The MC145442B and MC145443B silicon–gate CMOS single–chip low–
speed modems contain a complete frequency shift keying (FSK) modulator,
demodulator, and filter. These devices are compatible with CCITT V.21
(MC145442B) and Bell 103 (MC145443B) specifications. Both devices provide
full–duplex or half–duplex 300–baud data communication over a pair of
telephone lines. They also include a carrier detect circuit for the demodulator
section and a duplexer circuit for direct operation on a telephone line through a
simple transformer.
• MC145442B Compatible with CCITT V.21
• MC145443B Compatible with Bell 103
• Low–Band and High–Band Band–Pass Filters On–Chip
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages Referenced to V
RatingSymbolValueUnit
Supply VoltageV
DC Input VoltageV
DC Output VoltageV
Clamp Diode Current, per PinIIK, I
DC Output Current, per PinI
Power DissipationP
Operating Temperature RangeT
Storage Temperature RangeT
DD
out
out
stg
in
D
A
–0.5 to VDD + 0.5V
–0.5 to VDD + 0.5V
OK
)
SS
–0.5 to 7.0V
±20mA
±28mA
500mW
–40 to 85°C
–65 to 150°C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
ParameterSymbolMinMaxUnit
Supply VoltageV
DC Input or Output VoltageVin, V
Input Rise or Fall Timetr, t
Crystal Frequency*f
*Changing the crystal frequency from 3.579 MHz will change the output frequencies. The
change in output frequency will be proportional to the change in crystal frequency .
DD
out
f
crystal
4.55.5V
0V
—500ns
3.25.0MHz
DD
V
This device contains circuitry to protect the
inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that
normal precautions be taken to avoid application
of any voltage higher than maximum rated
voltages to this high impedance circuit. For
proper operation it is recommended that Vin and
V
be constrained to the range VSS ≤ (Vin or
out
V
) ≤ VDD).
out
Unused inputs must always be tied to an
appropriate logic voltage level (e.g., either V
or VDD).
SS
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
2
Page 3
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V
CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
High–Level Input VoltageLB
Low–Level Input VoltageLB
High–Level Output Voltage
IOH = 20 µACD
IOH = 2 mACD
IOH = 20 µAX
Low–Level Output Voltage
IOL = 20 µACD
IOL = 2 mACD
IOL = 20 µAX
Input CurrentLB, TxD, Mode, SQT
Quiesent Supply Current (Xin or f
Power–Down Supply Current—200300µA
Input CapacitanceX
VAG Output Voltage (IO = ±10 µA)V
CDA Output Voltage (IO = ±10 µA)V
Line Driver Feedback ResistorR
RxA1, RxA2 (0° x TA x 85°C)
RxA1, RxA2 (–40° x TA < 0°C)
= 3.579 MHz)I
crystal
= 5.0 V ±10%, TA = –40° to 85°C)
DD
Xin, TxD, Mode, SQT
Xin, TxD, Mode, SQT
, RxD
, RxD
out
, RxD
, RxD
out
X
in
All Other Inputs
in
V
V
V
OH
V
OL
I
DD
C
AG
CDA
IH
IL
in
in
VDD – 0.8
3.15
—
—
VDD – 0.1
3.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—710mA
—
—
2.42.52.6V
1.11.21.3V
f
102030kΩ
—
—
—
—
—
—
VDD – 0.05
—
—
0.05
—
10
—
—
10
—
—
—
0.8
1.1
—
—
—
0.1
0.4
—
±1.0
±12
±20
±10
—
10
V
V
V
V
µA
pF
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 5.0 V ±10%, TA = –40° to 85°C, Crystal Frequency = 3.579 MHz ±0.1%; See Figure 1)
Receive Carrier Amplitude–48—–12dBm
Dynamic Range—36—dB
Bit Jitter (S/N = 30 dB, Input = –38 dBm, Bit Rate = 300 baud)—100—µs
Bit Bias—5—%
Carrier Detect ThresholdOn to Off
(CDA = 1.2 V or CDA grounded through a 0.1 µF capacitor)Off to On
TLA
TLA
= ∞
= 5.5 kΩ
MinTypMaxUnit
–13
–10
—–56—dBm
—
—
–12
–9
–44
–47
–11
–8
—
—
dBm
dBm
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
3
Page 4
3.579 MHz ± 0.1%
CDT
98
X
in
11
TxD
5
RxD
FB
10
0.1 µF
C
FB
TEST
INPUT
R
TLA
V
DD
600 Ω
600 Ω
TEST
OUTPUT
20
17
15
16
0.1 µF
X
out
TLA
TxA
RxA2
MC145442B
MC145443B
RxA1
CDT
4
C
Figure 1. AC Characteristics Evaluation Circuit
T able 1. Bell 103 and CCITT V.21
Frequency Characteristics
Originate ModeAnswer Mode
D
in
D
out
Data
Bell 103 (MC145443B)
Space1070 Hz2025 Hz2025 Hz1070 Hz
Mark1270 Hz2225 Hz2225 Hz1270 Hz
CCITT V.21 (MC145442B)
Space1180 Hz1850 Hz1850 Hz1180 Hz
Mark980 Hz1650 Hz1650 Hz980 Hz
NOTE: Actual frequencies may be ±5 Hz assuming 3.579545 MHz
RELATIVE TO THE TRANSMIT CARRIER LEVEL INT O 600 Ω (kHz)
TransmitReceiveTransmitReceive
crystal is used.
MAXIMUM LEVEL OF OUT–OF–BAND ENERGY
25664163.4 420
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
V
DD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 6)
This pin is normally tied to 5.0 V.
V
SS
Negative Power Supply (Pin 12)
This pin is normally tied to 0 V.
V
AG
Analog Ground (Pin 19)
Analog ground is internally biased to (VDD – VSS)/2. This
pin must be decoupled by a capacitor from VAG to VSS and a
capacitor from VAG to VDD. Analog ground is the common
bias line used in the switched capacitor filters, limiter, and
slicer in the demodulation circuitry .
TLA
Transmit Level Adjust (Pin 20)
This pin is used to adjust the transmit level. Transmit level
adjustment range is typically from –12 dBm to –9 dBm. (See
Applications Information.
TxD
Transmit Data (Pin 11)
Binary information is input to the transmit data pin. Data
entered for transmission is modulated using FSK techniques.
A logic high input level represents a mark and a logic low
represents a space (see Table 1).
TxA
Transmit Carrier (Pin 17)
This is the output of the line driver amplifier. The transmit
carrier is the digitally synthesized sine wave output of the
modulator derived from a crystal oscillator reference. When a
3.579 MHz crystal is used the frequency outputs shown in
Table 1 apply. (See
)
Applications Information
.)
0
–20
–25
15 dB/OCTAVE
–55
TRANSMIT CARRIER LEVEL (dBm)
–60
Figure 2. Out–of–Band Energy
ExI
External Input (Pin 18)
The external input is the non–inverting input to the line
driver. It is provided to combine an auxiliary audio signal or
speech signal to the phone line using the line driver. This pin
should be connected to VAG if not used. The average level
must be the same as VAG to maintain proper operation. (See
Applications Information
.)
DSI
Driver Summing Input (Pin 1)
The driver summing input may be used to connect an external signal, such as a DTMF dialer, to the phone line. A
series resistor, R
AV (see
Applications Information
, is needed to define the voltage gain
DSI
and Figure 6). When applying a signal to the DSI pin, the modulator should be
squelched by bringing SQT (pin 14) to a logic high level. The
voltage gain, AV, is calculated by the formula AV = –Rf/R
(where Rf ≈ 20 kΩ). For example, a 20 kΩ resistor for R
DSI
DSI
will provide unity gain (AV = –20 kΩ/20 kΩ = –1). This pin
must be left open
if not used.
RxD
Receive Data (Pin 6)
The receive data output pin presents the digital binary data
resulting from the demodulation of the receive carrier. If no
carrier is present, CD
high, the receive data output (RxD) is
clamped high.
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
4
Page 5
RxA2, RxA1
Receive Carrier (Pins 15, 16)
The receive carrier is the FSK input to the demodulator
through the receive band–pass filter. RxA1 is the non–inverting input and RxA2 is the inverting input of the receive hybrid
(duplexer) operational amplifier.
LB
Analog Loopback (Pin 2)
When a high level is applied to this pin (SQT must be low),
the analog loopback test is enabled. The analog loopback
test connects the TxA pin to the RxA2 pin and the RxA1 to
analog ground. In loopback, the demodulator frequencies
are switched to the modulation frequencies for the selected
mode. (See Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 4c and 4d.)
When LB
is connected to analog ground (VAG), the modulator generates an echo cancellation tone of 2100 Hz for
MC145442B CCITT V.21 and 2225 Hz for MC145443B Bell
103 systems. For normal operation, this pin should be at a
logic low level (VSS).
The power–down mode is enabled when both LB
and SQT
are connected to a logic high level (see Table 2).
T able 2. Functional Table
MODE
Pin 13
SQT
Pin 14
100Originate Mode
000Answer Mode
X0VAG (VDD/2)Echo Tone
X01Analog Loopback
X10Squelch Mode
X1VAG (VDD/2)Squelch Mode
X11Power Down
LB
Pin 2
Operating Mode
MODE
Mode (Pin 13)
This input selects the pair of transmit and frequencies
used during modulation and demodulation. When a logic
high level is placed on this input, originate (Bell) or channel 1
(CCITT) is selected. When a low level is placed on this input,
answer (Bell) or channel 2 (CCITT) is selected. (See
Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 4.)
CDT
Carrier Detect Timing (Pin 4)
A capacitor on this pin to VSS sets the amount of time the
carrier must be present before CD
tions Information
for the capacitor values).
goes low (see
Applica-
CD
Carrier Detect Output (Pin 3)
This output is used to indicate when a carrier has been
sensed by the carrier detect circuit. This output goes to a
logic low level when a valid signal above the maximum
threshold level (defined by CDA, pin 7) is maintained on the
input to the hybrid circuit longer then the response (defined
by CDT, pin 4). This pin is held at the logic low level until the
signal falls below the maximum threshold level for longer
than the turn off time. (See
Applications Information
and
Figure 5.)
CDA
Carrier Detect Adjust (Pin 7)
An external voltage may be applied to this pin to adjust the
carrier detect threshold. The threshold hysteresis is internally
fixed at 3 dB (see
X
, X
out
in
Applications Information
).
Crystal Oscillator (Pins 8, 9)
A crystal reference oscillator is formed when a 3.579 MHz
crystal is connected between these two pins. X
(pin 8) is
out
the output of the oscillator circuit, and Xin (pin 9) is the input
to the oscillator circuit. When using an external clock, apply
the clock to the Xin (pin 9) pin and leave X
(pin 8) open. An
out
internal 10 MΩ resistor and internal capacitors, typically
10 pF on Xin and 16 pF on X
, allow the crystal to be con-
out
nected without any other external components. Printed circuit board layout should keep external stray capacitance to a
minimum.
FB
Filter Bias (Pin 10)
This is the negative input to the ac amplifier. In normal operation, this pin is connected to analog ground through a
0.1 µF bypass capacitor in order to cancel the input offset
voltage of the limiter. It has a nominal input impedance of
16 kΩ (see Figure 3).
SQT
Transmit Squelch (Pin 14)
When this input pin is at a logic high level, the modulator is
disabled. The line driver remains active if LB
is at a logic low
level (see Table 2).
When both LB
and SQT are connected to a logic high level
(see Table 2), the entire chip is in a power down state and all
circuitry except the crystal oscillator is disabled. Total power
supply current decreases from 10 mA (max) to 300 µA
(max).
FROM
BAND–PASS
FILTER
+
–
490 kΩ
16 kΩ
FB
10
0.1 µF
CARRIER DETECT CIRCUIT
TO
AND DEMODULATOR
Figure 3. AC Amplifier Circuit
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
5
Page 6
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The MC145442B and MC145443B are full–duplex low–
speed modems. They provide a 300–baud FSK signal for bidirectional data transmission over the telephone network.
They can be operated in one of four basic configurations as
determined by the state of MODE (pin 13) and LB
The normal (non–loopback) and self test (loopback) modes
in both answer and originate modes will be discussed.
For an originate or channel 1 mode, a logic high level is
placed on MODE (pin 13) and a logic low level is placed on
LB
(pin 2). In this mode, transmit data is input on TxD, where
it is converted to a FSK signal and routed through a low–
band band–pass filter. The filtered output signal is then buffered by the Tx op–amp line driver, which is capable of driving
–9 dBm onto a 600 Ω line. The receive signal is connected
through a hybrid duplexer circuit on pins 15 and 16, RxA2
and RxA1. The signal then passes through the anti–aliasing
filter, the sample–and–hold circuit, is switched into the high–
band band–pass filter, and then switched into the ac amplifier
circuit. The output of the ac amplifier circuit is routed to the
demodulator circuit and demodulated. The resulting digital
data is then output through RxD (pin 5). The carrier detect
circuit receives its signal from the output of the ac amplifier
circuit and goes low when the incoming signal is detected
(see Figure 4a).
(pin 2).
In the answer or channel 2 mode, a logic low level is
placed on MODE (pin 13) and on LB
data follows the same path except the FSK signal is routed to
the high–band band–pass filter and the sample–and–hold
signal is routed through the low–band band–pass filter (see
Figure 4b).
In the analog loopback originate or channel 1 mode, a logic
high level is placed on MODE (pin 13) and on LB
mode is used for a self check of the modulator, demodulator,
and low–band pass–band filter circuit. The modulator side is
configured exactly like the originate mode above except the
line driver output (TxA, pin 17) is switched to the negative input of the hybrid op–amp. The RxA2 input pin is open in this
mode and the non–inverting input of the hybrid circuit is connected to VAG. The sample–and–hold output bypasses the
filter so that the demodulator receives the modulated Tx data
(see Figure 4c). This test checks all internal device components except the high–band band–pass filter, which can be
checked in the answer or channel 2 mode test.
In the analog loopback or channel 2 mode, a logic low level
is placed on MODE (pin 13) and a logic high level on LB
(pin 2). This mode is used for a self check of the modulator,
demodulator, and high–band pass–band filter circuit. This
configuration is exactly like the originate loopback mode
above, except the signal is routed through the high–band
pass–band filter (see Figure 4d).
(c) Originate/Channel 1 Mode and Analog Loopback State (MODE = High, LB = Low)
15
CARRIER
16
11
–
+
AAFS/H
MODULATOR
LOW–BAND
BPF
HIGH–BAND
BPF
AC
AMP
SMOOTHING
FILTER
DETECT
DEMOD
–
+
3
CD
5
RxD
1
DSI
17
TxA
18
Exl
(d) Answer/Channel 2 Mode and Analog Loopback State (MODE = Low, LB = Low)
Figure 4. Basic Operating Modes
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
7
Page 8
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
CARRIER DETECT TIMING ADJUSTMENT
The value of a capacitor, C
how long a received modem signal must be present above
the minimum threshold level before CD
C
capacitor also determines how long the CD pin stays
CDT
low after the received modem signal goes below the minimum threshold. The CD
pin is used to distinguish a strong
modem signal from random noise. The following equations
show the relationship between t
quired for CD
for CD
V alid signal to CD
Invalid signal to CD
Example: t
to go low; t
to go high; and C
response time: t
off time:t
≈ 6.4 × 0.1 µF ≈ 0.64 seconds
CDL
t
≈ 0.54 × 0.1 µF ≈ 0.054 seconds
CDH
CDH
CDT
CARRIER DETECT THRESHOLD ADJUSTMENT
The carrier detect threshold is set by internal resistors to
activate CD
deactivate CD
with a typical –44 dBm (into 600 Ω) signal and
with a typical –47 dBm signal applied to the
input of the hybrid circuit. The carrier detect threshold level
can be adjusted by applying an external voltage on CDA
(pin 7). The following equations may be used to find the CDA
voltage required for a given threshold voltage. (Von and V
are in Vrms.)
V
CDA
V
CDA
Example (Internally Set)
Von = 4.9 mV ≈ –44 dBm: V
V
= 3.5 mV ≈ –47 dBm: V
off
Example (Externally Set)
Von = 7.7 mV ≈ –40 dBm: V
V
= 5.4 mV ≈ –43 dBm: V
off
The CDA pin has an approximate Thevenin equivalent
voltage of 1.2 V and an output impedance of 100 kΩ. When
using the internal 1.2 V reference, a 0.1 µF capacitor should
be connected between this pin and VSS (see Figure 5).
at CDT (pin 4) determines
CDT
(pin 3) goes low. The
, the time in seconds re-
CDL
, the time in seconds required
, the capacitor value in µF.
≈ 6.4 × C
= 244 × V
= 345 × V
= 244 × 4.9 mV = 1.2 V
CDA
= 345 × 3.5 mV = 1.2 V
CDA
= 244 × 7.7 mV = 1.9 V
CDA
= 345 × 5.4 mV = 1.9 V
CDA
CDL
CDH
on
off
≈ 0.54 × C
CDT
CDT
off
(pin 20) to VDD (pin 6). Table 3 shows the R
values and
TLA
the corresponding power output for a 600 Ω load. The voltage at TxA is twice the value of that at ring and tip because
TxA feeds the signal through a 600 Ω resistor RTx to a 600 Ω
line transformer (see Figure 7). When choosing resistor
R
, keep in mind that –9 dBm is the maximum output level
TLA
allowed from a modem onto the telephone line (in the U.S.).
In addition, keep in mind that maximizing the power output
from the modem optimizes the signal–to–noise ratio, improving accurate data transmission.
T able 3. Transmit Level Adjust
Output Transmit Level
(Typical into 600 Ω)
–12 dBm∞
–11 dBm19.8 kΩ
–10 dBm9.2 kΩ
–9 dBm5.5 kΩ
R
TLA
THE LINE DRIVER
The line driver is a power amplifier used for driving a telephone line. Both the inverting and noninverting input to the
line driver are available for transmitting externally generated
tones.
Exl (pin 18) is the noninverting input to the line driver and
gives a fixed gain of 2 (Ri = 50 kΩ). The average signal level
must be the same as VAG to maintain proper operation. This
pin should be connected to VAG if not used.
The driver summing input (DSI, pin 1) may be used to connect an external signal, such as a DTMF dialer, to the phone
line. When applying a signal to the DSI pin, the modulator
should be squelched by bringing SQT (pin 14) to a logic high
level. DSI must be left open if not used.
In addition, the DSI pin is the inverting side of the line driver and allows adjustable gain with a series resistor R
DSI
(see
Figure 6). The voltage gain, AV, is determined by the
equation:
R
AV = –
R
f
DSI
where Rf ≈ 20 kΩ.
TRANSMIT LEVEL ADJUSTMENT
The power output at TxA (pin 17) is determined by the
value of resistor R
that is connected between TLA
TLA
Example: A resistor value of 20 kΩ for RDSI will provide
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty , representation or guarantee regarding
the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “T ypical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola
data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”
must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of
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How to reach us:
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P.O. Box 5405, Denver, Colorado, 80217 . 1-303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447 3-20-1, Minami-Azabu. Minato-ku, T okyo 106-8573 Japan. 81-3-3440-3569
TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER: 1-800-521-6274ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; Silicon Harbour Centre,
HOME PAGE: http://motorola.com/semiconductors/852-26668334
2 Dai King Street, T ai Po Industrial Estate, Tao Po, N.T ., Hong Kong.
MC145442B•MC145443BMOTOROLA
◊
MC145442B/D
12
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