The LT®3012 is a high voltage, micropower low dropout
linear regulator. The device is capable of supplying 250mA of
output current with a dropout voltage of 400mV. Designed
for use in battery-powered or high voltage systems, the low
quiescent current (40μA operating and 1μA in shutdown)
makes the LT3012 an ideal choice. Quiescent current is
also well controlled in dropout.
Other features of the LT3012 include the ability to operate
with very small output capacitors. The regulator is stable
with only 3.3μF on the output while most older devices
require between 10μF and 100μF for stability. Small ceramic capacitors can be used without any need for series
resistance (ESR) as is common with other regulators.
Internal protection circuitry includes reverse-battery
protection, current limiting, thermal limiting and reverse
current protection.
The device is available with an adjustable output with a
1.24V reference voltage. The LT3012 regulator is available
in the 16-lead TSSOP and 12 pin low profi le (0.75mm)
(4mm × 3mm) DFN packages with an exposed pad for
enhanced thermal handling capability.
L, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
5V Supply with Shutdown
IN
SHDN
OUT
LT3012
ADJ
GND
V
IN
5.4V TO
80V
V
SHDN
<0.3V
>2.0V
1μF
OUTPUT
OFF
ON
750k
249k
3012 TA01
V
5V
250mA
3.3μF
OUT
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
50
0
0
Dropout Voltage
50100150250
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
200
3012 TA02
3012fd
1
Page 2
LT3012
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
IN Pin Voltage .........................................................±80V
OUT Pin Voltage ......................................................±60V
IN to OUT Differential Voltage .................................±80V
ADJ Pin Voltage ........................................................±7V
SHDN Pin Input Voltage ..........................................±80V
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 13) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
DE PACKAGE
= 125°C, θJA = 40°C/W, θJC = 16°C/W
12
NC
11
IN
10
13
IN
9
NC
8
SHDN
7
NC
(Note 1)
Storage Temperature Range
TSSOP Package ................................. –65°C to 150°C
DFN Package ......................................–65°C to 125°C
Operating Junction Temperature Range
(Notes 3, 10, 11)
LT3012E ............................................. –40°C to 125°C
LT3012HFE ......................................... –40°C to 140°C
Lead Temperature (FE16 Soldering, 10 sec) ......... 300°C
TOP VIEW
1
GND
2
NC
3
OUT
4
OUT
ADJ
GND
NC
GND
16-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP
T
= 140°C, θJA = 40°C/W, θJC = 16°C/W
JMAX
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
5
6
7
8
FE PACKAGE
17
GND
16
NC
15
IN
14
IN
13
NC
12
SHDN
11
NC
10
GND
9
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISHTAPE AND REELPART MARKINGPACKAGE DESCRIPTIONTEMPERATURE RANGE
LT3012EDE#PBFLT3012EDE#TRPBF301212-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN–40°C to 125°C
LT3012EFE#PBFLT3012EFE#TRPBF3012EFE16-Lead Plastic TSSOP–40°C to 125°C
LT3012HFE#PBFLT3012HFE#TRPBF3012HFE16-Lead Plastic TSSOP–40°C to 140°C
LEAD BASED FINISHTAPE AND REELPART MARKINGPACKAGE DESCRIPTIONTEMPERATURE RANGE
LT3012EDELT3012EDE#TR301212-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN–40°C to 125°C
LT3012EFELT3012EFE#TR3012EFE16-Lead Plastic TSSOP–40°C to 125°C
LT3012HFELT3012HFE#TR3012HFE16-Lead Plastic TSSOP–40°C to 140°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specifi ed with wider operating temperature ranges.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to:
For more information on tape and reel specifi cations, go to:
http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
3012fd
2
Page 3
LT3012
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The l
denotes the specifi cations which apply over the –40°C to 125°C operating temperature range, otherwise specifi cations are at TJ = 25°C.
(LT3012E)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Minimum Input VoltageI
ADJ Pin Voltage (Notes 2, 3)V
= 250mA
LOAD
= 4V, I
IN
4.75V < V
= 1mA
LOAD
< 80V, 1mA < I
IN
Line RegulationΔVIN = 4V to 80V, I
Load Regulation (Note 2)V
Quiescent Current in ShutdownV
Ripple RejectionV
Current LimitV
Reverse Output Current (Note 9)V
= Off to On
OUT
V
= On to Off
OUT
= 0V
SHDN
V
= 6V
SHDN
= 6V, V
IN
= 7V(Avg), V
IN
= 7V, V
IN
V
= 4.75V, ΔV
IN
= 1.24V, VIN < 1.24V (Note 2)1225μA
OUT
= 0V15μA
SHDN
OUT
RIPPLE
= 0V
OUT
= 0.5V
= –0.1V (Note 2)
P-P
, f
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: The LT3012 is tested and specifi ed for these conditions with the
ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin.
Note 3: Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction
temperature. The regulated output voltage specifi cation will not apply
for all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When
operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be
limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage
range must be limited.
Note 4: To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the LT3012
is tested and specifi ed for these conditions with an external resistor
divider (249k bottom, 649k top) for an output voltage of 4.5V. The external
resistor divider will add a 5μA DC load on the output.
Note 5: Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential
needed to maintain regulation at a specifi ed output current. In dropout, the
output voltage will be equal to (V
IN
– V
DROPOUT
).
RIPPLE
= 120Hz, I
= 200mA6575dB
LOAD
Note 6: GND pin current is tested with V
load. This means the device is tested while operating close to its dropout
region. This is the worst-case GND pin current. The GND pin current will
decrease slightly at higher input voltages.
Note 7: ADJ pin bias current fl ows into the ADJ pin.
Note 8: SHDN pin current fl ows out of the SHDN pin.
Note 9: Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the
OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current fl ows into the OUT
pin and out the GND pin.
Note 10: The LT3012E is guaranteed to meet performance specifi cations
from 0°C to 125°C operating junction temperature. Specifi cations over
the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by
design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls.
The LT3012H is tested to the LT3012H Electrical Characteristics table at
140°C operating junction temperature. High junction temperatures degrade
operating lifetimes. Operating lifetime is derated at junction temperatures
greater than 125°C.
Note 11: This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended
to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction
l
l
0.3
1.3
0.8
0.3
0.1
400mA
l
200
= 4.75V and a current source
IN
2V
2
1
μA
μA
mA
temperature will exceed 125°C (LT3012E) or 140°C (LT3012H) when
overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the
specifi ed maximum operating junction temperature may impair device
reliability.
V
4
3012fd
Page 5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Typical Dropout VoltageGuaranteed Dropout VoltageDropout Voltage
600
500
400
300
200
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100
0
0
TJ = 125°C
TJ = 25°C
10050
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
250
200150
3012 G01
600
500
400
300
200
100
GUARANTEED DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
0
= TEST POINTS
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
TJ ≤ 125°C
TJ ≤ 25°C
100200
250500150
3012 G02
Quiescent CurrentADJ Pin VoltageQuiescent Current
100
VIN = 6V
90
= ∞
R
L
= 0
I
L
80
70
60
50
40
30
QUIESCENT CURRENT (μA)
20
10
0
–500
–25
V
SHDN
V
SHDN
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
= V
= GND
50
IN
75
100
150125
3012 G04
1.260
IL = 1mA
1.255
1.250
1.245
1.240
1.235
ADJ PIN VOLTAGE (V)
1.230
1.225
1.220
–500
–25
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3012 G05
600
500
400
300
200
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100
0
–50
80
TJ = 25°C
R
70
V
60
50
40
30
20
QUIESCENT CURRENT (μA)
10
0
0
L
OUT
= ∞
–25
= 1.24V
0
21
LT3012
IL = 250mA
IL = 100mA
IL = 10mA
IL = 1mA
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
V
43
SHDN
5
75
V
SHDN
= GND
679
IL = 50mA
100
= V
8
150125
3012 G03
IN
10
3012 G06
Quiescent CurrentGND Pin CurrentGND Pin Current
250
TJ = 25°C
=
R
225
200
175
150
125
100
QUIESCENT CURRENT(μA)
∞
L
V
= 1.24V
OUT
V
75
50
25
0
0
2010
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SHDN
= V
4030
IN
V
= GND
SHDN
60 70
50
80
3012 G07
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
0.2
0
0
RL = 49.6Ω
I
21
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
= 25mA*
L
RL = 1.24k
I
43
TJ = 25°C
*FOR V
= 1mA*
L
679
5
= 1.24V
OUT
RL = 124Ω
= 10mA*
I
L
8
3012 G08
10
TJ = 25°C, *FOR V
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
2
1
0
10
0
OUT
RL = 24.8Ω, IL = 50mA*
21
43
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
= 1.24V
RL = 4.96Ω
= 250mA*
I
L
RL = 12.4Ω
= 100mA*
I
L
679
5
8
10
3012 G09
3012fd
5
Page 6
LT3012
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
GND Pin Current vs I
10
VIN = 4.75V
9
= 25°C
T
J
= 1.24V
V
OUT
8
7
6
5
4
3
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
2
1
0
0
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
LOAD
10050
250
200150
3012 G10
SHDN Pin ThresholdSHDN Pin Current
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
SHDN PIN THRESHOLD (V)
0.4
0.2
0
–500
–25
OFF-TO-ON
ON-TO-OFF
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3012 G11
0.6
TJ = 25°C
CURRENT FLOWS
OUT OF SHDN PIN
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
SHDN PIN CURRENT (μA)
0.1
0
SHDN Pin CurrentADJ Pin Bias CurrentCurrent Limit
0.6
VIN = 6V
V
CURRENT FLOWS
0.5
OUT OF SHDN PIN
0.4
0.3
0.2
SHDN PIN CURRENT (μA)
0.1
0
–500
SHDN
–25
= 0V
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
75
100
150125
3012 G13
120
100
80
60
40
ADJ PIN BIAS CURRENT (nA)
20
0
–500
–25
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1000
V
OUT
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
CURRENT LIMIT (mA)
200
100
50
75
100
150125
3012 G14
0
0
1.02.0
SHDN PIN VOLTAGE (V)
= 0V
TJ = 125°C
2010
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
4030
3.00.501.52.5
3012 G12
60 70
50
80
3012 G15
Current LimitReverse Output CurrentReverse Output Current
700
600
500
400
300
200
CURRENT LIMIT (mA)
100
VIN = 7V
= 0V
V
OUT
0
–500
–25
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
3012 G16
200
TJ = 25°C
= 0V
V
180
IN
= V
V
OUT
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (μA)
20
150125
0
ADJ
CURRENT FLOWS
INTO OUTPUT PIN
21
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
(SEE APPLICATIONS
INFORMATION)
679
43
5
ADJ
PIN CLAMP
8
10
3012 G17
120
VIN = 0V
= V
V
OUT
100
80
60
40
20
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (μA)
0
–500
ADJ
–25
6
= 1.24V
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3012 G18
3012fd
Page 7
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Input Ripple RejectionInput Ripple RejectionMinimum Input Voltage
92
88
84
80
76
72
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
68
VIN = 4.75V + 0.5V
64
= 250mA
I
L
= 1.24V
V
OUT
60
–500
–25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
RIPPLE AT f = 120Hz
P-P
50
25
75
100
150125
3012 G19
100
VIN = 4.75V + 50mV
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
20
10
= 250mA
I
LOAD
0
10
1001k10k100k1M
RIPPLE
RMS
C
FREQUENCY (Hz)
C
OUT
= 10μF
OUT
= 3.3μF
3012 G20
5.0
I
= 250mA
LOAD
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
MINIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.5
0
–500
–25
LT3012
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3012 G21
Load Regulation
0
ΔIL = 1mA TO 250mA
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
–14
LOAD REGULATION (mV)
–16
–18
–20
–500
–25
10Hz to 100kHz Output NoiseTransient Response
V
OUT
100μV/DIV
= 10μF
C
OUT
= 250mA
I
L
= 1.24V
V
OUT
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
1ms/DIV
100
3012 G22
3012 G24
Output Noise Spectral Density
10
C
= 3.3μF
OUT
= 250mA
I
LOAD
1
0.1
OUTPUT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (μV/√Hz)
150125
0.01
101k10k100k
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
–0.05
DEVIATION (V)LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–0.10
–0.15
300
200
100
0
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
VIN = 6V
= 5V
V
OUT
= 3.3μF CERAMIC
C
IN
= 3.3μF CERAMIC
C
OUT
= 100mA TO 200mA
ΔI
LOAD
100
0
200
TIME (μs)
300
400
3012 G23
500
3012 G25
3012fd
7
Page 8
LT3012
PIN FUNCTIONS
NC (Pins 1, 6, 7, 9, 12)/(Pins 2, 7, 10, 12, 15): No Connect. These pins have no internal connection; connecting
NC pins to a copper area for heat dissipation provides a
small improvement in thermal performance.
OUT (Pins 2, 3)/(Pins 3, 4): Output.The output supplies
power to the load. A minimum output capacitor of 3.3μF
is required to prevent oscillations. Larger output capacitors will be required for applications with large transient
loads to limit peak voltage transients. See the Applications
Information section for more information on output capacitance and reverse output characteristics.
ADJ (Pin 4)/(Pin 5): Adjust. This is the input to the error
amplifi er. This pin is internally clamped to ±7V. It has a
bias current of 30nA which fl ows into the pin (see curve
of ADJ Pin Bias Current vs Temperature in the Typical
Performance Characteristics). The ADJ pin voltage is
1.24V referenced to ground, and the output voltage range
is 1.24V to 60V.
GND (Pins 5, 13)/(Pins 1, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17): Ground. The
exposed backside of the package is an electrical connection
for GND. As such, to ensure optimum device operation and
thermal performance, the exposed pad must be connected
directly to pin 5/pin 6 on the PC board.
(DFN Package/TSSOP Package)
SHDN (Pin 8)/(Pin 11): Shutdown. The SHDN pin is used
to put the LT3012 into a low power shutdown state. The
⎯
output will be off when the
SHDN pin can be driven either by 5V logic or open-collector
logic with a pull-up resistor. The pull-up resistor is only
required to supply the pull-up current of the open-collector gate, normally several microamperes. If unused, the
SHDN pin must be tied to a logic high or to V
IN (Pins 10, 11)/(Pins 13,14): Input. Power is supplied
to the device through the IN pin. A bypass capacitor is
required on this pin if the device is more than six inches
away from the main input fi lter capacitor. In general, the
output impedance of a battery rises with frequency, so it is
advisable to include a bypass capacitor in battery-powered
circuits. A bypass capacitor in the range of 1μF to 10μF is
suffi cient. The LT3012 is designed to withstand reverse
voltages on the IN pin with respect to ground and the OUT
pin. In the case of a reversed input, which can happen if
a battery is plugged in backwards, the LT3012 will act as
if there is a diode in series with its input. There will be no
reverse current fl ow into the LT3012 and no reverse voltage will appear at the load. The device will protect both
itself and the load.
SHDN pin is pulled low. The
.
IN
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LT3012 is a 250mA high voltage low dropout regulator with micropower quiescent current and shutdown.
The device is capable of supplying 250mA at a dropout
voltage of 400mV. The low operating quiescent current
(40μA) drops to 1μA in shutdown. In addition to the
low quiescent current, the LT3012 incorporates several
protection features which make it ideal for use in battery-powered systems. The device is protected against
both reverse input and reverse output voltages. In battery
backup applications where the output can be held up by
a backup battery when the input is pulled to ground, the
LT3012 acts like it has a diode in series with its output
and prevents reverse current fl ow.
8
Adjustable Operation
The LT3012 has an output voltage range of 1.24V to 60V.
The output voltage is set by the ratio of two external resistors as shown in Figure 1. The device servos the output to
maintain the voltage at the adjust pin at 1.24V referenced
to ground. The current in R1 is then equal to 1.24V/R1
and the current in R2 is the current in R1 plus the ADJ
pin bias current. The ADJ pin bias current, 30nA at 25°C,
fl ows through R2 into the ADJ pin. The output voltage
can be calculated using the formula in Figure 1. The value
of R1 should be less than 250k to minimize errors in the
output voltage caused by the ADJ pin bias current. Note
that in shutdown the output is turned off and the divider
current will be zero.
3012fd
Page 9
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
LT3012
IN
OUT
LT3012
V
IN
= 1.24V
V
OUT
V
= 1.24V
ADJ
= 30nA AT 25°C
I
ADJ
OUTPUT RANGE = 1.24V TO 60V
GND
ADJ
R2
R1
+ (I
ADJ
R2
R1
)(R2)1 +
V
OUT
+
3012 F01
Figure 1. Adjustable Operation
The adjustable device is tested and specifi ed with the
ADJ pin tied to the OUT pin and a 5μA DC load (unless
otherwise specifi ed) for an output voltage of 1.24V. Specifi cations for output voltages greater than 1.24V will be
proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage to
1.24V; (V
/1.24V). For example, load regulation for an
OUT
output current change of 1mA to 250mA is –7mV typical at
= 1.24V. At V
V
OUT
= 12V, load regulation is:
OUT
(12V/1.24V) • (–7mV) = –68mV
Output Capacitance and Transient Response
The LT3012 is designed to be stable with a wide range of
output capacitors. The ESR of the output capacitor affects
stability, most notably with small capacitors. A minimum
output capacitor of 3.3μF with an ESR of 3Ω or less is
recommended to prevent oscillations. The LT3012 is a
micropower device and output transient response will be
a function of output capacitance. Larger values of output
capacitance decrease the peak deviations and provide
improved transient response for larger load current
changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple individual
components powered by the LT3012, will increase the
effective output capacitor value.
Extra consideration must be given to the use of ceramic
capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a
variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior across
temperature and applied voltage. The most common
dielectrics used are specifi ed with EIA temperature characteristic codes of Z5U, Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and
Y5V dielectrics are good for providing high capacitances
in a small package, but they tend to have strong voltage
and temperature coeffi cients as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
When used with a 5V regulator, a 16V 10μF Y5V capacitor
can exhibit an effective value as low as 1μF to 2μF for the
DC bias voltage applied and over the operating temperature range. The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in more
stable characteristics and are more suitable for use as the
output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability across
temperature, while the X5R is less expensive and is available in higher values. Care still must be exercised when
using X5R and X7R capacitors; the X5R and X7R codes
only specify operating temperature range and maximum
capacitance change over temperature. Capacitance change
due to DC bias with X5R and X7R capacitors is better than
Y5V and Z5U capacitors, but can still be signifi cant enough
to drop capacitor values below appropriate levels. Capacitor DC bias characteristics tend to improve as component
case size increases, but expected capacitance at operating
voltage should be verifi ed.
20
0
–20
–40
–60
CHANGE IN VALUE (%)
–80
–100
0
26
4
DC BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,
1210 CASE SIZE, 10μF
X5R
Y5V
14
8
12
10
3012 F02
16
40
20
0
–20
–40
–60
CHANGE IN VALUE (%)
–80
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,
1210 CASE SIZE, 10μF
–100
–50
–250
TEMPERATURE (°C)
X5R
Y5V
50100 125
2575
3012 F03
Figure 2. Ceramic Capacitor DC Bias CharacteristicsFigure 3. Ceramic Capacitor Temperature Characteristics
3012fd
9
Page 10
LT3012
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Voltage and temperature coeffi cients are not the only
sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have a
piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device generates
voltage across its terminals due to mechanical stress, similar to the way a piezoelectric accelerometer or microphone
works. For a ceramic capacitor the stress can be induced
by vibrations in the system or thermal transients.
Current Limit and Safe Operating Area Protection
Like many IC power regulators, the LT3012 has safe operating area protection. The safe operating area protection
decreases the current limit as the input voltage increases
and keeps the power transistor in a safe operating region.
The protection is designed to provide some output current
at all values of input voltage up to the device breakdown
(see curve of Current Limit vs Input Voltage in the Typical
Performance Characteristics).
The LT3012 is limited for operating conditions by maximum
junction temperature. While operating at maximum input
voltage, the output current range must be limited; when
operating at maximum output current, the input voltage
range must be limited. Device specifi cations will not apply
for all possible combinations of input voltage and output
current. Operating the LT3012 beyond the maximum junction temperature rating may impair the life of the device.
Thermal Considerations
The power handling capability of the device will be limited
by the maximum rated junction temperature of (125°C for
LT3012E, or 140°C for LT3012HFE). The power dissipated
by the device will be made up of two components:
1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage
differential: I
• (VIN – V
OUT
OUT
) and,
2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage:
GND
• VIN.
I
The GND pin current can be found by examining the GND
Pin Current curves in the Typical Performance Characteristics. Power dissipation will be equal to the sum of the
two components listed above.
The LT3012 has internal thermal limiting designed to protect the device during overload conditions. For continuous
normal conditions the maximum junction temperature
rating of 125°C (E-Grade) or 140°C (H-Grade)must not
be exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration
to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. Additional heat sources mounted nearby must also
be considered.
For surface mount devices, heat sinking is accomplished
by using the heat spreading capabilities of the PC board
and its copper traces. Copper board stiffeners and plated
through-holes can also be used to spread the heat generated by power devices.
The following tables list thermal resistance for several
different board sizes and copper areas. All measurements
were taken in still air on 3/32" FR-4 board with one ounce
copper.
The thermal resistance junction-to-case (θJC), measured
at the exposed pad on the back of the die, is 16°C/W.
Continuous operation at large input/output voltage differentials and maximum load current is not practical
due to thermal limitations. Transient operation at high
input/output differentials is possible. The approximate
thermal time constant for a 2500sq mm 3/32" FR-4 board
with maximum topside and backside area for one ounce
copper is 3 seconds. This time constant will increase as
more thermal mass is added (i.e., vias, larger board, and
other components).
10
3012fd
Page 11
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
LT3012
For an application with transient high power peaks, average
power dissipation can be used for junction temperature
calculations as long as the pulse period is signifi cantly less
than the thermal time constant of the device and board.
Calculating Junction Temperature
Example 1: Given an output voltage of 5V, an input voltage range of 24V to 30V, an output current range of 0mA
to 50mA, and a maximum ambient temperature of 50°C,
what will the maximum junction temperature be?
The power dissipated by the device will be equal to:
I
OUT(MAX)
• (V
IN(MAX)
– V
OUT
) + (I
GND
• V
IN(MAX)
)
where:
at (I
= 50mA
= 30V
= 50mA, VIN = 30V) = 1mA
OUT
I
OUT(MAX)
V
IN(MAX)
I
GND
So:
P = 50mA • (30V – 5V) + (1mA • 30V) = 1.28W
The thermal resistance will be in the range of 40°C/W to
62°C/W depending on the copper area. So the junction
temperature rise above ambient will be approximately
equal to:
1.31W • 50°C/W = 65.5°C
The maximum junction temperature will then be equal to
the maximum junction temperature rise above ambient
plus the maximum ambient temperature or:
Operation at the different power levels is as follows:
76% operation at P1, 19% for P2, 4% for P3, and
1% for P4.
P
= 76%(0.23W) + 19%(2.20W) + 4%(0.35W)
EFF
+ 1%(3.42W) = 0.64W
With a thermal resistance in the range of 40°C/W to
62°C/W, this translates to a junction temperature rise
above ambient of 26°C to 38°C.
High Temperature Operation
Care must be taken when designing LT3012 applications to
operate at high ambient temperatures. The LT3012 works
at elevated temperatures but erratic operation can occur
due to unforeseen variations in external components. Some
tantalum capacitors are available for high temperature
operation, but ESR is often several ohms; capacitor ESR
above 3Ω is unsuitable for use with the LT3012. Ceramic
capacitor manufacturers (Murata, AVX, TDK, and Vishay
Vitramon at this writing) now offer ceramic capacitors that
are rated to 150°C using an X8R dielectric. Device instability
will occur if output capacitor value and ESR are outside
design limits at elevated temperature and operating DC
voltage bias (see information on capacitor characteristics
under Output Capacitance and Transient Response). Check
each passive component for absolute value and voltage
ratings over the operating temperature range.
Example 2: Given an output voltage of 5V, an input voltage
of 48V that rises to 72V for 5ms(max) out of every 100ms,
and a 5mA load that steps to 50mA for 50ms out of every
250ms, what is the junction temperature rise above ambient? Using a 500ms period (well under the time constant
of the board), power dissipation is as follows:
Leakages in capacitors or from solder fl ux left after
insuficient board cleaning adversely affects low
quiescent current operation. The output voltage resistor
divider should use a maximum bottom resistor value of
124k to compensate for high temperature leakage, setting
divider current to 10μA. Consider junction temperature
increase due to power dissipation in both the junction and
nearby components to ensure maximum specifi cations are
not violated for the device or external components.
3012fd
11
Page 12
LT3012
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Protection Features
The LT3012 incorporates several protection features which
make it ideal for use in battery-powered circuits. In addition to the normal protection features associated with
monolithic regulators, such as current limiting and thermal
limiting, the device is protected against reverse-input voltages, and reverse voltages from output to input.
Like many IC power regulators, the LT3012 has safe operating area protection. The safe area protection decreases the
current limit as input voltage increases and keeps the power
transistor inside a safe operating region for all values of
input voltage. The protection is designed to provide some
output current at all values of input voltage up to the device
breakdown. The SOA protection circuitry for the LT3012
uses a current generated when the input voltage exceeds
25V to decrease current limit. This current shows up as
additional quiescent current for input voltages above 25V.
This increase in quiescent current occurs both in normal
operation and in shutdown (see curve of Quiescent Current
in the Typical Performance Characteristics).
Current limit protection and thermal overload protection
are intended to protect the device against current overload
conditions at the output of the device. For normal operation, the junction temperature should not exceed 125°C
(LT3012E) or 140°C (LT3012HFE).
The input of the device will withstand reverse voltages of
80V. No negative voltage will appear at the output. The
device will protect both itself and the load. This provides
protection against batteries which can be plugged in
backward.
The ADJ pin of the device can be pulled above or below
ground by as much as 7V without damaging the device.
If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the ADJ pin
will act like an open circuit when pulled below ground,
and like a large resistor (typically 100k) in series with a
diode when pulled above ground. If the input is powered
by a voltage source, pulling the ADJ pin below the reference voltage will cause the device to current limit. This
will cause the output to go to a unregulated high voltage.
Pulling the ADJ pin above the reference voltage will turn
off all output current.
In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a resistor
divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its 7V clamp voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ pin input current
must be limited to less than 5mA. For example, a resistor
divider is used to provide a regulated 1.5V output from the
1.24V reference when the output is forced to 60V. The top
resistor of the resistor divider must be chosen to limit the
current into the ADJ pin to less than 5mA when the ADJ
pin is at 7V. The 53V difference between the OUT and ADJ
pins divided by the 5mA maximum current into the ADJ
pin yields a minimum top resistor value of 10.6k.
In circuits where a backup battery is required, several
different input/output conditions can occur. The output
voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled
to ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is left
open circuit. Current fl ow back into the output will follow
the curve shown in Figure 4. The rise in reverse output
current above 7V occurs from the breakdown of the 7V
clamp on the ADJ pin. With a resistor divider on the
regulator output, this current will be reduced depending
on the size of the resistor divider.
200
TJ = 25°C
= 0V
V
180
IN
= V
V
OUT
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (μA)
20
0
ADJ
CURRENT FLOWS
INTO OUTPUT PIN
21
0
Figure 4. Reverse Output Current
43
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
ADJ
PIN CLAMP
(SEE ABOVE)
679
5
8
3012 F04
10
When the IN pin of the LT3012 is forced below the OUT
pin or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN pin, input current will typically drop to less than 2μA. This can happen
if the input of the LT3012 is connected to a discharged
(low voltage) battery and the output is held up by either
a backup battery or a second regulator circuit. The state
of the SHDN pin will have no effect on the reverse output
current when the output is pulled above the input.
12
3012fd
Page 13
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
5V Buck Converter with Low Current Keep Alive Backup
D2
D1N914
LT3012
V
IN
5.5V*
TO 60V
OPERATING
CURRENT
HIGH
LOW
C3
4.7μF
100V
CERAMIC
6
BOOST
4
V
IN
15
SHDN
14
SYNC
GND
1, 8, 9, 16
14
11
SHDN
LT1766
LT3012
GND
1
SW
BIAS
V
C
OUTIN
ADJ
FB
11
C
1nF
C2
0.33μF
2
D1
10MQ060N
10
12
C
3
750k
5
249k
†
L1
15μH
R1
15.4k
R2
4.99k
*
FOR INPUT VOLTAGES BELOW 7.5V,
SOME RESTRICTIONS MAY APPLY
†
INCREASE L1 TO 30μH FOR LOAD
CURRENTS ABOVE 0.6A AND TO
60μH ABOVE 1A
+
C1
100μF 10V
SOLID
TANTALUM
3012 TA03
V
OUT
5V
1A/250mA
Effi ciency vs Load Current
100
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
80
70
60
50
V
OUT
L = 68μH
0
= 5V
Buck Converter
0.25
0.50
LOAD CURRENT (A)
VIN = 10V
VIN = 42V
0.75
1.00
1.25
3012 TA04
3012fd
13
Page 14
LT3012
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
LT3012 Automotive Application
V
IN
12V
(LATER 42V)
OFF
ON
V
OFF
48V
ON
(72V TRANSIENT)
+
1μF
NO PROTECTION
DIODE NEEDED!
SHDN
LT3012
GND
OUTIN
ADJ
750k
249k
3.3μF
LOAD: CLOCK,
SECURITY SYSTEM
ETC
LT3012 Telecom Application
IN
1μF
SHDN
LT3012
GND
OUTIN
ADJ
750k
NO PROTECTION
DIODE NEEDED!
249k
3.3μF
LOAD:
SYSTEM MONITOR
ETC
3012 TA05
+
BACKUP
BATTERY
–
Constant Brightness for Indicator LED over Wide Input Voltage Range
RETURN
OFF ON
–48V
I
= 1.24V/R
LED
–48V CAN VARY FROM –4V TO –80V
1μF
SET
IN
LT3012
SHDN
GND
OUT
ADJ
R
3.3μF
SET
3012 TA06
14
3012fd
Page 15
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
LT3012
DE Package
12-Lead Plastic DFN (4mm × 3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1695)
3.60 ±0.05
2.20 ±0.05
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS
APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED
1.70 ± 0.05
0.25 ± 0.05
3.30 ±0.05
0.50 BSC
2.50 REF
0.70 ±0.05
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
(.141)
3.58
4.00 ±0.10
(2 SIDES)
R = 0.05
TYP
3.00 ±0.10
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(NOTE 6)
0.200 REF
NOTE:
1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE A VARIATION OF VERSION
(WGED) IN JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION
ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
(2 SIDES)
0.75 ±0.05
0.00 – 0.05
FE Package
16-Lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1663)
Exposed Pad Variation BB
4.90 – 5.10*
(.193 – .201)
3.58
(.141)
16 1514 13 12 11
10 9
R = 0.115
TYP
3.30 ±0.10
1.70 ± 0.10
0.25 ± 0.05
2.50 REF
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
127
16
0.50 BSC
0.40 ± 0.10
PIN 1 NOTCH
R = 0.20 OR
0.35 × 45°
CHAMFER
(UE12/DE12) DFN 0806 REV D
6.60 ±0.10
4.50 ±0.10
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
0.09 – 0.20
(.0035 – .0079)
NOTE:
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN
3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
SEE NOTE 4
0.65 BSC
4.30 – 4.50*
(.169 – .177)
0.50 – 0.75
(.020 – .030)
MILLIMETERS
(INCHES)
0.45 ±0.05
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
2.94
(.116)
1.05 ±0.10
1345678
2
0.25
REF
0° – 8°
0.65
(.0256)
BSC
0.195 – 0.30
(.0077 – .0118)
TYP
4. RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PCB METAL SIZE
FOR EXPOSED PAD ATTACHMENT
*DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.150mm (.006") PER SIDE
2.94
(.116)
1.10
(.0433)
MAX
0.05 – 0.15
(.002 – .006)
FE16 (BB) TSSOP 0204
6.40
(.252)
BSC
3012fd
15
Page 16
LT3012
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONCOMMENTS
LT1020125mA, Micropower Regulator and Comparator V
LT1120/LT1120A125mA, Micropower Regulator and Comparator VIN: 4.5V to 36V, V
LT1121/LT1121HV150mA, Micropower, LDOV
LT1129700mA, Micropower, LDOVIN: 4.2V to 30V, V
LT167660V, 440mA (I
), 100kHz, High Effi ciency
OUT
Step-Down DC/DC Converter
LT1761100mA, Low Noise Micropower, LDOV
LT1762150mA, Low Noise Micropower, LDOV
LT1763500mA, Low Noise Micropower, LDOV
LT1764/LT1764A3A, Low Noise, Fast Transient Response, LDOV
LT176660V, 1.2A (I
), 200kHz, High Effi ciency
OUT
Step-Down DC/DC Converter
LT177640V, 550mA (I
), 200kHz, High Effi ciency
OUT
Step-Down DC/DC Converter
LT1934/LT1934-1300mA/60mA, (I
), Constant Off-Time, High
OUT
Effi ciency Step-Down DC/DC Converter
LT195660V, 1.2A (I
), 500kHz, High Effi ciency
OUT
Step-Down DC/DC Converter
LT1962300mA, Low Noise Micropower, LDOV
LT1963/LT1963A1.5A, Low Noise, Fast Transient Response, LDO V
LT1964200mA, Low Noise Micropower, Negative LDOVIN: –1.9V to –20V, V
LT3010/LT3010H50mA, 3V to 80V, Low Noise Micropower LDOV
LT3013/LT3013H250mA, 4V to 80V, Low Dropout Micropower
Linear Regulator with PWRGD
LT3014/HV20mA, 3V to 80V, Low Dropout Micropower
Linear Regulator
ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
: 4.5V to 36V, V
IN
OUT(MIN)
and Reference, Class B Outputs, S16, PDIP14 Packages
Comparator and Reference, Logic Shutdown, Ref Sources and Sinks 2/4mA,
OUT(MIN)
S8, N8 Packages
: 4.2V to 30/36V, V
IN
Reverse Battery Protection, SOT-223, S8, Z Packages
DD, S0T-223, S8,TO220-5, TSSOP20 Packages
OUT(MIN)
VIN: 7.4V to 60V, V
: 1.8V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 20μV
: 1.8V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 20μV
: 1.8V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 20μV
: 2.7V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 40μV
OUT(MIN)
OUT(MIN)
RMS
OUT(MIN)
RMS
OUT(MIN)
RMS
OUT(MIN)
RMS
DD, TO220-5 Packages
VIN: 5.5V to 60V, V
VIN: 7.4V to 40V, V
OUT(MIN)
OUT(MIN)
90% Effi ciency, VIN: 3.2V to 34V, V
ThinSOT Package
VIN: 5.5V to 60V, V
: 1.8V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 20μV
: 2.1V to 20V, V
IN
Low Noise < 40μV
OUT(MIN)
OUT(MIN)
RMS
OUT(MIN)
RMS
DD, TO220-5, S0T-223, S8 Packages
Low Noise < 30μV
: 3V to 8V, V
IN
RMS
OUT(MIN)
Low Noise < 100μV
: 4V to 80V, V
V
IN
OUT
Power Good Feature; TSSOP-16E and 4mm × 3mm DFN-12 Packages,
H Grade = +140°C T