The NX2601 controller IC is a triple controller with a dual
channel synchronous Buck controller IC and an LDO controller designed for multiple converters such as PCIe
graphic card applications .The two synchronous PWM
controllers are 180 degree out of phase which reduces
the input ripple current, allowing to reduce the # of input
capacitors.Another main feature of the part is that it can
operate from single 12V supply while maintaining a regulated 5V supply for the biasing and the internal drivers.
Other features of NX2601 are: programmable frequency
from 200kHz to 1MHz, independent digital soft start and
enable pins for each controller which allows for different
power sequencing, Adaptive driver provides optimized efficiency while maintain sufficient deadband, Vcc
undervoltage lock out and current limiting using an Rdson of the external MOSFET with HICCUP feature.
10
C16
R15
62k
1nF
R11
11
10
9
8
7
3
1
2
6
30
31
REG FB
REG OUT
AUXVCC
LDO OUT
LDO FB
ENLDO
ENSW1
ENSW2
RT
VP
VREF
C15
1uF
5
VCC
HDRV1
PGND1
N X 2 6 0 1
PGND2
GND
4
1uFC24
150pF
R17
2.35k
C25
1uF
R21
1.25k
R12
5k
R13
1.65k
C18
Figure1 - Typical application of 2601
+5V
VIN1
VIN2
+3.3V
C20
150uF
VOUT3
+2.5V/2A
OFF
R25
10k
ON
2N3904
R26
10k
VIN1
ON
PATENT PENDING
2N3904
R18
1.5k
OFF
C17
68uF
47pF
5k
M5
0
R16
C19
5k
150uF
R19
1.25k
R20
6.8k
R27
10k
2N3904
R28
10k
R24
C21
n Two channel PWM with out of phase operation
n Individual digital soft start for two PWM output
and LDO controller
n Bus voltage operation from 2V to 25V
n Hiccup Current limit by sensing Rdson of MOSFET
n Adjustable frequency up to 1Mhz per channel
n Adaptive deadband time
n Three enable pin available allows for independent
power sequencing
n MLPQ-32L package offers small size
n Pb-free and RoHS compliant
APPLICATIONS
n PCI Graphic Card on board converters
n Vddq Supply in mother board applications
n On board DC to DC such as
12V to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V
n FPGA and Set Top Box Applications
TYPICAL APPLICATION
C1
PVCC1
BST1
SW1
OCP1
LDRV1
Fb1
Comp1
PVCC2
BST2
HDRV2
SW2
OCP2
LDRV2
Fb2
Comp2
23
24
25
26
27
22
21
29
28
18
17
16
15
14
19
20
12
13
1uF
R1
R5 5k
C8
1uF
R6
C22
C23
10.5k
6k
R10
5k
D1
C4
0.1uF
220pF
D2
C11
0.1uF
220pF
+5V
M1
M2
+5V
C12
10nF
C58.2nF
L2 0.78uH
M3
L4 1.5uH
M4
L1 1uH
C2
180uF
2.7nF
C9
180uF
3.3nF
R2
1.5k
C6
R7
820
C13
C3
100uF
R4
20.8k
R9
6.97k
C7
2 x (2R5TPD680M6,680uF,6mohm)
R3
10.4k
C14
3 x (4TPE150M,150uF,18mohm)
R8
8.7k
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device Temperature Package Frequency Pb-Free
NX2601CMTR 0 to 70oC MLPQ-32L 200kHz to 1MHz Yes
FEATURES
VIN1
+12V
VOUT1
+1.2V@15A
VOUT2
+1.8V/10A
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
1
Page 2
NX2601
C/W
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Vcc,PVcc & BST to SW voltage ......................... 6.5V
BST Voltage ...................................................... 35V
SW ................................................................... -5V(Note1) to 35V
All other pins .................................................... GND to Vcc+0.3V
Storage Temperature Range ............................... -65oC to 150oC
Operating Junction Temperature Range ............... -40oC to 125oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS", may cause permanent damage to
the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
PACKAGE INFORMATION
32-LEAD 5x5 PLASTIC MLPQ
COMP1
FB1
VP
VREF
28293031
NX2601
101112 13 14
FB2
COMP2
REG FB
REG OUT
27
OCP1
26
15 16
OCP2
SW1
SW2
HDRV1
25
HDRV2
BST1
24
PVCC1
23
LDRV1
22
PGnd1
21
PGnd2
20
19
LDRV2
PVCC2
18
17
BST2
θ≈35
o
JA
ENSW1
ENSW2
ENLDO
GND
VCC
LDO FB
LDO OUT
NC
32
1
2
3
4
5
RT
6
7
8
9
AUXVCC
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over Vcc = 5V, V
ENLDO=HIGH, and TA = 0 to 70oC. Typical values refer to TA = 25oC. Low duty cycle pulse testing is used which
keeps junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature.
PARAMETER SYM TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Reference Voltage
FB Voltage
V
4.5 < Vcc < 5.5
REF
FB Voltage Line Regulation
Vcc Supply Voltage
Vcc Voltage Range
Vcc Static Supply Current
Vcc Dynamic Supply
Current
V
Voltage Range
BST
V
Static Supply Current
BST
V
Dynamic Supply
BST
Current
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
V
I
I
I
I
CC
CC_STA
CC_DYN
V
BST
BST_STA
BST_DYN
Outputs not switching
Freq=600kHz,
C
= 3300pF
LOAD
Outputs not switching
Freq = 600KHz,
C
= 3300pF
LOAD
BST-VSW
=5V, ENSW1=HIGH, ENSW2=HIGH,
4.5
4.5
0.800
0.4
5.0
5.5
2.0
8
4.
5.0
5.5
2.0
TBD
V
%
V
mA
mA
V
mA
mA
2
Page 3
NX2601
PARAMETER SYM TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Under Voltage Lockout
UVLO Threshold - Vcc V
UVLO Hysteresis - Vcc V
UVLO Threshold - V
UVLO Hysteresis - V
AUXVcc
AUXVcc VAUX_HYST
V
CC_UVLO
CC__HYST
AUX_UVLO
Error Amplifiers
Open Loop Gain
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Voltage
Oscillator
Frequency F
Ramp Amplitude V
EN & SS
Soft Start Time T
Enable Threshold Voltage
Enable Hysterises
LDO Controller
LDO FB Voltage
FB Pin Bias Current
LDO_out Output Voltage High
LDO_out Output Voltage Low
Open Loop Gain
5V AUX REG
REG FB Voltage
FB Pin Bias Current
REG_out Output Voltage
High
REG_out Output Voltage
Low
Open Loop Gain
High Side driver
(CL=3300pF)
Output Impedance, Sourcing R
source_H
Current
Output Impedance , Sinking R
sink_H
Current
Rise Time T
Fall Time T
Deadband Time T
HDRV_RISE
HDRV_FALL
DEAD_LH
RAMP
SS
Supply Ramping Up
Supply Ramping Down
Supply Ramping Up
Supply Ramping Down
Rt=30k,measured at the
S
output drive
Fs=600KHz
Enable ramp up
LDOOUT=LDOFB
AUXVCC=24V,LDO FB=0.7V
I
O_SOURCE
=1.4mA
AUXVCC=24V,LDO FB=0.9V
I
=1.4mA
O_SINK
GBNT(Note2)
REGOUT=REGFB
AUXVCC=24V,REG FB=1.1V
I
O_SOURCE
=1.4mA
AUXVCC=24V,REG FB=1.4V
I
=1.4mA
O_SINK
GBNT(Note2)
10% to 90%
90% to 10%
LDRV going Low to HDRV
going High, 10% to 10%
-0.2
22
50
-0.2
22
50
4
0.2
7
0.7
65
0.3
0
600
1
3.41
1.25
100
0.8
0
23.5
0.2
1.25
0
23.5
0.2
0.85
0.65
25
20
30
V
V
V
V
dB
uA
mV
KHz
V
mS
V
mV
V
µA
V
V
dB
V
µA
V
V
dB
ohm
ohm
ns
ns
ns
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
3
Page 4
NX2601
PARAMETER SYM TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Low Side driver
(CL=3300pF)
Output Impedance, Sourcing R
Current
Output Impedance , Sinking R
Current
Rise Time T
Fall Time T
Deadband Time T
Note 1: 500ns transient. This pin can withstand -2V DC.
Note 2: This parameter is guaranteed by design but not tested in production(GBNT).
source_L
sink_L
LDRV_RISE
LDRV_FALL
DEAD_HL
10% to 90%
90% to 10%
SW going Low to LDRV going
High, 10% to 10%
0.85
0.5
25
20
20
ohm
ohm
ns
ns
ns
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
4
Page 5
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN # PIN SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION
A resistor divider is connected from the respective switcher BUS voltages to these
1
2
3
ENSW1
ENSW2
ENLDO
pins that holds off the controllers soft start until this threshold is reached. An
external low cost MOSFET or NPN transisitor can be connected to this pin for
external enable control.
A resistor divider is connected from the LDO bus voltage to this pin that holds off
the LDO soft start until this threshold is reached. An external low cost MOSFET
can be connected to this pin for external enable control.
NX2601
10
4
5
6
7
8
9
GND
VCC
RT
LDO FB
LDO OUT
AUXVCC
REGOUT
RER
Analog ground.
IC's supply voltage. This pin biases the internal logic circuits. A high freq 1uF
ceramic capacitor is placed as close as possible to and connected to this pin and
ground pin.
Oscillator's frequency can be set by using an external resistor from this pin to
GND. This frequency is the master clock frequency which is internally divided by
two to set each controller frequency.
LDO controller feedback input. If the LDOFB pin is pulled below 0.5*Vref, an
internal comparator after certain delay and pulls down LDOOUT pin and initiates
the HICCUP circuitry. During the startup this latch is not activated, allowing the
LDOFB pin to come up and follow the Soft started Vref voltage.
LDO controller output. This pin is controlling the gate of an external NCH
MOSFET. The maximum rating of this pin is 16V.
This pin is the supply voltage for the LDO controller as well as the 5V regulator
controller that regulates the voltage at Vcc derived from the BUS voltage. The
maximum voltage applied to this pin is 30V.
The output of the 5V regulator controller that drives a low current low cost external
BIPOLAR transistor or an external MOSFET to regulate the voltage at Vcc pin
derived from BUS voltage. This eliminates an otherwise external regulator needed
in applications where 5V is not available.
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
11
12
29
13
28
REGFB
FB2
FB1
COMP2
COMP1
Feedback pin of the 5V regulator controller. A resistor divider is connected from
the output of the 5V regulator to this pin to complete the loop.
This pin is the error amplifiers inverting input. These pins are connected via
resistor dividers to the output of the switching regulators to set the output DC
voltage.
These pins are the outputs of error amplifiers and are used to compensate the
respective voltage control feedback loops.
5
Page 6
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN # PIN SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION
This pin is connected to the drain of the external low side MOSFET and is the
14
27
15
26
OCP2
OCP1
SW2
SW1
input of the over current protection(OCP) comparator. An internal current source
which equals 1.25V divided by Rt resistor is flown to the external resistor which
sets the OCP voltage across the Rdson of the low side MOSFET. Current limit
point is this voltage divided by the Rds-on. Once this threshold is reached the
Hdrv and Ldrv pins are switched low and an internal hiccup circuit is set that
recycles the soft start circuit after 2048 switching cycles.
These pins are connected to source of high side FETs and provide return path for
the high side drivers. They are also used to hold the low side drivers low until this
pin is brought low by the action of high side turning off. LDRVs can only go high if
SW is below 1V threshold .
NX2601
16
25
17
24
18
23
19
22
20
21
30
31
HDRV2
HDRV1
BST2
BST1
PVCC2
PVCC1
LDRV2
LDRV1
PGND2
PGND1
VP
VREF
High side gate driver outputs.
This pin supplies voltage to high side FET driver. A high freq 1uF ceramic capacitor is placed as close as possible to and connected to these pins and respected
SW pins.
Supply voltage for the low side fet drivers. A high frequency 1uF ceramic cap must
be connected from this pin to the PGND1 and PGND2 pin as close as possible to
the pins.
Low side gate driver outputs.
Power ground pin for low side drivers.
This pin is the first error amplifier non-inverting input. This pin should be connected either to an external reference voltage (tracking application) or to the
internal reference voltage provided by this device.
Reference voltage available. A 100pF capacitor can be connected from this pin to
GND. This pin is held low until internal Vcc UVLO and the ENSW1 pin are good,
allowing it to soft start.
Figure 3 - Start up waveform of VCC by internal regulator.
Ch1(AUXVCC), Ch3( VCC&PVCC)
1.8V output
Figure 6 - Output ripple for power output CH1 and CH2
Figure 7-Transient response for first channel 1.2V outputFigure 4 - Soft start for Channel 1 1.2V and chanel 2
Figure 5 - Soft start for Channel 1 1.2V and LDO output
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
Figure 8 -Transient reponse for Channel 1. (zoomed)
11
Page 12
Demo Board Waveforms (Cont')
NX2601
Figure 9 - Ch2 1.8V output transient 0 to 9A.
Figure 10 - Ch2 1.8V transient (zoomed)
Figure 12 - Ch1 is short. All channels go into hiccup.
Figure 13 - Ch2 is in short. All channels are in hiccup.
Figure 11 - Transient response for 2.5V LDO output
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
Figure 14 - LDO in short. All channels go into hiccup.
12
Page 13
NX2601
RIPPLEINS
1
IVF
0.315A12V300kHz
=4.6A
SOUT
==Ω
ESR=4.3m
ERIPPLE
6m4.6A
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Symbol Used In Application Information:
VIN - Input voltage
VOUT - Output voltage
IOUT - Output current
DVRIPPLE - Output voltage ripple
FS - Switching frequency
DIRIPPLE - Inductor current ripple
The selection of inductor value is based on inductor ripple current, power rating, working frequency and
efficiency. Larger inductor value normally means smaller
ripple current. However if the inductance is chosen too
large, it brings slow response and higher cost. Usually
the ripple current ranges from 20% to 40% of the output
current. This is a design freedom which can be decided
by design engineer according to various application requirements. The inductor value can be calculated by using
the following equations:
V-VV
OUT
∆
INOUT OUT
××
×
12V-1.2V1.2V1
OUT
OUT
×
××
...(1)
L=
I=kI
RIPPLEOUTPUT
where k is between 0.2 to 0.4.
Select k=0.3, then
L=
L=0.8uH
Choose LOUT=0.78uH, then coilcraft inductor
DO5010P-781HC is a good choice.
Current Ripple is calculated as
V-VV
I=
∆××
RIPPLE
INOUT OUT
LVF
OUTINS
12V-1.2V1.2V1
0.78uH12V300kHz
××=
1
...(2)
Output Capacitor Selection
Output capacitor is basically decided by the
amount of the output voltage ripple allowed during steady
state(DC) load condition as well as specification for the
load transient. The optimum design may require a couple
of iterations to satisfy both condition.
Based on DC Load Condition
The amount of voltage ripple during the DC load
condition is determined by equation(3).
∆
I
∆=×∆+
VESRI
RIPPLERIPPLE
Where ESR is the output capacitors' equivalent
series resistance,C
is the value of output capacitors.
OUT
Typically when large value capacitors are selected
such as Aluminum Electrolytic,POSCAP and OSCON
types are used, the amount of the output voltage ripple
is dominated by the first term in equation(3) and the
second term can be neglected.
For this example, POSCAP are chosen as output
capacitors, the ESR and inductor current typically determines the output voltage ripple.
desire
V
RIPPLE
∆
I4.6A
RIPPLE
20mV
∆
If low ESR is required, for most applications, multiple capacitors in parallel are better than a big capacitor. For example, for 20mV output ripple, POSCAP
2R5TPD680M6 with 6mΩ are chosen.
ESRI
N
=
∆
×∆
V
RIPPLE
Number of Capacitor is calculated as
20mV
Ω×
=
N
N =1.38
The number of capacitor has to be round up to a
integer. Choose N =2.
RIPPLE
××
8FC
...(3)
...(4)
...(5)
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
13
Page 14
NX2601
tran
2
∆=×∆+×τ
OUTcrit
ESRCifLL
OUTOUTEEOUT
crit
LL
2
=+×τ
EEcrit
ESRCifLL
0.33H
=µ
6m680F5.67us
2
(5.67us)
1.3×∆=+×τ
If ceramic capacitors are chosen as output capacitors, both terms in equation (3) need to be evaluated
to determine the overall ripple. Usually when this type of
capacitors are selected, the amount of capacitance per
single unit is not sufficient to meet the transient specification, which results in parallel configuration of multiple
capacitors.
Based On Transient Requirement
Typically, the output voltage droop during transient
is specified as
∆V
droop
∆V
<
@step load DI
STEP
During the transient, the voltage droop during the
transient is composed of two sections. One section is
dependent on the ESR of capacitor, the other section is
a function of the inductor, output capacitance as well as
input, output voltage. For example, for the overshoot
when load from high load to light load with a DI
STEP
transient load, if assuming the bandwidth of system is high
enough, the overshoot can be estimated as the following
equation.
V
VESRI
overshootstep
OUT
2LC
××
OUT
...(6)
where τ is the a function of capacitor, etc.
0ifLL
LI
×∆
τ=
V
OUT
≤
crit
step
−×≥
...(7)
where
ESRCVESRCV
××××
==
II
∆∆
stepstep
...(8)
L
crit
where ESRE and CE represents ESR and capacitance of each capacitor if multiple capacitors are used
in parallel.
The above equation shows that if the selected output inductor is smaller than the critical inductance, the
voltage droop or overshoot is only dependent on the ESR
of output capacitor. For low frequency capacitor such
as electrolytic capacitor, the product of ESR and ca-
pacitance is high and
≤ is true. In that case, the
transient spec is likely to dependent on the ESR of capacitor.
For most cases, the output capacitors are mul-
tiple capacitor in parallel. The number of capacitors can
be calculated by the following
ESRI
×∆
N
Estep
V2LCV
∆×××∆
tranEtran
V
OUT
...(9)
where
0ifLL
LI
×∆
τ=
V
OUT
≤
crit
step
−×≥
...(10)
For example, assume voltage droop during tran-
sient is 100mV for 15A load step.
If the POSCAP 2R5TPD680M6 (680uF, 6mohm
ESR) is used, the crticial inductance is given as
ESRCV
××
EEOUT
==
I
∆
step
L
crit
6m680F1.2V
Ω×µ×
15A
The selected inductor is 0.78uH which is bigger
than critical inductance. In that case, the output voltage
transient not only dependent on the ESR, but also capacitance.
number of capacitors is
LI
×∆
step
τ=−×
V
OUT
0.78H15A
µ×
=−Ω×µ=
1.2V
ESRI
N
6m15A
Ω×
=+
100mV
20.78H680F100mV
×µ×µ×
ESRC
EE
Estep
V2LCV
∆×××∆
tranEtran
1.2V
V
OUT
×
2
=
The number of capacitors has to satisfied both ripple
and transient requirement. Overall, we can choose N=2.
It should be considered that the proposed equation is based on ideal case, in reality, the droop or overshoot is typically more than the calculation. The equation gives a good start. For more margin, more capacitors have to choose after the test. Typically, for high
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
14
Page 15
NX2601
F ...(11)
F ...(12)
F ...(13)
F ...(14)
[
]
42233
(1sRC)1s(RR)C
frequency capacitor such as high quality POSCAP especially ceramic capacitor, 20% up 100% (for ceramic)
more capacitors have to be chosen since the ESR of
capacitors is so low that the PCB parasitics can affect
the results tremendously. More capacitors have to be
selected to compensate these parasitic parameters.
Compensator Design
Due to the double pole generated by LC filter of the
power stage, the power system has 180o phase shift ,
and therefore, is unstable by itself. In order to achieve
accurate output voltage and fast transient response,
compensator is employed to provide highest possible
bandwidth and enough phase margin.Ideally,the Bode
plot of the closed loop system has crossover frequency
between1/10 and 1/5 of the switching frequency, phase
margin greater than 50o and the gain crossing 0db with 20db/decade. Power stage output capacitors usually
decide the compensator type. If electrolytic capacitors
are chosen as output capacitors, type II compensator
can be used to compensate the system, because the
zero caused by output capacitor ESR is lower than crossover frequency. Otherwise type III compensator should
be chosen.
where FZ1,FZ2,FP1 and FP2 are poles and zeros in
the compensator. Their locations are shown in figure 15.
The transfer function of type III compensator is
given by:
V
e
=×
VsR(CC)
OUT 221
1
×+
Vout
Zin
R3
+××++×
CC
×
(1sR)1sRC
+××+×
21
433
CC
21
+
()
Zf
C1
C2
R4
R2
C3
Fb
Ve
R1
Vref
A. Type III compensator design
For low ESR output capacitors, typically such as
Sanyo OSCON and POSCAP, the frequency of ESR zero
caused by output capacitors is higher than the crossover frequency. In this case, it is necessary to compensate the system with type III compensator. The following figures and equations show how to realize the type III
compensator by voltage mode amplifier.
1
2RC
×π××
42
1
2(RR)C
×π×+×
233
1
2RC
×π××
33
1
CC
×
2R
×π××
4
CC
12
+
12
=
Z1
=
Z2
=
P1
=
P2
power stage
LC
F
Gain(db)
40dB/decade
loop gain
ESR
F
20dB/decade
compensator
F
Z1Z2
F
F
O
F
P1
F
P2
Figure 15 - Type III compensator and its bode plot
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
15
Page 16
The crossover frequency usually is selected as
LC
F
ESR
F
20.78uH1320uF
23m1360uF
R=20.8k
==Ω
=(-)
210.4k4.89kHz39kHz
=2.8nF
=1360uF
20.754.89kHz5k
×π×××Ω
25k150kHz
239kHz2.7nF
Gain= ... (15)
F= ... (16)
F= ... (17)
FLC<FO<F
and FO<=1/10~1/5F
ESR,
for type III
s
compensator .
1.Calculate the location of LC double pole
and ESR zero
F
LC
=
2LC
×π××
=
.
1
OUTOUT
1
×π××
4.89kHz
=
F
=
ESR
=
39kHz
=
2.Set R
RV
1
V-V1.2V-0.8V
2ESRC
×π××
×π×Ω×
equal to10.4kΩ.
2
×
2REF
OUT REF
1
OUT
1
10.4k0.8V
Ω×
Choose R1= 20.8kΩ.
3. Set zero FZ2 = FLC and Fp1 =F
ESR
.
4. Calculate R4 and C3 with the crossover frequency
smaller than 1/10~ 1/5 of the swithing frequency. Set
FO=25kHz.
C=(-)
3
111
2RFF
×π×
×π×Ω
×
2z2p1
111
×
Choose C3=2.7nF.
V2FL
R=C
4out
VC
1V225kHz0.8uH
12V2.7nF
=5.3k
×π××
OSCO
××
in3
×π××
××
Ω
Choose R4=5k
5. Calculate C2 with zero Fz1 at 75% of the LC
double pole by equation (11).
NX2601
C
=
2
2FR
=
8.8nF
=
Choose C2=8.2nF
6. Calculate C1 by equation (14) with pole Fp2 at
half the swithing frequency.
C
=
1
=
212pF
=
Choose C1=220pF
7. Calculate R3 by equation (13).
1
×π××
Z14
1
1
2RF
×π××
4P2
1
×π×Ω×
R
=
3
=
1.5k
=Ω
Choose R3= 1.5kΩ.
B. Type II compensator design
If the electrolytic capacitors are chosen as power
stage output capacitors, usually the Type II compensator can be used to compensate the system.
Type II compensator can be realized by simple
RC circuit as shown in figure 16.R3 and C1 introduce a
zero to cancel the double pole effect. C2 introduces a
pole to suppress the switching noise. The following equations show the compensator pole zero location and constant gain.
z
2RC
p
2RC
1
2FC
×π××
P13
1
×π××
R
3
R
2
1
×π××
31
1
×π××
32
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
16
Page 17
NX2601
21.5uH4500uF
26.33m4500uF
=10k
=24.8k
××Ω
224.8k0.751.94kHz
p
F
24.8k200kHz
Vout
R2
R1
power stage
Gain(db)
loop gain
Vref
Fb
R3
C2
C1
40dB/decade
20dB/decade
Ve
F
=
LC
2LC
×π××
=
1
OUTOUT
1
×π××
1.94kHz
=
F
=
ESR
2ESRC
=
5.6kHz
=
2.Set crossover frequency FO=20kHz>>F
1
×π××
OUT
1
×π×Ω×
ESR
.
3. Set R2 equal to10kΩ. Based on output voltage,
using equation 18, the final selection of R1 is 20kΩ.
4.Calculate R3 value by the following equation.
V2FL
R=R
OSCO
32
VESR
in
1V220kHz1.5uH
12V6.33m
×π××
××
×π××
Ω
Ω
compensator
Gain
F
F
LC
Z
ESRFO
P
F
F
Figure 16 - Type II compensator and its bode plot
For type II compensator, FO has to satisfy
FLC<F
<<FO<=1/10~1/5F
ESR
s.
The following parameters are used as an example for type II compensator design, three 1500uF
with 19mohm Sanyo electrolytic CAP 6MV1500WGL
are used as output capacitors. Coilcraft DO5010P152HC 1.5uH is used as output inductor. The other
power stage information is that:
V
IN=12V, VOUT=1.2V, IOUT =15A, FS=200kHz.
1.Calculate the location of LC double pole F
and ESR zero F
ESR
.
LC
Choose R3 =24.8kΩ.
5. Calculate C1 by setting compensator zero F
at 75% of the LC double pole.
C=
1
=
1
2RF
×π××
3z
1
×π×Ω××
=4.4nF
Choose C1=4.7nF.
6. Calculate C2 by setting compensator pole
at half the swithing frequency.
C=
2
=
1
RF
π××
3s
1
π×Ω×
=64pF
Choose C2=68pF
Z
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
17
Page 18
NX2601
OUT
REF
2REF
OUT REF
R1.6V1.6V/(1/16W)40
=×=Ω
IID1-D
gateHGATEHGSLGATELGSS
P(QVQV)F
=×+××
Output Voltage Calculation
Output voltage is set by reference voltage and
external voltage divider. The reference voltage is fixed
at 0.8V. The divider consists of two ratioed resistors
so that the output voltage applied at the Fb pin is 0.8V
when the output voltage is at the desired value. The
following equation and picture show the relationship
between
V,
R=
1
Vand voltage divider..
RV
×
V-V
...(18)
where R2 is part of the compensator, and the
value of R1 value can be set by voltage divider.
Choose R2=10kΩ, to set the output voltage at
1.8V, the result of R1 is 8kΩ.
Vout
R2
Fb
R1
Vref
Voltage divider
Figure 17 - Voltage divider
In general, the minimum output load impedance
including the resistor divider should be less than 5kΩ to
prevent overcharge the output voltage by leakage current (e.g. Error Amplifier feedback pin bias current). A
minimum load for 5kΩ less (<1/16w for most of application) is recommended to put at the output. For example,
in this application,
Vout=1.6V
The power loss is 1/16W less
LOAD
Select minimum load is 1kΩ should be good
enough.
Input Capacitor Selection
Input capacitors are usually a mix of high frequency
ceramic capacitors and bulk capacitors. Ceramic capacitors bypass the high frequency noise, and bulk ca-
pacitors supply current to the MOSFETs. Usually 1uF
ceramic capacitor is chosen to decouple the high frequency noise. The bulk input capacitors are decided by
voltage rating and RMS current rating. The RMS current
in the input capacitor can be calculated
=××
RMSOUT
V
OUT
D
=
V
IN
...(19)
VIN = 12V, VOUT=1.2V, IOUT=15A, using equation
(19), the result of input RMS current is 4.5A.
For higher efficiency, low ESR capacitors are
recommended.
Two Sanyo OS-CON SVPA180M 16V 180uF
29m
O with 3.4A RMS rating are chosen as input bulk
capacitors.
Power MOSFETs Selection
The NX2601 requires two N-Channel power
MOSFETs. The selection of MOSFETs is based on
maximum drain source voltage, gate source voltage,
maximum current rating, MOSFET on resistance and
power dissipation. The main consideration is the power
loss contribution of MOSFETs to the overall converter
efficiency. In this design example, two IRFR3706 are
used. They have the following parameters: VDS=30V, I
=75A,R
=9mΩ,Q
DSON
GATE
=23nC.
There are three factors causing the MOSFET power
loss:conduction loss, switching loss and gate driver loss.
Gate driver loss is the loss generated by discharging the gate capacitor and is dissipated in driver circuits.
It is proportional to frequency and is defined as:
...(20)
where QHGATE is the high side MOSFETs gate
charge,QLGATE is the low side MOSFETs gate charge,VHGS
is the high side gate source voltage, and V
LGS
is
the low side gate source voltage.
According to equation (3), PGATE =0.07W. This
power dissipation should not exceed maximum power
dissipation of the driver device.
Conduction loss is simply defined as:
D
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
18
Page 19
NX2601
P=I(1D)RK
×−××
SWINOUTSWS
PVITF
=××××
R6.8k
==Ω
Frequency(khz)
P=IDRK
HCONOUTDS(ON)
LCONOUTDS(ON)
P=PP
TOTALHCONLCON
2
×××
2
+
...(21)
where the RDS(ON) will increases as MOSFET junction temperature increases, K is RDS(ON) temperature
dependency. As a result, RDS(ON) should be selected for
the worst case, in which K equals to 1.4 at 125oC
according to IRFR3706 datasheet. Using equation (4),
the result of PTOTAL is 0.54W. Conduction loss should
not exceed package rating or overall system thermal
budget.
Switching loss is mainly caused by crossover conduction at the switching transition. The total switching
loss can be approximated.
1
2
...(22)
where IOUT is output current, TSW is the sum of TR and
TF which can be found in mosfet datasheet, and FS is
switching frequency. The result of PSW is 1.5W.
Swithing loss PSW is frequency dependent.
Soft Start and Enable
NX2601 has two switching controller and one LDO
controller. Each of them has individual digital soft start.
Each channel has one enable pin for start up. When the
Power Ready (POR) signal is high and the voltage at
enable pin is above 1.25V, the internal digital counter
starts to operate and the voltage at positive input of Error
amplifier starts to increase, the feedback network will
force the output voltage follows the reference and starts
the output slowly. After 2048 cycles, the soft start is
complete and the output voltage is regulated to the desired voltage decided by the feedback resistor divider
The start up of NX2601 can be programmed through
resistor divider at Enable pin. For example, for channel
1, if the input bus voltage is 12V and we want NX2601
starts when Vbus is above 8V. We can select
R2=1.24k
(8V1.25V)R
1
1.25V
−×
2
The NX2601 can be turned off by pulling down the
ENable pin by extra signal MOSFET as shown in the
above Figure. When Enable pin (ENSW1) is below 1.15V,
the digital soft start is reset to zero. In addition, all the
high side is off and output voltage is turned off.
Frequency Selection
The frequency can be set by external Rt resistor.
The relationship between frequency and RT pin is shown
as follows.
Frequency(kHz) vs. RT
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
203040506070
Rt(kohm)
Vbus
+
OFF
ON
10k
R1
R2
Figure 18 - Enable and Shut down the NX2601
with Enable pin.
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
ENSW1
1.25/1.15
POR
Digital
start
up
Figure 19 - Frequency versus Rt resistor
For example, for 300kHz operation, Rt is about
62kohm.
Over Current Limit Protection
Over current limit for step down converter is
achieved by sensing current through the low side
19
Page 20
NX2601
1.25
I=
SWLDSON
IR+V
IIR/R
I20uA
RR9mohm9kohm
RDSONLDOINLDOOUTLOAD
(3.3V2.5V)/2A0.4
=−=Ω
(3.3V2.5V)2A1.6W
C=
2FR1+gESR
C= =155pF
×Ω
MOSFET. Inside NX2601, the current through Rt pin is
mirrored and injecting to the pin OCP. Since the current
through Rt pin is decided as
RT
R
t
This current is very accurate and does not change
with silicon process and temperature, the over current
limit tripping point can be set more accurate than traditional current source. This scheme is the property of
Nexsem. When synchronous FET is on, the voltage at
node SW is given as
V=-IR×
The voltage at pin OCP is given as
×
OCPOCPSW
When the voltage is below zero, the over current
occurs. The over current limit can be set by the following
equation
=×
SETRTOCPDSON
For example, For 20A current limit and 9mohm
Rdson for IRFR3706, the OCP set resistor is calculated
as
1.25V
limit, the other channels include LDO will go to hiccup
too.
==
RT
62k
I
SET
=×=×=
OCPDSON
I20uA
RT
20A
Select OCP set resistor R=10.5k.
For NX2601, if one channel goes to hiccup current
important is that MOSFET has to be selected right package to handle the thermal capability. For LDO, maximum power dissipation is given as
P(VV)I
=−×
LOSSLDOINLDOOUTLOAD
=−×=
Select IR MOSFET IRFR3706 with 9mΩ R
DSON
is
sufficient.
LDO Compensation
The diagram of LDO controller including VCC regulator is shown in above figure 20. For low frequency
capacitor such as electrolytic, POSCAP, OSCON, etc,
The compensation parameter can be calculated as follows.
gESR
C
×π×××
Of1m
where FO is the desired loop gain.
1
Vref
R
f1
R
f2
RcCc
Figure 20 - NX2601 LDO controller.
×
m
×
LDO input
+
ESR
Rload
Co
LDO Selection Guide
NX2601 offers a LDO controller. The selection of
MOSFET to meet LDO is more straight forward. The
selection is that the Rdson of MOSFET should meet
the dropout requirement. For example.
V
=3.3V
LDOIN
V
I
Load
The maximum Rdson of MOSFET should be
R(VV)I
Most of MOSFETs can meet the requirement. More
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
=2.5V
LDOOUT
=2A
=−×
Typically, FO has to be higher than zero caused by
ESR. FO is typically around several tens kHz to a few
hundred kHz. For this example, we select Fo=100kHz.
gm is the forward trans-conductance of MOSFET.
For IRFR3706, gm=53.
Select Rf1=5kohm.
Output capacitor is Sanyo POSCAP 4TPE150MI
with 150uF, ESR=18mohm.
C
15318m
2100kHz5k1+5318m
×π××Ω×Ω
×
Choose CC=150pF.
20
Page 21
NX2601
5k0.8V/(2.5V0.8)2.35k
=Ω×−=Ω
For electrolytic or POSCAP, RC is typically
selected to be zero.
Rf2 is determined by the desired output voltage
RRV/(VV)
=×−
f2f1REFLDOOUTREF
Choose Rf2=2.34kΩ.
Current Limit for LDO
Current limit of LDO is achieved by sensing the
LDO feedback voltage. When LDO_FB pin is below 0.4V,
the IC goes into hiccup mode. The IC will turn off all the
channel (Channel 1 and Channel 2 ) for 2096 cycles and
start to restart system again.
Layout Considerations
The layout is very important when designing high
frequency switching converters. Layout will affect noise
pickup and can cause a good design to perform with
less than expected results.
There are two sets of components considered in
the layout which are power components and small signal components. Power components usually consist of
input capacitors, high-side MOSFET, low-side MOSFET,
inductor and output capacitors. A noisy environment is
generated by the power components due to the switching power. Small signal components are connected to
sensitive pins or nodes. A multilayer layout which includes power plane, ground plane and signal plane is
recommended .
Layout guidelines:
1. First put all the power components in the top
layer connected by wide, copper filled areas. The input
capacitor, inductor, output capacitor and the MOSFETs
should be close to each other as possible. This helps to
reduce the EMI radiated by the power loop due to the
high switching currents through them.
2. Low ESR capacitor which can handle input RMS
ripple current and a high frequency decoupling ceramic
cap which usually is 1uF need to be practically touching the drain pin of the upper MOSFET, a plane connection is a must.
3. The output capacitors should be placed as close
as to the load as possible and plane connection is required.
4. Drain of the low-side MOSFET and source of
the high-side MOSFET need to be connected thru a plane
ans as close as possible. A snubber nedds to be placed
as close to this junction as possible.
5. Source of the lower MOSFET needs to be connected to the GND plane with multiple vias. One is not
enough. This is very important. The same applies to the
output capacitors and input capacitors.
6. Hdrv and Ldrv pins should be as close to
MOSFET gate as possible. The gate traces should be
wide and short. A place for gate drv resistors is needed
to fine tune noise if needed.
7. Vcc capacitor, BST capacitor or any other bypassing capacitor needs to be placed first around the IC
and as close as possible. The capacitor on comp to
GND or comp back to FB needs to be place as close to
the pin as well as resistor divider.
8. The output sense line which is sensing output
back to the resistor divider should not go through high
frequency signals.
9. All GNDs need to go directly thru via to GND
plane.
10. The feedback part of the system should be
kept away from the inductor and other noise sources,
and be placed close to the IC.
11. In multilayer PCB, separate power ground and
analog ground. These two grounds must be connected
together on the PC board layout at a single point.The
goal is to localize the high current path to a separate
loop that does not interfere with the more sensitive analog control function.
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
21
Page 22
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
10
R15
100k
1nF
1uF
150pF
R17
2.35k
R21
1.25k
R23
1.25k
R12
5k
R13
1.65k
C18
R19
1.25k
R11
11
10
9
8
7
3
1
2
6
30
31
REG FB
REG OUT
AUXVCC
LDO OUT
LDO FB
ENLDO
ENSW1
ENSW2
RT
VP
VREF
+5V
VIN2
+3.3V
VOUT3
+2.5V/2A
OFF
ON
VIN1
R25
C17
68uF
47pF
C16
2N3904
2N3904
6.8k
R18
1.5k
R20
6.8k
R22
R16
C24
0
5k
C25
1uF
R24
C21
C20
150uF
2N3904
M5
C19
150uF
10k
R26
10k
VIN1
OFF
R27
ON
10k
R28
10k
C15
1uF
5
VCC
N X 2 6 0 1
GND
4
PVCC1
BST1
HDRV1
SW1
OCP1
LDRV1
PGND1
Fb1
Comp1
PVCC2
BST2
HDRV2
SW2
OCP2
LDRV2
PGND2
Comp2
Fb2
NX2601
C1
23
24
25
26
27
22
21
29
28
18
17
16
15
14
19
20
12
13
1uF
R1
R6
1uF
C8
24.8k
R10
25k
C23
10.5k
R5
3k
C22
68pF
D1
C4
0.1uF
D2
C11
0.1uF
68pF
+5V
M1
M2
+5V
C5
4.7nF
C12
4.7nF
L2 1.5uH
M3
L4 1.5uH
M4
L1 1uH
C2
180uF
C9
180uF
C3
100uF
R3
10k
R4
20.8k
R8
10k
R9
10k
VIN1
+12V
VOUT1
C7
3 x (1500uF,19mohm)
+1.2V@15A
VOUT2
C14
2 x (1500uF,19mohm)
+1.6V/10A
Figure 21 - NX2601 application with electrolytic capacitors as output capacitors
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
22
Page 23
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS(cont')
10
R15
30k
1nF
1uFC24
100pF
R17
2.35k
R21
1.25k
R23
1.25k
R12
5k
R13
1.65k
C18
R19
1.25k
R11
11
10
9
8
7
3
1
2
6
30
31
REG FB
REG OUT
AUXVCC
LDO OUT
LDO FB
ENLDO
ENSW1
ENSW2
RT
VP
VREF
C15
1uF
5
VCC
N X 2 6 0 1
GND
4
VIN2
+3.3V
VOUT3
+2.5V/2A
OFF
ON
VIN1
R25
+5V
C17
2.2uF
R29
10k
C16
33pF
2N3904
C20
M5
10uF
C19
47uF
10k
2N3904
R26
10k
VIN1
OFF
R27
ON
10k
R28
10k
2N3904
1.5k
6.8k
6.8k
R20
R22
R18
R16
5k
R24
C21
2.5k
C25
1uF
PVCC1
BST1
HDRV1
SW1
OCP1
LDRV1
PGND1
Fb1
Comp1
PVCC2
BST2
HDRV2
SW2
OCP2
LDRV2
PGND2
Comp2
Fb2
NX2601
C1
23
24
25
26
27
22
21
29
28
18
17
16
15
14
19
20
12
13
+5V
1uF
D1
C4
0.1uF
M1
R1
10.5k
M2
C5
R5
5k
3.9nF
C22
100pF
C8
+5V
1uF
D2
C11
0.1uF
R6
3k
C12
R10
5k
3.9nF
C23
100pF
L2 0.68uH
M3
L4 2.2uH
M4
L1 1uH
C2
180uF
C9
39uF
440
C6
1.2nF
440
C6
1.2nF
VIN1
C3
100uF
+12V
VOUT1
C7
R3
11k
R4
22k
6 x 47uF
R2
+1.2V@10A
VOUT2
C14
11k
R9
R8
8.9k
2 x47uF
R7
+1.8V/5A
Figure 22 - NX2601 application with ceramic capacitors as output capacitors
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
23
Page 24
MLPQ 32 PIN 5 x 5 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
D
NX2601
TOP VIEW
D/2
D2
D2/2
E/2
L
E
A
SIDE VIEW
A1
e
2
1
N N-1
BTM VIEW
A3
R
E2/2
E2
Exposed Pad
B
SEATING
PLANE
32 PIN 5 x 5 SYMBOL
NAME
MIN NOM MAX
A 0.80 0.90 1.00
A1 0.00 0.02 0.05
A3 0.20REF
B 0.18 0.25 0.30
D 5.00BSC
D2 3.30 3.45 3.55
E 5.00BSC
E2 3.30 3.45 3.55
e 0.50BSC
L 0.30 0.40 0.50
R 0.09 --- ---
ND 6
NE 6
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE DISPLAYED IN MILLIMETERS.
ND AND NE REFER TO THE NUMBER OF TERMINALS ON EACH D AND E SIDE RESPECTIVELY.
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
24
Page 25
MLPQ 32 PIN 5 x 5 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
NX2601
Rev. 2.3
12/01/06
NOTE:
1. R7 = 7 INCH LOCK REEL, R13 = 13 INCH LOCK REEL.
2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE DISPLAYED IN MILLIMETERS.
25
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.