The MJE13009 is designed for high−voltage, high−speed power
switching inductive circuits where fall time is critical. They are
particularly suited for 115 and 220 V SWITCHMODE applications
such as Switching Regulators, Inverters, Motor Controls,
Solenoid/Relay drivers and Deflection circuits.
Features
• V
CEO(sus)
• Reverse Bias SOA with Inductive Loads @ T
• Inductive Switching Matrix 3 to 12 Amp, 25 and 100_C t
Total Device Dissipation @ TC = 25_C
Derate above 25°C
Total Device Dissipation @ TC = 25_C
Derate above 25°C
Operating and Storage Junction
Temperature Range
− Peak (Note 1)
− Peak (Note 1)
− Peak (Note 1)
TJ, T
CEO(sus)
CEV
EBO
I
C
I
CM
I
B
I
BM
I
E
I
EM
P
D
P
D
stg
400Vdc
700Vdc
9Vdc
12
24
6
12
18
36
2
16
100
800
−65 to
+150
W/_C
W/_C
Adc
Adc
Adc
W
W
_C
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
CharacteristicsSymbolMaxUnit
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Ambient
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Case
Maximum Lead Temperature for Soldering
Purposes 1/8″ from Case for 5 Seconds
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur.
Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not
normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are
exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and
reliability may be affected.
THERMAL LIMIT
BONDING WIRE LIMIT
SECOND BREAKDOWN LIMIT
V
CEO
3050 70 100
1m
s
Figure 1. Forward Bias Safe Operating Area
100m
σ
200
10m
σ
300500520
14
12
10
8
6
, COLLECTOR (AMP)
C
4
I
2
0
TC ≤ 100°C
IB1 = 2.5 A
3 V
1.5
100300
0
V
200400600
, COLLECTOR−EMITTER CLAMP VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
CEV
V
500700
Figure 2. Reverse Bias Switching Safe
5 V
V
BE(off)
= 9 V
800
Operating Area
The Safe Operating Area figures shown in Figures 1 and 2 are specified ratings for these devices under the test conditions shown.
0.8
1
SECOND BREAK-
DOWN DERATING
There are two limitations on the power handling ability of
a transistor: average junction temperature and second
breakdown. Safe operating area curves indicate I
C
− V
CE
limits of the transistor that must be observed for reliable
0.6
0.4
THERMAL
DERATING
operation; i.e., the transistor must not be subjected to greater
dissipation than the curves indicate.
The data of Figure 1 is based on TC = 25_C; T
J(pk)
is
variable depending on power level. Second breakdown
pulse limits are valid for duty cycles to 10% but must be
POWER DERATING FACTOR
0.2
derated when TC ≥ 25_C. Second breakdown limitations do
not derate the same as thermal limitations. Allowable
current at the voltages shown on Figure 1 may be found at
0
40120160
20
6010014080
TC, CASE TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 3. Forward Bias Power Derating
any case temperature by using the appropriate curve on
Figure 3.
T
may be calculated from the data in Figure 4. At high
J(pk)
case temperatures, thermal limitations will reduce the power
that can be handled to values less than the limitations
imposed by second breakdown. Use of reverse biased safe
operating area data (Figure 2) is discussed in the applications
information section.
1
0.7
D = 0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
r(t), TRANSIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE (NORMALIZED)
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
SINGLE PULSE
0.02
P
Z
= r(t) R
q
JC(t)
R
q
JC
D CURVES APPLY FOR POWER
PULSE TRAIN SHOWN
READ TIME AT t
T
J(pk)
0.05125102050100200500
0.10.50.21.0 k
t, TIME (ms)
Figure 4. Typical Thermal Response [Z
q
JC
= 1.25°C/W MAX
(pk)
1
Z
q
− TC = P
JC(t)
(t)]
q
JC
(pk)
t
1
t
2
DUTY CYCLE, D = t1/t
2
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3
Page 4
MJE13009
50
30
20
, DC CURRENT GAIN
10
FE
h
1.4
1.2
0.8
V, VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
0.6
2
, COLLECTOR−EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
CE
V
V, VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.05
IC = 1 A
0.10.20.55
3 A
TJ = 25°C
IB, BASE CURRENT (AMP)
5 A8 A12 A
0.30.07
Figure 6. Collector Saturation Region
IC/IB = 3
0.712
TJ = 150°C
25°C
3
− 55°C
TJ = 150°C
25°C
−
55°C
7
5
0.2
0.5157
0.3
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
VCE = 5 V
0.73
2
1020
Figure 5. DC Current Gain
IC/IB = 3
TJ = −55°C
1
25°C
150°C
0.4
0.3170.7100.20.5325
20
0
0.3170.7100.20.532520
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
REVERSE BIAS SAFE OPERATING AREA AND INDUCTIVE SWITCHING
DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
tr, tf ≤ 10 ns
TEST CIRCUITS
NOTE
PW and V
RB Adjusted for Desired I
Coil Data:
Ferroxcube Core #6656
VALUES
CIRCUIT
Full Bobbin (~16 Turns) #16
I
C
V
CE
TEST WAVEFORMS
5 V
P
W
68
0.02 mF
Adjusted for Desired I
CC
B1
tf CLAMPED
I
CM
t
1
V
CEM
TIME
0.001 mF
1
k
1N4933
270
C
tf UNCLAMPED ≈ t
t
f
t
2
1N4933
33
33
1N4933
2N2222
1
+5 V
k
1 k
2N2905
47
100
1/2 W
GAP for 200 mH/20 A
L
= 200 mH
coil
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS
2
t
V
clamp
+5 V
MJE210
R
B
I
B
D.U.T.
MJE200
−V
BE(off)
t1 ADJUSTED TO
OBTAIN I
C
L
(ICM)
coil
t1 ≈
V
CC
L
(ICM)
coil
t2 ≈
V
clamp
V
CC
L
I
MR826*
C
*SELECTED FOR ≥ 1 kV
5.1 k
V
51
VCC = 20 V
V
clamp
Test Equipment
Scope−Tektronics
475 or Equivalent
V
clamp
CE
= 300 Vdc
RESISTIVE
SWITCHING
+125 V
R
C
TUT
R
B
SCOPE
D1
−4.0
V
VCC = 125 V
RC = 15 W
D1 = 1N5820 or Equiv.
RB = W
+10 V
25 ms
0
−8 V
tr, tf < 10 ns
Duty Cycle = 1.0%
RB and RC adjusted
for desired IB and I
C
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5
Page 6
MJE13009
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION FOR SWITCHMODE SPECIFICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The primary considerations when selecting a power
transistor for SWITCHMODE applications are voltage and
current ratings, switching speed, and energy handling
capability. In this section, these specifications will be
discussed and related to the circuit examples illustrated in
Table 2. (Note 3)
VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS
Both blocking voltage and sustaining voltage are
important in SWITCHMODE applications.
Circuits B and C in Table 2 illustrate applications that
require high blocking voltage capability. In both circuits the
switching transistor is subjected to voltages substantially
higher than VCC after the device is completely off (see load
line diagrams at IC = I
≈ 0 in Table 2). The blocking
leakage
capability at this point depends on the base to emitter
conditions and the device junction temperature. Since the
highest device capability occurs when the base to emitter
junction is reverse biased (V
and specified use condition. Maximum I
), this is the recommended
CEV
at rated V
CEV
CEV
is specified at a relatively low reverse bias (1.5 V) both at
25°C and 100_C. Increasing the reverse bias will give some
improvement in device blocking capability.
The sustaining or active region voltage requirements in
switching applications occur during turn−on and turn−off. If
the load contains a significant capacitive component, high
current and voltage can exist simultaneously during turn−on
and the pulsed forward bias SOA curves (Figure 1) are the
proper design limits.
For inductive loads, high voltage and current must be
sustained simultaneously during turn−off, in most cases,
with the base to emitter junction reverse biased. Under these
conditions the collector voltage must be held to a safe level
at or below a specific value of collector current. This can be
accomplished by several means such as active clamping, RC
snubbing, load line shaping, etc. The safe level for these
devices is specified as a Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area
(Figure 2) which represents voltage−current conditions that
can be sustained during reverse biased turn−off. This rating
is verified under clamped conditions so that the device is
never subjected to an avalanche mode.
In the four application examples (Table 2) load lines are
shown in relation to the pulsed forward and reverse biased
SOA curves.
the output rectifiers, however, the voltage induced in the
primary leakage inductance is not clamped by these diodes
and could be large enough to destroy the device. A snubber
network or an additional clamp may be required to keep the
turn−off load line within the Reverse Bias SOA curve.
Load lines that fall within the pulsed forward biased SOA
curve during turn−on and within the reverse bias SOA curve
during turn−off are considered safe, with the following
assumptions:
1. The device thermal limitations are not exceeded.
2. The turn−on time does not exceed 10 ms (see standard
pulsed forward SOA curves in Figure 1).
3. The base drive conditions are within the specified
limits shown on the Reverse Bias SOA curve
(Figure 2).
CURRENT REQUIREMENTS
An efficient switching transistor must operate at the
required current level with good fall time, high energy
handling capability and low saturation voltage. On this data
sheet, these parameters have been specified at 8 amperes
which repre s ents typical design conditions for these devices.
The current drive requirements are usually dictated by the
V
specification because the maximum saturation
CE(sat)
voltage is specified at a forced gain condition which must be
duplicated or exceeded in the application to control the
saturation voltage.
SWITCHING REQUIREMENTS
In many switching applications, a major portion of the
transistor power dissipation occurs during the fall time (tfi).
For this reason considerable effort is usually devoted to
reducing the fall time. The recommended way to accomplish
this is to reverse bias the base−emitter junction during
turn−off. The reverse biased switching characteristics for
inductive loads are discussed in Figure 11 and Table 3 and
resistive loads in Figures 13 and 14. Usually the inductive
load component will be the dominant factor in
SWITCHMODE applications and the inductive switching
data will more closely represent the device performance in
actual application. The inductive switching characteristics
are derived from the same circuit used to specify the reverse
biased SOA curves, (See Table 1) providing correlation
between test procedures and actual use conditions.
In circuits A and D, inductive reactance is clamped by the
diodes shown. In circuits B and C the voltage is clamped by
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3. For detailed information on specific switching applications, see
ON Semiconductor Application Notes AN−719, AN−767.
6
Page 7
t, TIME (ns)
1K
700
500
300
200
VCC = 125 V
I
= 5
C/IB
= 25°C
T
J
t
r
MJE13009
RESISTIVE SWITCHING PERFORMANCE
2K
1K
700
500
t, TIME (ns)
300
t
s
VCC = 125 V
IC/IB = 5
TJ = 25°C
100
70
50
0.3
I
C
V
clamp
I
B90% I
0.5
td @ V
0.73120.2
BE(off)
= 5 V
7510200.7 120.20.50.3751020
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
Figure 11. Turn−On Time
90% V
t
sv
10%
B1
V
TIME
CEM
t
CEM
90% I
C
rv
t
fi
t
c
10%
Figure 13. Inductive Switching
Measurements
200
t
f
100
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
Figure 12. Turn−Off Time
I
CURRENT 2 A/DIV
V
CE
C
V
CE
VOLTAGE 50 V/DIV
I
C
V
clamp
t
ti
2%
I
CM
I
C
TIME 20 ns/DIV
Figure 14. Typical Inductive Switching Waveforms
(at 300 V and 12 A with I
= 2.4 A and V
B1
BE(off)
= 5 V)
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7
Page 8
CIRCUITLOAD LINE DIAGRAMSTIME DIAGRAMS
SERIES SWITCHING
REGULATOR
A
V
CC
MJE13009
Table 2. Applications Examples of Switching Circuits
TURN−ON (FORWARD BIAS) SOA
24 A
TC = 100°C
12 A
TURN−
ON
V
O
Collector CurrentCollector CurrentCollector CurrentCollector Current
ton ≤ 10 ms
DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
PD = 4000 W
350 V
TURN−
OFF
VCC400 V700 V
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE
2
TURN−OFF (REVERSE BIAS)
SOA
1.5 V ≤ V
BE(off)
DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
1
1
≤ 9.0 V
I
C
t
V
CE
TIME
V
CC
t
TIME
RINGING CHOKE
INVERTER
V
CC
B
N
PUSH−PULL
INVERTER/CONVERTER
C
V
CC
24 A
TURN−ON ton ≤ 10 ms
I
C
TURN−ON DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
TURN−ON (FORWARD BIAS) SOA
V
O
TC = 100°C
PD = 4000 W
12 A
TURN−OFF
TURN−ON
V
CC
400 V
VCC + N(Vo)
24 A
TURN−ON (FORWARD BIAS) SOA
TURN−ON ton ≤ 10 ms
TURN−ON DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
TC = 100°C
V
O
12 A
PD = 4000 W
TURN−ON
TURN−OFF
V
CC
2
350 V
TURN−OFF (REVERSE BIAS) SOA
TURN−OFF 1.5 V ≤ V
TURN−OFF DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
1
700 V
1
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE
2
350 V
TURN−OFF (REVERSE BIAS) SOA
TURN−OFF 1.5 V ≤ V
TURN−OFF DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
2 V
CC
400 V
1
700 V
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE
t
off
t
BE(off)
≤ 9.0 V
on
V
CE
+
V
CC
LEAKAGE
t
SPIKE
N(Vo)
V
CC
t
I
C
t
off
t
on
V
≤ 9.0 V
BE(off)
1
CE
2 V
CC
V
CC
t
t
SOLENOID DRIVER
D
V
CC
SOLENOID
24 A
TC = 100°C
12 A
TURN−ON (FORWARD BIAS) SOA
TURN−ON ton ≤ 10 ms
TURN−ON DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
PD = 4000 W
2
350 V
TURN−OFF (REVERSE BIAS) SOA
TURN−OFF 1.5 V ≤ V
TURN−OFF
TURN−OFF DUTY CYCLE ≤ 10%
TURN−ON
400 V
1
V
CC
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE
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8
700 V
I
C
t
t
on
off
t
V
≤ 9.0 V
BE(off)
1
CE
V
CC
t
Page 9
MJE13009
ÎÎÎ
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
ÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎ
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
ÎÎÎ
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
Î
ÎÎÎ
Table 3. Typical Inductive Switching Performance
I
C
AMP
ÎÎ
3
5
ÎÎ
8
ÎÎ
12
T
C
_C
ÎÎ
25
100
25
ÎÎ
100
25
100
ÎÎ
25
100
t
sv
ns
ÎÎ
770
1000
630
ÎÎ
820
720
920
ÎÎ
640
800
NOTE: All Data recorded In the Inductive Switching Circuit In Table 1.
SWITCHING TIME NOTES
In resistive switching circuits, rise, fall, and storage times
have been defined and apply to both current and voltage
waveforms since they are in phase. However, for inductive
loads which are common to SWITCHMODE power
supplies and hammer drivers, current and voltage
waveforms are not in phase. Therefore, separate
measurements must be made on each waveform to
determine the total switching time. For this reason, the
following new terms have been defined.
tsv = Voltage Storage Time, 90% IB1 to 10% V
trv = Voltage Rise Time, 10−90% V
tfi = Current Fall Time, 90−10% I
tti = Current Tail, 10−2% I
CM
tc = Crossover Time, 10% V
CEM
CEM
CM
to 10% I
CEM
CM
An enlarged portion of the turn−off waveforms is shown
in Figure 13 to aid in the visual identity of these terms.
t
rv
ns
ÎÎ
100
230
72
ÎÎ
100
55
70
ÎÎ
20
32
t
fi
ns
ÎÎ
150
160
26
ÎÎ
55
27
50
ÎÎ
17
24
t
ti
ns
ÎÎ
200
200
10
ÎÎ
30
2
8
ÎÎ
2
4
t
c
ns
ÎÎ
240
320
100
ÎÎ
180
77
120
ÎÎ
41
54
For the designer, there is minimal switching loss during
storage time and the predominant switching power losses
occur during the crossover interval and can be obtained
using the standard equation from AN222/D:
P
= 1/2 VCCIC(tc) f
SWT
Typical inductive switching waveforms are shown in
Figure 14. In general, trv + tfi ] tc. However, at lower test
currents this relationship may not be valid.
As is common with most switching transistors, resistive
switching is specified at 25_C and has become a benchmark
for designers. However, for designers of high frequency
converter circuits, the user oriented specifications which
make this a “SWITCHMODE” transistor are the inductive
switching speeds (tc and tsv) which are guaranteed at 100_C.
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Page 10
MJE13009
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TO−220AB
CASE 221A−09
ISSUE AA
SEATING
−T−
PLANE
B
4
Q
123
F
T
A
U
C
S
H
K
Z
L
V
R
J
G
D
N
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL
BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE
ALLOWED.
DIM MINMAXMIN MAX
A 0.570 0.620 14.48 15.75
B 0.380 0.4059.66 10.28
C 0.160 0.1904.074.82
D 0.025 0.0350.640.88
F 0.142 0.1473.613.73
G 0.095 0.1052.422.66
H 0.110 0.1552.803.93
J 0.018 0.0250.460.64
K 0.500 0.562 12.70 14.27
L 0.045 0.0601.151.52
N 0.190 0.2104.835.33
Q 0.100 0.1202.543.04
R 0.080 0.1102.042.79
S 0.045 0.0551.151.39
T 0.235 0.2555.976.47
U 0.000 0.0500.001.27
V 0.045−−−1.15−−−
Z−−− 0.080−−−2.04
STYLE 1:
PIN 1. BASE
2. COLLECTOR
3. EMITTER
4. COLLECTOR
MILLIMETERSINCHES
SWITCHMODE is a trademark of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC.
ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should
Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates,
and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT:
Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor
P.O. Box 61312, Phoenix, Arizona 85082−1312 USA
Phone: 480−829−7710 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada
Fax: 480−829−7709 or 800−344−3867Toll Free USA/Canada
Email: [email protected]
N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free
USA/Canada
Japan: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center
2−9−1 Kamimeguro, Meguro−ku, Tokyo, Japan 153−0051
Phone: 81−3−5773−3850
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ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com
Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder
For additional information, please contact your
local Sales Representative.
MJE13009/D
10
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