The LT®1963A series are low dropout regulators optimized for fast transient response. The devices are capable
of supplying 1.5A of output current with a dropout voltage
of 340mV. Operating quiescent current is 1mA, dropping
to < 1mA in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled;
it does not rise in dropout as it does with many other
regulators. In addition to fast transient response, the
LT1963A regulators have very low output noise which
makes them ideal for sensitive RF supply applications.
Output voltage range is from 1.21V to 20V. The LT1963A
regulators are stable with output capacitors as low as
10mF. Small ceramic capacitors can be used without the
necessary addition of ESR as is common with other
regulators. Internal protection circuitry includes reverse
battery protection, current limiting, thermal limiting and
reverse current protection. The devices are available in
fixed output voltages of 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and as an
adjustable device with a 1.21V reference voltage. The
LT1963A regulators are available in 5-lead TO-220, DD,
3-lead SOT-223 and 8-lead SO packages.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
3.3V to 2.5V Regulator
IN
> 3V
V
IN
10µF*
SHDN
OUT
LT1963A-2.5
SENSE
GND
1963 TA01
U
2.5V
++
*TANTALUM,
CERAMIC OR
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC
1.5A
10µF*
Dropout Voltage
400
350
300
250
200
150
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100
50
0
0.2
0
0.4
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1963 TA02
1.6
1963af
1
Page 2
LT1963A Series
WWWU
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS
(Note 1)
IN Pin Voltage........................................................ ± 20V
OUT Pin Voltage .................................................... ±20V
Input to Output Differential Voltage (Note 2) ......... ±20V
SENSE Pin Voltage ............................................... ±20V
ADJ Pin Voltage ...................................................... ±7V
UU
W
PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
FRONT VIEW
5
TAB IS
GND
5-LEAD PLASTIC DD
*PIN 5 = SENSE FOR LT1963A-1.8/LT1963A-2.5/LT1963A-3.3
Quiescent Current in ShutdownVIN = 6V, V
Ripple RejectionVIN – V
Current LimitVIN = 7V, V
= 0.5A1.9V
LOAD
I
= 1.5A●2.12.5V
LOAD
= 1mA1.4771.5001.523V
2.5V < V
LT1963A-1.8VIN = 2.3V, I
2.8V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < I
LT1963A-2.5VIN = 3V, I
3.5V < V
LT1963A-3.3VIN = 3.8V, I
4.3V < V
LT1963A-1.8DV
LT1963A-2.5DV
IN
IN
LT1963A-3.3DVIN = 3.8V to 20V, I
LT1963A (Note 4) DV
IN
= 2.5V, DI
V
IN
LT1963A-1.8VIN = 2.8V, DI
= 2.8V, DI
V
IN
LT1963A-2.5VIN = 3.5V, DI
= 3.5V, DI
V
IN
LT1963A-3.3VIN = 4.3V, DI
= 4.3V, DI
V
IN
LT1963A (Note 4) VIN = 2.5V, DI
= 2.5V, DI
V
IN
= 1mA0.020.06V
LOAD
I
= 1mA●0.10V
LOAD
I
= 100mA0.100.17V
LOAD
I
= 100mA●0.22V
LOAD
I
= 500mA0.190.27V
LOAD
I
= 500mA●0.35V
LOAD
I
= 1.5A0.340.45V
LOAD
I
= 1.5A●0.55V
LOAD
= 0mA●1.01.5mA
LOAD
= 1mA●1.11.6mA
LOAD
I
= 100mA●3.85.5mA
LOAD
I
= 500mA●1525mA
LOAD
= 1.5A●80120mA
I
LOAD
= 10mF, I
OUT
= Off to On●0.902V
OUT
= On to Off●0.250.75V
V
OUT
= 0V0.011mA
SHDN
= 20V330mA
SHDN
OUT
= 120Hz, I
f
RIPPLE
= V
V
IN
OUT(NOMINAL)
= 1.5A, BW = 10Hz to 100kHz40mV
LOAD
= 0V0.011mA
SHDN
= 1.5V (Avg), V
= 0.75A
LOAD
= 0V2A
OUT
+ 1V, DV
LOAD
< 20V, 1mA < I
IN
= 1mA1.7731.8001.827V
LOAD
= 1mA2.4622.5002.538V
LOAD
< 20V, 1mA < I
IN
= 1mA3.2503.3003.350V
LOAD
< 20V, 1mA < I
IN
= 1mA1.1921.2101.228V
LOAD
< 20V, 1mA < I
IN
= 2.3V to 20V, I
= 3V to 20V, I
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
= 2.21V to 20V, I
= 1mA to 1.5A29mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A●18mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A210mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A●20mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A2.515mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A●30mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A320mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A●35mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A28mV
LOAD
= 1mA to 1.5A●15mV
LOAD
= 0.5V
RIPPLE
OUT
P-P
= –0.1V●1.6A
< 1.5A●1.4471.5001.545V
LOAD
< 1.5A●1.7371.8001.854V
LOAD
< 1.5A●2.4122.5002.575V
LOAD
< 1.5A●3.2003.3003.400V
LOAD
< 1.5A●1.1741.2101.246V
LOAD
= 1mA●2.06mV
LOAD
= 1mA●2.57mV
= 1mA●3.010mV
= 1mA●3.510mV
= 1mA●1.55mV
LOAD
,5563dB
RMS
1963af
3
Page 4
LT1963A Series
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–50
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
75
1963 G03
–25
25
100
125
IL = 100mA
IL = 1mA
IL = 0.5A
IL = 1.5A
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25∞C. (Note 2)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Input Reverse Leakage Current (Note 13) Q, T, S8 Packages VIN = –20V, V
ST PackageVIN = –20V, V
Reverse Output Current (Note 11)LT1963A-1.5V
LT1963A-1.8V
LT1963A-2.5V
LT1963A-3.3V
LT1963A (Note 4) V
= 1.5V, VIN < 1.5V6001200mA
OUT
= 1.8V, VIN < 1.8V6001200mA
OUT
= 2.5V, VIN < 2.5V6001200mA
OUT
= 3.3V, VIN < 3.3V6001200mA
OUT
= 1.21V, VIN < 1.21V300600mA
OUT
= 0V●1mA
OUT
= 0V●2mA
OUT
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life
of a device may be impaired.
Note 2: Absolute maximum input to output differential voltage can not be
achieved with all combinations of rated IN pin and OUT pin voltages. With
the IN pin at 20V, the OUT pin may not be pulled below 0V. The total
measured voltage from IN to OUT can not exceed ±20V.
Note 3: The LT1963A regulators are tested and specified under pulse load
conditions such that T
TA = 25∞C. Performance at –40∞C and 125∞C is assured by design,
characterization and correlation with statistical process controls.
Note 4: The LT1963A (adjustable version) is tested and specified for these
conditions with the ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin.
Note 5: Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction
temperature. The regulated output voltage specification will not apply for
all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When
operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be
limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage
range must be limited.
Note 6: To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the LT1963A
(adjustable version) is tested and specified for these conditions with an
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Typical Dropout Voltage
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100
50
0
4
0
0.20.6
ª TA. The LT1963A is 100% tested at
J
TJ = 125°C
TJ = 25°C
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.6
1963 • G01
0.4
0.8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
UW
Guaranteed Dropout Voltage
600
TEST POINTS
500
400
300
200
100
GUARANTEED DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
0
0
0.20.6
0.4
external resistor divider (two 4.12k resistors) for an output voltage of
2.4V. The external resistor divider will add a 300mA DC load on the output.Note 7: Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential
needed to maintain regulation at a specified output current. In dropout, the
output voltage will be equal to: V
Note 8: GND pin current is tested with V
current source load. The GND pin current will decrease at higher input
voltages.
Note 9: ADJ pin bias current flows into the ADJ pin.
Note 10: SHDN pin current flows into the SHDN pin.
Note 11: Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the
OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current flows into the OUT
pin and out the GND pin.
Note 12. For the LT1963A, LT1963A-1.5 and LT1963A-1.8 dropout voltage
will be limited by the minimum input voltage specification under some
output voltage/load conditions.
Note 13. For the ST package, the input reverse leakage current increases
due to the additional reverse leakage current for the SHDN pin, which is
tied internally to the IN pin.
TJ ≤ 125°C
TJ ≤ 25°C
0.8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
1.0
1.2
1.4
1963 • G02
1.6
IN
– V
DROPOUT
= V
IN
.
OUT(NOMINAL)
Dropout Voltage
+ 1V and a
1963af
Page 5
UW
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1963A Series
Quiescent Current
1.4
1.2
LT1963A-1.5/1.8/-2.5/-3.3
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
VIN = 6V
0.2
= ∞, IL = 0
R
L
= V
V
SHDN
0
–50
IN
–250
2575
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1963A-2.5 Output Voltage
2.58
IL = 1mA
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.46
2.44
2.42
–50
050
–252575125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1963A
50100 125
1963 G04
100
1963 G06
LT1963A-1.5 Output Voltage
1.54
IL = 1mA
1.53
1.52
1.51
1.50
1.49
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.48
1.47
1.46
–25050
–50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1963A-3.3 Output Voltage
3.38
IL = 1mA
3.36
3.34
3.32
3.30
3.28
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.26
3.24
3.22
–50
050
–252575125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75 100 125
1963 G40
100
1963 G07
LT1963A-1.8 Output Voltage
1.84
IL = 1mA
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.79
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.78
1.77
1.76
–252575125
–50
050
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1963A ADJ Pin Voltage
1.230
IL = 1mA
1.225
1.220
1.215
1.210
1.205
ADJ PIN VOLTAGE (V)
1.200
1.195
1.190
–50
050
–252575125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
1963 G05
100
1963 G08
LT1963A-1.5 Quiescent Current
14
TJ = 25°C
= ∞
R
L
12
10
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
= V
V
SHDN
IN
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
1
3
5
68
4
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1963A-1.8 Quiescent Current
14
12
10
8
6
4
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
2
9
1963 G41
10
7
0
0
2
1
34
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
= ∞
R
L
= V
V
SHDN
IN
5678910
1963 G09
LT1963A-2.5 Quiescent Current
14
12
10
8
6
4
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
2
0
0
2
1
34
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
= ∞
R
L
= V
V
SHDN
IN
1056789
1963 G10
1963af
5
Page 6
LT1963A Series
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
1963 G17
0123
4
5
678910
RL = 1.8, IL = 1A*
RL = 1.2, IL = 1.5A*
RL = 3.6, IL = 500mA*
TJ = 25°C
V
SHDN
= V
IN
*FOR V
OUT
= 1.8V
UW
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1963A-3.3 Quiescent Current
14
12
10
8
6
4
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
2
0
0
2
1
34
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1963A-1.8 GND Pin Current
25
TJ = 25°C
= V
V
SHDN
IN
*FOR V
20
15
10
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
5
0
0
= 1.8V
OUT
RL = 18, IL = 100mA*
RL = 180, IL = 10mA*
1
3
2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
RL = 6, IL = 300mA*
4
TJ = 25°C
= ∞
R
L
= V
V
SHDN
IN
1963 G11
1963 G13
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
1056789
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
1098765
LT1963A Quiescent Current
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
4
2
68
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1963A-2.5 GND Pin Current
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
RL = 8.33, IL = 300mA*
RL = 25, IL = 100mA*
RL = 250, IL = 10mA*
1
3
2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
V
SHDN
*FOR V
4
TJ = 25°C
= 4.3k
R
L
= V
V
SHDN
= V
IN
= 2.5V
OUT
IN
1963 G12
1963 G14
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
2010 12 14 16 18
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
1098765
LT1963A-1.5 GND Pin Current
25
TJ = 25°C
= V
V
SHDN
IN
*FOR V
20
15
10
5
0
0
= 1.5V
OUT
RL = 150, IL = 10mA*
123
45
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
RL = 5, IL = 300mA*
RL = 15, IL = 100mA*
679
LT1963A-3.3 GND Pin Current
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
RL = 330, IL = 100mA*
1
3
2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
V
SHDN
*FOR V
RL = 11, IL = 300mA*
RL = 33, IL = 100mA*
4
= V
OUT
8
IN
= 3.3V
10
1963 G42
1098765
1963 G15
10
8
6
4
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
2
0
6
LT1963A GND Pin Current
TJ = 25°C
= V
V
SHDN
*FOR V
RL = 4.33, IL = 300mA*
RL = 12.1, IL = 100mA*
RL = 121, IL = 10mA*
1
0
2
3
4
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUT
IN
= 1.21V
1963 G16
LT1963A-1.8 GND Pin CurrentLT1963A-1.5 GND Pin Current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
20
10
1098765
0
0
RL = 1, IL = 1.5A*
21
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
V
SHDN
*FOR V
RL = 1.5, IL = 1A*
RL = 3, IL = 500mA*
679
43
5
= V
OUT
IN
= 1.5V
8
10
1963 G43
1963af
Page 7
UW
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1963A Series
LT1963A-2.5 GND Pin Current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
20
10
0
0123
RL = 1.67, IL = 1.5A*
RL = 2.5, IL = 1A*
RL = 5, IL = 500mA*
4
5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
GND Pin Current vs I
100
V
IN = VOUT (NOMINAL)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
20
10
0
00.2 0.4 0.6
+1V
0.8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
TJ = 25°C
= V
V
SHDN
IN
*FOR V
678910
OUT
= 2.5V
1963 G18
LOAD
1.2 1.4 1.6
1.0
1963 G21
LT1963A-3.3 GND Pin Current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
20
10
0
0123
RL = 2.2, IL = 1.5A*
RL = 3.3, IL = 1A*
RL = 6.6, IL = 500mA*
4
5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SHDN Pin Threshold (On-to-Off)
1.0
IL = 1mA
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
SHDN PIN THRESHOLD (V)
0.2
0.1
0
–50
0
–25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
25
TJ = 25°C
= V
V
SHDN
IN
*FOR V
678910
= 3.3V
OUT
1963 G19
100
125
1963 G22
75
LT1963A GND Pin Current
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
20
10
0
0123
RL = 0.81, IL = 1.5A*
RL = 1.21, IL = 1A*
RL = 2.42, IL = 500mA*
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TJ = 25°C
V
*FOR V
4
5
SHDN Pin Threshold (Off-to-On)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
SHDN PIN THRESHOLD (V)
0.2
0.1
0
–50
–25
IL = 1.5A
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
= V
SHDN
IN
= 1.21V
OUT
678910
1963 G20
IL = 1mA
100
125
1963 G23
75
SHDN Pin Input Current
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
SHDN PIN INPUT CURRENT (µA)
0.5
0
0246
SHDN PIN VOLTAGE (V)
8
12 14 16 18 20
10
1963 G24
SHDN Pin Input Current
7
6
5
4
3
2
SHDN PIN INPUT CURRENT (µA)
1
0
–50
–250
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
50100 125
2575
SHDN
= 20V
1963 G25
ADJ Pin Bias Current
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
ADJ PIN BIAS CURRENT (µA)
1.0
0.5
0
–50
0
–25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
25
75
100
125
1963 G26
1963af
7
Page 8
LT1963A Series
UW
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Current Limit
3.0
2.5
TJ = 25°C
2.0
TJ = 125°C
1.5
1.0
CURRENT LIMIT (A)
0.5
∆V
= 100mV
OUT
0
026 1014 18
481216
INPUT/OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
Reverse Output Current
5.0
4.5
LT1963A-1.8
4.0
LT1963A-1.5
3.5
3.0
LT1963A
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.5
0
0123
4
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1963A-2.5
678910
5
TJ = –50°C
LT1963A-3.3
20
1963 G27
TJ = 25°C
= 0V
V
IN
CURRENT FLOWS INTO
OUTPUT PIN
= V
V
OUT
= V
V
OUT
1963 G29
(LT1963A)
ADJ
(LT1963A-1.5/1.8/-2.5/-3.3)
FB
Current Limit
4.0
VIN = 7V
= 0V
V
OUT
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
CURRENT LIMIT (A)
1.0
0.5
0
–50
–25
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Reverse Output Current
1.0
VIN = 0V
0.9
= 1.21V (LT1963A)
V
OUT
= 1.5V (LT1963A-1.5)
V
OUT
0.8
= 1.8V (LT1963A-1.8)
V
OUT
= 2.5V (LT1963A-2.5)
V
OUT
0.7
= 3.3V (LT1963A-3.3)
V
OUT
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.1
0
–50
–25
LT1963A-1.8/-2.5/-3.3
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
50
75
LT1963A
75
100
100
125
1963 G28
125
1963 G30
Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection
80
70
60
50
40
30
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
20
10
0
C
= 100µF TANTALUM
OUT
+10 1µF CERAMIC
C
= 10µF TANTALUM
OUT
IL = 0.75A
= V
V
IN
OUT(NOMINAL)
101k10k1M
100100k
+1V + 50mV
FREQUENCY (Hz)
RMS
RIPPLE
1963 G31
76
74
72
70
68
66
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
IL = 0.75A
64
= V
V
IN
RIPPLE AT f = 120Hz
62
–50
–250
8
OUT(NOMINAL)
2575
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+1V + 0.5V
P-P
50100 125
1963 G32
LT1963A Minimum Input Voltage
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
MINIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.5
0
–50
IL = 1.5A
IL = 100mA
–250
50100 125
2575
TEMPERATURE (°C)
IL = 500mA
1963 G33
1963af
Page 9
UW
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1963A Series
Load Regulation
10
5
0
–5
–10
LOAD REGULATION (mV)
–15
–20
–50
LT1963A-1.8
LT1963A-2.5
VIN = V
OUT(NOMINAL)
(LT1963A-1.8/-2.5/-3.3)
= 2.7V (LT1963A/LT1963A-1.5)
V
IN
= 1mA TO 1.5A
∆I
L
–250
TEMPERATURE (°C)
2575
LT1963A-1.5
LT1963A
LT1963A-3.3
+1V
50100 125
RMS Output Noise vs Load
Current (10Hz to 100kHz)
50
C
= 10µF
OUT
45
)
40
RMS
35
30
25
20
15
10
OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (µV
5
0
0.00010.010.110
0.0011
LOAD CURRENT (A)
LT1963A-3.3
LT1963A-2.5
LT1963A-1.8
LT1963A-1.5
LT1963A
1963 G34
1063 G36
V
OUT
100µV/DIV
Output Noise Spectral Density
1.0
C
= 10µF
OUT
=1.5A
I
L
LT1963A-2.5
LT1963A
LT1963A-1.5
1k100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1963 G35
OUTPUT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (µV/√Hz)
0.01
0.1
10
LT1963A-3.3
LT1963A-1.8
10010k
LT1963A-3.3 10Hz to 100kHz Output Noise
C
I
LOAD
OUT
= 10µF
= 1.5A
1ms/DIV
1963 G37
LT1963A-3.3 Transient Response
200
VIN = 4.3V
= 3.3µF TANTALUM
C
150
IN
= 10µF TANTALUM
C
OUT
100
50
0
DEVIATION (mV)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–50
–100
0.6
0.4
LOAD
0.2
CURRENT (A)
0
0246
8
12 14 16 18 20
10
TIME (µs)
1963 G38
LT1963A-3.3 Transient Response
150
100
50
0
–50
DEVIATION (mV)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–100
–150
1.5
1.0
0.5
LOAD
CURRENT (A)
0
050100 150
VIN = 4.3V
= 33µF TANTALUM
C
IN
= 100µF TANTALUM
C
OUT
+10 1µF CERAMIC
250
300
TIME (µs)
350 400 450 500200
1963 G39
1963af
9
Page 10
LT1963A Series
U
UU
PI FU CTIO S
OUT: Output. The output supplies power to the load. A
minimum output capacitor of 10mF is required to prevent
oscillations. Larger output capacitors will be
required for applications with large transient loads to limit
peak voltage transients. See the Applications Information
section for more information on output capacitance and
reverse output characteristics.
SENSE: Sense. For fixed voltage versions of the LT1963A
(LT1963A-1.5/LT1963A-1.8/LT1963A-2.5/LT1963A-3.3),
the SENSE pin is the input to the error amplifier. Optimum
regulation will be obtained at the point where the SENSE
pin is connected to the OUT pin of the regulator. In critical
applications, small voltage drops are caused by the resistance (RP) of PC traces between the regulator and the load.
These may be eliminated by connecting the SENSE pin to
the output at the load as shown in Figure 1 (Kelvin Sense
Connection). Note that the voltage drop across the external PC traces will add to the dropout voltage of the regulator. The SENSE pin bias current is 600mA at the nominal
rated output voltage. The SENSE pin can be pulled below
ground (as in a dual supply system where the regulator
load is returned to a negative supply) and still allow the
device to start and operate.
output will be off when the SHDN pin is pulled low. The
SHDN pin can be driven either by 5V logic or opencollector logic with a pull-up resistor. The pull-up resistor
is required to supply the pull-up current of the opencollector gate, normally several microamperes, and the
SHDN pin current, typically 3mA. If unused, the SHDN pin
must be connected to VIN. The device will be in the low
power shutdown state if the SHDN pin is not connected.
IN: Input. Power is supplied to the device through the IN
pin. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the device
is more than six inches away from the main input filter
capacitor. In general, the output impedance of a battery
rises with frequency, so it is advisable to include a bypass
capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A bypass capacitor
in the range of 1mF to 10mF is sufficient. The LT1963A
regulators are designed to withstand reverse voltages on
the IN pin with respect to ground and the OUT pin. In the
case of a reverse input, which can happen if a battery is
plugged in backwards, the device will act as if there is a
diode in series with its input. There will be no reverse
current flow into the regulator and no reverse voltage will
appear at the load. The device will protect both itself and
the load.
ADJ: Adjust. For the adjustable LT1963A, this is the input
to the error amplifier. This pin is internally clamped to ± 7V.
It has a bias current of 3mA which flows into the pin. The
ADJ pin voltage is 1.21V referenced to ground and the
output voltage range is 1.21V to 20V.
SHDN: Shutdown. The SHDN pin is used to put the
LT1963A regulators into a low power shutdown state. The
IN
V
+
IN
Figure 1. Kelvin Sense Connection
SHDN
LT1963A
SENSE
GND
OUT
R
P
+
R
P
LOAD
1963 F01
10
1963af
Page 11
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
LT1963A Series
The LT1963A series are 1.5A low dropout regulators optimized for fast transient response. The devices are capable of supplying 1.5A at a dropout voltage of 350mV.
The low operating quiescent current (1mA) drops to less
than 1mA in shutdown. In addition to the low quiescent
current, the LT1963A regulators incorporate several protection features which make them ideal for use in batterypowered systems. The devices are protected against both
reverse input and reverse output voltages. In battery backup
applications where the output can be held up by a backup
battery when the input is pulled to ground, the LT1963A-X
acts like it has a diode in series with its output and prevents
reverse current flow. Additionally, in dual supply applications where the regulator load is returned to a negative
supply, the output can be pulled below ground by as much
as 20V and still allow the device to start and operate.
Adjustable Operation
The adjustable version of the LT1963A has an output
voltage range of 1.21V to 20V. The output voltage is set by
the ratio of two external resistors as shown in Figure 2. The
device servos the output to maintain the voltage at the ADJ
pin at 1.21V referenced to ground. The current in R1 is
then equal to 1.21V/R1 and the current in R2 is the current
in R1 plus the ADJ pin bias current. The ADJ pin bias
current, 3mA at 25∞C, flows through R2 into the ADJ pin.
The output voltage can be calculated using the formula in
Figure 2. The value of R1 should be less than 4.17k to
minimize errors in the output voltage caused by the ADJ
pin bias current. Note that in shutdown the output is turned
off and the divider current will be zero.
LT1963A
GND
OUT
ADJ
V
OUT
+
R2
R1
IN
V
IN
The adjustable device is tested and specified with the ADJ
pin tied to the OUT pin for an output voltage of 1.21V.
Specifications for output voltages greater than 1.21V will
be proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage to
1.21V: V
/1.21V. For example, load regulation for an
OUT
output current change of 1mA to 1.5A is –3mV typical at
V
= 1.21V. At V
OUT
= 5V, load regulation is:
OUT
(5V/1.21V)(–3mV) = –12.4mV
Output Capacitance and Transient Response
The LT1963A regulators are designed to be stable with a
wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of the output
capacitor affects stability, most notably with small capacitors. A minimum output capacitor of 10mF with an ESR of
3W or less is recommended to prevent oscillations. Larger
values of output capacitance can decrease the peak deviations and provide improved transient response for larger
load current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple
individual components powered by the LT1963A, will
increase the effective output capacitor value.
Extra consideration must be given to the use of ceramic
capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a
variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over
temperature and applied voltage. The most common
dielectrics used are Z5U, Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and
Y5V dielectrics are good for providing high capacitances
in a small package, but exhibit strong voltage and temperature coefficients as shown in Figures 3 and 4. When
used with a 5V regulator, a 10mF Y5V capacitor can exhibit
20
0
–20
–40
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,
1210 CASE SIZE, 10µF
X5R
1963 F02
R
2
Ê
VV
=+
121 1
.
OUTADJ
VV
=
121
.
ADJ
IA
=∞
3
m AT 25 C
ADJ
OUTPUT RANGE = 1.21V TO 20V
ˆ
IR
+
Á
˜
Ë
¯
R
1
2
()()
Figure 2. Adjustable Operation
–60
CHANGE IN VALUE (%)
–80
–100
0
26
4
DC BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
Y5V
14
8
12
10
16
1963 F03
Figure 3. Ceramic Capacitor DC Bias Characteristics
11
1963af
Page 12
LT1963A Series
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
40
20
0
–20
–40
–60
CHANGE IN VALUE (%)
–80
BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V,
1210 CASE SIZE, 10µF
–100
–50
–250
Figure 4. Ceramic Capacitor Temperature Characteristics
2575
TEMPERATURE (°C)
X5R
Y5V
50100 125
1963 F04
an effective value as low as 1mF to 2mF over the operating
temperature range. The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in
more stable characteristics and are more suitable for use
as the output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability
across temperature, while the X5R is less expensive and
is available in higher values.
Voltage and temperature coefficients are not the only
sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have a
piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device generates
voltage across its terminals due to mechanical stress,
similar to the way a piezoelectric accelerometer or microphone works. For a ceramic capacitor the stress can be
induced by vibrations in the system or thermal transients.
Overload Recovery
Like many IC power regulators, the LT1963A-X has safe
operating area protection. The safe area protection decreases the current limit as input-to-output voltage increases and keeps the power transistor inside a safe
operating region for all values of input-to-output voltage.
The protection is designed to provide some output current
at all values of input-to-output voltage up to the device
breakdown.
When power is first turned on, as the input voltage rises,
the output follows the input, allowing the regulator to start
up into very heavy loads. During the start-up, as the input
voltage is rising, the input-to-output voltage differential is
small, allowing the regulator to supply large output
currents. With a high input voltage, a problem can occur
wherein removal of an output short will not allow the
output voltage to recover. Other regulators, such as the
LT1085, also exhibit this phenomenon, so it is not unique
to the LT1963A-X.
The problem occurs with a heavy output load when the
input voltage is high and the output voltage is low. Common situations are immediately after the removal of a
short-circuit or when the shutdown pin is pulled high after
the input voltage has already been turned on. The load line
for such a load may intersect the output current curve at
two points. If this happens, there are two stable output
operating points for the regulator. With this double intersection, the input power supply may need to be cycled
down to zero and brought up again to make the output
recover.
Output Voltage Noise
The LT1963A regulators have been designed to provide
low output voltage noise over the 10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth while operating at full load. Output voltage noise is
typically 40nV/÷Hz over this frequency bandwidth for the
LT1963A (adjustable version). For higher output voltages
(generated by using a resistor divider), the output voltage
noise will be gained up accordingly. This results in RMS
noise over the 10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth of 14mV
the LT1963A increasing to 38mV
for the LT1963A-3.3.
RMS
RMS
for
Higher values of output voltage noise may be measured
when care is not exercised with regards to circuit layout
and testing. Crosstalk from nearby traces can induce
unwanted noise onto the output of the LT1963A-X. Power
supply ripple rejection must also be considered; the
LT1963A regulators do not have unlimited power supply
rejection and will pass a small portion of the input noise
through to the output.
Thermal Considerations
The power handling capability of the device is limited by the
maximum rated junction temperature (125∞C). The power
dissipated by the device is made up of two components:
1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage
differential: (I
)(VIN – V
OUT
OUT
), and
12
1963af
Page 13
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
LT1963A Series
2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage:
(I
)(VIN).
GND
The GND pin current can be found using the GND Pin
Current curves in the Typical Performance Characteristics. Power dissipation will be equal to the sum of the two
components listed above.
The LT1963A series regulators have internal thermal
limiting designed to protect the device during overload
conditions. For continuous normal conditions, the maximum junction temperature rating of 125∞C must not be
exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to
all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. Additional heat sources mounted nearby must also
be considered.
For surface mount devices, heat sinking is accomplished
by using the heat spreading capabilities of the PC board
and its copper traces. Copper board stiffeners and plated
through-holes can also be used to spread the heat generated by power devices.
The following tables list thermal resistance for several
different board sizes and copper areas. All measurements
were taken in still air on 1/16" FR-4 board with one ounce
copper.
Table 1. Q Package, 5-Lead DD
COPPER AREA
TOPSIDE*BACKSIDE
2500mm22500mm
1000mm22500mm
125mm22500mm
*Device is mounted on topside
BOARD AREA (JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT)
2
2500mm
2
2500mm
2
2500mm
Table 2. SO-8 Package, 8-Lead SO
COPPER AREA
TOPSIDE*BACKSIDE
2500mm22500mm
1000mm22500mm
225mm22500mm
100mm22500mm
*Device is mounted on topside.
BOARD AREA (JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT)
2
2500mm
2
2500mm
2
2500mm
2
2500mm
THERMAL RESISTANCE
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
23∞C/W
25∞C/W
33∞C/W
THERMAL RESISTANCE
55∞C/W
55∞C/W
63∞C/W
69∞C/W
Table 3. SOT-223 Package, 3-Lead SOT-223
COPPER AREA
TOPSIDE*BACKSIDE
2500mm22500mm22500mm
1000mm22500mm22500mm
2
225mm
100mm
1000mm21000mm21000mm
1000mm
*Device is mounted on topside.
2500mm22500mm
2
2500mm22500mm
2
0mm
BOARD AREA (JUNCTION-TO-AMBIENT)
2
1000mm
THERMAL RESISTANCE
2
2
2
2
2
2
42∞C/W
42∞C/W
50∞C/W
56∞C/W
49∞C/W
52∞C/W
T Package, 5-Lead TO-220
Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Case) = 4∞C/W
Calculating Junction Temperature
Example: Given an output voltage of 3.3V, an input voltage
range of 4V to 6V, an output current range of 0mA to
500mA and a maximum ambient temperature of 50∞C,
what will the maximum junction temperature be?
The power dissipated by the device will be equal to:
I
OUT(MAX)(VIN(MAX)
– V
OUT
) + I
GND(VIN(MAX)
)
where,
I
OUT(MAX)
V
IN(MAX)
I
GND
at (I
= 500mA
= 6V
= 500mA, VIN = 6V) = 10mA
OUT
So,
P = 500mA(6V – 3.3V) + 10mA(6V) = 1.41W
Using a DD package, the thermal resistance will be in the
range of 23∞C/W to 33∞C/W depending on the copper
area. So the junction temperature rise above ambient will
be approximately equal to:
1.41W(28∞C/W) = 39.5∞C
The maximum junction temperature will then be equal to
the maximum junction temperature rise above ambient
plus the maximum ambient temperature or:
T
= 50∞C + 39.5∞C = 89.5∞C
JMAX
1963af
13
Page 14
LT1963A Series
WUUU
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Protection Features
The LT1963A regulators incorporate several protection
features which make them ideal for use in battery-powered
circuits. In addition to the normal protection features
associated with monolithic regulators, such as current
limiting and thermal limiting, the devices are protected
against reverse input voltages, reverse output voltages
and reverse voltages from output to input.
Current limit protection and thermal overload protection
are intended to protect the device against current overload
conditions at the output of the device. For normal operation, the junction temperature should not exceed 125∞C.
The input of the device will withstand reverse voltages of
20V. Current flow into the device will be limited to less than
1mA (typically less than 100mA) and no negative voltage
will appear at the output. The device will protect both itself
and the load. This provides protection against batteries
that can be plugged in backward.
The output of the LT1963A can be pulled below ground
without damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit
or grounded, the output can be pulled below ground by
20V. For fixed voltage versions, the output will act like a
large resistor, typically 5k or higher, limiting current flow
to typically less than 600mA. For adjustable versions, the
output will act like an open circuit; no current will flow out
of the pin. If the input is powered by a voltage source, the
output will source the short-circuit current of the device
and will protect itself by thermal limiting. In this case,
grounding the SHDN pin will turn off the device and stop
the output from sourcing the short-circuit current.
The ADJ pin of the adjustable device can be pulled above
or below ground by as much as 7V without damaging the
device. If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the ADJ
pin will act like an open circuit when pulled below ground
and like a large resistor (typically 5k) in series with a diode
when pulled above ground.
In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a resistor
divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its 7V clamp
voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ pin input
current must be limited to less than 5mA. For example, a
resistor divider is used to provide a regulated 1.5V output
from the 1.21V reference when the output is forced to 20V.
The top resistor of the resistor divider must be chosen to
limit the current into the ADJ pin to less than 5mA when the
ADJ pin is at 7V. The 13V difference between OUT and ADJ
pins divided by the 5mA maximum current into the ADJ pin
yields a minimum top resistor value of 2.6k.
In circuits where a backup battery is required, several
different input/output conditions can occur. The output
voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled to
ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is left
open circuit. Current flow back into the output will follow
the curve shown in Figure 5.
When the IN pin of the LT1963A is forced below the OUT
pin or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN pin, input current
will typically drop to less than 2mA. This can happen if the
input of the device is connected to a discharged (low
voltage) battery and the output is held up by either a
backup battery or a second regulator circuit. The state of
the SHDN pin will have no effect on the reverse output
current when the output is pulled above the input.
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.5
0
Figure 5. Reverse Output Current
V
OUT
LT1963A-1.5
= V
V
OUT
LT1963A-1.8
= V
V
OUT
LT1963A-2.5
= V
V
OUT
0
LT1963A
= V
ADJ
FB
FB
FB
213
4
5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1963A-3.3
= V
V
OUT
TJ = 25°C
= 0V
V
IN
CURRENT FLOWS
INTO OUTPUT PIN
697
8
1963 F05
FB
10
14
1963af
Page 15
TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
SCR Pre-Regulator Provides Efficiency Over Line Variations
DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE
**
DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD
FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE
¥ 45∞
0°– 8° TYP
0.016 – 0.050
(0.406 – 1.270)
0.053 – 0.069
(1.346 – 1.752)
0.014 – 0.019
(0.355 – 0.483)
TYP
0.150 – 0.157**
(3.810 – 3.988)
1
3
2
4
0.004 – 0.010
(0.101 – 0.254)
0.050
(1.270)
BSC
SO8 1298
1963af
17
Page 18
LT1963A Series
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
0.248 – 0.264
(6.30 – 6.71)
0.114 – 0.124
(2.90 – 3.15)
0.264 – 0.287
(6.70 – 7.30)
0.130 – 0.146
(3.30 – 3.71)
U
ST Package
3-Lead Plastic SOT-223
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1630)
0.071
(1.80)
MAX
0.0905
(2.30)
NOM
0.024 – 0.033
(0.60 – 0.84)
0.181
(4.60)
NOM
0.033 – 0.041
(0.84 – 1.04)
0.012
(0.31)
MIN
10°
MAX
10° – 16°
0.010 – 0.014
(0.25 – 0.36)
10° – 16°
0.0008 – 0.0040
(0.0203 – 0.1016)
ST3 (SOT-233) 1298
18
1963af
Page 19
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
T5 (TO-220) 0399
0.028 – 0.038
(0.711 – 0.965)
0.067
(1.70)
0.135 – 0.165
(3.429 – 4.191)
0.700 – 0.728
(17.78 – 18.491)
0.045 – 0.055
(1.143 – 1.397)
0.095 – 0.115
(2.413 – 2.921)
0.013 – 0.023
(0.330 – 0.584)
0.620
(15.75)
TYP
0.155 – 0.195*
(3.937 – 4.953)
0.152 – 0.202
(3.861 – 5.131)
0.260 – 0.320
(6.60 – 8.13)
0.165 – 0.180
(4.191 – 4.572)
0.147 – 0.155
(3.734 – 3.937)
DIA
0.390 – 0.415
(9.906 – 10.541)
0.330 – 0.370
(8.382 – 9.398)
0.460 – 0.500
(11.684 – 12.700)
0.570 – 0.620
(14.478 – 15.748)
0.230 – 0.270
(5.842 – 6.858)
BSC
SEATING PLANE
* MEASURED AT THE SEATING PLANE
LT1963A Series
U
T Package
5-Lead Plastic TO-220 (Standard)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1421)
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
1963af
19
Page 20
LT1963A Series
TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
U
+
V
> 2.7V
IN
NOTE: ADJUST R1 FOR
0A TO 1.5A CONSTANT CURRENT
10µF
C1
Adjustable Current Source
R5
0.01Ω
R1
1k
LT1004-1.2
80.6k
R3
2k
R2
3.3µF
C2
R4
2.2k
R6
2.2k
2
+
1/2
LT1366
3
–
LT1963A-1.8
IN
SHDN
GND
C3
1µF
8
4
OUT
1
LOAD
FB
R8
100k
R7
470Ω
1963 TA04
Paralleling of Regulators for Higher Output Current