1.5 A Adjustable Output,
Positive Voltage Regulator
The LM317 is an adjustable 3−terminal positive voltage regulator
capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of
1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and
requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it
employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area
compensation, making it essentially blow−out proof.
The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on
card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable
output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the
adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current
regulator.
Features
• Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A
• Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V
• Internal Thermal Overload Protection
• Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature
• Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation
• Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications
• Available in Surface Mount D
Transistor Package
• Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages
• Pb−Free Packages are Available
2
PAK−3, and Standard 3−Lead
http://onsemi.com
D2PAK−3
D2T SUFFIX
2
1
3
Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in
case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2.
1
2
3
Pin 1. Adjust
2. V
3. V
CASE 936
TO−220
T SUFFIX
CASE 221A
out
in
V
in
Cin*
0.1 mF
**Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
**C
is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response.
O
V
+ 1.25Vǒ1 )
out
Since I
is controlled to less than 100 mA, the error associated with this term is
Adj
negligible in most applications.
I
Adj
LM317
Adjust
R
2
R
R
2
1
Ǔ
)I
Adj
V
out
R
1
240
+
CO**
1.0 mF
R
2
Figure 1. Standard Application
Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2.
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet.
DEVICE MARKING INFORMATION
See general marking information in the device marking
section on page 10 of this data sheet.
TA = +25°CP
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Ambient
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Case
D
q
JA
q
JC
Case 936 (D2PAK−3)
TA = +25°CP
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Ambient
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Case
Operating Junction Temperature RangeT
Storage Temperature RangeT
D
q
JA
q
JC
J
stg
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit
values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V
I−VO
= 5.0 V; I
= 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = T
O
low
to T
high
(Note 2); unless otherwise noted.)
CharacteristicsFigureSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 3.0 V ≤ VI−VO ≤ 40 V1Reg
Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ I
max
2Reg
VO ≤ 5.0 V
VO ≥ 5.0 V
Thermal Regulation, TA = +25°C (Note 4), 20 ms PulseReg
Adjustment Pin Current3I
Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V ≤ VI−VO ≤ 40 V,
10 mA ≤ IL ≤ I
max
, PD ≤ P
max
Reference Voltage, 3.0 V ≤ VI−VO ≤ 40 V,
10 mA ≤ IO ≤ I
max
, PD ≤ P
max
1, 2
3V
DI
Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V ≤ VI−VO ≤ 40 V1Reg
Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ I
max
2Reg
VO ≤ 5.0 V
VO ≥ 5.0 V
Temperature Stability (T
Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI−VO = 40 V)3I
Maximum Output Current
VI−VO ≤ 15 V, PD ≤ P
VI−VO = 40 V, PD ≤ P
≤ TJ ≤ T
low
T Package
max,
, TA = +25°C, T Package
max
)3T
high
Lmin
3I
line
load
therm
Adj
Adj
ref
line
load
S
max
−0.010.04%/V
−
−
5.0
0.1
−0.030.07% VO/W
−50100
−0.25.0
1.21.251.3V
−0.020.07% V
−
−
20
0.3
−0.7−% V
−3.510mA
1.5
0.15
2.2
0.4
RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25°C, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHzN−0.003−% V
Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 5)
Without C
C
Long−Term Stability, TJ = T
= 10 mF
Adj
Adj
(Note 6), TA = +25°C for
high
4RR
−
66
65
80
3S−0.31.0%/1.0 k
Endpoint Measurements
Thermal Resistance Junction−to−Case, T Package
1. T
to T
low
NCV317BT, BD2T.
2. I
max
3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account
= 0° to +125°C, for LM317T, D2T. T
high
= 1.5 A, P
max
= 20 W
low
to T
= −40° to +125°C, for LM317BT, BD2T, T
high
R
q
JC
−5.0−°C/W
to T
low
separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
4. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die.
These effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these
temperature gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time.
5. C
, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground.
Adj
6. Since Long−Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average
stability from lot to lot.
40Vdc
Internally LimitedW
65°C/W
5.0°C/W
Internally LimitedW
70°C/W
5.0°C/W
− 55 to +150°C
− 65 to +150°C
(Note 1); I
0.5
25
max
and P
mV
% V
mA
mA
70
1.5
mV
% V
A
−
−
dB
−
−
Hrs.
= −55° to +150°C, for
high
max
O
O
O
O
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2
Page 3
310310230120
Adj
125 k
135
12.4 k
LM317, NCV317
5.6 k
6.7 k
5.0 pF
12 k
6.8 k
510
170
160
200
6.3 V
13 k
6.3 V
V
in
6.3 V
190
*
*Pulse testing required.
*1% Duty Cycle
*is suggested.
3.6 k 5.8 k 1105.1 k
Figure 2. Representative Schematic Diagram
V
CC
V
IH
V
IL
V
C
0.1 mF
in
30pF
30pF
2.4 k
12.5 k
This device contains 29 active transistors.
LineRegulation(%ńV) +
V
in
LM317
out
Adjust
R
I
Adj
1
240
1%
|VOH–VOL|
|VOL|
+
C
O
1.0 mF
x100
105
4.0
0.1
V
out
Adjust
V
OH
V
OL
R
L
R
2
1%
Figure 3. Line Regulation and DI
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3
/Line Test Circuit
Page 4
LM317, NCV317
V
I
C
in
V
0.1 mF
in
Load Regulation (mV) = V
V
I
C
in
LM317
I
Adj
Adjust
R
2
out
R
I
L
240
1
1%
V
1%
(min Load) − V
O
(max Load)Load Regulation (% VO) =x 100
O
Figure 4. Load Regulation and DI
V
in
0.1 mF
LM317
I
Adj
Adjust
V
(min Load)
R
L
(max Load)
*
+
C
1.0 mF
O
R
L
(min Load)
O
(max Load)
V
O
*Pulse testing required.
*1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
V
(min Load)− V
O
(max Load)
O
VO (min Load)
/Load Test Circuit
Adj
V
out
240
R
1
1%
I
L
V
ref
R
L
+
C
1.0 mF
O
V
O
24 V
14 V
f = 120 Hz
* Pulse testing required.
* 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
V
in
C
0.1 mF
in
I
SET
R
2
1%
To Calculate R2: V
To Calculate R2: Assume I
= I
out
Figure 5. Standard Test Circuit
V
LM317
R
2
Adjust
1.65 k
1%
out
240
R
1
1%
+
C
10 mF
Adj
SET R2
SET
+ 1.250 V
= 5.25 mA
D1*
1N4002
C
R
+
L
1.0 mF
O
V
= 10 V
out
V
O
*D1 Discharges C
if output is shorted to Ground.
Adj
Figure 6. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit
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4
Page 5
0.4
0.2
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
−0.8
out
ΔV
−1.0
−50−250255075100 125150
μI
70
65
60
55
50
45
, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A)
40
Adj
35
−50 −250255075100 125 150
LM317, NCV317
4.0
3.0
IL = 0.5 A
, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
I
out
2.0
1.0
IL = 1.5 A
Vin = 15 V
V
= 10 V
out
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. Load RegulationFigure 8. Current Limit
3.0
2.5
2.0
, INPUT−OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
1.5
in out
V−V
1.0
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ = 25°C
150°C
0
010203040
Vin−V
, INPUT−OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
out
DV
= 100 mV
out
−50 −250255075100125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
−55°C
IL = 1.5 A
1.0 A
500 mA
200 mA
20 mA
V , REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
ref
1.26
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.22
Figure 9. Adjustment Pin CurrentFigure 10. Dropout Voltage
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
1.0
B
I
0.5
−50 −250255075100125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
0
0 10203040
Vin−V
, INPUT−OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
out
Figure 11. Temperature StabilityFigure 12. Minimum Operating Current
TJ = −55°C
+25°C
+150°C
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5
Page 6
100
0
C
Adj
80
Without C
60
40
Vin − V
= 5 V
out
20
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
IL = 500 mA
f = 120 Hz
TJ = 25°C
0
05.0101520253035
V
, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
out
Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Output
Voltage
100
80
60
40
20
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
0
101001.0 k 10 k100 k1.0 M 10 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
IL = 500 mA
Vin = 15 V
V
out
TJ = 25°C
C
Without C
= 10 mF
= 10 V
= 10 mF
Adj
LM317, NCV317
Adj
Ω, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ()
O
Z
Adj
120
100
C
= 10 mF
80
60
40
Vin = 15 V
V
= 10 V
out
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
20
f= 120 Hz
Adj
Without C
TJ = 25°C
0
0.010.11.01
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
Figure 14. Ripple Rejection versus
Output Current
1
10
0
10
−1
10
−2
10
−3
10
Vin = 15 V
V
= 10 V
out
IL = 500 mA
TJ = 25°C
Without C
Adj
C
= 10 mF
Adj
101001.0 k10 k100 k1.0 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
Adj
Figure 15. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency
1.5
1.0
out
0.5
ΔV
0
VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
1.0
, INPUT, OUTPUT
in
0.5
V
Δ
0
VOTLAGE CHANGE (V)
0 10203040
V
= 10 V
out
IL = 50 mA
TJ = 25°C
CL = 1.0 mF;
C
= 10 mF
Adj
V
in
t, TIME (ms)
Figure 17. Line Transient ResponseFigure 18. Load Transient Response
CL = 0;
Without C
Figure 16. Output Impedance
3.0
2.0
CL = 1.0 mF;
1.0
C
, OUTPUT
0
out
ΔV
−1.0
−2.0
VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
−3.0
, LOAD
L
I
CURRENT (A)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Adj
= 10 mF
Adj
Vin = 15 V
V
= 10 V
CL = 0;
Without C
Adj
out
INL = 50 mA
TJ = 25°C
I
L
010203040
t, TIME (ms)
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Page 7
LM317, NCV317
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Basic Circuit Operation
The LM317 is a 3−terminal floating regulator. In
operation, the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal
1.25 V reference (V
) between its output and adjustment
ref
terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a
programming current (I
) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this
PROG
constant current flows through R2 to ground.
The regulated output voltage is given by:
R
2
V
+V
ref
ǒ1 )
out
Since the current from the adjustment terminal (I
Ǔ
)I
R
2
R
Adj
1
Adj
represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was
designed to control I
to less than 100 mA and keep it
Adj
constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is
returned to the output terminal. This imposes the
requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current
is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise.
Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the
voltage differential across the circuit which is important to
performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to
ground is possible.
V
in
LM317
Adjust
V
out
+
R
V
ref
1
I
PROG
V
out
External Capacitors
A 0.1 mF disc or 1.0 mF tantalum input bypass capacitor
(Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line
impedance.
The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to
improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (C
ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is
increased. A 10 mF capacitor should improve ripple
rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application.
Although the LM317 is stable with no output capacitance,
like any feedback circuit, certain values of external
)
capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output
capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 mF tantalum or 25 mF
aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this
effect and insures stability.
Protection Diodes
When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator
it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent
the capacitors from discharging through low current points
into the regulator.
Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended
protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or
high capacitance values (CO > 25 mF, C
> 10 mF). Diode
Adj
D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input
short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor C
discharging through the IC during an output short circuit.
The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents C
discharging through the IC during an input short circuit.
) prevents
Adj
Adj
Adj
from
I
V
= 1.25 V Typical
ref
Adj
R
2
V
out
Figure 19. Basic Circuit Configuration
Load Regulation
The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load
regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain
maximum performance. For best performance, the
programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to
the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which
effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby
degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned
near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and
improve load regulation.
D
1
1N4002
V
in
LM317
C
in
Adjust
R
V
out
C
D
2
Adj
+
1N4002
C
O
R
1
2
Figure 20. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes
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7
Page 8
LM317, NCV317
80
P
for TA = +50°C
D(max)
70
Free Air
Mounted
JAθ
R, THERMAL RESISTANCE
60
50
JUNCTION-TO-AIR ( C/W)°
40
30
Vertically
010203025155.0
Minimum
Size Pad
R
q
JA
2.0 oz. Copper
L
L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm)
Figure 21. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum
Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length
D6*
3.5
3.0
L
2.5
2.0
1.5
, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W)
D
P
1.0
V
32 V to 40 V
in
V
in1
LM317
(1)
V
0.1 mF
Adjust 1
Current
Limit
Adjust
* Diodes D1 and D2 and transistor Q2 are added to
* allow adjustment of output voltage to 0 V.
* D6 protects both LM317’s during an input short circuit.
Figure 22. ‘‘Laboratory’’ Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage
out1
1N4002
R
SC
1.0K
Q
1
2N3822
−10 V
V
in2
D
1
1N4001
D
2
1N4001
LM317
5.0 k
Q
2
2N5640
(2)
−10 V
Adjust 2
1N4001
IN4001
V
out 2
240D
Voltage
Adjust
D
3
Output Range:0 ≤ VO ≤ 25 V
D
Output Range:0 ≤ IO ≤ 1.5 A
4
5
IN4001
+
10 mF
I
out
+
1.0 mF
Tantalum
V
out
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8
Page 9
LM317, NCV317
LM317
720
D1*
1N4002
V
out
120
Minimum V
MPS2222
1.0 k
+
1.0 mF
= 1.25 V
out
V
R
+25 V
V
in
LM317
out
1.25
Adjust
* To provide current limiting of I
* ground, the source of the FET must be tied to a
to the system
O
* negative voltage below − 1.25 V.
V
− I
I
Omax
DSS
DSS
ref
+ I
DSS
+ 1.25 V + VSS,
< IO < 1.5 A.
R1 =
VO < BV
I
Lmin
As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A.
R2 ≤
I
V
DDS
ref
1
100
I
out
V
in
D
R
2
1
1N4001
D
2
1N4001
Adjust
2N5640
VSS*
* D1 protects the device during an input short circuit.
Figure 23. Adjustable Current LimiterFigure 24. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator
V
V
in
LM317
V
out
240
1N4001
in
LM317
V
R
out
1
TTL
Control
I
out
I
I
+ ǒ
out
+
10 mA ≤ I
Adj
V
R
1.25V
R
out
ref
Ǔ )I
1
1
≤ 1.5 A
Adj
Adjust
50 k
R
2
MPS2907
+
Adjust
10 mF
Figure 25. Slow Turn−On RegulatorFigure 26. Current Regulator
J0.125 MAX3.175 MAX
K0.050 REF1.270 REF
L0.000 0.010 0.000 0.254
M 0.088 0.102 2.235 2.591
N 0.018 0.026 0.457 0.660
P 0.058 0.078 1.473 1.981
R
__
S0.116 REF2.946 REF
U0.200 MIN5.080 MIN
V0.250 MIN6.350 MIN
MILLIMETERS
5 REF5 REF
8.38
0.33
10.66
0.42
1.016
0.04
3.05
0.12
17.02
0.67
SCALE 3:1
ǒ
inches
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
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11
mm
5.08
0.20
Ǔ
Page 12
LM317, NCV317
TO−220
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A−09
ISSUE AA
SEATING
−T−
PLANE
B
4
Q
123
F
T
A
U
C
S
H
K
Z
L
V
R
J
G
D
N
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL
BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE
ALLOWED.
DIM MINMAXMIN MAX
A 0.570 0.620 14.48 15.75
B 0.380 0.4059.66 10.28
C 0.160 0.1904.074.82
D 0.025 0.0350.640.88
F 0.142 0.1473.613.73
G 0.095 0.1052.422.66
H 0.110 0.1552.803.93
J 0.018 0.0250.460.64
K 0.500 0.562 12.70 14.27
L 0.045 0.0601.151.52
N 0.190 0.2104.835.33
Q 0.100 0.1202.543.04
R 0.080 0.1102.042.79
S 0.045 0.0551.151.39
T 0.235 0.2555.976.47
U 0.000 0.0500.001.27
V 0.045−−−1.15−−−
Z−−− 0.080−−−2.04
MILLIMETERSINCHES
ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should
Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates,
and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
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http://onsemi.com
12
ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com
Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder
For additional information, please contact your
local Sales Representative.
LM317/D
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