–7V to 12V Bus Common-Mode Range Permits ±7V
Ground Difference Between Devices on the Bus
■
Thermal Shutdown Protection
■
Power-Up/Down Glitch-Free Driver Outputs
■
Driver Maintains High Impedance in Three-State or
with the Power Off
■
Combined Impedance of a Driver Output and
Receiver Allows up to 32 Transceivers on the Bus
■
60mV Typical Input Hysteresis
■
Pin Compatible with the SN75176A, DS75176A, and
SN75LBC176
U
O
PPLICATI
A
■
Low Power RS485/RS422 Transceiver
■
Level Translator
S
DUESCRIPTIO
The LTC®1485 is a low power differential bus/line transceiver designed for multipoint data transmission standard
RS485 applications with extended common-mode range
(12V to –7V). It also meets the requirements of RS422.
The CMOS with Schottky design offers significant power
savings over its bipolar counterpart without sacrificing
ruggedness against overload or ESD damage.
The driver and receiver feature three-state outputs, with
the driver outputs maintaining high impedance over the
entire common-mode range. Excessive power dissipation
caused by bus contention or faults is prevented by a
thermal shutdown circuit which forces the driver outputs
into a high impedance state. I/O pins are protected against
multiple ESD strikes of over ±10kV.
The receiver has a fail-safe feature which guarantees a
high output state when the inputs are left open.
Both AC and DC specifications are guaranteed from – 40°C
to 85°C and 4.75V to 5.25V supply voltage range.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
A
U
O
PPLICATITYPICAL
5V
8
6
7
5
DRIVER
RECEIVER
RE
DE
3
4
DI
1
RO
2
1485 TA01
RO
DE
3
4
DI
DRIVER
1
RECEIVER
RE
5V
8
LTC1485LTC1485
2
6
120Ω
7
4000 FT 24 GAUGE TWISTED PAIR
5
120Ω
1
Page 2
LTC1485
WU
U
PACKAGE
/
O
RDER IFORATIO
W
O
A
(Note 1)
LUTEXI T
S
Supply Voltage (VCC) .............................................. 12V
Control Input Voltages ................... – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
Control Input Currents ........................ – 50mA to 50mA
Driver Input Voltages ..................... – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
Driver Input Currents .......................... –25mA to 25mA
Receiver Output Voltages .............. – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
Operating Temperature Range
LTC1485C............................................... 0°C to 70°C
A
WUW
ARB
U
G
I
S
TOP VIEW
1
RO
2
RE
3
DE
45
DI
N8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC DIP
T
= 125°C, θJA = 100°C/ W (N)
JMAX
= 150°C, θJA = 150°C/ W (S)
T
JMAX
8
R
7
D
6
S8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC SOIC
V
CC
B
A
GND
ORDER PART
NUMBER
LTC1485CN8
LTC1485IN8
LTC1485CS8
LTC1485IS8
S8 PART MARKING
1485
1485I
LTC1485I .......................................... – 40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range ................ –65°C to 150°C
Consult factory for Military grade parts.
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)................ 300°C
LECTRICAL CCHARA TERIST
E
V
= 5V (Notes 2, 3), unless otherwise noted.
CC
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
V
OD1
V
OD2
∆V
OD
V
OC
∆|VOC|Change in Magnitude of Driver Common-ModeR = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1)●0.2V
V
INH
V
INL
I
IN1
I
IN2
V
TH
∆V
TH
V
OH
V
OL
I
OZR
I
CC
R
IN
I
OSD1
I
OSD2
I
OSR
Differential Driver Output Voltage (Unloaded)IO = 0●5V
Differential Driver Output Voltage (With Load)R = 50Ω, (RS422)●2V
Change in Magnitude of Driver DifferentialR = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1)●0.2V
Output Voltage for Complementary Output States
Driver Common-Mode Output VoltageR = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1)●3V
Output Voltage for Complementary Output States
Input High VoltageDI, DE, RE●2.0V
Input Low VoltageDI, DE, RE●0.8V
Input CurrentDI, DE, RE●±2µA
Input Current (A, B)VCC = 0V or 5.25V, VIN = 12V● 1.0mA
Differential Input Threshold Voltage for Receiver– 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V●– 0.20.2V
Receiver Input HysteresisVCM = 0V●60mV
Receiver Output High VoltageIO = – 4mA, VID = 0.2V●3.5V
Receiver Output Low VoltageIO = 4mA, VID = – 0.2V●0.4V
Three-State Output Current at ReceiverVCC = Max 0.4V ≤ VO ≤ 2.4V●±1µA
Supply CurrentNo Load; DI = GND or V
Receiver Input Resistance– 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V●12kΩ
Driver Short-Circuit Current, V
Driver Short-Circuit Current, V
Receiver Short-Circuit Current0V ≤ VO ≤ V
Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive. All currents out of device
pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless
otherwise specified.
Note 3: All typicals are given for V
= 5V and TA = 25°C.
CC
LPER
F
O
Receiver Output Low Voltage vs
Output Current
36
TA = 25°C
32
28
24
20
16
12
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
8
4
0
0.51.5
0
1.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
R
ATYPICA
2.0
1485 G01
UW
CCHARA TERIST
E
C
Receiver Output High Voltage vs
Output Current
–18
TA = 25°C
–16
–14
–12
–10
–8
–6
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
–4
–2
0
5
ICS
43
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1485 G02
2
Receiver Output High Voltage vs
Temperature
4.8
I = 8mA
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.4
3.2
3.0
–25125
–50
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
25
75 100
1485 G03
3
Page 4
LTC1485
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–50
1.55
INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)
1.59
50
1485 G09
1.57
–25125
1.61
1.63
0
25
75 100
LPER
F
O
R
ATYPICA
UW
CCHARA TERIST
E
C
ICS
Receiver Output Low Voltage
vs Temperature
0.9
I = 8mA
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.2
0.1
0
–25125
–50
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
25
Driver Output Low Voltage vs
Output Current
TA = 25°C
80
60
75 100
1485 G04
Driver Differential Output Voltage
vs Output Current
64
48
32
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
16
0
13
0
2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Driver Output High Voltage vs
Output Current
–96
–72
TA = 25°C
TA = 25°C
4
1485 G05
Driver Differential Output Voltage
vs Temperature
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V)
1.6
–50
0
–25125
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
TTL Input Threshold vs
Temperature
RL =54Ω
75 100
1485 G06
40
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
20
0
0
Receiver | t
Temperature
5
4
3
TIME (ns)
2
1
–50
–25125
13
2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
– t
PLH
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
| vs
PHL
25
50
4
1485 G07
75 100
1485 G10
–48
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
–24
0
5
4
3
TIME (ns)
2
1
–50
13
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0
–25125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
2
4
1485 G08
Supply Current vs TemperatureDriver Skew vs Temperature
1.8
DRIVER ENABLED
1.7
1.6
DRIVER DISABLED
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1.5
50
75 100
1485 G11
25
1.4
–50
0
–25125
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
75 100
1485 G12
4
Page 5
LTC1485
1485 F04
C
L
S1
S2
500Ω
V
CC
OUTPUT
UNDER TEST
DIR
DIFF
1485 F02
DRIVERRECEIVER
C
L1
C
L2
RO
15pF
A
B
A
B
U
UU
PI FU CTIO S
RO (Pin 1): Receiver Output. If the receiver output is
enabled (RE low), then if A > B by 200mV, RO will be high.
If A < B by 200mV, then RO will be low.
RE (Pin 2): Receiver Output Enable. A low enables the
receiver output, RO. A high input forces the receiver
output into a high impedance state.
DE (Pin 3): Driver Output Enable. A high on DE enables the
driver outputs, A and B. A low input will force the driver
outputs into a high impedance state.
TEST CIRCUITS
A
R
V
OD2
R
V
B
OC
DI (Pin 4): Driver Input. If the driver outputs are enabled
(DE high), then a low on DI forces the driver outputs A low
and B high. A high on DI will force A high and B low.
GND (Pin 5): Ground Connection.
A (Pin 6): Driver Output/Receiver Input.
B (Pin 7): Driver Output/Receiver Input.
V
(Pin 8): Positive Supply. 4.75V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.25V.
CC
1485 F01
Figure 1. Driver DC Test LoadFigure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit
S1
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
C
1k
L
Figure 3. Receiver Timing Test Load
1k
V
CC
S2
1485 F03
Figure 4. Driver Timing Test Load
5
Page 6
LTC1485
WITCHI
U
G
TI
V
A – VB
W
E
DI
–V
V
O
DE
A,B
W
WAVEFORS
3V
1.5V
0V
V
O
O
B
A
3V
0V
5V
V
OL
10%
t
50%
1/2 V
PLH
1.5V
t
ZL
t
r
O
2.3V
S
f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; tf ≤ 10ns
90%
1/2 V
O
t
SKEW
Figure 5. Driver Propagation Delays
f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; tf ≤ 10ns
t
OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
1.5V
LZ
90%
1.5V
t
0.5V
PHL
t
f
t
SKEW
50%
10%
1485 F05
V
A,B
OH
0V
t
ZH
OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
2.3V
0.5V
t
HZ
1485 F06
Figure 6. Driver Enable and Disable Times
V
OD2
t
0V
PLH
– V
V
A
B
–V
OD2
V
OH
RO
V
OL
f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; tf ≤ 10ns
1.5V
INPUT
OUTPUT
0V
t
PHL
1.5V
1485 F07
Figure 7. Receiver Propagation Delays
6
Page 7
LTC1485
WITCHI
U
G
TI
W
E
RO
RO
WAVEFORS
3V
RE
0V
5V
V
OL
V
OH
0V
1.5V
t
t
ZH
ZL
W
S
f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; tf ≤ 10ns
1.5V
OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
1.5V
OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
Figure 8. Receiver Enable and Disable Times
PPLICATI
A
U
O
S
IFORATIO
WU
U
Typical Application
A typical connection of the LTC1485 is shown in Figure 9.
Two twisted pair wires connect up to 32 driver/receiver
pairs for half duplex data transmission. There are no
restrictions on where the chips are connected to the wires
and it isn’t necessary to have the chips connected at the
ends. However, the wires must be terminated only at the
1.5V
t
LZ
0.5V
0.5V
t
HZ
1485 F08
ends with a resistor equal to their characteristic impedance, typically 120Ω. The input impedance of a receiver is
typically 20k to GND, or 0.6 unit RS485 load, so in practice
50 to 60 transceivers can be connected to the same wires.
The optional shields around the twisted pair help reduce
unwanted noise, and are connected to GND at one end.
RX
DX
1
2
3
4
LTC1485
RECEIVER
DRIVER
7
120Ω
8
RECEIVER
7
DRIVER
8
Figure 9. Typical Connection
120Ω
LTC1485
LTC1485
1
RECEIVER
DRIVER
1
RX
2
3
4
DX
2
3
4
1485 F09
RX
DX
7
Page 8
LTC1485
FREQUENCY (MHz)
0.1
0.1
LOSS PER 100 FT (dB)
1
10
110100
1485 F10
DATA RATE (bps)
10k
10
CABLE LENGTH (FT)
100
1k
10k
100k1M10M
1485 F11
2.5M
PPLICATI
A
U
O
S
IFORATIO
WU
U
Thermal Shutdown
The LTC1485 has a thermal shutdown feature which
protects the part from excessive power dissipation. If the
outputs of the driver are accidentally shorted to a power
supply or low impedance source, up to 250mA can flow
through the part. The thermal shutdown circuit disables
the driver outputs when the internal temperature reaches
150°C and turns them back on when the temperature
cools to 130°C. If the outputs of two or more LTC1485
drivers are shorted directly, the driver outputs can not
supply enough current to activate the thermal shutdown.
Thus, the thermal shutdown circuit will not prevent contention faults when two drivers are active on the bus at the
same time.
Cables and Data Rate
The transmission line of choice for RS485 applications is
a twisted pair. There are coaxial cables (twinaxial) made
for this purpose that contain straight pairs, but these are
less flexible, more bulky, and more costly than twisted
pairs. Many cable manufacturers offer a broad range of
120Ω cables designed for RS485 applications.
Figure 10. Attenuation vs Frequency for Belden 9481
Losses in a transmission line are a complex combination
of DC conductor loss, AC losses (skin effect), leakage, and
AC losses in the dielectric. In good polyethylene cables
such as the Belden 9841, the conductor losses and dielectric losses are of the same order of magnitude, leading to
relatively low overall loss (Figure 10).
When using low loss cables, Figure 11 can be used as a
guideline for choosing the maximum line length for a given
data rate. With lower quality PVC cables the dielectric loss
factor can be 1000 times worse. PVC twisted pairs have
terrible losses at high data rates (>100kbs), and greatly
reduce the maximum cable length. At low data rates
however, they are acceptable and much more economical.
Cable Termination
The proper termination of the cable is very important. If
the cable is not terminated with its characteristic impedance, distorted waveforms will result. In severe cases,
distorted (false) data and nulls will occur. A quick look at
the output of the driver will tell how well the cable is
terminated. It is best to look at a driver connected to the
Figure 11. Cable Length vs Data Rate
end of the cable, since this eliminates the possibility of
getting reflections from two directions. Simply look at the
driver output while transmitting square wave data. If the
cable is terminated properly, the waveform will look like
a square wave (Figure 12).
If the cable is loaded excessively (47Ω) the signal initially
sees the surge impedance of the cable and jumps to an
initial amplitude. The signal travels down the cable and is
reflected back out of phase because of the mistermination.
When the reflected signal returns to the driver, the amplitude will be lowered. The width of the pedestal is equal to
twice the electrical length of the cable (about 1.5ns/foot).
If the cable is lightly loaded (470Ω) the signal reflects in
phase and increases the amplitude at the driver output. An
input frequency of 30kHz is adequate for tests out to 4000
feet of cable.
8
Page 9
LTC1485
O
PPLICATI
A
DX
Rt = 120Ω
Rt = 47Ω
Rt = 470Ω
AC Cable Termination
S
PROBE HERE
DRIVERRECEIVER
Figure 12. Termination Effects
U
IFORATIO
R
t
WU
U
RX
1485 F12
of the coupling capacitor should therefore be set at 16.3pF
per foot of cable length for 120Ω cables. With the coupling
capacitors in place, power is consumed only on the signal
edges and not when the driver output is idling at a 1 or 0
state. A 100nF capacitor is adequate for lines up to 400 feet
in length. Be aware that the power savings start to decrease once the data rate surpasses 1/(120Ω • C).
Receiver Open-Circuit Fail-Safe
Some data encoding schemes require that the output of
the receiver maintains a known state (usually a logic 1)
when the data is finished transmitting and all drivers on the
line are forced into three-state. The receiver of the LTC1485
has a fail-safe feature which guarantees the output to be in
a logic 1 state when the receiver inputs are left floating
(open-circuit).
If the receiver output must be forced to a known state, the
circuits of Figure 14 can be used.
Cable termination resistors are necessary to prevent unwanted reflections, but they consume power. The typical
differential output voltage of the driver is 2V when the
cable is terminated with two 120Ω resistors, causing
33mA of DC current to flow in the cable when no data is
being sent. This DC current is about 10 times greater than
the supply current of the LTC1485. One way to eliminate
the unwanted current is by AC-coupling the termination
resistors as shown in Figure 13.
120Ω
C
C = LINE LENGTH (FT) • 16.3pF
Figure 13. AC-Coupled Termination
RECEIVER
RX
1485 F13
The coupling capacitor must allow high frequency energy
to flow to the termination, but block DC and low frequencies. The dividing line between high and low frequency
depends on the length of the cable. The coupling capacitor
must pass frequencies above the point where the line
represents an electrical one-tenth wavelength. The value
5V
110Ω
130Ω
RECEIVER
110Ω
130Ω
5V
1.5k
120Ω
1.5k
5V
100k
C
120Ω
Figure 14. Forcing “0” When All Drivers Are Off
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
1485 F14
RX
RX
RX
9
Page 10
LTC1485
PPLICATI
A
U
O
S
IFORATIO
WU
U
The termination resistors are used to generate a DC bias
which forces the receiver output to a known state, in this
case a logic 0. The first method consumes about 208mW
and the second about 8mW. The lowest power solution is
to use an AC termination with a pull-up resistor. Simply
swap the receiver inputs for data protocols ending in
logic 1.
Fault Protection
All of LTC’s RS485 products are protected against ESD
transients up to 2kV using the human body model
(100pF, 1.5kΩ). However, some applications need more
protection. The best protection method is to connect a
bidirectional TransZorb® from each line side pin to ground
(Figure 15).
A TransZorb is a silicon transient voltage suppressor that
has exceptional surge handling capabilities: fast response
A
DRIVER
Figure 15. ESD Protection with TransZorbs
120Ω
B
1485 F15
time and low series resistance. They are available from
General Semiconductor Industries and come in a variety
of breakdown voltages and prices. Be sure to pick a
breakdown voltage higher than the common-mode voltage required for your application (typically 12V). Also,
don’t forget to check how much the added parasitic
capacitance will load down the bus.
TransZorb is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI
U
O
PPLICATITYPICAL
SA
RS232 Receiver
RS232
IN
5.6k
RS232 to RS485 Level Translator with Hysteresis
220k
RS232
IN
10k
DRIVER
5.6k
HYSTERESIS = 10k • V
RECEIVER
1485 TA02
A
B
– VB /R ≈ 19 (kΩ • VOLT)/R
A
RX
120Ω
1485 TA03
10
Page 11
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
U
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
N8 Package
8-Lead Plastic DIP
0.400*
(10.160)
MAX
876
LTC1485
5
0.255 ± 0.015*
(6.477 ± 0.381)
0.300 – 0.325
(7.620 – 8.255)
0.065
(1.651)
0.009 – 0.015
(0.229 – 0.381)
+0.025
0.325
–0.015
+0.635
8.255
()
–0.381
*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm).
TYP
0.045 ± 0.015
(1.143 ± 0.381)
(2.540 ± 0.254)
12
0.045 – 0.065
(1.143 – 1.651)
0.100 ± 0.010
3
4
0.130 ± 0.005
(3.302 ± 0.127)
0.125
(3.175)
MIN
0.018 ± 0.003
(0.457 ± 0.076)
0.015
(0.380)
MIN
N8 0694
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
11
Page 12
LTC1485
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
U
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
S8 Package
8-Lead Plastic SOIC
0.189 – 0.197*
(4.801 – 5.004)
7
8
6
5
0.150 – 0.157*
(3.810 – 3.988)
4
0.004 – 0.010
(0.101 – 0.254)
0.050
(1.270)
BSC
(0.254 – 0.508)
0.008 – 0.010
(0.203 – 0.254)
*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006 INCH (0.15mm).
0.010 – 0.020
0.016 – 0.050
0.406 – 1.270
× 45°
0°– 8° TYP
0.228 – 0.244
(5.791 – 6.197)
0.053 – 0.069
(1.346 – 1.752)
0.014 – 0.019
(0.355 – 0.483)
1
3
2
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONCOMMENTS
LTC486Quad RS485 DriverFits 75172 Pinout, Only 110µA I
LTC488Quad RS485 ReceiverFits 75173 Pinout, Only 7mA I
LTC490Full Duplex RS485 TransceiverFits 75179 Pinout, Only 300µA I
LTC1481Ultra-Low Power Half Duplex RS485 TransceiverFits 75176 Pinout, 80µA I
Q
SO8 0294
Q
Q
Q
12
Linear Technology Corporation
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7487
(408) 432-1900
●
FAX
: (408) 434-0507
●
TELEX
: 499-3977
LT/GP 0795 2K REV A • PRINTED IN THE USA
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1995
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