
be only a single value for SBV.
For rating purposes, crowbar service
is defined as being single-shot or very
low repetition rate operation such
that gap heating is nil. For applications where the various discharge
parameters simultaneously approach
the values shown, gap life will be on
the order of 1000-5000 operations.
Longer life can be obtained when
operating at reduced power levels;
alternatively, operation at higher levels
is possible, but life will be reduced.
For applications involving repetitive
operation such that gap heating is
significant, the ratings of Table 2
apply. For discharge conditions simultaneously approaching the maximums shown, gap life is typically one
million to five million operations.
Again, a trade off exists between discharge severity and service life.
PGP and PB Series
Table 3 shows ratings for
PerkinElmer’s PGP and PB Series
pulse overvoltage spark gaps. These
have been specifically designed to
protect critical components against
damage caused by fast high voltage
transients.
The dynamic breakdown voltage (the
voltage at which the gap breaks
down under transient conditions) is a
function of the rate of rise of the
applied voltage (dv/dt). In general, it
will be higher for higher dv/dt. The
breakdown time of these gaps is
much faster than that of conventional
overvoltage types, and their dynamic
breakdown voltage is relatively close
to their static breakdown voltage over
a wide range of operating conditions.
PGP Series: In single-shot protection
service, these gaps can divert a transient energy as high as 10 joules and
conduct a total charge as high as
300 millicoulombs. Dynamic breakdown voltage is typically less than
twice their static breakdown voltage
for applied voltage transients as fast
as 300 kilovolts per microsecond.
PB Series
Peak currents up to 1500 amperes
with current rise times on the order of
1-5 nanoseconds are possible. The
small size of these devices makes
them well suited for use on circuit
boards and in other applications
where space is restricted. For best
results the gap should be tightly coupled across the component to be
protected. On nanosecond time
scales, the inductive drop across
even a few inches of excess wiring
can easily exceed the rated turn-on
voltage of the gap.
Typical rating for inter-electrode
capacitance is 3 pf, dynamic voltage
drop is 50 volts, and open circuit
resistance at 500 volts is 1000
megohms.
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PerkinElmer Optoelectronics page 3
1. The general family type is listed. Mechanical variations with differing connections are shown in the accompanying drawings. These are designated by the
addition of another digit or a letter to the basic family number. For example, the
OGP-44 family includes the 44G, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 44L and 44R.
2. Each overvoltage gap is manufactured with a specific static (or DC) breakdown
voltage (SBV). this voltage can be set anywhere within the available min-max
range. The SBV is specified by the addition of a dash number to the mechanical type number, giving the SBV in kilovolts.
3. These units must be operated in a dielectric medium to prevent external corona or breakdown: OGP-76, above 50kV; OGP-1501, above 35kV; OGP-44,
above 15kV; OGP-67 and OGP-73, above 40kV; OGP-49, above 15kV;
OGP-83 and OGP-35, above 20kV. Some of the more important derating
factors that determine the safe operating voltage in air are the cleanliness of
the tube’s ceramic insulators, the rate of rise of anode voltage, the dwell time
at the operating peak anode voltage, the pulse repetition rate, and ambient
pressure, temperature, humidity and contaminant level.
4. The ratings shown apply for single-shot service. Under these maximum duty
conditions, gap life is typically 1000-5000 operations.
5. For conditions approaching these maximum ratings, life is typically one million
to five million operations. Longer life can be obtained when operating at
reduced levels; alternatively, operation at higher levels is possible, but life
will be reduced.
6. Ib is the average current through the gap. It is equal to the conducted charge
per pulse x pulse repetition rate (prr).
7. Ip is the RMS current through the gap. For rectangular current pulses,
Ip = √Ib x peak current.
Notes
Table 1. Crowbar Service
Family
Type (1)
OGP-57
OGP-62
OGP-64
OGP-44
OGP-49
OGP-75
OGP-35
OGP-83
OGP-67, 73
OGP-76
OGP-1501
Available Static
Breakdown Voltage
Range (kV)
Min-Max (2)
1-9
1-9
1-9
9-25 (3)
2-25 (3)
10-30
8-42 (3)
8-42 (3)
30-65 (3)
30-120 (3)
30-120 (3)
Peak
Current
(kA)
5
5
5
5
7.5
20
50
25
20
50
50
Total
Conducted Charge
per Pulse
(millicoulombs)
200
200
200
200
400
500
1000
800
500
1000
1000
Maximum Discharge Conditions (4)
Table 2. Repetitive Switching Service
Family
Type (1)
OGP-57
OGP-62
OGP-64
OGP-44
OGP-49
OGP-75
OGP-35
OGP-83
OGP-67, 73
OGP-76
OGP-1501
Available Static
Breakdown Voltage
Range (kV)
Min-Max (2)
1-9
1-9
1-9
9-25 (3)
2-25 (3)
10-30
8-42 (3)
8-42 (3)
30-65 (3)
30-120 (3)
30-120 (3)
Conducted Charge
per Pulse
(millicoulombs)
4
4
4
4
8
20
20
8
20
20
20
Avg. Current
Ib
(mA, DC)(6)
40
40
40
40
60
150
200
100
150
200
200
RMS (Current
IP
(A, AC)(7)
6
6
6
6
8
10
15
10
10
15
15
Maximum Discharge Conditions (5)
OGP-Series Spark Gap Ratings
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page 4 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
Environmental Specifications
Ambient temperature range
Operating temperature range -54 to +100°C
Nonoperating temperature range -65 to +125°C
Vibration 15 to 500 Hz at 10 g maximum
Shock 50 g, 11 milliseconds
Thermal Shock -65 to +125°C
Electrical Specifications
Electrode capacity Less than 5 pf.
Interelectrode resistance Greater than 10
10
ohms at 500 V.
Mechanical Specifications
Envelope Ceramic-metal, hermetically sealed, exposed metal parts nickel plated.
Torque applied to studs 6 inch-pounds maximum.
When Ordering All Overvoltage Gaps
Self Breakdown Voltage (SBV) must be specified.
Example: OGP-44G type gap with a 15kV DC SBV must be specified as OGP-44G-15.
Table 3.
PGP Series
PGP-571,574,575
PB Series
PB-23, 23A,
23C, 23D
Available Static
Breakdown
Voltage
Range (kV)
Min-Max (1)
0.5-6
0.5-5
Typical
Maximum
Operating
Standoff
Voltage (2)
80% of SBV
80% of SBV
Dynamic
Breakdown
Voltage,
DBV
(typical)
120-200%
of SBV (3)
120-200%
of SBV (3)
Peak Current
(kA)
10
1.5
Conducted
Charge
per Pulse
(milicoulombs,
maximum) (5)
300
50
PGP and PB Spark Gap Ratings
1. The DC voltage at which the gap switches from the open to the conducting state. (For any given gap, SBV has a single fixed value).
2. The SBV of an individual gap may be +/- 10% of its nominal value.
Therefore, the recommended maximum operating (standoff) voltage is
80% of SBV.
3. The range shown is typical for dv/dt between 75 and 300 kV/us.
4. The maximum dynamic breakdown voltage is 1000 volts for gaps
having SBV between 500 and 750 volts. For higher SBV, DBV is
approximately 1.3 times SBV.
5. Typical life at rated conducted charged is 500-1000 operations. Life
increases substantially at lower operating levels.
Notes
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PerkinElmer Optoelectronics page 5
0.520 ± 0.030
DIA TYP
1/8 DIA
EXHAUST
TUBULATION,
NO CONNECTION
1.935
1.655
1.635
1.495
0.219
0.125
OGP-44L
1.960
1.750
1.700
1.550
0.520 ± 0.030
DIA TYP
1/8 DIA
EXHAUST
TUBULATION,
NO CONNECTION
0.219
0.125
NO. 20 WHITE TEFLON
INSULATED (2 LEADS)
6.0 ± 1.0 LONG
OGP-44R
0.280 ± 0.020
DIA
A
0.520 ± 0.030
DIA TYP
0.750
0.570
SOLDERLESS LUG
FOR NO. 16-22 WIRE
THREADED
HOLE
8-32 UNC-2B
DP.
C
B
OGP-44G, 0GP-57 AND OGP-64
B
A (TYP)
1.075
1.015
DIA TYP
0.360 ± 0.020
DIA TYP
OGP-67, OGP-73 AND OGP-75
TYPE
OGP-44G
OGP-57
OGP-64
A
USABLE
THREAD
0.187 MIN
0.187 MIN
0.187 MIN
B
±0.080
1.940
1.195
1.940
C
±0.100
2.190
1.445
2.190
TYPE
OGP-67
OGP-73
OGP-75
A
±0.020
0.410
0.650
0.350
B
±0.125
4.040
4.520
3.920
0.360 ± 0.020
DIA
0.410 ± 0.020
B
A
THREADED
HOLE
8-32 UNC-2B
0.25 DP. MIN.
0.520 ± 0.030
DIA TYP
OGP-442, OGP-443 AND OGP-642
0.360 ± 0.020
DIA
0.410 ± 0.020
B
A
0.520 ± 0.030
DIA TYP
8-32 UNC-2A
OGP-444, OGP-445 AND OGP-446
TYPE
OGP-442
OGP-642
OGP-443
A
USABLE
THREAD
0.187 MIN
0.187 MIN
0.250 MIN
B
±0.125
2.315
2.315
2.100
TYPE
OGP-444
OGP-445
OGP-446
A
USABLE
THREAD
±0.035
0.190
0.515
0.965
B
±0.125
2.290
2.615
3.065
0.360 ±0.020
DIA TYP
3.140
2.890
0.725 ±0.020
0.725 ±0.020
0.520 ±0.030
DIA TYP
OGP-441 AND OGP-641
Mechanical Specifications
Note: Dimensions in inches
All data and specifications subject to change without notice.
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page 6 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
0.880
0.860
DIA TYP
1/16 DIA
EXHAUST
TUBULATION
NO CONNECTIONS
0.550
0.510
0.860
0.730
0.330
0.310
0.140
0.060
1.350
1.270
DIA
OGP-62
THREADED HOLE
8-32 UNC-2B
0.300 MIN.
USABLE THREAD
1.075
1.015
DIA TYP
8-32 UNC-2A
0.300 MIN.
USABLE THREAD
4.200
3.820
3.350
3.150
OGP-751
CLEARANCE FOR A
NO. 8 SCREW
6 HOLES EACH END
ON A 3.937 B.C.
60° TYP
EXHAUST
TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
4.275
4.225
DIA TYP
3.050
2.950
DIA
A
TYPE
A
±0.125
OGP-35 2.250
0GP-1501 3.500
OGP-35 AND OGP-1501
EXHAUST
TUBULATION,
NO CONNECTION
1.586
1.526
DIA TYP
DIA
1.020
0.980
90° TYP
CLEARANCE FOR A
NO. 4 SCREW
4 HOLES EACH END
ON A 1.321 ±0.010 B.C.
1.185
0.965
OGP-49
Mechanical Specifications
EXHAUST
TUBULATION,
NO CONNECTION
60° TYP
4.275
4.225
DIA TYP
3.900
3.700
DIA
3.625
3.375
CLEARANCE FOR A
NO. 8 SCREW
6 HOLES EACH END
ON A 3.937 B.C.
0.500
TYP REF
OGP-76
EXHAUST
TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
90° TYP
3.030
2.970
DIA TYP
2.030
1.970
DIA
CLEARANCE FOR A
NO. 8 SCREW
4 HOLES EACH END
ON A 2.575 B.C.
2.250
1.050
OGP-83
Note: Dimensions in inches
All data and specifications subject to change without notice.
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PerkinElmer Optoelectronics page 7
1/16 DIA
EXHAUST TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
0.430
0.385
0.620
0.490
0.230
0.215
DIA TYP
PB-23
1/16 DIA
EXHAUST TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
NO. 20 AWG 19/32 STRANDED
TYPE E WHITE TEFLON
INSULATED WIRE TYP
0.620
0.490
0.430
0.385
0.230
0.215
DIA TYP
6.0
4.0
TYP
PB-23B – Same as PB-23A except for
No. 20 AWG tinned copper bus wire
PB-23A
SOLDER LUG
0.475
0.355
1/16 DIA HOLE
0.145
0.105
0.230
0.215
DIA TYP
1/16 DIA
EXHAUST
TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
0.485
0.415
0.650
0.500
0.280
0.220
4-40 STUD
SST
PB-23C
0.145
0.105
0.230
0.215
DIA TYP
1/16 DIA
EXHAUST
TUBULATION
NO CONNECTION
0.485
0.415
0.650
0.500
SOLDER LUG
(2 PLACES) 1/16 DIA HOLE TYP
0.475
0.355
TYP
PB-23D
Mechanical Specifications
Note: Dimensions in inches
All data and specifications subject to change without notice.
ANODE TERMINAL
WILL ACCEPT ONE
NO. 16 AWG WIRE
ANODE
CERAMIC BODY
0.750
0.570
0.300
0.260
DIA
1.500
1.320
1.230
1.090
CATHODE
0.550
0.490
DIA TYP
8-32 UNC-2B
0.187 MIN
USABLE THREAD
PGP-571
TERMINAL WILL ACCEPT
ONE NO. 16 AWG WIRE
TYP ANODE AND CATHODE
ANODE
CERAMIC BODY
CATHODE
1.000
0.840
1.275
1.075
0.750
0.570
TYP
0.550
0.490
DIA TYP
0.300
0.260
DIA
PGP-575
ANODE STUD
8-32 UNC-21
0.300 MIN
USABLE THREAD
CERAMIC BODY
0.395
0.355
2.030
1.750
1.500
1.440
CATHODE
0.550
0.490
DIA TYP
8-32 UNC-2B
0.187 MIN
USABLE THREAD
PGP-574
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Overvoltage and Spark Gaps OGP-Series, PGP-Series, PB-Series
* All values are nominal; specifications subject to change without notice.
To request additional information, receive a quote, or place an order, please contact PerkinElmer Optoelectronics at office listed below.
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
35 Congress Street
Salem, MA 01970
Toll Free: (800) 950-3441 (USA)
Phone: (978) 745-3200
Fax: (978) 745-0894
Copyright © PerkinElmer
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A. 10/00
PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
www.perkinelmer.com/opto
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“Our goal is to supply our customers
the agreed quantity of specified products and services,
defect free and on time while conducting business
in an environmentally responsible manner”
Marking
PerkinElmer’s trademark, part designation, and date code.
PerkinElmer welcomes inquiries about special types. We would be pleased to discuss the requirements
of your application and the feasibility of designing a type specifically suited to your needs.
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