High Accuracy Trip Voltage: 1% Max Error Using
External 1% Resistors
■
Adjustable Threshold Voltage and Hysteresis
■
Quiescent Current: 2.5µA Typ
■
Output Swings Rail-to-Rail
■
Thresholds Programmable from 2.5V to 3.25V
■
Output State Guaranteed for V
■
Low Profile (1mm) ThinSOT
BATT
TM
Package
≥ 1.5V
LTC1998
2.5µA, 1% Accurate
U
DESCRIPTIO
The LTC®1998 is a micropower comparator and a precision adjustable reference in a 6-pin SOT-23 package that
is optimized for lithium-ion low battery detection circuits.
The LTC1998 features a voltage detection circuit with an
adjustable threshold voltage and hysteresis. The threshold voltage can be programmed from 2.5V to 3.25V with
two external resistors. A 10mV to 750mV hysteresis can
be added with a third external resistor.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
W
BLOCK DIAGRA
BATT
1.1R
V
HYST.A
V
TH.A
THRESHOLD
ADJUST
R
1.2V
A proprietary internal architecture maintains 1% threshold voltage accuracy over temperature with low cost 1%
external resistors.
A separate power supply pin, V
, allows the battery-
LOGIC
low logic output to operate below the battery voltage,
allowing compatibility with low voltage microprocessors
without a pull-up resistor. Power supply glitches are
eliminated by preventing the cross-conducting current
which occurs when the output changes state.
The LTC1998 operates with battery or supply voltages up
to 5.5V and its battery-low output is valid for battery
voltages above 1.5V.
Threshold Voltage Error vs Temperature
1.0
0.9
V
SET BY 1%
V
LOGIC
BATTLO
1998 BD
0.8
0.7
0.6
V
0.5
% ERROR
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–451555
1V
TH.A =
THRESHOLD = 3V
–25–5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TH.A
EXTERNAL R,
THRESHOLD = 3V
V
SHORTED
TH.A
TO GROUND,
THRESHOLD = 2.5V
357595
1998 G05
1998f
1
Page 2
LTC1998
WW
W
ABSOLUTE AXIU RATIGS
U
UUW
PACKAGE/ORDER IFORATIO
(Note 1)
ORDER PART
Total Supply Voltage (BATT or V
to GND) ......... 6V
LOGIC
Voltage
V
, V
TH.A
...........................
H.A
BATTLO ........................ V
BATT + 0.3V to GND – 0.3V
+ 0.3V to GND – 0.3V
LOGIC
Operating Temperature Range (Note 3) ...–40°C to 85°C
Specified Temperature Range (Note 4)
LTC1998C ...........................................–40°C to 85°C
BATT 1
GND 2
V
TH.A
TOP VIEW
3
S6 PACKAGE
6-LEAD PLASTIC SOT-23
T
= 150°C, θJA = 250°C/W
JMAX
6 BATTLO
5 V
LOGIC
4 V
H.A
NUMBER
LTC1998CS6
LTC1998IS6
S6 PART MARKING*
LTTY
LTC1998I.............................................–40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range ................. –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. V
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Power Supply
Supply Voltage Range-BATT●1.55.5V
Supply Voltage Range-V
Supply Current, V
V
= 1.5VLTC1998CS6●4.2µA
TH.A
Supply Current, V
V
= 1.5VLTC1998CS6●5.2µA
TH.A
Monitor
Threshold AccuracyV
Hysteresis AccuracyV
Allowable Hysteresis Range (Note 2)●10750mV
Propagation DelayC
Threshold Adjust Pin Leakage, I
Hysteresis Adjust Pin Leakage, I
Output
BATTLO High VoltageI
BATTLO Low VoltageI
BATTLO Low VoltageI
LOGIC
= 3V,TA = 25°C2.53.5µA
BATT
LTC1998IS6●4.5µA
= 5.5V,TA = 25°C34.3µA
BATT
LTC1998IS6●5.5µA
= 2.5V, Pin 3 Shorted to Ground0.60.85%
BATT.Th
V
= 3V, Pin 3 Driven by PrecisionLTC1998C●0.50.61%
BATT.Th
Voltage Source to 1VLTC1998I
V
= 3V, V
BATT.Th
Programmed with 1% Max External ResistorsLTC1998I●0.91.1%
V
BATT.Th
Voltage Source to 1.5VLTC1998I●0.70.85%
V
BATT.Th
Programmed with1% Max External ResistorsLTC1998I
≤ 250mV●–55mV
HYST
250mV ≤ V
= 100pF, Overdrive = 10mV350µs
OUT
TH.AVTH.A
H.AVH.A
≤ 1.5V●0.011nA
≤ 1.5V●0.011nA
= –1mA●V
OUT
= 1mA, V
OUT
= 0.25mA, V
OUT
TH.A
= 3.25V, Pin 3 Diven by PrecisionLTC1998C●0.60.65%
= 3.25V, V
TH.A
≤ 750mV●±5mV
HYST
Overdrive = 100mV150µs
≥ 2V●0.2V
BATT
BATT
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
= 1V (Note 5)LTC1998C●0.81%
= 1.5V (Note 5)LTC1998C●0.91.1%
= 1V●0.3V
*The temperature grades are indentified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
= 0V, unless otherwise noted.
GND
●1V
●0.81%
●0.60.71%
●11.3%
– 0.3V
LOGIC
BATT
1998f
V
2
Page 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
LTC1998
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life
of a device may be impaired.
Note 2: Maximum allowable hysteresis depends on desired trip voltages.
See application notes for details.
Note 3: LTC1998C and LTC1998I are guaranteed functional over the
operating temperature range of –40°C to 85°C.
Note 4: The LTC1998C is guaranteed to meet specified performance from
0°C to 70°C. The LTC1998C is designed, characterized and expected to
meet specified performance from –40°C to 85°C but is not tested or QA
sampled at these temperatures. The LTC1998I is guaranteed to meet
specified performance from –40°C to 85°C.
BATT (Pin 1): Battery Voltage to be monitored. Supply
current is also drawn from this pin. Board layout should
connect this pin to the battery(+) terminal, through a trace
that does not conduct load current.
GND (Pin 2): Ground should be connected to the battery
(–) terminal through a trace that does not conduct load
return current.
V
(Pin 3): Threshold Adjust Pin. Adjusts the low
TH.A
battery threshold voltage, V
V
can be supplied by a voltage source or a resistor
TH.A
BATT.Th
divider.
= 2.5V + (V
TH.A
/2).
Output Short-Circuit Current vs
Supply Voltage
TA = 85°C
TA = 25°C
TA = –40°C
TA = 85°C
BATT = 3V
BATT = 5V
5
1998 G08
V
(Pin 4): Hysteresis Adjust. Hysteresis threshold
H.A
voltage V
voltage source or resistor divider. V
programmed to a higher potential than V
voltage, V
V
LOGIC
= 2.5V + (V
TH2
= V
HYST
TH2
H.A
– V
/2). V
BATT.Th
can be supplied by a
H.A
must always be
H.A
. Hysteresis
TH.A
.
(Pin 5): Positive Supply Voltage for Output Driver.
This voltage can be driven from an external logic supply or
tied to BATT.
BATTLO (Pin 6): Output of Comparator. Low for BATT <
V
BATT.Th
guaranteed for V
(low battery threshold voltage). Output state
≥ 1.5V.
BATT
QUICK DESIG GUIDE
How to Calculate the External Resistor Values
The LTC1998 is a low battery warning indicator and is
especially designed for monitoring the voltage of singlecell Lithium-Ion batteries. The LTC1998 compares its
supply pin (BATT) to an accurate internal reference; if the
battery voltage falls below the programmed low battery
4
U
threshold voltage of the LTC1998, the battery low pin
(BATTLO) will change state, from high to low, to indicate
a low battery condition. The low battery threshold voltage
is programmed via the voltage threshold adjust pin (V
A hysteresis adjust pin (V
) will add hysteresis to the
H.A
TH.A
).
programmed value of the low battery threshold voltage.
1998f
Page 5
U
QUICK DESIG GUIDE
LTC1998
Typical Application
Table 1: Design Equations for R1, R2, R3, Figure 1
Choose desired values for:
• V
• V
BATT.Th
HYST
: Low Battery Threshold Voltage
: Hysteresis Voltage
• IR: Max Allowable Resistor Current
Solve:
V
42
V
5
+
.
.
.
I
R
1
R
11
RRRR
RR
RR
RRRR
=++ =
TOTAL
=
1
=
2
=
312
123
•–
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
VV
BATT ThHYST
V
5
•––
V
BATT Th
––
Example 1: A system using a 4.2V (fully charged) LithiumIon battery requires a low battery threshold of 2.7V,
100mV hysteresis and can allow up to 4.2µA maximum
resistor current.
R
= 1MΩ, R1 = 786k, R2 = 66k and R3 = 148k
TOTAL
Choose standard 1% values.
R1 = 787k, R2 = 66.5k, R3 = 147k
1.5V TO 4.2V
0.1µF
R1
+
1%
4
V
R2
1%
Li-Ion
R3
1%
Figure 1. Low Battery Threshold Detector with Hysteresis
H.A
3
V
TH.A
1
BATT
V
LTC1998
BATTLO
GND
2
REGULATOR
LOGIC
5
6
V
LOGIC
µP
1998 F01
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
LOW BATTERY THRESHOLD VOLTAGE AND
HYSTERESIS ADJUST
Low Battery Threshold Voltage Adjustment, Pin 3
The low battery threshold voltage is the battery voltage
which will trip the (BATTLO) pin high to low. It should be
adjusted via the threshold adjust pin (V
input impedance pin that senses an externally applied
voltage and programs the low battery threshold voltage
(V
BATT.Th
). The V
pin is designed to accommodate
TH.A
voltages from 0V to 1.5V with respect to ground. This
allows the low battery threshold voltage to be set to any
voltage between 2.5V and 3.25V, that is:
V
()
VV
BATT Th
.
=+25
TH A..
2
). This is a high
TH.A
For instance, if the applied voltage at pin 3, V
, is 1V the
TH.A
LTC1998 will indicate a low battery condition when the
battery voltage pin (BATT) falls below 3V.
The voltage at the threshold adjust pin (V
) can be set
TH.A
with any voltage source. This pin allows a continuous time
adjustment, that is, the low battery threshold voltage may
be changed at any time. The high input impedance of the
V
pin allows the use of a high valued resistive divider
TH.A
(to minimize current drain) from the battery to set the
battery low threshold voltage, Figure 2.
3
BATT
V
TH.A
LTC1998
1
2
1998 F02
+
R1
Li-Ion
R2
Figure 2. Resistor Divider Sets Threshold
1998f
5
Page 6
LTC1998
1998 F03
LTC1998
R1
R2
R3
V
H.A
V
TH.A
BATT
+
Li-Ion
1
4
3
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
The simple calculations of resistor values R1 and R2 are
illustrated below. Set a value for R1 + R2. This value will
affect the max amount of current drawn from the battery
when fully charged. For instance if R1 + R2 = 1M the
resistive divider will draw 4.1µA when the battery voltage
is 4.1V. Set the desired value of V
BATT.Th
(this value should
be between 2.5V and 3.25V) that is the value of the battery
voltage that will trip the internal circuitry of the LTC1998
and change the state of the battery low pin (BATTLO).
Solve for RRR
112
()–
V
BATT Th
V
5
1=+
.
Example: A Lithium-Ion battery is monitored and a battery
low signal should be issued when it discharges to 2.85V,
that is, V
BATT.Th
= 2.85V; if (R1 + R2) = 1M, then
R1 = 754.38k and R2 = 245.62k. Choose the closest 1%
value of R1 = 750k and R2 = 243k. Calculate the practical
value for V
BATT.Th
as it will be slightly different from 2.85V,
due to the use of standard 1% resistor values.
+
12
VV
BATT Th.
RR
()
++
112
RRR
=5
.=
2 849
V
The above low battery threshold of 2.849V is guaranteed
to within 1% even though 1% resistors are used to
program the V
For sake of completeness, the voltage at Pin 3 (V
be easily calculated by V
0.6972V (when V
voltage applied to Pin 3.
TH.A
= V
BATTERY
TH.A
= V
BATT.Th
BATT.Th
TH.A
(R2/(R1 + R2) =
).
) can
The programming of the hysteresis threshold adjust pin
(V
) is similar to the programming of the voltage thresh-
H.A
old adjust pin (V
) already described in the previous
TH.A
paragraph. Pin 4 effectively adjusts the threshold voltage
at which the low battery pin (BATTLO) changes state from
low to high. This threshold (V
V
()
VV
THHA2
25
=+.
.
2
) is defined as:
TH2
The actual hysteresis voltage is:
V
HYST
= V
TH2
– V
BATT.Th
It is imperative that the hysteresis threshold adjust voltage
at Pin 4 be set to a higher voltage than the low battery
threshold adjust voltage at Pin 3, at all times, to avoid
oscillation at the BATTLO output pin. The hysteresis
threshold adjust pin may be set with a voltage source or
with a resistor divider, just as with the low battery threshold adjust pin.
Combined Control of Threshold and Hysteresis
If a resistor divider is desired, then both threshold adjust
dividers can be combined in order to save current. This
simple technique also guarantees that the hysteresis threshold adjust voltage at Pin 4 is higher than the voltage at the
V
pin, Figure 3.
TH.A
Hysteresis Adjustment, Pin 4.
The LTC1998 has an adjustable hysteresis ranging from
10mV to 0.75V. A large hysteresis is useful in the event
that a low battery signal at the LTC1998’s BATTLO pin
causes the system to shed some battery load, thus inducing system confusion as the partially loaded battery recovers and changes the status of Pin 6 (BATTLO). The 2.5V to
3.25V programming window of low battery threshold
voltage includes the hysteresis. If, for instance, the low
battery threshold voltage is set to 2.5V, 750mV hysteresis
can be added on top of the 2.5V. If the low battery
threshold voltage is set to 3.15V, only 100mV hysteresis
can be applied.
6
Figure 3. Combined Resistor Divider
The calculation of the resistor values R1, R2 and R3 is
quite straightforward and similar to the procedure outlined in the previous paragraph.
Choose a value for the sum of R1 + R2 + R3 as well as the
values for low battery threshold and hysteresis.
Solve for resistor R1:
1998f
Page 7
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
LTC1998
RRRR
1123
=++
()–
5
V
TH
V
1
2
Solve for the sum of
V
()()–
RR RR R
12 123
V
BATT Th
5
1+=++
.
then solve for R2 and R3.
Example: A system needs to detect a low battery voltage of
3V (V
BATT.Th
= 3V) with 250mV hysteresis (V
= 3.25V).
TH2
Set the value of the resistor divider (R1 + R2 + R3) = 1M.
R1 = 539k, R1 + R2 = 667k, R2 = 128k, R3 = 333k. Choose
the closest 1% values, that is 536k, 332k, 127k. Figure 4
graphically shows the function of the LTC1998 as
described above.
VERSATILE OUTPUT DRIVER
V
, BATTLO (Pins 5,6)
LOGIC
The LTC1998 uses a CMOS push-pull output stage to drive
the low battery output signal. This output pin (BATTLO)
has a separate supply pin, (V
) that can be used to
LOGIC
provide an output voltage rail matching the VDD logic of
microprocessors. The V
lower than the voltage at the BATT pin. The V
also be tied to a voltage higher than V
pin may be tied to a voltage
LOGIC
LOGIC
via a series
BATT
pin may
resistor greater than 10kΩ. The output will then act as an
open-drain device.
In a given application, if it is possible for BATTLO to be
shorted to GND or a supply, a series resistor should be
added to limit the short-circuit current to 5mA.
3.25V
PROGRAMMED
HYSTERESIS
THRESHOLD
PROGRAMMED
LOW BATT
THRESHOLD
2.50V
V
LOGIC
BATTLO
PROGRAMMABLE
THRESHOLD RANGE
BATTERY
VOLTAGE
Figure 4. LTC1998 Function Plot
HYSTERESIS
BATTERY VOLTAGE
RECOVERS UNDER
REDUCED LOAD
1998 F04
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
3.85 MAX
2.62 REF
NOTE:
1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. DIMENSIONS ARE INCLUSIVE OF PLATING
4. DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF MOLD
FLASH AND METAL BURR
5. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm
6. JEDEC PACKAGE REFERENCE IS MO-193
0.20 BSC
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.