Datasheet MARA01 series, MARA06 series, MARA02 series Specification

Page 1

MAR

MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

Main applications

General purpose capacitor for AC applications, motor run. Switching capacitor for industrial and motor speed controls, electronic ballasts and SMPS

Dielectric

Polypropylene

Electrodes

Vacuum deposited metal layers

Coating

UL 510 / CSA TIL I-26 polyester tape wrapping; UL 94 V-0 resin end ll. Flame retardant execution

Construction

Extended metallized lm (refer to General Technical Information)

Terminals

Tinned copper wire (lead-free)

Degree of protection

IP00

Installation

Whatever position assuring correct heat dissipation. Arrangement of many components with surfaces in contact not admitted; suggested minimum distance between side by side elements ≥1/12 of the diameter size

Reference standard

IEC 60068, EN60252-1, IEC61071, RoHS compliant

Climatic category

40/85/56 (IEC 60068/1), GPD (DIN40040) Please refer also to paragraph C10 (humid ambient) of the General Technical Information

Operating temperature range (case)

40°...+85°C

Max. permissible ambient temperature

+70°C (operation at rated power, current, voltage and natural cooling)

Nominal Capacitance (Cn) µF

0,22µF to 60µF. Refer to article table

Capacitance tolerance (at 1kHz)

±10% (code=K), ±5% (code=J) and ±20% (code=M). Other tolerances upon request

Capacitance temperature coecient

Refer to General Technical Information

Long term stability (at 1kHz)

Capacitance variation ≤ ±1% after a period of 2 years at standard environmental conditions

Rated voltage (Ur) at +85°C (Vdc)

370, 500, 600, 700, 800Vdc. Please refer to article table

Rated AC voltage at 60Hz (Vac)

160 ÷ 500Vac. Please refer to the article table

Non recurrent surge voltage (Upk) Vdc

470, 625, 750, 875, 1050Vdc

Self inductance

≤1nH/mm of capacitor pitch and leads length used for connection

Maximum pulse rise time V/µs

Refer to article table

Maximum peak current (Ipeak) A

Refer to article table. Max. non repetitive Ipk = 1,5 x Ipeak

Dissipation factor (DF), max.

-4

tgδ x10

Insulation resistance (R

after 1 minute of electrication at 100Vdc (25 ± 5°C): R R

, measured at 25 ±5°C, 1 kHz

Cn ≤ 3.3 μF 3.3 μF < Cn ≤ 8 μF 8 μF < Cn ≤ 18 μF 18 μF < Cn ≤ 30 μF Cn > 30 μF

7 10 12 14 16

)

INS

≥ 15000s for Cn ≤ 1 μF but need not exceed 30GΩ (typical value)

INS

≥ 3000s for Cn > 1μF

INS

Test voltage between terminals (Ut)

2xUr (DC) or 2xUrac (AC) applied for 10s at 25±5°C (1 minute for type test)

Test voltage between terminals and case (Utc)

3kV 50÷60Hz applied for 60s at 25 ±5°C

Damp heat test (steady state)

List of admitted high humidity and temperature tests (please refer to paragraph C10 of the GTI)

Test ID Reference Permissible

e Damp heat test (steady state) biased - 70/70/1000 NO

Damp heat test (steady state) not biased

- IEC60068

Damp heat test (steady state) biased

- AEC Q-200 cockpit

Robustness under high humidity, Grade II

- IEC 60384-17:2019

High robustness under high humidity, Grade III

- IEC 60384-17:2019

Humidity load test, Test Cy, Severity II - IEC 60068-2-67

Humidity load test, Test Cy, Severity III

- IEC 60068-2-67 and 85/85/1000 Level 1 - AEC Q-200

YES

Performance: Capacitance change ≤ ±2% DF change ≤ 0.0010 at 1kHz R

≥ 50% of initial limit value

INS

Typical capacitance change versus operating time

-3% after specied hours at Ur

Life expectancy

30000 hours at Ur(DC), refer to article table for AC usage and related expected life

Failure quota

component hour

500/10

Resistance to soldering heat test

Test conditions: Solder bath temperature= +260 ±5°C Dipping time (with heat screen)= 10 ±1s

Performance: Capacitance change ≤ ±1% DF change ≤ 0.0010 at 1kHz

≥ 50% of initial limit value

INS

Ed. 04 Rev. 01 10.2021

25.1

Page 2

MAR

MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

MARA04 article table 370Vdc, 160Vac 50÷60Hz 10000 hours (200Vac 50÷60Hz 1000 hours)

Voltage at +85°C Cn Dimensions (mm) du/dt Ipeak Irms

Ur (Vdc) Urms (Vac)

370 160 470 1 9 27 0,8 50 50 2,5 23 MARA044100*G 370 160 470 1,5 11 27 0,8 50 75 3 18,5 MARA044150*G 370 160 470 2 13 27 0,8 50 100 4 15,5 MARA044200*G 370 160 470 2 10,5 32 0,8 40 80 3,5 17,5 MARA044200*J 370 160 470 2,2 13 27 0,8 50 110 4 14,5 MARA044220*G 370 160 470 2,2 11 32 0,8 40 88 3,5 16,5 MARA044220*J 370 160 470 2,5 14 27 0,8 50 125 4,5 13,4 MARA044250*G 370 160 470 2,5 12 32 0,8 40 100 4 15,2 MARA044250*J 370 160 470 3 15 27 0,8 50 150 5 12,2 MARA044300*G 370 160 470 3 13 32 0,8 40 120 4,5 13,7 MARA044300*J 370 160 470 3,3 13,5 32 0,8 40 132 4,5 13 MARA044330*J 370 160 470 4 15 32 0,8 40 160 5,5 11,7 MARA044400*J 370 160 470 4,7 16 32 0,8 40 188 6 10,7 MARA044470*J 370 160 470 5 16,5 32 0,8 40 200 6 10,2 MARA044500*J 370 160 470 6,8 19 32 1 40 272 7,5 8,5 MARA044680*J 370 160 470 10 22 32 1 40 400 10 6 MARA045100*J 370 160 470 10 19,5 44 1 25 250 9,5 7 MARA045100*N 370 160 470 15 23,5 44 1,2 25 375 10,5 5,7 MARA045150*N 370 160 470 20 27 44 1,2 25 500 13,5 5 MARA045200*N 370 160 470 22 28,5 44 1,2 25 550 14 4,7 MARA045220*N 370 160 470 25 30 44 1,2 25 625 14 4,4 MARA045250*N 370 160 470 30 29 53 1,2 20 600 14 4,5 MARA045300*R 370 160 470 30 27,5 57 1,2 15 450 14 5,3 MARA044300*S 370 160 470 33 30,5 53 1,2 20 660 14 4,3 MARA045330*R 370 160 470 33 29 57 1,2 15 495 14 5 MARA045330*S 370 160 470 40 34 53 1,2 20 800 14 3,9 MARA045400*R 370 160 470 40 31,5 57 1,2 15 600 14 4,5 MARA045400*S 370 160 470 50 38 53 1,2 20 1000 14 3,5 MARA045500*R 370 160 470 50 35 57 1,2 15 750 14 3,9 MARA045500*S 370 160 470 60 38 57 1,2 15 900 14 3,5 MARA045600*S

(1)

Change the * symbol with the needed capacitance tolerance code: J=±5%, K=±10%, M=±20%

(2)

Maximum values at 100kHz, +70°C, C tol. ≤ ±10% (for wider C tolerances, ESR variation must be taken in consideration)

(3)

Typical values at 100kHz (for operating frequencies far from the reference, ESR variation and related power dissipation variation must be taken

in consideration)

(4)

Not suitable for across the line application

(4)

Upk (Vdc) µF D L d V/µs A A mΩ -

(2)

ESR

(3)

ICEL CODE

(1)

Ed. 04 Rev. 01 10.2021

25.2

Page 3

MAR

MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

MARA03 article table 500Vdc, 275Vac 50÷60Hz 10000 hours (320Vac 50÷60Hz 1000 hours)

Voltage at +85°C Cn Dimensions (mm) du/dt Ipeak Irms

Ur (Vdc) Urms (Vac)

500 275 625 0,68 9 27 0,8 60 40,8 2,5 25 MARA033680*G 500 275 625 1 10,5 27 0,8 60 60 3 20 MARA034100*G 500 275 625 1 9,5 32 0,8 45 45 2,5 22,5 MARA034100*J 500 275 625 1,5 13 27 0,8 60 90 4 16 MARA034150*G 500 275 625 1,5 11,5 32 0,8 50 75 3,5 18,2 MARA034150*J 500 275 625 2 14,5 27 0,8 60 120 4,5 13,7 MARA034200*G 500 275 625 2 13 32 0,8 50 100 4 15,1 MARA034200*J 500 275 625 2,2 15,5 27 0,8 60 132 5 13 MARA034220*G 500 275 625 2,2 13,5 32 0,8 50 110 4,5 14,2 MARA034220*J 500 275 625 2,5 15 32 0,8 50 125 5 13,2 MARA034250*J 500 275 625 3 16,5 32 0,8 50 150 5,5 11,9 MARA034300*J 500 275 625 3,3 17 32 0,8 50 165 6 11,3 MARA034330*J 500 275 625 4 19 32 1 50 200 7 10,2 MARA034400*J 500 275 625 4 15,5 44 1 35 140 6 12,3 MARA034400*N 500 275 625 4,7 20,5 32 1 50 235 7,5 9,4 MARA034470*J 500 275 625 4,7 17 44 1 35 164,5 7 11,1 MARA034470*N 500 275 625 5 21 32 1 50 250 7,5 9,1 MARA034500*J 500 275 625 5 17,5 44 1 35 175 7 10,5 MARA034500*N 500 275 625 6,8 20 44 1 35 238 8,5 8,7 MARA034680*N 500 275 625 10 24 44 1,2 35 350 11 6,7 MARA035100*N 500 275 625 10 21,5 53 1,2 25 250 10,5 7,4 MARA035100*R 500 275 625 12 26 44 1,2 35 420 12 6,1 MARA035120*N 500 275 625 12 23 53 1,2 25 300 11,5 6,7 MARA035120*R 500 275 625 15 29 44 1,2 35 525 13,5 5,4 MARA035150*N 500 275 625 15 26 53 1,2 25 375 13 6 MARA035150*R 500 275 625 15 24,5 57 1,2 20 300 12,5 6,8 MARA035150*S 500 275 625 20 29,5 53 1,2 25 500 14 5,1 MARA035200*R 500 275 625 20 28 57 1,2 20 400 14 5,8 MARA035200*S 500 275 625 22 31 53 1,2 25 550 14 4,8 MARA035220*R 500 275 625 22 29 57 1,2 20 440 14 5,4 MARA035220*S 500 275 625 25 33 53 1,2 25 625 14 4,5 MARA035250*R 500 275 625 25 500 275 625 30 36 53 1,2 25 750 14 4,1 MARA035300*R 500 275 625 30 34 57 1,2 20 600 14 4,5 MARA035300*S 500 275 625 33 37,5 53 1,2 25 825 14 3,9 MARA035330*R 500 275 625 33 35,5 57 1,2 20 660 14 4,3 MARA035330*S 500 275 625 35 39 53 1,2 25 875 14 3,8 MARA035350*R 500 275 625 35 36,5 57 1,2 20 700 14 4,2 MARA035350*S 500 275 625 40 39 57 1,2 20 800 14 3,9 MARA035400*S

(1)

Change the * symbol with the needed capacitance tolerance code: J=±5%, K=±10%, M=±20%

(2)

Maximum values at 100kHz, +70°C, C tol. ≤ ±10% (for wider C tolerances, ESR variation must be taken in consideration)

(3)

Typical values at 100kHz (for operating frequencies far from the reference, ESR variation and related power dissipation variation must be taken

in consideration)

(4)

Not suitable for across the line application

(4)

Upk (Vdc) µF D L d V/µs A A mΩ -

31 57 1,2 20 500 14 5 MARA035250*S

(2)

ESR

(3)

ICEL CODE

(1)

Ed. 04 Rev. 01 10.2021

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MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

MARA02 article table 600Vdc, 320Vac 50÷60Hz 10000 hours (400Vac 50÷60Hz 3000 hours)

Voltage at +85°C Cn Dimensions (mm) du/dt Ipeak Irms

Ur (Vdc) Urms (Vac)

600 320 750 0,33 8 27 0,8 90 29,7 2 30 MARA023330*G 600 320 750 0,47 9 27 0,8 90 42,3 2,5 24 MARA023470*G 600 320 750 0,68 11 27 0,8 90 61,2 3 19,5 MARA023680*G 600 320 750 0,68 10 32 0,8 70 47,6 3 21,5 MARA023680*J 600 320 750 1 13 27 0,8 90 90 4 15,5 MARA024100*G 600 320 750 1 11 32 0,8 70 70 3,5 17,5 MARA024100*J 600 320 750 1,5 15,5 27 0,8 90 105 5 12,3 MARA024150*G 600 320 750 1,5 13,5 32 0,8 70 135 4,5 14 MARA024150*J 600 320 750 2 15,5 32 0,8 70 140 5,5 11,9 MARA024200*J 600 320 750 2,2 16,5 32 0,8 70 154 6 11,3 MARA024220*J 600 320 750 2,5 17 32 1 70 175 6,5 10,3 MARA024250*J 600 320 750 3 19 32 1 70 210 7 9,4 MARA024300*J 600 320 750 3,3 20 32 1 70 231 7,5 8,9 MARA024330*J 600 320 750 3,3 17 44 1 50 165 7 10,1 MARA024330*N 600 320 750 4 22 32 1 70 280 8,5 7,9 MARA024400*J 600 320 750 4 18,5 44 1 50 200 8 9,1 MARA024400*N 600 320 750 4,7 20 44 1 50 235 9 7,7 MARA024470*N 600 320 750 5 20,5 44 1 50 250 9 7,5 MARA024500*N 600 320 750 6,8 24 44 1,2 50 340 11 6,4 MARA024680*N 600 320 750 10 29 44 1,2 50 500 13,5 5,4 MARA025100*N 600 320 750 10 25 53 1,2 35 350 13,5 6,3 MARA025100*R 600 320 750 10 24 57 1,2 25 250 11,5 7,1 MARA025100*S 600 320 750 12 27,5 53 1,2 35 420 14 5,7 MARA025120*R 600 320 750 12 26 57 1,2 25 300 13 6,5 MARA025120*S 600 320 750 15 31 53 1,2 35 525 14 5 MARA025150*R 600 320 750 15 29 57 1,2 25 375 14 5,6 MARA025150*S 600 320 750 20 35 53 1,2 35 700 14 4,3 MARA025200*R 600 320 750 20 33 57 1,2 25 500 14 4,7 MARA025200*S 600 320 750 22 37 53 1,2 35 770 14 4,1 MARA025220*R 600 320 750 22 35 57 1,2 25 550 14 4,5 MARA025220*S 600 320 750 25 39,5 53 1,2 35 875 14 3,8 MARA025250*R 600 320 750 25

(1)

Change the * symbol with the needed capacitance tolerance code: J=±5%, K=±10%, M=±20%

(2)

Maximum values at 100kHz, +70°C, C tol. ≤ ±10% (for wider C tolerances, ESR variation must be taken in consideration)

(3)

Typical values at 100kHz (for operating frequencies far from the reference, ESR variation and related power dissipation variation must be taken

in consideration)

(4)

Not suitable for across the line application

(4)

Upk (Vdc) µF D L d V/µs A A mΩ -

37 57 1,2 25 625 14 4,2 MARA025250*S

(2)

ESR

(3)

ICEL CODE

(1)

Ed. 04 Rev. 01 10.2021

25.4

Page 5

MAR

MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

MARA06 article table 700Vdc, 400Vac 50÷60Hz 10000 hours (440Vac 50÷60Hz 1000 hours)

Voltage at +85°C Cn Dimensions (mm) du/dt Ipeak Irms

Ur (Vdc) Urms (Vac)

700 400 875 0,33 9,5 27 0,8 105 34,6 2,5 25 MARA063330*G 700 400 875 0,47 11 27 0,8 105 49,3 3 20,5 MARA063470*G 700 400 875 0,68 13 27 0,8 105 71,4 4 16,8 MARA063680*G 700 400 875 0,68 11,5 32 0,8 85 57,8 3,5 18,8 MARA063680*J 700 400 875 1 13,5 32 0,8 85 85 4,5 15,4 MARA064100*J 700 400 875 1,5 16,5 32 0,8 85 127,5 5,5 12,5 MARA064150*J 700 400 875 2 19 32 1 85 170 6,5 10,6 MARA064200*J 700 400 875 2 16 44 1 60 120 6 12,5 MARA064200*N 700 400 875 2,2 20 32 1 85 187 7 10,1 MARA064220*J 700 400 875 2,2 17 44 1 60 132 6,5 11,9 MARA064220*N 700 400 875 2,5 21 32 1 85 212,5 7,5 9,4 MARA064250*J 700 400 875 2,5 18 44 1 60 150 7 11,1 MARA064250*N 700 400 875 3 19,5 44 1 60 180 7,5 10,1 MARA064300*N 700 400 875 3,3 20,5 44 1 60 198 8 9,6 MARA064330*N 700 400 875 4 22,5 44 1 60 240 9 8,7 MARA064400*N 700 400 875 4,7 24,5 44 1,2 60 282 10,5 7,8 MARA064470*N 700 400 875 5 25 44 1,2 60 300 10,5 7,3 MARA064500*N 700 400 875 5 21,5 53 1,2 45 225 9,5 8,6 MARA064500*R 700 400 875 5 20,5 57 1,2 35 175 9,5 9,5 MARA064500*S 700 400 875 6,8 28,5 44 1,2 60 408 12,5 6,3 MARA064680*N 700 400 875 6,8 25 53 1,2 45 306 11,5 7,4 MARA064680*R 700 400 875 6,8 23,5 57 1,2 35 238 11 8,2 MARA064680*S 700 400 875 10 30 53 1,2 45 450 14 6,1 MARA065100*R 700 400 875 10 28 57 1,2 35 350 13,5 6,8 MARA065100*S 700 400 875 12 33 53 1,2 45 540 14 5,5 MARA065120*R 700 400 875 12 31 57 1,2 35 420 14 6,1 MARA065120*S 700 400 875 15 36,5 53 1,2 45 675 14 4,9 MARA065150*R 700 400 875 15 34,5 57 1,2 35 525 14 5,4 MARA065150*S 700 400 875 18 39,5 53 1,2 45 810 14 4,5 MARA065180*R 700 400 875 18 37,5 57 1,2 35 630 14 4,9 MARA065180*S 700 400 875 20 39,5 57 1,2 35 700 14 4,7 MARA065200*S

(1)

Change the * symbol with the needed capacitance tolerance code: J=±5%, K=±10%, M=±20%

(2)

Maximum values at 100kHz, +70°C, C tol. ≤ ±10% (for wider C tolerances, ESR variation must be taken in consideration)

(3)

Typical values at 100kHz (for operating frequencies far from the reference, ESR variation and related power dissipation variation must be taken

in consideration)

(4)

Not suitable for across the line application

(4)

Upk (Vdc) µF D L d V/µs A A mΩ -

(2)

ESR

(3)

ICEL CODE

(1)

Ed. 04 Rev. 01 10.2021

25.5

Page 6

MAR

MKP • axial terminals • AC-General purpose

•

MARA01 article table 800Vdc, 400Vac 50÷60Hz 10000 hours (500Vac 50÷60Hz 1000 hours)

Voltage at +85°C Cn Dimensions (mm) du/dt Ipeak Irms

Ur (Vdc) Urms (Vac)

800 400 1050 0,22 9 27 0,8 120 26,4 2 29 MARA013220*G 800 400 1050 0,33 10,5 27 0,8 120 39,6 2,5 23,5 MARA013330*G 800 400 1050 0,47 12,5 27 0,8 120 56,4 3,5 19 MARA013470*G 800 400 1050 0,47 10,5 32 0,8 100 47 3 22,5 MARA013470*J 800 400 1050 0,68 14,5 27 0,8 120 81,6 4 15,8 MARA013680*G 800 400 1050 0,68 12 32 0,8 100 68 4 18 MARA013680*J 800 400 1050 1 15,5 32 0,8 100 100 5 14,8 MARA014100*J 800 400 1050 1,2 17 32 1 100 120 6 13 MARA014120*J 800 400 1050 1,5 18 32 1 100 150 6,5 11,5 MARA014150*J 800 400 1050 2 21,5 32 1 100 200 7,5 9,8 MARA014200*J 800 400 1050 2 18 44 1 65 130 7 11,5 MARA014200*N 800 400 1050 2,2 22,5 32 1 100 220 7,5 9,3 MARA014220*J 800 400 1050 2,2 19 44 1 65 143 7,5 10,7 MARA014220*N 800 400 1050 2,5 20 44 1 65 162,5 8 10 MARA014250*N 800 400 1050 3 22 44 1 65 195 9 9 MARA014300*N 800 400 1050 3,3 23 44 1 65 215,5 9,5 8,5 MARA014330*N 800 400 1050 4 25 44 1 65 260 10,5 7,5 MARA014400*N 800 400 1050 4 22 53 1,2 50 235 10 8,8 MARA014400*R 800 400 1050 4 20,5 57 1,2 40 160 9,5 9,7 MARA014400*S 800 400 1050 4,7 27 44 1,2 65 305,5 12 6,6 MARA014470*N 800 400 1050 4,7 24,5 53 1,2 50 235 11 7,7 MARA014470*R 800 400 1050 4,7 22,5 57 1,2 40 188 10,5 8,6 MARA014470*S 800 400 1050 5 27,5 44 1,2 65 325 12,5 6,3 MARA014500*N 800 400 1050 5 25 53 1,2 50 250 11,5 7,4 MARA014500*R 800 400 1050 5 23 57 1,2 40 200 11 8,3 MARA014500*S 800 400 1050 6,8 28 53 1,2 50 340 13 6,5 MARA014680*R 800 400 1050 6,8 26,5 57 1,2 40 272 12,5 7,3 MARA014680*S 800 400 1050 10 33 53 1,2 50 500 14 5,4 MARA015100*R 800 400 1050 10 31,5 57 1,2 40 400 14 6,1 MARA015100*S 800 400 1050 12,5 38,5 53 1,2 50 625 14 4,9 MARA015125*R 800 400 1050 12,5 35,5 57 1,2 40 500 14 5,5 MARA015125*S 800 400 1050 15

(1)

Change the * symbol with the needed capacitance tolerance code: J=±5%, K=±10%, M=±20%

(2)

Maximum values at 100kHz, +70°C, C tol. ≤ ±10% (for wider C tolerances, ESR variation must be taken in consideration)

(3)

Typical values at 100kHz (for operating frequencies far from the reference, ESR variation and related power dissipation variation must be taken

in consideration)

(4)

Not suitable for across the line application

(4)

Upk (Vdc) µF D L d V/µs A A mΩ -

39 57 1,2 40 600 14 5,1 MARA015150*S

(2)

ESR

(3)

ICEL CODE

(1)

Warning: this specication must be completed with the data given in the

“General technical information” chapter

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General technical information

INDEX

A-Capacitor design and construction

A1-Film-foil capacitors A2-Metallized lm capacitors / Segmented metallization design A3-Self-healing A4-Mixed lm-foil and metallized lm capacitor technology A5-Dielectrics A6-Capacitors winding A7-Capacitors assembling and testing

B-Technical Terms (reference standards: EN, IEC, CECC and DIN normative) and general technical data

B1-Nominal Capacitance (C B2-Capacitance Tolerance B3-Temperature Coefcient of Capacitance (α) B4-Long Term Stability B5-Rated Voltage (U B6-Category Voltage (U B7-Temperature De-rated Voltage B8-Superimposed AC Voltage B9-Permissible AC Voltage up to 60Hz B10-Test Voltage between terminals (Ut) B11-Test Voltage between terminals and case (Utc) B12-Non Recurrent Surge Voltage (Upk) and Recurrent Peak Voltage (Upkr) B13-Rated Ripple Current (Ir) B14-Rated r.m.s. Current (Irms) B15-Max. Repetitive Peak Current (Ipeak) B16-Max. Non Repetitive Peak Current (Ipk) B17-Category Temperature Range B18-Lower Category Temperature (T B19-Rated Temperature ( T B20-Ambient Temperature (θamb or Tamb) B21-Rated Pulse Load, Pulse Rise Time (du/dt) and Waveform Energy Content (K B22-Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) B23-Dissipation Factor (tgδ or DF) B24-Impedance (Z) B25-Power Dissipation and Thermal Resistance (Rth) B26-Self Inductance (L) and Resonant Frequency (f B27-Insulation Resistance (R B28-Test Categories (reference: IEC60068-1) B29-Permitted Temperature and Humidity (reference: DIN40040) B30-Solder conditions for capacitors on printed circuit boards; terminals RoHS compliance B31-Dimensions, tolerances, terminals position and centering, lugs screws xing torque and connection modes B32-Standard Environmental Conditions for Test B33-Typical curves B34-Reference Reliability and Failure Rate (λ) B35-Life Expectancy (Le) B36-EN60252-1 normative Life Expectancy Classes B37-Taping specication for axial capacitors B38-E series according to DIN41426 and IEC60063 (preferred capacitance values)

or Cn)

or Ur; Urms; UN; U

)

) and Time Constant (τ)

INS

)

NDC

) and Upper Category Temperature (TB )

)

C-Application notes, operation and safety conditions

C1-Voltage applied and ionization eects C2-Pulse applications C3-Noises produced by capacitors

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General technical information

C4-Permissible current C5-Operating temperature (T C6-Components tting on PCBs and arrangement in equipment layout C7-Vibrations and mechanical shocks C8-Connections C9-Across the line and interference suppression applications (class X and Y caps.) C10-Special working conditions:

- Humid ambient (high temperature and high humidity operation)

- Sealing resins

- Immersion in oils-liquids

- Adhesive curing

- Rapid mould growth, corrosive atmosphere and ambient with a high degree of pollution

- Operating altitude

- Other unusual service conditions C11-Materials ﬂame retardancy, RoHS, REACH, Conﬂicts Free Minerals normative and regulations compliance C12-Safety warnings for capacitors usage in power equipment

D-Storage conditions and Standard environmental conditions

E-Printing and production date codes; resistance to solvents

)

F-General Warning (general rules and indications for problems and failures management or rejections)

G-Updating and validity of product specications; general data and information

H-Application Data Questionnaire

I-Capacitors selection guide; application matrix

IMPORTANT:

information and data contained in the chapter “General technical information”, are a completing part of the

single series specications. The series specications are completed with the data given in the “General Technical

Information” chapter.

Data and characteristics shown in this catalogue are subjected to modications without notice.

Always refer to ICEL S.r.l. web site, www.icel.it for products updated characteristics, last revision specications,

general data and information, products certications and news.

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General technical information

A-Capacitor design and construction

Plastic lm capacitors can be subdivided into two main groups on the base of their construction: lm-foil capacitors and metallized lm capacitors. The combination of these two technologies brings to a third group of capacitors, which gets the advantages of both the above groups.

A1- Film-foil capacitors

Typical lm-foil capacitor consists of two metal foil electrodes with a plastic lm between them, used as dielectric. Metal foils thickness is typically 5 to 9μm and the plastic lm must be thick enough to guarantee the necessary capacitor reliability in terms of voltage withstanding and long-term performances and reliability. Film-foil capacitors, being not able to self-heal (refer to related paragraph A-3) usually need a dielectric thickness higher than the one of metallized lm capacitors, having the same voltage ratings. It means that, considering the same dielectric type, capacitance and voltage rating, the typical dimensions of the lm-foil capacitors are larger than metallized lm capacitors ones. The presence of metal foil electrodes ensures high insulation resistance, very good capacitance stability, low losses even at high frequency, excellent pulse handling capability and high current withstanding. Film-foil capacitors don’t have self-healing properties.

A2- Metallized lm capacitors / Segmented metallization design

In metallized lm capacitors, the metal electrodes are vacuum deposited directly onto the dielectric lm surface. The dierent metal alloys, their shape and the thickness of the metal layer inﬂuence in a relevant way the characteristics, behavior, performances, energy density and typical usage destination of the capacitors. The outstanding advantage of metallized lm capacitor technology is the self-healing property. The extremely thin metal layer obtainable (typical thickness from 0.02 to 0.05μm for “ﬂat” metallization) and the availability of low thickness dielectric lms allow the production of capacitors with smaller dimensions than lm-foil ones, having the same voltage rating. The contacting of metallized lm capacitors is made by spraying metal alloys onto the windings face ends and then welding the terminals on those metal sprayed areas. This ensures a low inductance and low loss characteristics. Metallized lm capacitors do not typically guarantee high pulse withstanding capability. Nevertheless, a medium-high pulse handling capability can be reached with metallized lm technology, using special lms having metallization with reinforced contact edges and particular metal alloys, or adopting inner series connection design. Special metallization design, like slope prole (variable R, metallization thickness and metal alloy combination along the lm width) can be used to obtain high energy density, high performances and special characteristics, focused on particular application needs. The segmented metallization design of the metal layer over the dielectric, is shaped in a way to allow small part of it to be isolated in case of local short circuit or breakdown. The aim is to obtain the restoring of the full functionality of the unit with a negligible loss of capacitance, restraining the propagation of the energy involved in the clearing to other sections of the winding. This prevents the possibility of dangerous failures which may cause the destruction of the components and of the equipment where they are used, with smoke, re and explosion danger. This might be especially critical when several units are connected in parallel to obtain high-energy and high-capacitance banks. In case of particularly stressing operating conditions or overstresses, it may results in clearings taking place with the energy of the full capacitors’ bank discharging through the clearing point (localized overload risk). For this reason, in such layout conditions, the segmented executions versions should be taken in consideration. However this theoretically higher safety level implies a lower volumetric eciency, a possible increase of the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and of the related Dissipation Factor (DF), with respect to a comparable not segmented metallization (see the related picture). Also the Irms max. ratings are correspondingly slightly decreased. The latter considerations depend also on the design of the segmented pattern, which is typically related to the foreseen application.

A3- Self-healing

Self-healing (or clearing) process consists in the removal of imperfections, pin holes and dielectric lm ﬂaws which can cause permanent voltage breakdowns when voltage is applied to t he capacitor. The electric arc which takes place with breakdown, evaporates and changes the characteristics of the surface metallized area around the fault, insulating the defect: the capacitor almost instantaneously regains its full operation ability. The time necessary for self-healing process is usually less than a few μs and the electric arc occurs only if the necessary energy is available either as charge energy or as external energy. Self-healing occurs only occasionally, thanks to the capacitor design (lm metallization characteristics, dielectric lm thickness and lms disposal and combination in the winding) even when the maximum voltage allowed is continuously applied to the capacitor up to the higher temperature limit. Moreover, only fractions of the total energy stored in the capacitor are dissipated during the self-healing process, therefore the related voltage drop remains low, unless potentially critical operative and layout conditions are present. Please refer to point A2. When prescribed by approval normative, capacitors having self-healing characteristic are printed with “SH” or “#” symbol. For segmented metallization design, please refer to paragraph A2.

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Clearing Area Breakdown channel Interrupted gates

a and b: not segmented metallization; c and d: examples of segmented metallization. Eects of clearing on the two dierent lm metallization designs.

A4- Mixed lm-foil and metallized lm capacitor technology

The combination of lm-foil and metallized lm technology typically oers the advantages of the two above described types, obtaining selfhealing property, high current and pulse capability and low losses with extended frequency ranges. On the base of the foreseen application and needed capacitors characteristics, metal foils electrodes can be replaced by double side metallized lms and some types also cover high voltage ranges thanks to a particular inner structure design. Since these kinds of capacitors maintain the self-healing capability, they are conventionally classied among metallized lm capacitors.

A5- Dielectrics

Many dierent materials and plastic lms may be used as a dielectric. The main dielectrics used in ICEL S.r.l. products are: Polyester Polypropylene (Polycarbonate is no more available / in use: EXPIRED SERIES - NOT FOR NEW DESIGN)

The use of dierent dielectrics gives dierent characteristics, performances and behavior to the capacitors: dierent dielectric types are adopted as a function of the design needs and foreseen application characteristics. Dierent types of the same general lm type are available, having dierent characteristics and allowing dierent performance levels (for example dierent temperature grade polypropylene lms). A comparison of the main, average characteristics of the above plastic lm dielectrics is shown in the following table:

Comparative table of plastic ﬁlm dielectric main characteristics (typical values)

Characteristic Polyester Polycarbonate Polypropylene Polystyrene

Relative dielectric constant (25°C, 1kHz) 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.5

Max. working temperature (°C) 125 125 105 (+115)* 70

Loss factor (x10-4, at 1kHz; at 100kHz), typical 50; 180 10; 100 2; 3 2; 3

Insulation resistance (MΩ x µF, +20°C) ≥ 30 ≥ 50 ≥ 300 ≥ 300

Temperature coefcient (ppm/°C) - +150 -200 -150

Dielectric strength (V/µm), typical 250 180 350÷400 150

Water absorption (% in weight), typical 0.2 0.3 <0.01 0.1

Density (g/cm

*Special base lm and execution for high temperature applications

), typical 1.39 1.21 0.91 1.05

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A6- Capacitors winding

Capacitive elements are obtained rolling together a stated number of dierent types of lms (plain and metallized) and metal foils, having characteristics, arrangement and sequence function of design targets, obtaining cylindrical rolls called windings (in the following examples, it is shown 2 sections inner series connection scheme only but, depending on design, sections can be many more).

Extended metallized film designExtended metallized film design

with internal series connection

(series connection of 2 elements)

Extended double side metallized

carrier film design

Extended foil design

Plain film (dielectric/ protection)

Metal foil (electrodes)

Single side metallized film

( dielectric+electrodes)

Extended foil design with internal series

connection and metallized film

(series connection of 2 elements)

Extended double side metallized carrier

film design with internal series connection and metallized film

(series connection of 2 elements)

Double side metallized film

(electrodes)

Sprayed metal head contact

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A7- Capacitors assembly and testing

The capacitive windings are submitted to thermal treatments, heads contact spraying and then are submitted to 100% clearing and electrical parameters pre-testing. The windings can be ﬂattened (getting oval transverse section), in order to obtain axial or dipped units having specied dimensions or to be inserted in box. After the terminals welding, the units are nished in accordance with specications (wrap and ll, dipped, sealed in box style and so on). Additional 100% or statistical checks are executed at dierent points of the production cycle to guarantee the materials and capacitors conformity with specications. At the end of the production cycle, capacitors are submitted to nal tests (100% of the production, net of exceptions) and printing, in accordance with reference standards and applicable approval normative. Then they are packed for shipment or storage.

ICEL S.r.l. Quality Assurance system is in conformity with ISO9001 normative (please refer to ICEL S.r.l. web site www.icel.it for details and current approval state and additional certications availability).

B-Technical terms (reference standards: EN, IEC, CECC and DIN normative; for other applicable references please refer to the single type specication) and general technical data

B1- Nominal Capacitance (C

It is the capacitance value for which the capacitor has been designed. If not dierently specied, it is typically measured at 1kHz ±20% at a max. testing voltage 3% of the rated voltage or 5V (whichever is the lowest), at 20°±5°C. Capacitance rated values are typically graded in accordance with E series (refer to E series table; paragraph B38).

B2- Capacitance Tolerance

It is the maximum admitted deviation from the nominal capacitance value C letter codes. Preferred tolerance values and correspondent letter codes are:

±1%= F; ±1.25%= A; ±2%= G; ±2.5%= H; ±3%= I; ±5%= J; ±10%= K; ±20%= M M letter code may not appear in units printing. In this case the capacitance tolerance is assumed as ±20% by default.

or Cn)

n, measured at 20±5°C. It is expressed in % or with related tolerance

B3- Temperature Coecient of Capacitance (α)

Applies mainly to capacitors of which the reversible variation of capacitance as function of temperature is linear or approximately linear and can be expressed with a certain precision. It is the rate of change with temperature measured over a specied temperature range within the category temperature range. It is normally expressed in parts per million per degree Celsius (10-6/°C) referred to 20°C and shall be calculated as follows:

C0 = capacitance measured at 20±2°C q C qi = temperature measured on test

= 20±2°C

= capacitance measured at q

B4- Long Term Stability

It is the maximum irreversible capacitance change after a period of 2 years at standard environmental conditions (refer to “Storage conditions and Standard environmental conditions”; paragraph D).

B5- Rated Voltage (U

The rated voltage is the voltage for which the capacitor has been designed. It is the maximum direct voltage (U applied to a capacitor at the rated temperature T (unless other declared limitations or otherwise stated in reference specications).

or Ur; Urms; UN; U

) or the maximum r.m.s. (Urms) alternating voltage or peak value of pulse voltage which may be continuously

)

NDC

and at any temperature between the lower category temperature TA and the rated temperature TR

For capacitors for power applications it might be used also, U

: maximum operating peak voltage of either polarity of a reversing type waveform for which the capacitor has been designed

: maximum operating peak voltage of either polarity but of a non-reversing type waveform, for which the capacitor has been designed, for

NDC

continuous operation.

Important: always refer to what indicated at type specications about the applicable voltages values and waveforms applicable and allowed.

B6- Category Voltage (U

It is the maximum voltage that can be applied continuously to a capacitor at its upper category temperature T

)

B7- Temperature De -rated Voltage

It is the maximum voltage that may be applied continuously to a capacitor, when it is at any temperature between the rated temperature T the upper category temperature T

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+95+80+85+60+40+200-20-40

Max rms Current versus temperature (power capacitors)

Tamb (°C)

x 0,82

x 0,58

+100

B8- Superimposed AC Voltage

When alternating voltage is present, the working voltage of the capacitor is the sum of the direct voltage and the peak alternating voltage. This sum shall not exceed the rated voltage value, unless dierently specied.

B9- Permissible AC Voltage up to 60Hz

It is the pure sine wave voltage that may be applied to the capacitor at a frequency up to 60Hz. The dissipated power and currents must be considered in case of operation at higher frequency. The AC rated voltages stated for each series refer to an operating frequency of 50÷60Hz and sinusoidal waveforms (no transient obtained from the AC voltage versus frequency graphs of each capacitor series. If not dierently specied, the graphs are referred to an estimated typical capacitor temperature rise from the ambient temperature of +10°C.

Warning: even if the permissible AC voltage covers the lines voltage range, standard lm capacitors are basically not suitable for operation in direct connection to public power networks. Unless not specied and if not approved in accordance with related applicable normative, capacitors cannot be used as class X or class Y units.

B10- Test Voltage between terminals (Ut)

It is the specied voltage value that may be applied for a specied time to the capacitor to test its dielectric strength. The occurrence of self-healing during the application of test voltage is typically permitted for metallized lm capacitors.

Warning: unless dierently specied, many capacitors connected in parallel or self-healing capacitor connected in parallel with other capacitors types should not be tested without using adequate limiting discharging devices and care. Discharging or protecting devices are necessary to prevent the rapid dissipation of the complete energy of the capacitors bank at the breakdown and clearing point, in case of self-healing, which can cause the damage (even hidden, not visible or immediately detectable) or destruction of the self-healing capacitor. consideration when making voltage proofs and high voltage tests prescribed by relevant normative on equipment where several connected together capacitors are used.

voltages). The permissible AC voltage at frequency over 60Hz, under sinusoidal waveforms, can be

This must be taken in

B11- Test Voltage between terminals and case (Utc)

It is the specied voltage value (insulation voltage) that may be applied for a specied time to the capacitor between its terminals and case to test insulation characteristics of its external protection. The occurrence of breakdown or discharge during the application of test voltage is not admitted.

B12- Non Recurrent Surge Voltage (Upk) and Recurrent Peak Voltage (Upkr)

Upk is the maximum non recurrent peak DC voltage that may be applied to the capacitor for a limited number of times and for a short period. The application of voltage higher than Upk may result in premature dielectric failure, capacitors damage and reliability reduction. Upkr is the maximum recurrent peak DC voltage that

may be applied, under specied conditions, during the life of the capacitor.

B13- Rated Ripple Current (Ir)

It is the r.m.s. current value of the maximum allowable alternating current of a specied frequency at which the capacitor can be operated continuously at a specied temperature.

B14- Rated r.m.s. Current (Irms)

It is the highest permissible r.m.s. value of the continuous current ﬂowing through the capacitor at the specied max. case temperature, corresponding to a specied T rise with respect to the ambient temperature, and within an allowed frequency range. Upon sinusoidal conditions

Unless dierently specied, the typical reference ambient temperature (θamb or Tamb) is +70°C for power capacitors. If not dierently indicated in the reference specications, the Irms of the power series must be typically de-rated in relation to the ambient temperature according to the following graph (for the derating due to skin eect in case of short duration of peak current refer to correspondent graph; paragraph C2):

rated Irms (A)

x 1

Irms de-rating

No Irms de-rating

Irms and Voltage de-rating

Curve a: DCB, DCS, PHC, RHB, RMC, PPS, PPA, RSB, RMB, MAR. Curve b: other series for power applications. Always refer to the max. operating temperature at specications.

Irms NOT ALLOWED for safety reason

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B15- Max. Repetitive Peak Current (Ipeak)

It is the maximum value of the repetitive peak current that can be applied to the capacitor. Refer to Pulse Rise Time (du/dt) and Waveform Energy Content (K0); paragraph B21.

B16- Max. Non Repetitive Peak Current (Ipk)

It is the maximum non recurrent peak current that may be applied to the capacitor for a limited number of times and for a short period. The application of higher peak currents than Ipk may damage the capacitor permanently, even in a not immediately visible and detectable way.

B17- Category Temperature Range

It is the range of temperature for which the capacitor has been designed to operate continuously. It is dened by the temperature limits of the appropriate category (between T

and TR at rated voltage; up to TB at de-rated voltage).

B18- Lower Category Temperature (T

It is the minimum and the maximum ambient temperature for which the capacitor has been designed to operate continuously (between TA and T

) and Upper Category Temperature (TB)

at rated voltage; up to TB at de-rated voltage).

B19- Rated Temperature

It is the maximum ambient temperature at which the rated voltage may be continuously applied.

B20- Ambient Temperature (θamb or Tamb)

It is the temperature in the immediate surrounding of the capacitor and it is identical with the body surface (case) temperature of the unloaded capacitor.

B21- Rated Pulse Load, Pulse Rise Time (du/dt) and Waveform Energy Content (K

The Rated Pulse Load is the maximum pulse load that can be applied at a certain pulse repetition frequency to the terminations of a capacitor at

)

any temperature between TA and TR. The pulse rise time is the slope of voltage wave shape during charging or discharging of the capacitor and it is expressed in V/μs. The maximum pulse rise time value is typically referred to the rated voltage of the capacitor.

The current loading correspondent to the pulse rise time value is:

Ipeak in A, C

in μF, du/dt in V/μs.

The peak current ﬂowing through the capacitor, causes a localized heating of the contact area in the capacitor, due to contact resistance between terminals - metal sprayed on the winding heads - electrodes of the winding (winding lm contact edges or metal foils). Note: the contacts localized heating extend to the entire capacitor body, when the pulse stress is repetitive and constantly applied.

The energy W involved in the heating can be obtained by the formula

Ri = inner resistance

The energy content of the waveform applied to the capacitor is dened as follows

t = pulse width K

At low voltage or medium-low pulse levels, when working at lower voltage Ua than the rated voltage U rise time= du/dt at specication x U In any case, correspondent Ipeak must be ≤ Ipk (max. non repetitive peak current admitted) and maximum K not be exceeded in order to avoid a dangerous overheating of the capacitors.

is expressed in V2/μs

/ Ua.

, capacitors may be operated at a pulse

values stated in specications must

Note: in any case, for safety reasons, in the above conditions do not overcome 1,5 x rated du/dt value

B22- Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)

It is the resistive part of the equivalent series circuit. It is due to the resistivity of electrodes, internal connections and dielectric losses and depends on frequency and temperature. the capacitive reactance and dissipation factor of the capacitor by the formula:

C = capacitance in Farad ω = 2πf (f = frequency in Hz)

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B23- Dissipation Factor (tgδ or DF)

It is the power loss of the capacitor divided by the reactive power of the capacitor at a sinusoidal voltage of a specied frequency. value of the dissipation factor is known as the quality factor Q.

B24- Impedance (Z)

It is the magnitude of the vectorial sum of the ESR and the capacitive reactance in an equivalent series circuit, not considering the negligible self inductance

B25- Power Dissipation and Thermal Resistance (Rth)

A real capacitor will dissipate as heat a fraction of its energy. The amount of this dissipation is strictly dependent on the technical and design choices and materials used characteristics. It is also related to the kind of usage and application conditions, performances target, reliability, expected life and sizing. Is then a complex compromise of several dierent interacting factors.

Not considering inductances and electromagnetic losses caused by currents potentially induced by strong electromagnetic elds in not non-magnetic metal parts or cases, the main factors related to losses are:

-Rd: equivalent parallel resistance related to dielectric losses, mainly related to polarization phenomena in the dielectric mass (prevalent at low frequencies).

Related power dissipation= 2Eω x tgd

tgd

: dissipation factor of the dielectric

-R

: equivalent parallel resistance related to the Insulation Resistance (leakage), corresponding to extremely low current ﬂowing through the

INS

dielectric when a voltage is applied (sensible to high temperature, negligible except for extremely low frequency).

= ω x C x V2 x tgd0

-Rs: equivalent series resistance related to connections to the capacitive element dielectric, including terminals, heads spraying, winding heads surface contacts and lm metallization (electrodes). Rs depends on frequency, because it is aected by the skin eect (prevalent at medium-high freq.).

Important note: Rs is not equal to the ESR.

Related power dissipation= Rs x I

Nevertheless, a real capacitor can be at rst order, protably modeled as a perfect capacitor in series with a resistance including ALL the relevant “contributes” causing losses.

This resistance is the ESR= equivalent series resistance, related to frequency and Cap. value by the already seen formula

tgδ= ω x ESR x C

Important: capacitors ESR (and DF) can be directly measured and read with RLC bridges, this gives an immediate and easy possibility to estimate losses and power dissipation on the base of ESR.

(Global) Power dissipation in the component= Pd= I

x ESR

Important: DF and ESR are not constant with frequency, always consider limitations given in the type specications.

The power dissipation Pd, can be calculated as follows

The reciprocal

P = dissipation in Watt Vrms f C = capacitance in Farad tgδ(f n = number of signicant harmonics

= r.m.s. voltage of the ith harmonic in Volt

= frequency of the ith harmonic in Hz

) = dissipation factor at the frequency of the ith harmonic

In case of sinusoidal waveforms (n=1), the formula is

This formula may be also used to approximate the capacitor dissipation when submitted to non sinusoidal or pulse conditions, where

Pd = dissipation in Watt Vrms = r.m.s. value of the AC voltage f = repetition frequency of the pulse waveform C = capacitance in Farad tgδ = dissipation factor at the frequency of the steepest pulse part (pulse frequency=1/ pulse width)

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The maximum power dissipation admitted for a capacitor under normal conditions, depends on many dierent factors like the execution, design, shape, dimensions, materials and so on. An estimated value of the power dissipation capability may be calculated with the following formula

K [mW/ (°C x cm2)]: it can assume dierent values in function of dierent types, design and executions of the capacitors; typical values are in the range 0,7÷1,8. Lower K values are typical for general purpose metallized lm capacitors and capacitors having construction and shape not suitable for high heat dissipation (units having long length or wide pitch compared to the other sizes, small surface heads). Higher K values are typical for lm-foil capacitors and capacitors having specic design, construction and shape suitable for high heat dissipation (wide surface heads, short length and narrow pitch compared to the other sizes or thin shape) like power capacitors. The heat transmission from the inside to the surface of the capacitor is typically much more efcient and fast along the metallized or metal layers of the winding than through the dielectric: high K values are typically related to capacitors having wide heads surfaces compared with the total dissipating body surface or capacitors with low transversal section. Separated double side metallized current carriers (the metal ones even more eectively) or special design metallization lms do typically allow a better heat dissipation, helping the heat extraction from the inside of the capacitors body, as also supported by wide section and oversized terminals like lugs or multiple pins. The choice of types having lower K values will ensure higher safety margin in Pd estimation.

S: case surface (cm Parts of the capacitors surface not able to adequately dissipate the heat because of capacitor position or other limitations, like the radial–box capacitors face laying on PCB surface, should not be taken in consideration.

ΔT (°C): dierence between the hot spot case temperature of the capacitor in stationary working conditions and the ambient temperature (example: assuming an ambient temperature = +55°C, if the hot spot case temperature of the working capacitor has to be maintained ≤+70°C, the maximum ΔT must be 15°C).

The heat transmission mode in the capacitors body and dissipation capability depends on a high number of factors, such as materials constituting the capacitor intrinsic physical characteristics, connections shape and mass, capacitors shape, sizes, dimensional ratios, useful surface dissipation and environmental conditions. For capacitors having a relatively simple and almost homogeneous structure, the above can be simplied taking under control the case surface temperature reached at steady state under a known power applied, on the base of a known ambient temperature. Measurable hot spots are typically at the heads contacts, bottom box heads, where terminals contact the winding heads or at the lateral walls perimeter near box heads or at the center of the lateral box walls corresponding to the middle of the winding. At steady state condition, the relation between power dissipation and capacitor temperature rise is expressed by the Thermal Resistance (Rth):

)

So, the total operating temperature of the capacitor can be estimated with:

Too high ΔT due to power dissipation shall be avoided because it may lead to capacitor over-stress resulting in reliability and expected life reduction or damage. As a general indication, capacitors having metal foil electrodes, double side metallized electrodes or specically designed power types better withstand heating stresses.

Important: in the specications about capacitors series for power applications, Irms ratings are typically referred to a max. ΔT of +15°C from ambient temperature (operation at rated power, current, voltage, at natural cooling, +70°C or +85°C observing voltage and current derating; unless dierently specied).

Nevertheless, for safety reasons and unless dierently specied, following suggested max. ΔT due to power dissipation shall be considered when capacitors operate at high temperatures, near the rated maximum operating ones: ≤ 10°C at +85°C ambient temperature whichever is the type of capacitor considered ≤ 5°C at +85°C ambient temperature for general purpose metallized polypropylene lm capacitors (capacitors not having metal foil or double side metallized electrodes and not designed for power applications). Moreover, in case of special operating and cooling condition, the ΔT must be anyway limited to reasonable values: ΔT +20°C max. for general purpose capacitors and +40°C max. only for special capacitors designed for power applications, provided that evaluation and adequate tests have been performed. And after that the above data and results and related reliability levels and performances respect is judged acceptable upon discussion and analysis with ICEL S.r.l. technical oce. As a general indication, with all the other conditions unchanged,

- a ΔT limited to about +10°C can be obtained applying a Irms reduced to about 0.82 x Irms max rated.

- a ΔT limited to about +5°C can be obtained applying a Irms reduced to about 0.58 x Irms max rated.

If not dierently indicated and permitted in accordance with reference specications, avoid operation conditions which cause relevant power dissipation at ambient temperatures over +95°C, even in case of capacitors having higher rated upper category temperature. During stationary operation, the capacitor temperature must be always lower than the max. operating temperature stated for the capacitor.

Important note: maintaining a safe temperature margin, avoiding the reaching of the max. temperature limit, increases the capacitors reliability and expected life.

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Alternating voltage and current versus frequency

Vrms; Irms

Therefore, power dissipated under operation must be always lower than the max. power dissipation rated Pd.

If the above condition is not respected, possible actions are:

- reduction of the ambient temperature

- forced air cooling (in any case taking in consideration the heating level inside the capacitor)

- parallel connection of many capacitors

- use of dierent type of capacitors or capacitors having better dissipation characteristics

Important: regardless of the estimated Pd, always consider the max. voltage and the max. current (and their de-rating, if applicable) tolerable by the capacitor and in particular the current capability allowed by the terminals type. In fact, a theoretical obtained Pd value may correspond to higher voltage values than permissible Urms voltage (over ionization level at mediumlow frequencies) or may correspond to current values not tolerable by the capacitor and its terminals (at medium-high frequencies). In other words, it must be considered the rated a.c. load, expressed as:

a) rated a.c. voltage at low frequencies b) rated a.c. current at high frequencies c) rated reactive power (var) at intermediate frequencies

The typical capacitor Urms and Irms (sinusoidal waveform) limits versus frequency are as follows:

Constant IrmsConstant Vrms

I: area where voltage is limited by ionization II: area where voltage and current are limited by reactive power dissipation and tg III: area where current is limited by terminals characteristics

Irms

Vrms

The following indicative max. current values, as a function of the terminals type, shape and section (referred to a single terminal) shall be taken in consideration (referred to +70°C):

Tinned copper wire leads or cables, 0.6mm diameter / approx. 0.285mm Tinned copper wire leads or cables, 0.7mm diameter / approx. 0.385mm Tinned copper wire leads or cables, 0.8mm diameter / approx. 0.50mm Tinned copper wire leads or cables, 1.0mm diameter / approx. 0.785mm Tinned copper wire leads or cables, 1.2mm diameter / approx. 1.13mm

section= up to about 5A

section= up to about 7A

section= up to about 8A

section= up to about 10,5A

section= up to about 14A Lugs used for axial units (MPHL type)= up to about 25A Other lugs types= up to about 35÷40A (depending on type and shape)

Important factors when estimating the capacitors terminals-contacts current capability, are the terminals welding mode, the contacts welded surface, the winding heads spraying type and thickness and the capacitor working temperature. For this reason, the above listed currents must be considered as indicative values. Always refer to the capacitors specications to obtain max. rated current limits.

If needed data are not present in the capacitors specication, not corresponding or referred to the operating conditions (particularly in case of severe application with complex voltage and current waveforms which may cause relevant power dissipation and capacitor heating), ICEL Technical Oce must be contacted to ensure the use of the correct kind of capacitor for the application. ICEL S.r.l. is not responsible for problems caused by critical usage and application, not preventively discussed and acknowledged by ICEL Technical Oce

Moreover, since above data are based on very generalized assumptions, they do not allow absolute correct deductions in case of critical cases: a practical test at the real working conditions shall be made to verify the correctness of the theoretical assumptions.

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General technical information

B26- Self Inductance (L) and Resonant Frequency (fr)

Self inductance mainly depends on the inductance of the connecting terminals and of the winding. Thanks to heads metal spraying that connects all the winding turns, the self inductance is typically extremely low. Since the inductance can be reduced but never completely eliminated, at a certain frequency (fr ) the capacitive and inductive reactance are equal.

fr is called resonant frequency and at frequencies greater than fr the inductive component of the capacitor prevails. The inductance values indicated in the specications are typical and referred to the resonant frequency, at 20±5°C.

B27- Insulation Resistance (R

The insulation resistance R tric (R

between terminals, determined by the dielectric characteristics) and over the capacitor surfaces (R

INS

by the quality and characteristics of the insulating materials, such as insulating tapes, plastic boxes, sealing resins and so on). So, R

is the ratio of an applied DC voltage to the current ﬂowing after a specied time. It is dependent on temperature, voltage and time.

INS

The time constant (τ) of a capacitor is the product of R

) and Time Constant (τ)

INS

of a capacitor is a measure of its resistivity in DC. Under a stationary DC voltage, a leakage current ﬂows through the dielec-

INS

and the Capacitance value.

INS

between terminals and case, determined

INS

B28- Test Categories (reference: IEC 60068-1)

Capacitors can be graded in accordance with the following 3 groups of test categories; they result from the test conditions according to which capacitors have been tested:

Test Preferred values

A (cold, °C) IEC60068-2-1 -65 -55 -40 -25

B (dry heat, °C) IEC60068-2-2 +70 +85 +100 +125

C (damp heat test Ca, steady state, days) IEC60068-2-3* 04 10 21 56

*unbiased unless dierently specied

Example: Test category= 40/085/56 test A= -40°C; test B= +85°C, test C= 56 days

B29- Permitted Temperature and Humidity (reference: DIN40040)

They are dependent on capacitor type and are identied in accordance with DIN40040:

Permitted temperature and humidity in accordance with DIN 40400

code letter E F G H

Minimum temperature (°C) -65 -55 -40 -25

code letter S P M K

Maximum temperature (°C) +70 +85 +100 +125

code letter humidity category G F(E3)) D C

Average relative humidity ≤65% ≤75% ≤80% ≤95%

30 days per year, continuously

- 95% 100% 100%

60 days per year, continuously 85% - - -

For the remaining days, occasionally

1) These days should be suitably spread evenly out over the year.

2) Keeping the annual average.

3) For humidity category E, rare and slight dew precipitations additionally permitted

75% 85% 90% 100%

Important: lm capacitors prolonged exposure to combined high humidity and high temperature will produce dangerous irreversible eects, therefore it must be avoided. Related critical environmental conditions must be carefully evaluated since potentially leading to a rapid deterioration of the performances and reliability (also refer to paragraph C10). Direct contact with liquid water or excess exposure to high ambient humidity or dew will eventually remove the lm metallization and thus destroy the capacitor.

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r 3s

Simulations of the eect of humidity can be done through the humidity test dened in the climatic category. Accelerated testing can be performed under more severe conditions, if the relative severities are taken into account.

The stress entity is related to the relative humidity and temperature. Moreover, possible voltage load highly increases the stress level and the acceleration of the detrimental eects, resulting in a very fast failure probability unless performed on specically designed and rated types. For this reason, reference damp heat tests are not typically performed with voltage applied, unless dierently indicated in the type specications.

Only special designed and specically THB (Temperature Humidity Biased) rated capacitors shall be considered for harsh environment conditions usage (and may be submitted to biased humidity tests).

B30- Solder conditions for capacitors on printed circuit boards; terminals RoHS compliance

Solder bath (soldering iron to be carefully executed) temperature and time must be set to obtain good solderability avoiding the components damage. The soldering temperature must be set keeping the temperature inside the capacitors below the following general limits:

+110°C for KP and MKP units (+100°C for radial units with leads pitch P≤ 7.5mm or axial units with body length L≤ 10.5mm) +155°C for MKT (KC and MKC) units (+145°C for radial units with leads pitch P≤ 7.5mm or axial units with body length L≤ 10.5mm)

Temperature prole:

emp (°C)

350

IRON

0.9 x T

DIPPING

0346Times (s)

T= 260±5°C for 4s (general*) * for KP/MKP P=5; 7.5mm and L=10.5mm: Tmax. = 250°C fo

Pre-heating: it must be made at +110°C max. for 1 min. max. (+100°C max. for KP/ MKP units with leads pitch P≤ 7.5mm or axial units with body length L≤ 10.5mm). Avoid excessive thermal stress which may result in the capacitors damage, in particular for small size units. General soldering conditions:

- if repeated PCB soldering cycles are needed, it is necessary a recovery time until the capacitors surface temperature is below +50°C

- eﬂow soldering by combining the leaded types with SMD ones must be avoided

- when xing SMD parts in combination with leaded ones, any passing through adhesive curing oven must be avoided

- capacitors with radial terminals must rest stably on the PCBs.

- for axial terminals capacitors has to be kept a soldering distance of min. 6mm between the capacitor body and the solder connection

- it has to be kept a min. 1.5mm distance for vertical mounting (only upon agreed execution and when the vertical mounting is exceptionally

allowed)

Warning: the permissible heat exposure on lm capacitors is limited by upper category temperature. Long exposure to temperature levels above this limit cause irreversible changes of the capacitor characteristics or its damage.

In addition to solder bath temperature and the soldering process time, thermal load applied to the capacitor is also aected by pre-heating and post soldering temperature. Since the soldering heat is mainly transmitted in the units through the leads, the process is more critical for small size capacitors. For critical types capacitors soldering, in addition to checks of the process eect on the capacitors, a particular care is required; the keeping of maximum possible distance from solder bath, the use of solder resistant coatings or shields and the forced ventilation cooling is necessary. the

pre-heating cannot be avoided, the soldering process conditions should be possibly readjusted.

Particular assembly need, like welding on metal bars or other relevant mass conductors, requiring long time, high heating levels exposal, potentially causing inner contacts damages or hidden deterioration must be avoided or made by taking the utmost care and attention. Terminals RoHS compliance: terminals are Lead-free and i n con form ity w ith R oHS and REACH requirements (please refer to the web site www.

icel.it for detailed information). Typical terminals structure is 100% massive copper with matte (double) Tin coating.

When

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B31- Dimensions, tolerances, terminals position and centering, lugs screws xing torque and connection modes

Dimensions and materials may be subjected to reasonable variations due to available raw materials and normal ﬂuctuations in the manufacturing process; moreover, high stress working conditions, like operation at maximum ratings and at the max. rated temperature and humidity, may cause dimensional variations which should be taken into account when designing capacitors placement in equipment and on PCBs. Tolerances on dimensions are usually specied for every type in the series specications.

Box with radial terminals capacitors:

Unless otherwise specied, the following tolerances on nominal box dimensions “Bd” declared must be taken in consideration:

Size tolerances

Bd (mm) Tolerance (mm)

≤ 10 ±0.30

10 < Bd ≤ 18 ±0.45

18 < Bd ≤ 32 ±0.60

32 < Bd ≤ 42.5 ±0.80

> 42.5 ±1.0

Radial terminals position (wire terminals): the terminals o-set To from the capacitors body longitudinal center-line is

To≤ d (d= terminals diameter)

but need not to be lower than 0,8mm; for 4 or 6 x terminals versions, the maximum terminals o-set To from the symmetrical position from the capacitors body center-lines is To= 1,5 x d (d= terminals diameter)

Axial terminals capacitors:

Axial terminals position and centering (99,7% of the pieces): the centering error from the capacitors body axis is

Ce ≤ (Y/X)+d

where d is the terminals diameter and Y is the nominal diameter or thickness.

Y = D or B (mm) X

In any case, Ce need not to be lower than 2 x d (d= terminals diameter). 0,3% of the pieces may show terminals centering error up to 1,2 x the above limits.

Important: the vertical mounting of axials on PCBs is generally not allowed. Only exceptionally this can be considered after evaluation and discussion with ICEL Technical Oce, needing special capacitors execution and mounting care.

Box capacitors with lug terminals:

Lugs position: within drawings quotes and tolerances specied for each type and lug style, the lateral shifting of lugs position referred to center-line must be ≤ 2.5mm, unless dierently specied. A little lugs inclination, lacking of parallelism or lugs xing surfaces laying on slight oset planes is admitted, if not aecting the xing pitch and the correct mounting and xing. Lugs screws xing torque: 5Nm max. The xing force must be enough to ensure the electrical connection and a stable positioning and contact against vibrations and mechanical stresses (it is necessary and enough that the connection is not loose, not allowing the capacitor body free moving; excess torque is almost useless).

Lugs material: lugs are normally made with (lead free tinned) massive copper (brass as a possible alternative, upon specication)

WARNING: lugs bent, torsion, inclination or any change of the original design, shape, geometry and position for mounting and xing of weakening or even sealing cracking.

Box capacitors with cable terminals:

Cables position: within drawings quotes and tolerances specied for each type, the cables exit point position from the sealing is not ruled and standardized, even if typically located near the box head walls, almost at the centerline of the sealing, unless dierently indicated in specications upon agreement with customers.

Cables sealing: at the exit point from sealing, cables are not required to be exactly perpendicular to the sealing surface, unless dierently indicated in specications upon agreement with customers. In any case the cable sheath must be completely and permanently xed and surrounded by the sealing, without showing unprotected or unsealed cables conductors.

the capacitors onto equipment contacts is not admitted, since potentially causing contacts irreversible damage, mechanical

≤ 16 9

> 16 and ≤ 34 11

> 34 10

the box

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B32- Standard Environmental Conditions for Test

Unless otherwise speciﬁed, all the electrical data stated in the speciﬁcations are referred to a temperature of +15÷35°C, an atmospheric pressure of 86÷106 kPa and a relative humidity of 25÷75% (reference: IEC 384-1).

Preferred references: 23±1°C; 48÷52% RH; 86÷106 kPa

B33- Typical curves

Main electrical parameters variation in function of temperature and frequency. General data for comparison aims only, based on typical estimations. The real behavior of each single capacitor and its parameters variations versus temperature and frequency may be quite different from the following typical curves, depending on capacitance value, execution, shape, design-construction and several other interacting factors.

MKT= metallized polyester KP= lm-foil polypropylene MKP= metallized polypropylene KC= lm-foil polycarbonate MKC= metallized polycarbonate

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B34- Reference Reliability and Failure Rate (λ)

The reference reliability states a component type fraction failure under a dened load or operating condition. This fraction failure will not be exceeded within a specied operating time. The reference operating condition to which the reliability and failure rate are referred is typically +40°C with 0.5 x Ur (DC) continuously applied to the capacitor (no humidity considered); for capacitors for power applications the maximum ratings are taken as a reference (without de-ratings applied and no humidity considered). Unless dierently specied at types specications.

Failure rate λ is the fraction failure divided by a specied operating time and it is expressed in t (failure in time), as follows:

1 FIT= 1 x 109 / h (1 failure per 109 component hours)

Failure rate, when available, is referred to failure rate criteria like short or open circuit, main electrical parameters variation limits and so on, declared in each series specication. Typical failure criteria:

- short or open circuit

- capacitance variation >±10%

- Dissipation Factor variation > 2 x initial limits

- possible additional criteria to be indicated in the type specication

- excessive body distorsion (refer to size tolerances)

In order to estimate the typical expected failure rate as a function of load or operation characteristics dierent from the one taken as a reference for nominal failure rate, following conversion factors (CF) may be used:

Working Voltage (Uw/Ur) CF Working Temperature(°C) CF

1 x 20 ≤ +40 x 1

0,75 x 4 +55 x 2,5

0,5 x 1 +70 x 6

0,25 x 0,4 +85 x 15

0,1 x 0,2 (+ 100) (x 45)

The estimations shall be made within the allowed operating limits. Typical components failure rate curve in function of time, shows three characteristic periods in the components life:

- a rst period (I), when early failures occur

- a second period (II) during which the failure rate can be considered approximatively constant

- a third period (III) when failures increase due to aging wear:

Failure rates data at specications are typically referred to the second period (II) only.

WARNING: gures stated about expected life and failure rates are mainly based on application experience and accelerated ageing tests; they are

referred to average production conditions and must be considered as mean values, based on statistical expectations for a large number of lots of identical capacitors.

The above information and data must be considered as general indications. Always refer to the data listed in the specications for each type of capacitor. The above information are referred to the typical behaviour of the single component, net the possible layout of several units connected in series/parallel, which may increase the global risk upon critical operating conditions. Please refer to the related paragraphs.

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B35- Life expectancy (Le)

The Life Expectancy of the power capacitors series is typically referred to a reference nominal voltage Un and to the hot spot temperature of the capacitor case (the typical reference temperature is stated at type specications). The Life Expectancy may be improved derating the operating voltage and/ or the operating temperature.

Important: capacitors used in power applications are typically exposed to relevant stresses level and possible failure may result in very serious consequences. For this reason, the keeping of a wide safety margin (about 25÷30%) compared to ratings is a wise and long term protable approach. Life Expectancy as a function of operating voltage can be approximately estimated with the following formula:

Lw= Le (Un / Uw)

Lw (h)= life expectancy at the operating voltage Uw Le (h)= life expectancy at the voltage Un (given in specications) Un (V)= reference voltage to which Le is referred Uw (V) = operating voltage (Uw ≤ Un) E = 7÷8 (typical value; depending on capacitor design and construction)

WARNING: a good approximation of the capacitor behavior can be obtained at Uw values reasonably close to Un reference. If Uw> Un the life expectancy drops very fast with a big uncertainty of the estimation, that becomes the more unpredictable and unreliable the higher is Uw/ Un.

Do not operate capacitors over the allowed voltage.

Life Expectancy as a function of the hot spot temperature of the capacitor case can be approximately obtained with the following formula:

Lw= Le x 2

Lw (h)= life expectancy at the operating temperature Le (h)= life expectancy at the reference temperature T (given at specication) T (°C)= reference temperature Ths (°C)= hot spot case temperature at stationary working conditions (≤ max. rated Operating temperature) Ac (Arrhenius coefcient expressed in °C)= 7÷8 (typical; depending on capacitor design and construction)

WARNING: the above formula is derived from Arrhenius equation which describes the ageing of organic dielectrics as a function of the temperature. It gives an acceptable approximation of the capacitor behavior only if the temperature range taken in consideration is not too large and too far from the reference one. If Ths> T the life expectancy drops very fast with a big uncertainty of the estimation, that becomes the more unpredictable and unreliable the higher is Ths/ T.

Do not operate capacitors over the allowed temperature.

Important: obtained estimations are based just on voltage and temperature parameters, NOT considering any other possible stress source, in particular the humidity level. Whichever is the obtained estimation, orders of magnitude higher than the reference value do not

represent realistic data: keep a rational approach interpreting the result. The failure rate estimation anyway prevails as a primary criteria to evaluate the reliability of the component The above formulas shall not be used for estimations outside the specication rating limits..

ICEL Technical Ofce shall be contacted in order to estimate life expectancy data, to ensure the use of the correct type of capacitor for the application and to evaluate the adequate reliability level for the life time target reference. To obtain long life and low failures incidence al w ays consider large enough safety margins on ratings compared to application operating

conditions, when choosing capacitors. The above information are referred to the typical behaviour of the single component, net the possible layout of several units connected in series/parallel, which may increase the global risk upon critical operating conditions. Please refer to the related paragraphs.

B36- EN60252-1 normative Life Expectancy Classes

The following Life Expectancy Classes are used to rate the capacitors types approved in conformity with EN60252-1 normative:

(T-Ths) / Ac)

Class A: 30000 hours Class B: 10000 hours Class C: 3000 hours Class D: 1000 hours

The Life Expectancy Class is referred to an operating

- voltage

- frequency

- temperature

- possible duty cycle

Related to the EN60252-1 approval class obtained. The Life Expectancy Class code is printed in EN60252-1 approved capacitors markings.

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B37- Taping specication for axial capacitors

Description Symbol Dimensions (mm)

Capacitor diameter D 4,5 ÷ 19,5

Capacitor length L 10,5 ÷ 32,0

Component pitch A* See table I

Reel core diameter E 60

Arbor core diameter M 16

Reel diameter ø 340+5

Marking F See table II

Tape width H 6±0,5

Body location (lateral deviation) G ≤ 0,8

Body locatio n (longitudinal location) N ≤ 1,2

Tape spacing B See table III

Lead length from the capacitor body to the adhesive tape I ≥ 20

Distance between reel ﬂanges C See table III

* Cumulative pitch tolerance does not exceed 1.5mm over six consecutive components.

Table I Table II (reel marking)

D (mm) A (mm)

< 5 5

5 ÷ 9,5 10

9,6 ÷ 14,7 15

14,8 ÷ 19,5 20

- Manufacturer’s name

- Capacitor type and code

- Electrical values

- Component quantity

- Date

Table III Typical capacitor quantity per reel

L (mm) B±2 C (mm) D (mm) Qty.

≤ 13 53 75 < 5 2000

19 63 86 5 ÷10 500 ÷ 1000

> 19 73 95 10,1 ÷ 19,5 125÷ 350

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B38- E series according to IEC 60063 (preferred capacitance values;

note: dierent, special values may be adopted in specic cases or upon customer request; DIN41426)

E series according to DIN 41426 and IEC 63 (preferred capacitance values).

Values

1,00 X X X X X 3,30 X X X 1,02 X 3,32 X X 1,05 X X 3,40 X 1,07 X 3,48 X X 1,10 X X X 3,57 X 1,13 X 3,60 X 1,15 X X 3,65 X X 1,18 X 3,74 X 1,20 X X 3,83 X X 1,21 X X 3,90 X X 1,24 X 3,92 X 1,27 X X 4,02 X X 1,30 X X 4,12 X 1,33 X X 4,22 X X 1,37 X 4,30 X 1,40 X X 4,32 X 1,43 X 4,42 X X 1,47 X X 4,53 X 1,50 X X X X 4,64 X X 1,54 X X 4,70 X X X 1,58 X 4,75 X 1,60 X 4,87 X X 1,62 X X 4,99 X 1,65 X 5,10 X 1,69 X X 5,11 X X 1,74 X 5,23 X 1,78 X X 5,36 X X 1,80 X X 5,49 X 1,82 X 5,60 X X 1,87 X X 5,62 X X 1,91 X 5,76 X 1,96 X X 5,90 X X 2,00 X X 6,04 X 2,05 X X 6,19 X X 2,10 X 6,20 X 2,15 X X 6,34 2,20 X X X 6,49 X X 2,21 X 6,65 X 2,26 X X 6,80 X X X 2,32 X 6,81 X X 2,37 X X 6,98 X 2,40 X 7,15 X X 2,43 X 7,32 X 2,49 X X 7,50 X X X 2,55 X 7,68 X 2,61 X X 7,87 X X 2,67 X 8,06 X 2,70 X X 8,20 X X 2,74 X X 8,25 X X 2,80 X 8,45 X 2,87 X X 8,66 X X 2,94 X 8,87 X 3,00 X 9,09 X X 3,01 X X 9,10 X 3,09 X 9,31 X 3,16 X X 9,53 X X 3,24 X 9,76 X

E96 E48 E24 E12 E6

(±1%) (±2%) (±5%) (±10%) (±20%) (±1%) (±2%) (±5%) (±10%) (±20%)

Values

E96 E48 E24 E12 E6

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Rated rms current value versus pulse current duration

0.1

0.5

1.0

Irms multiplier

μS

C- Application notes, operation and safety conditions

Because of the many dierent types of capacitors and the many factors involved, it is not possible to cover, by simple rules, installation and operation in all possible cases. The following information, in addition to single series specications and to the data up to now listed in “General Technical Information” chapter, are given with reference to the most important points to be considered. Nevertheless, they are not exhaustive: they need to be completed with careful evaluations about the specic customers applications and operative condition.

C1- Voltage applied and ionization eects

Higher voltage values than the rated voltage applied to the capacitor may cause permanent damage like the dielectric perforation, short circuit or, in case of metallized lm capacitors, Insulation Resistance progressive decrease and capacitance drop, with reduction of Capacitors shall be adequately protected in order to prevent potential damages caused by voltages higher than the rated one, due to particular conditions such as equipment malfunction, equipment test conditions, etc. Rated voltage (rated current) can be applied at temperatures up to rated temperature. At higher temperatures than the rated one, an adequate voltage (or current) de-rating must be applied in conformity with each series specications. In order to guarantee a high reliability and long life expectancy, capacitors for power applications should not be operated at maximum permissible voltage and maximum operating temperature contemporaneously: this should be considered an emergency operating condition, for short periods of time. Suggested safety margins should be about 25÷30% lower than ratings. Capacitors rated voltage is usually specied DC. For AC applications it is suggested to refer to series specically designed for this kind of check the foreseen main applications at specications and the “Capacitors selection guide”). If a DC rated capacitor is used in AC applications, do not use higher AC voltages than the one stated at specication. With the exception of series designed for power applications, the AC voltages stated at specications are referred to sinusoidal waveform. If DC rated capacitors are used in an application with not sinusoidal or dierent waveforms from what specied at catalogue, ICEL Technical Ofce must be contacted before using the capacitor to evaluate the application. At high working voltage, ionization may cause a destructive process in the capacitor, in the dielectric, between the winding layers of the capacitor and present at the face ends of the capacitive element. If the electric eld in the capacitor exceeds the air dielectric rigidity, micro-discharges might take place in the winding, damaging the lm metallization and the lm itself. This usually causes capacitance drop and may also cause overheating due to Insulation Resistance drop, up to short circuit in case of persistent ionization. The voltage at which ionization phenomenon overcomes a reference limit is called corona on-set or o-set voltage as a function of taking place at the rising or at the decreasing of the voltage applied to the capacitor. The grade of the phenomenon and the damage that ionization causes depends on many dierent factors like the amount of air trapped in the capacitor, the type of dielectric and electrodes, the design and construction, the accuracy of manufacturing process and the working conditions. To minimize potentially dangerous ionization eects, do always respect the voltage ratings and if possible, choose capacitors having higher voltage ratings than the foreseen application ones, guaranteeing a safety margin high enough for a good reliability. In particular, ensure the respect of the following condition:

Vpp (peak to peak voltage) ≤ 2 x √2 x Ur (AC)

often having consequences at medium-long term. The ionization phenomenon (also called corona eect) is due to air contained

reliability and expected life.

usage (do

its

C2- Pulse applications

In case of pulse applications, it is necessary to consider the following main capacitor characteristics and application data (which are the minimum conditions to be satised in order to prevent capacitors damages):

Vmax. (max. voltage) ≤ Ur (DC) Vpp (peak to peak voltage) ≤ 2 x √2 x Ur (AC) du/dt or Ipeak ≤ specications value K

≤ specications value

Urms., Irms and waveform or pulse frequency (1/T): refer to permissible AC voltage versus frequency graphs Upk and Ipk ≤ specications value

Moreover, in case of short current pulse duration, also the skin eect in the contacts and terminations should be taken in account, in accordance with the following graph:

(lrms multiplier)

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C3- Noises produced by capacitors

During pulse stresses or when submitted to AC signals or complex waveforms having high frequency distortion rate, capacitors might produce buzzing noises due to coulomb forces generated between opposite poles electrodes. This noise is usually proportional to the size of the stress and its characteristics and may be dierent with dierent capacitor construction and design. It is not typically dangerous for the capacitor and does not typically relate to any damage or performances reduction of the capacitor.

C4- Permissible current

The main eect produced by the current ﬂowing through the capacitor is its heating. This heating, in addition to the ambient temperature, Tamb.+∆T due to Irms ﬂowing) must be maintained lower than the maximum operating temperature for which the capacitors have been designed. An excessive heating reduces capacitors reliability, expected life and performances. It might cause capacitors deterioration up to a short or open circuit, body deformation and melting with smoke emission or re danger, even if components are protected by flame retardant materials and/or segmented matallization design. The fact that dissipation factor may increase at temperature exceeding the max. rated temperature, causes a further dangerous heating eect which brings to a fast increase of the risk of severe damage of the capacitor. In addition to current linked with pulse operation (please refer to the related paragraphs), the eective currents (Irms) due to periodic waveforms cause the entire capacitor body heating. The combined eect of pulse and rms currents must be taken in consideration when evaluating the capacitor heating in order to avoid a global over-heating condition. The specications of capacitors for power applications and designed for high current operation list the max. Irms values.

The max. Irms ratings are typically referred to a temperature rise from ambient of 15°C.

Important: the maximum Ipeak and Irms stated at specication must not be overcome. Please contact ICEL Technical Ofce for support in case of any doubt about application of capacitors subjected to high pulse and rms currents or particular waveforms.

C5- Operating temperature

A capacitor used in AC applications is submitted to heating due to currents ﬂowing through it. The working conditions and the correct choice of the capacitor must ensure that capacitor working temperature and all the other parameters, remain within the limits stated in the specication. Operating temperature in excess to the max. admitted or very rapid changes from hot to cold and vice-versa may accelerate electrochemical dielectric degradation and may cause physical damage to protecting materials (accelerated ageing, sealing breaking and de-touching from box walls, important drop of the protection against humidity and so on). The direct test of the capacitor heating over the ambient temperature (∆T) and the Total operating temperature (Ttot. = Tamb.+∆T due to power dissipation) shall be made at load conditions equivalent to the real operating ones, but also simulating the worst working conditions foreseen in the application. The capacitor temperature must be measured at the hottest part of its body surface (typically in correspondence with terminals, near heads areas or areas having poor dissipation capability because of external reasons like particular disposal on PCBs, presence of other hot components in the surroundings and so on). The dissipation factor (and the related ESR) of the capacitor should be measured and compared with specication data, taking in consideration the typical range of values that dierent units of the same lot and dierent lots of the same type may reasonably have.

Important: the ESR value does not only change with the frequency but also with the Capacitance value. Tolerance on Capacitance must then be taken in account: max. Irms ratings are typically referred to Capacitance tolerances ≤ ±10%. Moreover, the typical ESR rise in function of the frequency might be steeper in case of segmented metallization design.

In addition to working conditions in terms of electrical parameters, particular attention must be paid to the correct installation of the capacitor and its position on PCB and in the equipment. Capacitors shall be placed where there is adequate dissipation by convection and radiation of the heat produced by the capacitor losses. The ventilation and cooling of the environment and the placement of the capacitor units shall provide good air circulation around each unit (considering the global environmental conditions, including humidity). This is particularly important for units mounted in rows, one above the other: always respect the suggested minimum distances between units. Extra heating, even if localized on parts of the capacitor body, could be caused by other components or parts in the immediate surroundings either as a consequence of their heating or as a consequence of strong magnetic elds inducing alternating magnetization and currents in metal parts. Capacitors should be situated at a safe distance from heavy current conductors. The inﬂuence of other components near to the capacitor under operating conditions must be always carefully evaluated.

(Ttot. =

C6- Components tting on PCBs and arrangement in equipment layout

Dimensional tolerances must be taken in consideration when designing capacitors tting on PCBs and in the equipment (please also refer to B31 paragraph). The tting of capacitors on PCBs and their arrangements in equipment lay-outs with touching bodies or body faces in contact one with the other must be absolutely avoided, in particular if capacitors are positioned in rows, one above the other. A not adequate distance between units would not allow the correct capacitors heat dissipation and cooling, especially in case of power applications and in equipment where components are submitted to sensible heating. The contact between capacitors body may also cause physical damage in case of mechanical stresses (vibrations, shocks) and small settlements of the units body which may occur at

As a general indication, the suggested minimum distance between side by side elements should be at least about 1/12 of the diameter or thickness in case of axial terminals components and at least about 1/8 of the thickness in case of radial terminals capacitors and capacitors in box with lug terminals (on all the components faces). Particular attention shall be paid to possible body deformations when capacitors are use in high humidity environments.

high temperature or in particular ambient conditions (this must be carefully evaluated upon special testing needs).

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C7- Vibrations and mechanical shocks

Capacitor xing method is very important to minimize detrimental eects due to vibrations or mechanical shocks. In particular, when foreseen application will submit capacitors to mechanical stresses, axial leaded capacitors shall be adequately xed to capacitors having lug terminals should be positioned in order to guarantee additional body support against vibrations, shocks and mechanical stresses, (elastic silicon gluing, xing bands etc.). The above is particularly important for units having big size and weight.

The mere lugs connection may not be enough to withstand relevant mechanical stresses or vibrations.

Axial capacitors should have the body resting onto the PCB surface. The vertical mounting of axial capacitors (resting on one head) should be avoided, adopted just in case of no alternative possibilities and taking in consideration the eects on mechanical stresses and vibration withstanding. Axial units vertical mounting need must be communicated to ICEL S.r.l. in order to adopt execution features preventing potentially problematic mounting and soldering to PCB. Radial in box capacitors must rest onto PCBs surface (capacitor mounted on PCB with the box supporting area in contact with PCB surface). If not dierently declared or stated by normative taken as a reference in series specications, the vibrations withstanding for radial in box capacitors is in accordance with IEC 60068-2-6 (test Fc, sinusoidal vibration):

f = 10÷500Hz for leads pitch P ≤ 22.5mm f = 10÷55Hz for leads pitch P > 22.5mm

3 x 2 hours with 0.75mm amplitude (below 57.6Hz) or 98m/s2 (above 57.6Hz), applied in three orthogonal axis No visible damage, no open or short circuit admitted.

Do not exceed the tested ability to withstand mechanical stresses and vibrations. Anyway, in case of possible particularly stressing vibration or mechanical shocks operating conditions, an adequate test and behavior evaluation under real working conditions must be made.

C8- Connections

The current carrier contacts into the capacitors (especially when they are high section lugs, blades and so on) can dissipate heat from the unit but they may also transfer heat generated in outer connections into the capacitor. For this reason, it is necessary to keep the connections leading to the capacitors cooler than the capacitor itself. Important: special care is necessary when designing circuits with capacitors connected in parallel or in series.

In parallel connections, the current splitting depends on slight dierences of resistances and inductances in the current paths, then one of the capacitors may be easily overloaded. Moreover, when one capacitor fails by short-circuit or simply self-heal, the complete energy of the bank will be rapidly dissipated at the breakdown - clearing point with possible destruction of the unit; the global voltage withstanding capability of a bank of several capacitors connected in parallel is typically (slightly) lower than the performance of a single unit. For this reason, wider safety margins compared to the operating condition shall be considered, and with such layouts, the segmented executions versions should be taken in consideration.

In series connections, because of variations in the circulation resistances of units, the correct voltage division between capacitors should be ensured by resistive voltage dividers. The insulation voltage of the single units shall be appropriate for the series arrangement. The above must be taken in consideration when submitting equipment to over-voltage or over-load tests and evaluating potential equipment malfunctions or failure modes and conditions.

The modication of the original lug (and “rigid” in general) terminals shape and geometry to x capacitors on the circuit is not admitted.

PCBs and

C9- Across the line and interference suppression applications (class X and Y caps.)

This type of capacitors is permanently submitted to mains voltage and additional surge or high pulse stress typical of this kind of application. The capacitor must have a high safety margin and must be approved in conformity with related reference standards (EN134200, IEC60384-14 etc.). Do not use capacitors not approved in interference suppressors applications. For safety reasons, the use of approved components in conformity with the above mentioned standards is mandatory. In case of across the line application with pulses or anomalous spikes the use of additional surge suppressors in parallel to the capacitor is strongly suggested.

C10- Special working conditions

Following special working conditions must be carefully evaluated before using a capacitor in the application:

- humid ambient: a capacitor operating in moist ambient might absorb humidity. The humidity may enter from the leads-sealing and/or box-

sealing contact surfaces and gradually reaches the winding. This can cause gradual electrodes oxidation leading in medium - long term to the capacitor damage or failure. Humidity can cause also electrochemical corrosion, depending on capacitors design and materials, destroying the metallization leading to capacitance drop, overheating, swelling of the capacitors body and potentially ending up to short circuit and relevant damage up to explosion and burning.

The potential related ageing eect due to electrochemical corrosion strongly depends on the amplitude of the applied voltage.

Capacitors eventually modify their characteristics according to environmental conditions. The magnitude and speed of these modications

depend on dielectric, design and protecting material.

With special design and insulation materials the speed of this process can be slowed, but not completely eliminated. Moreover, a certain capacitance variation takes place as a consequence of air humidity. The combination of high operation temperature and high humidity levels, even more with AC voltage operation and with high energy density

design, is a particularly dangerous and critical condition, potentially causing a fast ageing of the capacitor (re.: DIN40040 temperature-humidity graphs), with related relevant main parameters variations, body distortion, decrease of the expected life and rapid increase of the failure probability. This should be taken in account, in particular if units are supposed to be used in tropical countries or at critical environmental and climatic conditions.

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Temperature and Humidity Operating Reference

Important: special attention shall be paid when choosing capacitors to harsh environmental and climatic conditions. For this kind of application,

special execution capacitors having THB ratings shall be designed and adopted (THB: Temperature Humidity Biased).

List of tests potentially adoptable to evaluate high humidity - temperature performances for harsh environment.

Please refer to each type speciﬁcation for the actually adoptable ones

Test conditions

Test ID

Damp heat test (steady state) not biased - IEC60068

Damp heat test (steady state) biased - AEC Q-200 cockpit

Robustness under high humidity, Grade II - IEC 60384-17:2019

High robustness under high humidity, Grade III - IEC 60384-17:2019

Damp heat test (steady state) biased - 70/70/1000

Humidity load test, Test Cy, Severity II - IEC 60068-2-67

Humidity load test, Test Cy, Severity III - IEC 60068-2-67 and

Always refer to type specication for admitted tests type and severity level. The component tests upon not admitted ratings and severity levels, lead to unpredictable damages and results.

Note: testing capacitors upon most severe test classes, a typical eect could be the box bulging, even if with electrical parameter still within admitted variations and not corresponding to real electrical damages (please refer to type specications).

Always refer to type specications for suitable usage allowed and possible application under harsh environment conditions.

Working Voltage (Uw/Ur)

85/85/1000 Level 1 - AEC Q-200

midity

Test duration

Voltage applied (DC or AC

upon type speciﬁcation)

Temperature

Relative hu

No voltage applied +40 ±2°C 93 ±2% 56 days (1344h)

Rated voltage (Ur) +40 ±2°C 93 ±2% 1000h

Rated voltage (Ur) +40 ±2°C 93 ±2% 56 days (1344h)

Rated voltage (Ur) +60 ±2°C 93 ±2% 56 days (1344h)

Rated voltage (Ur) +70 ±2°C 70 ±2% 1000h

Rated voltage (Ur) +85 ±2°C 85 ±2% 21 days (504h)

Rated voltage (or de-rat-

ed voltage, as indicated

+85 ±2°C 85 ±2% 1000h

at type specication)

120

[°C]

100

Operative Temperature, T

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Harsh

Standard condition

environment

condition

Special environment

test condition

Relative Humidity, RH [%]

- sealing resins: chemical and thermal eects due to capacitors embedding in resins and curing process must be taken in account. Solvents contained in the resin might cause capacitor characteristics deterioration and physical damage to protection materials. The heat generated in the resin mass during polymerization process may bring to high temperatures and the resin shrinking during hardening may also cause leads breaks or other physical damage of the capacitor.

- immersion in oils-liquids: oils or other insulating-protecting liquids may cause the damage of the capacitors protecting materials and or units destruction. In particular, they may attack the tape adhesive, causing the rapid ﬂagging and de-touch of the insulating tape from the axial capacitors body. Depending on the substances, a possible relevant and fast penetration inside the capacitors may take place, typically at terminals-sealing contact and at sealing-case or tape contact surfaces. In general, immersion in any kind of liquids is not admitted: any need of immersion of the units in oils or other kind of insulating-protecting liquids must be communicated to ICEL S.r.l. for preventive evaluation. In any case, enough long time and exhaustive evaluation tests shall be performed.

- adhesive curing: the resin used to glue SMD components might cause damage to capacitors dielectric (in particular to polypropylene lm) if they are cured in the same oven, especially when long curing time is combined with the heat necessary for the curing process. When polypropylene capacitors are used with SMD components, they must be t after the SMD gluing process.

- rapid mould growth, corrosive atmosphere and ambient with a high degree of pollution (also a very long permanence at stock before usage if not at controlled conditions): carefully evaluate operating conditions which may cause capacitors damage or accelerated aging. Very long term

permanence at stock before usage may cause oxidation or other chemical phenomena taking place on the terminals surface, in particular in ambient having high humidity levels, relevant temperature oscillations or presence of contaminating or reacting chemical substances. Unusual storage or transport temperatures or conditions may cause damages too.

- dust in the cooling air: particularly if conductive.

- operating altitude: capacitors used at big altitudes are subjected to special operating conditions, in particular they are submitted to reduced

heat dissipation efciency related to the air density and characteristics variation.

The maximum allowable altitude above sea level is typically 2200 meters, 1000 meters for capacitors for power applications.

- following further unusual service conditions and misapplications may cause failures: superimposed radiofrequency voltages (units not suitable for radio interference suppression), unusual vibrations, bumps of mechanical shocks, abrasive particles, corrosive substances, explosive or conducting dust in cooling air and oil or water vapors, explosive gas or substances, radioactivity, rapid or excessive humidity or temperature changes of working ambient, unusual transportation or storage temperature and environmental conditions.

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C11- Materials ame retardancy, RoHS, REACH, Conicts Free Minerals normative and regulations compliance

Unless dierently specied, ICEL S.r.l. products are protected with ﬂame retardant materials. Please refer to the series specications for detailed information. ICEL S.r.l. products are manufactured in compliance with RoHS and REACH normative requirements, Conﬂicts Free Materials regulation. Related statements, data and additional information are available at the web site www.icel.it.

C12-Safety warnings for capacitors usage in power equipment

A deep and detailed study of the suitability of the capacitors for the application and their correct usage in the equipment is extremely important. Adequate qualication and reliability tests made on an enough high number of samples for an enough long time are necessary as well. A discussion of the operating conditions and the evaluation of tests results shall be made in cooperation with ICEL Technical Oce. Since potential consequences of malfunctions, problems or failures upon power applications may be extremely serious, the equipment must be designed with adequate safety systems for detection, monitoring and problems prevention, devices for main electric parameters monitoring, temperature sensors, smoke – re sensors etc. As soon as an anomalous behavior of the system appears, the circuit supply prompt stop shall take place to prevent the progression to irreversible capacitors damage levels. The equipment design and circuit layout shall be made in order to contain and minimize the possible eect of a failure, avoiding damage propagation to surrounding areas.

Important: a wide safety margin of capacitors ratings compared to the operating conditions must be kept (25-30% suggested).

Periodic checking plans of the equipment state and components conditions shall be adopted, including replacement plans for ageing prevention.

D-Storage conditions and Standard environmental conditions

In order to minimize the units ageing and electrical parameters variation before the units real use in the application, it is suggested to avoid capacitors storage where environmental conditions are dierent from the following (standard environmental conditions):

- Temperature: +15°C ÷ +35°C (ideal), up to +5°C ÷ +50°C admitted.

- Humidity (+25°C): average per year ≤ 60%, 30 days random distributed throughout the year ≤ 80%, other days ≤ 70%, dew not admitted.

These humidity levels should be reduced at ambient temperatures ≥ +25°C, of about 15% for every 5°C of ambient temperature increase, up to +50°C max.

Important: very long term storage may be related to surface oxidation phenomena or other chemical reactions on the copper exposed parts of the terminals (cutted sections); very long term storage, particularly in presence of humidity, may also reduce the terminals solderability.

Moreover,service life must be considered as the sum of operating hours, operating breaks, storage and testing time at users - customers facility and transport times.

E-Printing and production date code; resistance to solvents

If not otherwise stated by reference normative, by approvals related to capacitors series or agreed with customers, the typical printing data shown on capacitor body are:

- ICEL trade mark or name

- Series or type

- Rated capacitance and measuring unit

- Tolerance on capacitance (shown in % or with correspondent letter code)

- Rated voltage

- Manufacturing date codes according to DIN41314 and IEC60062 + 2 characters corresponding to the week code (total 4 characters):

Year Code Year Code Month Code

2007 V 2019 L January 1 2008 W 2020 M February 2 2009 X 2021 N March 3 2010 A 2022 P April 4 2011 B 2023 R May 5 2012 C 2024 S June 6 2013 D 2025 T July 7 2014 E 2026 U August 8 2015 F 2027 V September 9 2016 H 2028 W October O (letter) 2017 J 2029 X November N 2018 K 2030 A December D

(codes sequence repeating every 20 years)

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Example: capacitors manufactured 20 February 2015 code= F208; capacitors manufactured 8 October 2017 code= JO41.

If necessary, special production data code printing may be used or adopted upon request in order to ensure an extra-detailed products traceability; for example, if several repeated productions and shipments are made in the same week the std. code could be followed by a further character, obtaining a 5 characters code. Other special identication codes could be managed, upon agreement. In addition to above listed data, following additional printing are typically shown on approved series:

- Operating temperature range or climatic class

- Self-healing property

- Protection class

- Expected life class

- Operating frequency

- Approval references and approval Marks

Some of the above mentioned data may be lacking when capacitors shape, dimensions or available printing surfaces do not complete data marking. Printing resistance to solvents (laser printing excluded): the printing is usually made on capacitors body with dark ink, resistant to the main

common solvents (like alcohol, ﬂuorhydro-carbons and their mixtures) used for PCBs washing and ﬂux residues removal. Particularly aggressive solvents and cleaning agents based on chloroydro-carbons or ketones must not be used since they may damage the capacitors and their coating materials.

In particular, any substance containing ketones will probably cause printing melting.

Moreover, also some kind of protecting and tropicalizing varnishes having the same chemical base may cause printing melting and potential capacitors damage.

Important: before applying any varnish or protecting liquid or solvent onto capacitors surface, do test its eect on markings and coating materials. It is recommended to carefully dry the components after the cleaning.

F-General Warning (general rules and indications for problems and failures management or rejections)

Not respecting specications and parameters limits, improper installation, use or application of ICEL S.r.l. products might cause damage to the components, induce their characteristics modication and a decrease of their reliability and expected life. This could bring to dangerous failures which may cause the destruction of the components and of the equipment where they are used, smoke, re and explosion danger.

Note that the adoption of segmented metallized lm design does not directly imply that the capacitors are not subjected to potentially dangerous failures.

Before using ICEL S.r.l. products in any application, please read carefully the related specications and all the information included in this catalogue.

Information and data contained in the chapter “General technical information”, must be considered as a completing part of the single series specications.

Overstressing and overheating shorten the life of a capacitor, therefore the operating conditions (like temperature, voltage, installation, operation and so on) should be strictly controlled. Be sure that the component is proper for your application, that the application parameters do not overcome the limits stated at related specication and that all the warnings and instructions for use are correctly followed. Do check in the intended application and operating conditions of the component before using it in any product or equipment, to ensure that the component is proper for your application. In case of doubt about service conditions and correspondent capacitors characteristics and performances, or in case of application not or working parameters not stated at capacitors specications, ICEL Technical Oce must be consulted (please refer to the “Application data questionnaire”; paragraph H).

ICEL S.r.l. is not responsible for problems caused by critical usage and application, not preventively discussed and acknowledged by ICEL Technical Oce.

Products manufactured by ICEL S.r.l. are made with maximum attention to quality, in order to be free from defects in design, materials and workmanship, following related series specications and applicable national and international normative, regulations and approvals obtained requirements.

The cooperation between ICEL S.r.l. and customers is fundamental to solve possible problem, prevent and reduce the consequences of failures. In particular, the prompt and exhaustive communication at least of following main information is necessary to allow a quick and eective

response to the complaints you may have:

- detailed description of the failure - problem

- when and how the failure - problem was detected

- operating conditions, environmental conditions and application description

- operating time before the failure - problem occurred

- number of damaged and their percentage on total quantity used or supplied

- original supplied lots data and references (production date code, delivery date, quantity etc.)

- rst time usage in a new application or long term, consolidated application (other lots previously supplied?)

- problems detected during tests (which one? Under which conditions?) or controls or during normal working on eld

- any additional information about special conditions which may have been associated with the failure - problem occurred

- possible similar problems occurred in the same application- conditions on other capacitors types (or from competitors)

A fundamental aim of the ICEL S.r.l. Quality Assurance system is the prevention of defects occurring.

allow a

foreseen

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ICEL S.r.l. is not responsible for possible delays in the Non-Conformities management in absence of prompt, complete and detailed information provided by the customer.

Samples of damaged, if available, should be sent to ICEL S.r.l. for analysis upon agreement and indications from ICEL S.r.l. They must be clearly identied and possibly separated by other “good” units or units damaged for other reasons. They must be adequately packed and protected to prevent any additional damage than the one claimed.

Important: the customer is required to have an adequate and eective traceability system to keep nite and focused the problem management (and related costs) on involved pieces or lots only. ICEL S.r.l. is not responsible for any additional cost or undue management need related to a not precise and not reliable customer traceability and products identication system.

ICEL S.r.l. liability shall be limited to replacement or repair free of charge of the ascertained defectives, provided that notication of failures or defects is given to ICEL S.r.l. immediately when the same becomes apparent.

These actions are possible only after that the returning conditions have been agreed with the customer or buyer and ICEL S.r.l. has analyzed the defectives and authorized the returning of goods.

Any components rejection of samples delivery must be packed and adequately protected in order to prevent any additional damage dierent from the originally detected failure or problem, anyway ensuring the material integrity and protection against environmental conditions.

ICEL S.r.l. is not responsible for any possible damages to persons or things, of any kind, derived from improper installation, wrong usage or incorrect application of ICEL S.r.l. products.

ICEL S.r.l. shall not be liable for any defect which is due to accident, fair wear and tear, negligent use, tampering, improper handling, improper use, operation or storage or any other default on the parts of any person other than ICEL S.r.l.

In case of defective goods, ICEL S.r.l. shall not be liable, under no circumstances, for any consequential loss or damage arising from the goods sold. above limitations to ICEL S.r.l. liability for defective goods apply also to product liability: ICEL S.r.l. shall have no responsibility for injury to persons or damage to goods or property of any kind.

In case of any product liability claim from third parties against ICEL S.r.l., not falling within ICEL S.r.l. liability in accordance with above statements, customer or buyer shall hold ICEL S.r.l. harmless.

G-Updating and validity of product specications - General data and information

All drawings, descriptions, characteristics, materials and performance data given by ICEL S.r.l. are as accurate as possible but must be considered as a general information, so they are not binding on ICEL S.r.l., unless specically agreed in writing.

Unless otherwise stated, dimensions and materials may be subjected to reasonable variations due to available raw materials or normal manufacturing process tolerances.

The caracteristics of the components are subjected to improvements and upgradings related to norms evolutions and the continuous improvement approach adopted. The production lot code identies a specic period and the related compliance with the applicable specications reference.

The

The data and information given in the General Technical Information chapter must be considered a part of the

single types and capacitors families specications contained in the general catalogue.

Data and characteristics shown in this catalogue are subjected to modications without notice.

Always refer to ICEL S.r.l. web site, www.icel.it, for products updated characteristics, last revision specications,

general data and information, products certications and news.

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H-Application Data Questionnaire

In order to help ICEL Technical Oce to correctly individuate the component suitable for your needs, please ll this questionnaire, giving us all the available information about the application and the working conditions.

Capacitance (1kHz): Tolerance (%): Resistor value (Ω, for RC networks only): Resistor power (W, for RC networks only): Rated DC voltage (Vdc): Operating DC voltage (Vdc): Rated AC voltage (Vac): Operating AC voltage (Vac): Repetitive Peak voltage (Vdc): Non Repetitive Peak voltage (Vdc): Operating frequency (Hz): Irms max.(A): , at frequency= Hz, at temperature= °C Max. Pulse Rise Time (V/μs) : Max. Repetitive Peak Current (A): Max. Non Repetitive Peak Current (A): Pulse width (s): Pulse repetition frequency (Hz): Max. Dissipation Factor (x10-4): tgd= at frequency= Hz; tgd= at frequency= Hz Max. E.S.R.( mΩ): at frequency= Hz; at frequency= Hz Insulation Resistance at+25°C (MΩ): after 1 minute at Vdc Operation: continuous D Intermittent D with Cycle duration / Duty cycle: Test voltage between leads: Vdc D / Vac D, for s, notes: Test voltage between leads and case: Vdc D / Vac D, for s, notes: Max. rated operating temperature (°C): Min. rated operating temperature (°C): Max. ambient temperature (°C): Min. ambient temperature (°C): Cooling: natural D; forced D, notes: Climatic category (IEC60068-1 cold test / heat test / damp heat duration): / / Ambient operating humidity conditions:

Other critical operating conditions:

Expected life (h): Failure rate (x10-9 component hours): Reference conditions: voltage applied= ; temperature= ; others= Failure modes:

Preferred execution: axial cylindrical Notes:

Diameter (mm): , tolerance± mm Thickness (mm): , tolerance± mm Height (mm): , tolerance± mm Length (mm): , tolerance± mm Leads type: Leads dim. (mm): , tolerance± mm Printing requirements: Approvals: Reference Normatives: Packing requirements: Reference / presently used components: Additional technical information (please enclose drawings, schematic circuit diagram, voltage and current waveforms and application description if available):

Needed quantity: Foreseen order frequency: Delivery terms: Target price: Notes: List of enclosed documents:

, axial ﬂat , radial dipped , radial in box , radial with lugs , other

I - Capacitors selection guide (Main Applications and Products destination)

PLEASE REFER TO ICEL S.R.L. WEB SITE WWW.ICEL.IT FOR PREFERREND USAGE AND SUITABILITY UPON APPLICATIONS.

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s.r.l.

21053 CASTELLANZA (VA)

VIA CARLO JUCKER, 16

Sede legale:

21053 CASTELLANZA (VA)

VIA SALVO D'ACQUISTO, 15

Tel. +39-0331-500.510

Fax +39-0331-503.035

E-mail icel@icel.it

http://www.icel.it

INDUSTRIA COMPONENTI ELETTRONICI

MECCANOGRAFICO VA010069

Cod. Fiscale N. IT 00218230126

Partita I.V.A. N. IT 00218230126

R.E.A. n. 111635

C.C.P. n. 19864214

Registro imprese: 7492 VA026

Capitale € 51.480 int. vers.

14/12/2018 – Rev.0

General Conditions and Terms of Sale

Please refere to the following General Conditions and Terms of Sale, completing and being part of the order confirmation.

Since we can accept your order and make a legally enforceable agreement without further reference to you, you must read these terms and conditions to make sure that they contain all that you want and accept and nothing that you are not happy with. If you need clarifications, please contact us at +39 0331 500510 or at icel@icel.it.

This document contains the General Conditions and Terms of Sale ruling buying and selling between the companies: (the Seller) and its Customers (the Buyers), applicable to any type of product or service.

Order: list of products and services requested and any special conditions governing the relationship.

Order confirmation: our official acceptance of the customer order, including reference to the present document.

General Conditions and Terms of Sale: these apply to all Supplies. They form an integral and substantial part of each offer and order acknowledgement.

1. General

1.1. These General Conditions and Terms of Sale are applicable together with the conditions included in our order

confirmation. In case of contradiction what indicated in the order confirmation will prevail.

1.2. The supply is subordinate to acceptance of the present document “GENERAL CONDITIONS AND TERMS OF SALE”.

Application of these General Conditions and Terms of Sale by the Seller is included and valid for all order acknowledgements sent to its customers.

1.3. Acceptance, either express or tacit, constitutes the Buyer’s waiver of the application of its own general and special

Terms and Conditions of Purchase. Any condition in the Order that modifies, conflicts with or contradicts these General Conditions and Terms of Sale will be considered invalidated and not applicable, unless specified otherwise herein. The Seller will not accept any verbal agreements or commitments stipulated by its representatives and/or agents in contraddiction with the present document; any divergence from these terms and conditions must be agreed with the Seller (ICEL S.r.l.) and made in writing.

1.4. The Seller reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to modify these General Conditions and Terms of Sale at any time,

but it is required to inform the Customer thereof. The order is an irrevocable proposal to buy, but it is deemed accepted by the Seller only following official order confirmation or execution of the order.

1.5. Any reference made to trade terms (such as EXW, CIP, etc.) is deemed to be made to Incoterms published by the

International Chamber of Commerce and current at the date of conclusion of the contract.

Page 35

Pag.2

2. Characteristics of the Products – Modifications

2.1. Any information or data relating to technical features and/or specifications of the Products contained in dépliants,

price lists, catalogues and similar documents shall be binding only to the extent they are expressly referred to in the Contract.

2.2. The Seller may make any change to the Products which, without affecting the specifications, appear to be necessary

or suitable, without need of notice to customers.

3. Rescheduling – Order cancellation

3.1. The purchase order cancellation could be made by the Buyer no later than 6 weeks before scheduled delivery date

by written notice, without prejudice to compensation of the duly documented costs incurred by the Seller in executing the Order. Upon receipt of the request to cancel the Order, the Seller must suspend all activities relating to such Order and take all steps to minimize the costs and losses resulting from cancellation.

4. Delivery Time

4.1. If the Seller expects that he will be unable to deliver the Products at the date agreed for delivery, he must inform the

Buyer of such occurrence within the shortest delay, in writing o by phone. The Seller must also communicating the estimated new date of delivery. If the delay for which the Seller is responsible lasts more than 8 weeks, the Buyer will be entitled to terminate the Contract, with reference to the Products the delivery of which is delayed only, by giving a written, 10 days notice to the Seller.

4.2. Any delay caused by force majeure (as defined in art. 10) or by acts or omissions of the Buyer (e.g. the lack of

indications which are necessary for the supply of the Products), shall not be considered as a delay for which the Seller is responsible.

5. Delivery and shipment – Complaints

5.1. Except as otherwise agreed, the supply of the goods will be Ex Works, even if it is agreed that the Seller will take

care, in whole or in part, of the shipment. Any kind of assurance on the shipped goods shall be asked directly by the Buyer

5.2. In any case, whatever the delivery term agreed between the parties, the risks will pass to the Buyer, at the latest,

upon delivery of the goods to the first carrier.

5.3. Any complaints relating to packing, quantity or exterior features of the Products (apparent defects), must be

notified to the Seller, by registered letter with return receipt, within 6 months from receipt of the Products; failing such notification the Purchaser's right to claim the above defects will be forfeited. Any complaints relating to defects which could not be discovered on the basis of a careful inspection upon receipt (hidden defects) shall be notified to the Seller, by registered letter with return receipt, within 7 days from discovery of the defects and in any case not later than 6 months from delivery; failing such notification the Purchaser's right to claim the above defects will be forfeited. It’s also understood that minor qualities, colors, dimensions and quantities deviations within tolerances and normal fluctuations do not give cause for objections.

5.4. It is agreed that any complaints or objections do not entitle the Buyer to suspend or to delay payment of the

Products as well as payment of any other supplies.

5.5. Seller has the right to invoice to the buyer up to ±10% of the quantity ordered by the Buyer.

Page 36

Pag.3

6. Prices

6.1. Unless otherwise agreed, prices are to be considered in EURO / unit measure, taxes excluded, Ex Works, for

Products packed according to the usages of the trade with respect to the agreed transport means. It is agreed that any other cost or charge shall be for the account of the Buyer.

7. Payment conditions

7.1. If the parties did not specified the payment conditions, payment must be made as indicated under article

hereunder.

7.2. If the parties have agreed on payment on open account, payment must be made, unless specified otherwise, in

advance before the shipment, by bank transfer. Payment is deemed to be made when the respective sum is at the Seller's disposal at its bank. If it is agreed that payment must be backed by a bank guarantee, the Buyer must put at the Seller's disposal, at least 30 days before the date of delivery, a first demand bank guarantee, issued in accordance with the ICC Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees by a primary Italian bank and payable against on simple declaration by the Seller that he has not received payment within the agreed term.

7.3. If the parties have agreed on payment in advance, without further indication, it will be assumed that such advance

payment refers to the full price. Unless otherwise agreed, the advanced payment must be credited to the Seller's account at least 15 days before the agreed date of delivery.

7.4. If the parties have agreed on payment by documentary credit, the Buyer must, unless otherwise agreed, take the

necessary steps in order to have an irrevocable documentary credit, to be issued in accordance with the ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (Publication n. 500), notified to the Seller at least 30 days before the agreed date of delivery. Unless otherwise agreed, the documentary credit shall be confirmed by an Italian bank agreeable to the Seller and will be payable for sight.

7.5. If the parties have agreed on payment against documents (documentary collection) payment will be, unless

otherwise agreed, Documents Against Payment.

7.6. Unless otherwise agreed, any expenses or bank commissions due with respect to the payment shall be for the

Buyer's account.

8. Warranty and liabilities for defects

8.1. The Products shall be covered by Seller’s standard warranty and liabilities terms and provisions included in the web

site www.icel.it

8.2. Seller warrants that goods sold to the Buyer are conform to Seller’s standard specifications for such Products or such

other specification as are expressly agreed by the Seller and Buyer in writing. It’ s also understood that information and data contained in the section “General Technical Information” of the catalogues must be considered as a

completing part of each family type of Product. Before using a Seller Products in any application, please read carefully the related specifications included in the catalogues. An improper installation or not respecting parameters limits and ratings might cause damage to the products, their characteristics modification and a decrease of their reliability and useful life. Products manufactured by Seller are made with maximum care, in order to result free of defects in design, materials and workmanship, according with adequate specifications.

8.3. Cooperation between Buyer and Seller is basically precious in order to solve problems or when a failure occurs. In

case of Buyer complaint, please forward the following information along with an immediate communication of the failure. Only upon previous agreement with Seller, Buyer could send a detailed description of failure, indicating operative condition and type of application, number of defective pieces used on field or tested, eventually expressed in percent on whole quantity used, failure mode and description. It is mandatory the communication of the original batch of goods as printed on the Product or labeled on packing; please also let us know the delivery

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date and others relevant data from the billing documents. After agreement and upon Seller request, Samples of defective Products should be sent to Seller for analysis, packed in order to prevent additional damages different from the ones detected. Data sheets specifications are referred to a fairly large number of products and do not constitute a guarantee of characteristics or properties in the legal sense. However, agreement on these specifications does not mean that the Buyer may not claim for replacement of individual defective Products within the terms of delivery. Seller will not assume any further liability beyond the replacement of defective Products. This applies in particular to any further consequences of component failure as better specified further in this section. A single failure among a delivered batch of products should not be meaningful of poor reliability of the whole production batch, but should be considered as an early failure or understood to have reached incidentally the end of life within the failure rate defined for each series type.

8.4. The Seller does not warrant that the Products conform to special specifications or technical features or that they are

suitable for particular usages except to the extent such characteristics have been expressly agreed upon in the Contract or in documents referred to for that purpose in the Contract or specifications.

8.5. All customer applications in which the malfunction or failure of a passive electronic component or a Product could

endanger human life or health (e.g. in accident prevention of life-saving systems), it must therefore be ensured by means of suitable design of the customer application or other action taken by the customer (e.g. installation of protective circuity or redundancy) that no injury or damage is sustained by third parties in the event of malfunction or failure of a passive electronic component. Any warnings, cautions and product specific notes must be observed.

8.6. If claim will be accepted by the Seller and such defects have been timely notified in accordance with art. 5.3, Seller’s

liability shall be limited to only replacement or repairing of goods, free of charge, after acknowledgement of received notification by customer. Seller is not responsible for any possible damage to persons or things, of any kind, derived from improper installation, use of application of its products. Seller shall not be liable for any defect due to accident, fair wear and tear, negligent use, tampering, improper handling and shipment, operation and storage or any other default on the parts of any person other than Seller.

8.7. To the maximum extent permitted by above statements, in no event shall Seller or its referred dealers be liable for

any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, special, incidental, consequential, or indirect damages for personal injury, loss of business profits, business interruption or any pecuniary loss) arising out of the use or inability to use Seller’s products. In the case of any product liability claim from third parties against Seller, not falling within Seller liability, Customer or Buyer should hold Seller harmless.

8.8. Even in case of certain and agreed Non Conformity, the Seller is not responsible and cannot be required to pay for

any cost related to lacking or not adeguate traceability system of the Customer.

8.9. Please also refer to what indicated about the matter in the “General Warning” present in Seller official web site at

the link http://www.icel.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Generaltechnicalinformation.pdf

8.10. The Seller will evaluate and decide if repairing or replacing the Products which have shown to be defective. The

Products repaired or replaced under the warranty will be submitted to the same guarantee of the standard products starting from the date of repair or replacement. Before to return shipments the Buyer has to receive the previous consent by the Seller. Seller will replace goods for which the claim will be accepted only.

9. Retention of title

9.1. It is agreed that, the Products delivered remain the Seller's property until complete payment is received by the

Seller. The reservation of title is extended to the Products sold by the Buyer to third parties and to the price of such sales, within the maximum limits set forth by the laws of the country of the Buyer which regulate the present clause.

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10. Force majeure

10.1. Either party shall have the right to suspend performance of his contractual obligations when such performance

becomes impossible or unduly burdensome because of unforeseeable events beyond his control, such as strikes, boycotts, lock-outs, fires, war (either declared or not), civil war, riots, revolutions, requisitions, embargo, energy black-out, events involving suppliers causing delivery stop or impossible raw materials delivery for unpredictable reasons.

10.2. The party wishing to make use of the present clause must promptly communicate in writing to the other party the

occurrence and the end of such force majeure circumstances.

10.3. Should the suspension due to force majeure last more than 8 weeks, either party shall have the right to terminate

the Contract by a 10 days written notice to the counterpart.

11. Jurisdiction – Arbitration

11.1. The competent law courts of the place where the Seller has his registered office shall have exclusive jurisdiction in

any action arising out of or in connection with this contract. However, as an exception to the principle here above, the Seller is in any case entitled to bring his action before the competent court of the place where the Buyer has his registered office. Should the Buyer has his seat out of CEE, all dispute arising out of or in connection with the present General Conditions and Terms of Sale shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration Chamber of Busto Arsizio by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.

Datasheet MARA01 series, MARA06 series, MARA02 series Specification

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual