Page 1
General Description
The MAX7321 2-wire serial-interfaced peripheral features eight open-drain I/O ports with selectable internal
pullups and transition detection. Any port may be used
as a logic input or an open-drain output. Ports are overvoltage protected to +6V independent of supply voltage.
All I/O ports configured as inputs are continuously
monitored for state changes (transition detection).
State changes are indicated by the open-drain INT
output. The interrupt is latched, allowing detection of
transient changes. When the MAX7321 is subsequently accessed through the serial interface, any pending
interrupt is cleared.
The open-drain outputs are rated to sink 20mA and are
capable of driving LEDs.
The RST input clears the serial interface, terminating
any I2C communication to or from the MAX7321.
The MAX7321 uses two address inputs with four-level
logic to allow 16 I
2
C slave addresses. The slave
address also determines the power-up logic state for
the I/O ports, and enables or disables internal 40kΩ
pullups in groups of four ports.
The MAX7321 is one device in a family of pin-compatible
port expanders with a choice of input ports, open-drain
I/O ports, and push-pull output ports (see Table 1).
The MAX7321 is available in 16-pin QSOP and TQFN
packages, and is specified over the automotive temperature range (-40°C to +125°C).
Features
♦ 400kHz I2C Serial Interface
♦ +1.71V to +5.5V Operating Voltage
♦ 8 Open-Drain I/O Ports Rated to 20mA Sink Current
♦ I/O Ports Are Overvoltage Protected to +6V
♦ Any Port Can Be a Logic Input or an Open-Drain
Output
♦ Selectable I/O Port Power-Up Default Logic States
♦ Transient Changes Are Latched, Allowing Detection
Between Read Operations
♦ INT Output Alerts Change on Inputs
♦ AD0 and AD2 Inputs Select from 16 Slave
Addresses
♦ Low 0.6µA (typ) Standby Current
♦ -40°C to +125°C Operating Temperature
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
19-3738; Rev 1; 4/06
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Ordering Information
PART
TEMP
PINPACKAGE
TOP
PKG
CODE
MAX7321AEE+
-40°C to
16 QSOP —
E16-4
MAX7321ATE+
-40°C to
T1633-4
Pin Configurations are continued at end of data sheet.
Typical Application Circuit and Functional Diagram appear
at end of data sheet.
Selector Guide
PART
INPUTS
INTERRUPT
MASK
OPENDRAIN
PUSH-PULL
OUTPUTS
MAX7319
8 Yes — —
MAX7320
—— — 8
MAX7321
—
—
MAX7322
4 Yes — 4
MAX7323
—
4
MAX7328
—
—
MAX7329
—
—
**EP = Exposed paddle.
+Denotes lead-free package.
Cell Phones
SAN/NAS
Servers
Notebooks
Satellite Radio
Automotive
Applications
Pin Configurations
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
AD0
V+
SDA
SCL
INT
P7
P6
P5
P4
MAX7321
QSOP
RST
AD2
P2
P0
P1
P3
GND
+
+
RANGE
+125°C
+125°C
16 TQFN-EP** ADC
MARK
OUTPUTS
Up to 8
Up to 4
Up to 8
Up to 8
Up to 8
Up to 4
Up to 8
Up to 8
Page 2
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(All voltages referenced to GND.)
Supply Voltage V+....................................................-0.3V to +6V
SCL, SDA, AD0, AD2, RST, INT, P0–P7 ...................-0.3V to +6V
P0–P7 Sink Current ............................................................ 25mA
SDA Sink Current ............................................................... 10mA
INT Sink Current..................................................................10mA
Total V+ Current..................................................................50mA
Total GND Current ...........................................................100mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C)...........667mW
16-Pin TQFN (derate 15.6mW/°C above +70°C) .......1250mW
Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = +1.71V to +5.5V, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V+ = +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Operating Supply Voltage V+ 1.71 5.50 V
Power-On Reset Voltage V
Standby Current
(Interface Idle)
Supply Current
(Interface Running)
Input High Voltage
SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, P0–P7
Input Low Voltage
SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, P0–P7
Input Leakage Current
SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, P0–P7
Input Capacitance
SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, P0–P7
Output Low Voltage
P0–P7
Output Low Voltage
SDA
Output Low Voltage
INT
Port Input Pullup Resistor R
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
POR
I
STB
I
V
V
I
IH
V
V
OLSDAISINK
V
OLINTISINK
V+ falling 1.6 V
SCL and SDA and other digital inputs at V+ 0.6 1.5 µA
f
+
IH
, I
OL
PU
IL
IL
= 400kHz; other digital inputs at V+ 23 55 µA
SCL
V+ < 1.8V 0.8 x V+
V+ ≥ 1.8 0.7 x V+
V+ < 1.8V 0.2 x V+
V+ ≥ 1.8V 0.3 x V+
SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, P0–P7 at V+ or
GND, internal pullup disabled
V+ = +1.71V, I
V+ = +2.5V, I
V+ = +3.3V, I
V+ = +5V, I
= 6mA 250 mV
= 5mA 130 250 mV
= 5mA 90 180
SINK
= 10mA 110 210
SINK
= 15mA 130 230
SINK
= 20mA 140 250
SINK
-0.2 +0.2 µA
10 pF
25 40 55 kΩ
V
V
mV
Page 3
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
PORT AND INTERRUPT INT TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = +1.71V to +5.5V, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V+ = +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = +1.71V to +5.5V, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V+ = +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Note 1: All parameters tested at TA= +25°C. Specifications over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: A master device must provide a hold time of at least 300ns for the SDA signal (referred to V
IL
of the SCL signal) in order to
bridge the undefined region of SCL’s falling edge.
Note 3: Guaranteed by design.
Note 4: C
b
= total capacitance of one bus line in pF. I
SINK
≤ 6mA. tRand tFmeasured between 0.3 x V+ and 0.7 x V+.
Note 5: Input filters on the SDA and SCL inputs suppress noise spikes less than 50ns.
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Port Output Data Valid t
Port Input Setup Time t
Port Input Hold Time t
INT Input Data Valid Time t
INT Reset Delay Time from STOP t
INT Reset Delay Time from
Acknowledge
PPV
PSU
PH
t
CL ≤ 100pF 4 µs
CL ≤ 100pF 0 µs
CL ≤ 100pF 4 µs
CL ≤ 100pF 4 µs
IV
CL ≤ 100pF 4 µs
IP
CL ≤ 100pF 4 µs
IR
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Serial-Clock Frequency f
Bus Free Time Between a STOP
and a START Condition
Hold Time (Repeated) START
Condition
Repeated START Condition
Setup Time
t
t
STOP Condition Setup Time t
Data Hold Time t
Data Setup Time t
SCL Clock Low Period t
SCL Clock High Period t
Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL
Signals, Receiving
Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL
Signals, Receiving
Fall Time of SDA, Transmitting t
SCL
t
BUF
HD, STA
SU, STA
SU, STO
HD, DAT
SU, DAT
LOW
HIGH
t
R
t
F
F,TX
1.3 µs
0.6 µs
0.6 µs
0.6 µs
(Note 2) 0.9 µs
100 ns
1.3 µs
0.7 µs
(Notes 3, 4)
(Notes 3, 4)
(Notes 3, 4)
20 +
0.1C
20 +
0.1C
20 +
0.1C
400 kHz
300 ns
b
300 ns
b
250 ns
b
Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed t
Capacitive Load for Each Bus
Line
RST Pulse Width t
RST Rising to START Condition
Setup Time
C
t
RST
SP
W
(Note 5) 50 ns
(Note 3) 400 pF
b
500 ns
1µs
Page 4
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Operating Characteristics
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
0
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.6
2.0
-40 -10 5-25 203550658095110125
STANDBY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX7321 toc01
TEMPERATURE (°C)
STANDBY CURRENT (μA)
V+ = +3.3V
V+ = +2.5V
V+ = +5.0V
V+ = +1.71V
f
SCL
= 0kHz
0
20
10
40
30
50
60
-40 -10 5 20-25 3550658095110125
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX7321 toc02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (μA)
V+ = +3.3V
V+ = +5.0V
V+ = +1.71V
V+ = +2.5V
f
SCL
= 400kHz
OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW
vs. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW (V)
MAX7321 toc03
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
V+ = +5.0V
I
SINK
= 20mA
V+ = +2.5V
I
SINK
= 10mA
V+ = +1.71V
I
SINK
= 5mA
V+ = +3.3V
I
SINK
= 15mA
Pin Description
PIN
QSOP TQFN
1, 3 15, 1
216RST Reset Input, Active Low. Drive RST low to clear the 2-wire interface.
4–7, 9–12 2–5, 7–10 P0–P7 Input/Output Ports. P0 to P7 are open-drain I/Os.
8 6 GND Ground
13 11 INT Interrupt Output. INT is an open-drain output.
14 12 SCL I2C-Compatible Serial Clock Input
15 13 SDA I2C-Compatible Serial Data I/O
16 14 V+
— EP EP Exposed Pad. Connect exposed pad to GND.
NAME FUNCTION
AD0,
AD2
Address Inputs. Select device slave address with AD0 and AD2. Connect AD0 and
AD2 to either GND, V+, SCL, or SDA to give four logic combinations (see Table 3).
Positive Supply Voltage. Bypass V+ to GND with a ceramic capacitor of at least
0.047µF as close to the device as possible.
Page 5
Detailed Description
MAX7319–MAX7329 Family Comparison
The MAX7319–MAX7323 family consists of five pincompatible, eight-port expanders. Each version is optimized for different applications. The MAX7328 and
MAX7329 are industry standard parts.
The MAX7324–MAX7327 family consists of four pincompatible, 16-port expanders that integrate the functions of the MAX7320 and one of either the MAX7319,
MAX7321, MAX7322, or MAX7323.
Functional Overview
The MAX7321 is a general-purpose port expander
operating from a +1.71V to +5.5V supply that provides
eight open-drain I/O ports. Each open-drain output is
rated to sink 20mA, and the entire device is rated to
sink 100mA into all ports combined. The outputs drive
loads connected to supplies up to +5.5V, independent
of the MAX7321’s supply voltage.
The MAX7321 is set to one of 16 I
2
C slave addresses
(0x60 to 0x6F) using the address select inputs AD0 and
AD2, and is accessed over an I
2
C serial interface up to
400kHz. The RST input clears the serial interface in
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Table 1. MAX7319–MAX7329 Family Comparison
2
C
I
PART
8-PORT EXPANDERS
MAX7319 110xxxx 8 Yes — —
MAX7320 101xxxx — — — 8
SLAVE
ADDRESS
INPUTS
INPUT
INTERRUPT
MASK
OPENDRAIN
OUTPUTS
PUSH-
PULL
OUTPUTS
APPLICATION
Input-only versions:
8 input ports with programmable latching transition
detection interrupt and selectable pullups.
Offers maximum versatility for automatic input
monitoring. An interrupt mask selects which inputs
cause an interrupt on transitions, and transition flags
identify which inputs have changed (even
momentarily) since the ports were last read.
Output-only versions:
8 push-pull outputs with selectable power-up default
levels.
Push-pull outputs offer faster rise time than opendrain outputs, and require no pullup resistors.
I/O versions:
8 open-drain I/O ports with latching transition
detection interrupt and selectable pullups.
MAX7321 110xxxx Up to 8 — Up to 8 —
MAX7322 110xxxx 4 Yes — 4
Open-drain outputs can level shift the logic-high
state to a higher or lower voltage than V+ using
external pullup resistors. Any port can be used as an
input by setting the open-drain output to logic-high.
Transition flags identify which inputs have changed
(even momentarily) since the ports were last read.
4 input-only, 4 output-only versions:
4 input ports with programmable latching transition
detection interrupt and selectable pullups;
4 push-pull outputs with selectable power-up default
levels.
Page 6
MAX7321
case of a bus lockup, terminating any serial transaction
to or from the MAX7321.
Any port can be configured as a logic input by setting
the port output logic-high (logic-high for an open-drain
output is high impedance). When the MAX7321 is read
through the serial interface, the actual logic levels at
the ports are read back.
The open-drain ports offer latching transition detection
when used as inputs. All input ports are continuously
monitored for changes. An input change sets 1 of 8 flag
bits that identify changed input(s). All flags are cleared
upon a subsequent read or write transaction to the
MAX7321.
A latching interrupt output, INT, is programmed to flag
logic changes on ports used as inputs. Data changes
on any input port forces INT to a logic-low. Changing
the I/O port level through the serial interface does not
cause an interrupt. The interrupt output INT is deasserted when the MAX7321 is next accessed through the
serial interface.
Internal pullup resistors to V+ are selected by the
address select inputs, AD0 and AD2. Pullups are
enabled on the input ports in groups of four (see Table 3).
Use the slave address selection to ensure that I/O ports
used as inputs are logic-high on power-up. I/O ports with
internal pullups enabled default to a logic-high output
state. Ports with internal pullups disabled default to a
logic-low output state. Output port power-up logic
states are selected by the address select inputs AD0
and AD2. Ports default to logic-high or logic-low on
power-up in groups of four (see Table 3).
Initial Power-Up
On power-up, the transition detection logic is reset, and
INT is deasserted. The transition flags are cleared to
indicate no data changes. The power-up default states
of the eight I/O ports are set according to the I2C slave
address selection inputs, AD0 and AD2 (Table 3). For
I/O ports used as inputs, ensure that the default
states are logic-high so that the I/O ports power up
in the high-impedance state. All I/O ports configured
with pullups enabled also have a logic-high powerup state.
Power-On Reset
The MAX7321 contains an integral power-on reset
(POR) circuit that ensures all registers are reset to a
known state on power-up. When V+ rises above V
POR
(1.6V max), the POR circuit releases the registers and
2-wire interface for normal operation. When V+ drops to
less than V
POR
, the MAX7321 resets all register con-
tents to the POR defaults (Table 3).
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Table 1. MAX7319–MAX7329 Family Comparison (continued)
2
C
I
PART
MAX7323 110xxxx Up to 4 — Up to 4 4
SLAVE
ADDRESS
INPUTS
MAX7328
MAX7329
16-PORT EXPANDERS
MAX7324 8 Yes — 8 Software equivalent to a MAX7320 plus a MAX7319.
MAX7325 Up to 8 — Up to 8 8 Software equivalent to a MAX7320 plus a MAX7321.
MAX7326 4 Yes — 12 Software equivalent to a MAX7320 plus a MAX7322.
MAX7327
0100xxx
0111xxx
101xxxx
and
110xxxx
Up to 8 — Up to 8 —
Up to 4 — Up to 4 12 Software equivalent to a MAX7320 plus a MAX7323.
INPUT
INTERRUPT
MASK
OPENDRAIN
OUTPUTS
PUSH-
PULL
OUTPUTS
APPLICATION
4 I/O, 4 output-only versions:
4 open-drain I/O ports with latching transition
detection interrupt and selectable pullups.
4 push-pull outputs with selectable power-up default
levels.
8 open-drain I/O ports with nonlatching transition
detection interrupt and pullups on all ports.
All ports power up as inputs (or logic-high outputs).
Any port can be used as an input by setting the
open-drain output to logic-high.
Page 7
RST
Input
The RST input voids any I2C transaction involving the
MAX7321, forcing the MAX7321 into the I2C STOP condition. A reset does not affect the interrupt output (INT).
Standby Mode
When the serial interface is idle, the MAX7321 automatically enters standby mode, drawing minimal supply
current.
Slave Address, Power-Up Default Logic
Levels, and Input Pullup Selection
Address inputs AD0 and AD2 determine the MAX7321
slave address, set the power-up I/O state for the ports,
and select which inputs have pullup resistors. Internal
pullups and power-up default states are set in groups
of four (Table 3). The MAX7319, MAX7321, MAX7322,
and MAX7323 use a different range of slave addresses
(110xxxx) than the MAX7320 (101xxxx) (Table 2).
The MAX7321 slave address is determined on each I2C
transmission, regardless of whether the transmission is
actually addressing the MAX7321. The MAX7321 distinguishes whether address inputs AD2 and AD0 are connected to SDA or SCL instead of fixed logic levels V+ or
GND during this transmission. This means that the
MAX7321 slave address can be configured dynamically in the application without cycling the device supply.
On initial power-up, the MAX7321 cannot decode
address inputs AD0 and AD2 fully until the first I
2
C
transmission. AD0 and AD2 initially appear to be connected to V+ or GND. This is important because the
address selection is used to determine the power-up
logic state and whether pullups are enabled. However,
at power-up, the I2C SDA and SCL bus interface lines
are high impedance at the pins of every device (master
or slave) connected to the bus, including the MAX7321.
This is guaranteed as part of the I2C specification.
Therefore, address inputs AD2 and AD0 that are connected to SDA or SCL normally appear at power-up to
be connected to V+. The power-up logic uses AD0 to
select the power-up state and whether pullups are
enabled for ports P3–P0, and AD2 for ports P7–P4. The
rule is that a logic-high, SDA, or SCL connection
selects the pullups and sets the default logic state to
high. A logic-low deselects the pullups and sets the
default logic state to low (Table 3). The port configuration is correct on power-up for a standard I2C configuration, where SDA or SCL are pulled up to V+ by the
external I2C pullup resistors.
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Table 2. Read and Write Access to Eight-Port Expander Family
2
I
PART
MAX7319 110xxxx 8 Yes — —
MAX7320 101xxxx — — — 8
MAX7321 110xxxx Up to 8 — Up to 8 —
MAX7322 110xxxx 4 Yes — 4
MAX7323 110xxxx Up to 4 — Up to 4 4 <port outputs>
MAX7328 0100xxx Up to 8 — Up to 8 —
MAX7329 0111xxx Up to 8 — Up to 8 —
C SLAVE
ADDRESS
INPUTS
INTERRUPT
MASK
OPENDRAIN
OUTPUTS
PUSH-
PULL
OUTPUTS
2
C DATA WRITE I2C DATA READ
I
<I7–I0 interrupt
mask>
<O7–O0 port
outputs>
<P7–P0 port
outputs>
<O7, O6 outputs,
I5–I2 interrupt
mask, O1, O0
outputs>
<P7–P0 port
outputs>
<P7–P0 port
outputs>
<I7–I0 port inputs>
<I7–I0 transition flags>
<O7-O0 port inputs>
<P7–P0 port inputs>
<P7–P0 transition flags>
<O7, O6, I5–I2, O1, O0 port
inputs>
<0, 0, I5–I2 transition flags,
0, 0>
<O7, O6, P5–P2, O1, O0 port
inputs>
<0, 0, P5–P2 transition flags,
0, 0>
<P7–P0 port inputs>
<P7–P0 port inputs>
Page 8
MAX7321
There are circumstances where the assumption that
SDA = SCL = V+ on power-up is not true—for example,
in applications in which there is legitimate bus activity
during power-up. Also, if SDA and SCL are terminated
with pullup resistors to a different supply voltage than
the MAX7321’s supply voltage, and if that pullup supply
rises later than the MAX7321’s supply, then SDA or
SCL may appear at power-up to be connected to GND.
In such applications, use the four address combinations that are selected by connecting address inputs
AD2 and AD0 to V+ or GND (shown in bold in Table 3).
These selections are guaranteed to be correct at
power-up, independent of SDA and SCL behavior. If
one of the other 12 address combinations is used, an
unexpected combination of pullups might be asserted
until the first I2C transmission (to any device, not necessarily the MAX7321) is put on the bus, and an unexpected combination of ports may initialize as logic-low
outputs instead of inputs or logic-high outputs.
Port Inputs
I/O port inputs switch at the CMOS-logic levels as
determined by the expander’s supply voltage, and are
overvoltage tolerant to +6V, independent of the
expander’s supply voltage.
I/O Port Input Transition Detection
All I/O ports configured as inputs are monitored for
changes since the expander was last accessed
through the serial interface. The state of the input ports
is stored in an internal “snapshot” register for transition
monitoring. The snapshot is continuously compared
with the actual input conditions, and if a change is
detected for any port, INT is asserted to signal a state
change. An internal transition flag is set for that port.
The input is sampled (internally latched into the snapshot register) and the old transition flags cleared during
the I2C acknowledge of every MAX7321 read and write
access. The previous port transition flags are read
through the serial interface as the second byte of a
2-byte read sequence.
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Table 3. MAX7321 Address Map
PIN CONNECTION DEVICE ADDRESS 40kΩ INPUT PULLUP ENABLES
AD2 AD0 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0
SCL GND 1100000YYYY————
SCL V+ 1100001YYYYYYYY
SCL SCL 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
SCL SDA 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
SDA GND 1100100YYYY————
SDA V+ 1100101YYYYYYYY
SDA SCL 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
SDA SDA 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
GND GND 1101000————————
GND V+ 1101001————YYYY
GND SCL 1101010————YYYY
GND SDA 1101011————YYYY
V+ GND 1101100YYYY————
V+ V+ 1101101YYYYYYYY
V+ SCL 1101110YYYYYYYY
V+ SDA 1101111YYYYYYYY
Page 9
Serial Interface
Serial Addressing
The MAX7321 operates as a slave that sends and
receives data through an I2C interface. The interface
uses a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL)
to achieve bidirectional communication between master(s) and slave(s). The master initiates all data transfers
to and from the MAX7321 and generates the SCL clock
that synchronizes the data transfer (Figure 1).
SDA operates as both an input and an open-drain output. A pullup resistor, typically 4.7kΩ, is required on
SDA. SCL operates only as an input. A pullup resistor,
typically 4.7kΩ, is required on SCL if there are multiple
masters on the 2-wire interface, or if the master in a single-master system has an open-drain SCL output.
Each transmission consists of a START condition sent
by a master, followed by the MAX7321’s 7-bit slave
address plus R/W bit, 1 or more data bytes, and finally
a STOP condition (Figure 2).
START and STOP Conditions
Both SCL and SDA remain high when the interface is
not busy. A master signals the beginning of a transmission with a START (S) condition by transitioning SDA
from high to low while SCL is high. When the master
has finished communicating with the slave, the master
issues a STOP (P) condition by transitioning SDA from
low to high while SCL is high. The bus is then free for
another transmission (Figure 2).
Bit Transfer
One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse.
The data on SDA must remain stable while SCL is high
(Figure 3).
Acknowledge
The acknowledge bit is a clocked 9th bit the recipient
uses to acknowledge receipt of each byte of data
(Figure 4). Each byte transferred effectively requires 9
bits. The master generates the 9th clock pulse, and the
recipient pulls down SDA during the acknowledge
clock pulse, such that the SDA line is stable low during
the high period of the clock pulse. When the master is
transmitting to the MAX7321, the MAX7321 generates
the acknowledge bit because the device is the recipient. When the MAX7321 is transmitting to the master,
the master generates the acknowledge bit because the
master is the recipient.
Slave Address
The MAX7321 has a 7-bit-long slave address (Figure
5). The eighth bit following the 7-bit slave address is
the R/W bit. It is low for a write command, and high for
a read command.
The first (A6), second (A5), and third (A4) bits of the
MAX7321 slave address are always 1, 1, and 0.
Connect AD2 and AD0 to GND, V+
,
SDA, or SCL to
select slave address bits A3, A2, A1, and A0. The
MAX7321 has 16 possible slave addresses (Table 3),
allowing up to 16 MAX7321 devices on an I2C bus.
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
SDA
Figure 1. 2-Wire Serial Interface Timing Details
Figure 2. START and STOP Conditions
t
BUF
t
LOW
t
SU,DAT
t
t
HD,DAT
SU,STA
t
HD,STA
t
SU,STO
SCL
t
HD,STA
START CONDITION
t
HIGH
t
t
R
F
REPEATED START CONDITION
SDA
SCL
SP
START
CONDITION
STOP
CONDITION
CONDITION
START
STOP
CONDITION
Page 10
MAX7321
Accessing the MAX7321
The MAX7321 is accessed through an I
2
C interface. The
transition flags are cleared, and INT is deasserted each
time the device acknowledges the I2C slave address.
A single-byte read from the MAX7321 returns the status of the eight I/O ports.
A 2-byte read returns first the status of the eight I/O
ports (as for a single-byte read), followed by the transition flags.
A multibyte read (more than 2 bytes before the I
2
C
STOP bit) repeatedly returns the port data, alternating
with the transition flags. As the port data is resampled
for each transmission, and the transition flags are reset
each time, a multibyte read continuously returns the
current data and identifies any changing ports.
If a port data change occurs during the read sequence,
INT is reasserted after the I2C STOP bit. The MAX7321
does not generate another interrupt during a singlebyte or multibyte read.
Port data is sampled during the preceding I2C
acknowledge bit (the acknowledge bit for the I
2
C slave
address in the case of a single-byte or 2-byte read).
A single-byte write to the MAX7321 sets the logic state
of all eight I/O ports.
A multibyte write to the MAX7321 repeatedly sets the
logic state of all eight I/O ports.
Reading from the MAX7321
A read from the MAX7321 starts with the master transmitting the MAX7321’s slave address with the R/W bit
set high. The MAX7321 acknowledges the slave
address, and samples the ports during the acknowledge bit. INT deasserts during the slave address
acknowledge.
Typically, the master reads 1 or 2 bytes from the
MAX7321, each byte being acknowledged by the master upon reception with the exception of the last byte.
When the master reads 1 byte from the MAX7321 and
subsequently issues a STOP condition (Figure 6), the
MAX7321 transmits the current port data, clears the
change flags, and resets the transition detection. INT
deasserts during the slave acknowledge. The new
snapshot data is the current port data transmitted to the
master; therefore, port changes ocurring during the
transmission are detected. INT remains high until the
STOP condition.
The master can read 2 bytes from the MAX7321 and
then issue a STOP condition (Figure 7). In this case, the
MAX7321 transmits the current port data, followed by the
change flags. The change flags are then cleared, and
transition detection resets. INT goes high (high impedance if an external pullup resistor is not fitted) during the
slave acknowledge. The new snapshot data is the current port data transmitted to the master; therefore, port
changes occurring during the transmission are detected.
INT remains high until the STOP condition.
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 3. Bit Transfer
Figure 4. Acknowledge
SDA
SCL
DATA LINE STABLE;
DATA VALID
START
CONDITION
SCL
SDA BY
TRANSMITTER
SDA BY
RECEIVER
S
CHANGE OF DATA
ALLOWED
CLOCK PULSE
FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT
12 89
Page 11
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Figure 5. Slave Address
Figure 6. Reading the MAX7321 (1 Data Byte)
Figure 7. Reading the MAX7321 (2 Data Bytes)
.
SDA
SCL
11
MSB
S1 1 0 A
SCL
PORT I/O
t
IV
INT OUTPUT
0
MAX7321 SLAVE ADDRESS
A3
R/W
A2 A1 A0
P6
P7
1
PORT SNAPSHOT
t
PH
t
IR
INT REMAINS HIGH UNTIL STOP CONDITION
PORT I/O
DATA
LSB
P1
P2P3P4P5
PORT SNAPSHOT
R/W
P0
ACK
P
N
D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7
t
PSU
t
IP
MAX7321 SLAVE ADDRESSS110
R/W
SCL
PORTS
t
IV
INT OUTPUT
1
PORT I/O INTERRUPT FLAGS
I6
I7
A
PORT SNAPSHOT
t
PH
t
IR
INT REMAINS HIGH UNTIL STOP CONDITION
I1
I2I3I4I5
PORT SNAPSHOT
I0
t
PSU
F6
F7
AD0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 N
S = START CONDITION
P = STOP CONDITION
SHADED = SLAVE TRANSMISSION
N = NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
F1
F2F3F4F5
PORT SNAPSHOT
F0
P
t
IP
Page 12
MAX7321
Writing to the MAX7321
A write to the MAX7321 starts with the master transmitting the MAX7321’s slave address with the R/W bit set
low. The MAX7321 acknowledges the slave address,
and samples the ports (takes a snapshot) during
acknowledge. INT goes high (high impedance if an
external pullup resistor is not fitted) during the slave
acknowledge. Typically, the master proceeds to transmit 1 or more bytes of data. The MAX7321 acknowledges these subsequent bytes of data and updates the
I/O ports with each new byte until the master issues a
STOP condition (Figure 8).
Applications Information
Port Input and I2C Interface Level
Translation from Higher or Lower
Logic Voltages
The MAX7321’s SDA, SCL, AD0, AD2, RST, INT, and I/O
ports P0–P7 are overvoltage protected to +6V independent of V+. This allows the MAX7321 to operate from a
lower supply voltage, such as +3.3V, while the I2C interface and/or any of the eight I/O ports are driven as inputs
driven from a higher logic level, such as +5V.
The MAX7321 can operate from a higher supply voltage, such as +3V, while the I2C interface and/or some
of the I/O ports P0–P7 are driven from a lower logic
level, such as +2.5V. Apply a minimum voltage of 0.7 x
V+ to assert a logic-high on any I/O port. For example,
a MAX7321 operating from a +5V supply may not recognize a +3.3V nominal logic-high. One solution for
input-level translation is to drive MAX7321 I/Os from
open-drain outputs. Use a pullup resistor to V+ or a
higher supply to ensure a high logic voltage greater
than 0.7 x V+.
Port-Output Port-Level Translation
The open-drain output architecture allows for level
translation to higher or lower voltages than the
MAX7321’s supply. Use an external pullup resistor on
any output to convert the high-impedance logic-high
condition to a positive voltage level. The resistor can be
connected to any voltage up to +6V, and the resistor
value chosen to ensure no more than 20mA is sunk in
the logic-low condition. For interfacing CMOS inputs, a
pullup resistor value of 220kΩ is a good starting point.
Use a lower resistance to improve noise immunity, in
applications where power consumption is less critical,
or where a faster rise time is needed for a given capacitive load.
Each of the I/O ports P0–P7 has a protection diode to
GND (Figure 9). When a port is driven to a voltage
lower than GND, the protection diode clamps the voltage to a diode drop below GND.
Each of the I/O ports P0–P7 also has a 40kΩ (typ) pullup
resistor that can be enabled or disabled. When a port is
driven to a voltage higher than V+,the body diode of the
pullup enable switch conducts and the 40kΩ pullup
resistor is enabled. When the MAX7321 is powered
down (V+ = 0), each I/O port appears as a 40kΩ resistor
in series with a diode connected to zero. I/O ports are
protected to +6V under any of these circumstances
(Figure 9).
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 8. Writing to the MAX7321
SCL
SDA
INTERNAL WRITE
TO PORT
DATA OUT
FROM PORT
12345678
SLAVE ADDRESS
S0
START CONDITION R/W
S = START CONDITION SHADED = SLAVE TRANSMISSION
P = STOP CONDITION N = NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
AAA
DATA TO PORT DATA TO PORT
DATA 1 DATA 2
t
PV
t
PV
t
PV
DATA 2 VALIDDATA 1 VALID
t
PV
Page 13
Driving LED Loads
When driving LEDs, a resistor must be fitted in series
with the LED to limit the LED current to no more than
20mA. Connect the LED cathode to the MAX7321 port,
and the LED anode to V+ through the series currentlimiting resistor, R
LED
. Set the port output low to illuminate the LED. Choose the resistor value according to
the following formula:
R
LED
= (V
SUPPLY
- V
LED
- VOL) / I
LED
where:
R
LED
is the resistance of the resistor in series with the
LED (Ω).
V
SUPPLY
is the supply voltage used to drive the LED (V).
V
LED
is the forward voltage of the LED (V).
VOLis the output-low voltage of the MAX7321 when
sinking I
LED
(V).
I
LED
is the desired operating current of the LED (A).
For example, to operate a 2.2V red LED at 10mA from a
+5V supply:
R
LED
= (5 - 2.2 - 0.07) / 0.010 = 270Ω.
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Figure 9. MAX7321 I/O Structure
Functional Diagram
AD0
AD2
SCL
SDA
RST
INPUT
FILTER
POWER-
ON RESET
CONTROL
MAX7321
PULLUP
ENABLE
INPUT
OUTPUT
I/O
PORTS
I2C
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
INT
V+
V+
MAX7321
40kΩ
P0–P7
Page 14
MAX7321
Driving Load Currents Higher than 20mA
The MAX7321 can be used to drive loads, such as
relays, that draw more than 20mA by paralleling outputs. Use at least one output per 20mA of load current;
for example, a 5V, 330mW relay draws 66mA, and
therefore, requires four paralleled outputs. Any combination of outputs can be used as part of a load-sharing
design because any combination of ports can be set or
cleared at the same time by writing the MAX7321. Do
not exceed a total sink current of 100mA for the device.
The MAX7321 must be protected from the negative
voltage transient generated when switching off inductive loads (such as relays), by connecting a reversebiased diode across the inductive load. Choose the
peak current for the diode to be greater than the inductive load’s operating current.
Power-Supply Considerations
The MAX7321 operates with a supply voltage of +1.71V
to +5.5V over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.
Bypass the supply to GND with a ceramic capacitor of
at least 0.047µF as close to the device as possible. For
the TQFN version, additionally connect the exposed
pad to GND.
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Pin Configurations (continued)
Typical Application Circuit
+
+5V
μC
SCL
SDA
RST
INT INT
SCL
SDA
RST
AD0
AD2
+3.3V
V+
MAX7321
GND
0.047μF
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
TOP VIEW
P7
P6
P5
8
P4
7
GND
6
P3
5
4
P1
P2
SDA
AD0
RST
SCL
12 10 9
11
13
14
V+
15
16
MAX7321
*EP
13
2
P0 INT
AD2
TQFN
*EXPOSED PADDLE, CONNECTED TO GND
Page 15
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
QSOP.EPS
Page 16
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
16 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
MARKING
E/2
D/2
D
AAAA
0.10 C 0.08 C
L
(NE - 1) X e
E2/2
E2
D2/2
D2
b
0.10 M C A B
C
L
L
e
12x16L QFN THIN.EPS
E
(ND - 1) X e
C
L
C
L
A
A2
A1
L
e
k
C
L
e
PACKAGE OUTLINE
8, 12, 16L THIN QFN, 3x3x0.8mm
21-0136
1
I
2
Page 17
MAX7321
I2C Port Expander with 8 Open-Drain I/Os
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
17 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2006 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
PKG
8L 3x3
REF. MIN.
MIN.
NOM. MAX.
0.70 0.75 0.80
A
b
0.25 0.30 0.35
D
2.90
3.00 3.10
E
2.90 3.00 3.10
e
0.65 BSC.
L
0.35
0.55 0.75
ND
NE
0
A1
A2
0.02
0.20 REF
k
0.25
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCING CONFORM TO ASME Y14.5M-1994.
2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. ANGLES ARE IN DEGREES.
3. N IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TERMINALS.
4. THE TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER AND TERMINAL NUMBERING CONVENTION SHALL CONFORM TO
JESD 95-1 SPP-012. DETAILS OF TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL, BUT MUST BE LOCATED
WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED. THE TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR
MARKED FEATURE.
5. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO METALLIZED TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN 0.20 mm AND 0.25 mm
FROM TERMINAL TIP.
6. ND AND NE REFER TO THE NUMBER OF TERMINALS ON EACH D AND E SIDE RESPECTIVELY.
7. DEPOPULATION IS POSSIBLE IN A SYMMETRICAL FASHION.
8. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED HEAT SINK SLUG AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS .
9. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO220 REVISION C.
10. MARKING IS FOR PACKAGE ORIENTATION REFERENCE ONLY.
11. NUMBER OF LEADS SHOWN ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
12. WARPAGE NOT TO EXCEED 0.10mm.
0.70
0.20
2.90
2.90
0.45
8
2
2
0.05
-
-
0.25
12L 3x3
NOM. MAX. NOM.
0.75
0.80
0.25
0.30
3.00
3.10
3.10
3.00
0.50 BSC.
0.65
0.55
12N
3
0.0230.05
0
0.20 REF
-
-
16L 3x3
MIN. MAX.
0.70
0.75
0.25
3.00
3.00
0.50 BSC.
0.40
040.02
0.20 REF
0.80
0.30
3.10
3.10
0.50
16
4
0.05
-
0.20
2.90
2.90
0.30
0.25
EXPOSED PAD VARIATIONS
PKG.
CODES
TQ833-1 1.250.25 0.70 0.35 x 45° WEEC1.250.700.25
T1233-1
T1233-3
T1233-4
T1633-2 0.95
T1633F-3
T1633FH-3 0.65 0.80 0.95
T1633-4 0.95
-
T1633-5 0.95
D2
MIN.
NOM.
MAX.
0.95
0.95
0.65
1.25
1.10
1.25
1.10
1.251.10
1.25
1.10
0.95
0.80
1.10 1.25 0.95 1.10
1.25
1.10
NOM.
MIN.
1.10
0.95
0.95 1.10 0.35 x 45°1.25 WEED-10.95
1.100.95
1.10
0.95
0.80
0.65
0.65 0.80
1.10 1.25
0.95
E2
PIN ID
MAX.
0.35 x 45°
1.25
0.35 x 45°
1.25
0.35 x 45°
0.95
0.225 x 45°
0.95
0.225 x 45°
1.25
0.35 x 45°
0.35 x 45° WEED-2
PACKAGE OUTLINE
8, 12, 16L THIN QFN, 3x3x0.8mm
JEDEC
WEED-1
WEED-11.25
WEED-2
WEED-2
WEED-2
WEED-2
21-0136
2
I
2
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