The LT®1585A/LT1585A-3.3 are low dropout 3-terminal
regulators with 5A output current capability. Design has
been optimized for low voltage applications where transient response and minimum input voltage are critical.
Similar to the LT1084 family, these regulators feature
lower dropout voltage and faster transient response.
These improvements make them ideal for low voltage
microprocessor applications requiring a regulated 2.5V to
3.6V output with an input supply below 7V.
Current limit is trimmed to ensure specified output current
and controlled short-circuit current. On-chip thermal limiting provides protection against any combination of overload that would create excessive junction temperatures.
The LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 are available in the industry
standard 3-pin TO-220 power package.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. PowerPC is a trademark of IBM Corporation.
U
TYPICAL APPLICATION
C2*
10µF
3.3V
5A
1585A TA01
≥ 4.75V
V
IN
* REQUIRED FOR STABILITY
NOTE: MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATIONS WITH LOAD TRANSIENTS OF 3.8A REQUIRE
OUTPUT DECOUPLING CAPACITANCE >1300µF ON FIXED VOLTAGE PARTS TO ACHIEVE
< 50mV OF DEVIATION FROM NOMINAL OUTPUT. CONSULT FACTORY FOR DETAILS
+
C1
10µF
LT1585A-3.3
+
Dropout Voltage vs Output Current3.3V, 5A Regulator
Temperature Stability●0.5%
Long-Term StabilityTA = 125°C, 1000 Hrs.0.031.0%
RMS Output NoiseTA = 25°C, 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz0.003%
(% of V
OUT
)
Thermal ResistanceLT1585AT Package: Control Circuitry/Power Transistor0.7/3.0°C/W
Junction to Case
= 25µF Tant., (V
OUT
= 25µF Tant., VIN = 6.3V,
OUT
IN
– V
OUT
) = 3V,
●6072dB
0.0040.02%/W
The ● denotes specifications which apply over the specified operating
temperature range.
Note 1: See thermal regulation specifications for changes in output voltage
due to heating effects. Load and line regulation are measured at a constant
junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing.
Note 2: Line and load regulation are guaranteed up to the maximum power
dissipation 28.8W for the LT1585A in T package. Power dissipation is
W
U
determined by input/output differential and the output current. Guaranteed
maximum output power will not be available over the full input/output
voltage range.
Note 3: I
FULL LOAD
as a function of input-to-output voltage. I
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3. The LT1585A has constant current limit with
changes in input-to-output voltage.
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1585A Dropout Voltage
vs Output Current
1.5
GUARANTEED
1.4
TEST POINTS
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
0
2
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
T = 25°C
3
T = –5°C
T = 125°C
4
LT1585A • TPC01
5
LT1585A Short-Circuit Current
vs Temperature
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
4.0
–50
–75
–25
50
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
25
100
125
LT1585A • TPC02
is defined as the maximum value of output load current
FULL LOAD
is equal to 5A for the
LT1585A Load Regulation
vs Temperature
0.10
∆I = 5A
0.05
0
–0.05
–0.10
–0.15
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (%)
150
175
–0.20
–252575125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1585A • TPC03
175–50–75050100150
3
Page 4
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–75
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
9
11
13
125
LT1585A • TPC09
7
5
8
10
12
6
4
3
–25
25
75
–50150
0
50
100
175
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–75
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.33
3.34
3.35
125
LT1585A • TPC06
3.32
3.31
3.30
3.29
3.28
3.27
3.26
3.25
–25
25
75
–50150
0
50
100
175
V
OUT
= 3.3V
W
U
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1585A Reference Voltage
vs Temperature
1.275
1.270
1.265
1.260
1.255
1.250
1.245
1.240
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
1.235
1.230
1.225
–25
0
–50150
–75
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT1585A Minimum Load Current
vs Temperature
5
4
3
2
1
MINIMUM LOAD CURRENT (mA)
0
–25
–75
0
–50150
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Output Voltage vs Temperature
Using Adjustable LT1585A
3.70
V
SET WITH 1% RESISTORS
OUT
3.65
3.60
3.55
3.50
3.45
3.40
3.35
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.30
3.25
75
100
125
175
LT1585A • TPC04
3.20
–25
–50150
–75
V
= 3.6V
OUT
V
= 3.45V
OUT
V
= 3.38V
OUT
V
= 3.3V
OUT
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
25
50
100
125
LT1585A • TPC05
175
LT1585A Adjust Pin Current
vs Temperature
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
ADJUST PIN CURRENT (µA)
20
10
75
100
125
175
LT1585A • TPC07
0
–25
–50150
–75
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
25
50
100
125
LT1585A • TPC08
175
LT1585A-3.3 Output Voltage
vs Temperature
LT1585A-3.3 Quiescent Current
vs Temperature
4
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
20
10
0
101k10k100k
LT1585A-3.3 Ripple Rejection
vs Frequency
LT1585A-3.3: (VIN – V
0.5V ≤ V
RIPPLE
= I
I
OUT
FULL LOAD
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
≤ 2V
OUT
) ≤ 3V
LT1585A • TPC10
LT1585A Maximum Power
Dissipation*
30
25
20
15
POWER (W)
10
5
0
50
60 70
*AS LIMITED BY MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
90110 120 130 140 150
80100
CASE TEMPERATURE (˚C)
LT1585A • TPC11
Page 5
WW
SI PLIFIED SCHE ATIC
V
IN
THERMAL
LIMIT
ADJ
GND
FOR FIXED VOLTAGE DEVICE
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
+
–
V
OUT
LT1585A • BD
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
General
The LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 3-terminal regulators are
easy to use and have all the protection features expected
in high performance linear regulators. The devices are
short-circuit protected, safe-area protected and provide
thermal shutdown to turn off the regulators should the
junction temperature exceed about 150°C. The regulators
include an adjustable and a fixed 3.3V version.
These ICs are pin compatible with the LT1083/LT1084/
LT1085 family of linear regulators but offer lower dropout
voltage and faster transient response. The trade-off for this
improved performance is a 7V maximum supply voltage.
Similar to the LT1083/LT1084/LT1085 family, the
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 regulators require an output capacitor for stability. However, the improved frequency
compensation permits the use of capacitors with much
lower ESR while still maintaining stability. This is critical in
addressing the needs of modern, low voltage, high speed
microprocessors.
Current generation microprocessors cycle load current
from almost zero to amps in tens of nanoseconds. Output
voltage tolerances are tighter and include transient response as part of the specification. The LT1585A/
LT1585A-3.3 are specifically designed to meet the fast
current load-step requirements of these microprocessors
and save total cost by needing less output capacitance in
order to maintain regulation.
Stability
The circuit design in the LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 requires
the use of an output capacitor as part of the frequency
compensation. For all operating conditions, the addition
of a 22µ F solid tantalum or a 100µ F aluminum electrolytic
on the output ensures stability. Normally, the LT1585A/
LT1585A-3.3 can use smaller value capacitors. Many
different types of capacitors are available and have widely
varying characteristics. These capacitors differ in capaci-
5
Page 6
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
tor tolerance (sometimes ranging up to ±100%), equivalent series resistance, equivalent series inductance and
capacitance temperature coefficient. The LT1585A/
LT1585A-3.3 frequency compensation optimizes frequency response with low ESR capacitors. In general, use
capacitors with an ESR of less than 1Ω.
On the adjustable LT1585A, bypassing the adjust terminal
improves ripple rejection and transient response. Bypassing the adjust pin increases the required output capacitor
value. The value of 22µF tantalum or 100µF aluminum
covers all cases of bypassing the adjust terminal. With no
adjust pin bypassing, smaller values of capacitors provide
equally good results.
Normally, capacitor values on the order of several hundred microfarads are used on the output of the regulators
to ensure good transient response with heavy load current
changes. Output capacitance can increase without limit
and larger values of output capacitance further improve
the stability and transient response of the LT1585A/
LT1585A-3.3.
Large load current changes are exactly the situation
presented by modern microprocessors. The load current
step contains higher order frequency components that
the output decoupling network must handle until the
regulator throttles to the load current level. Capacitors are
not ideal elements and contain parasitic resistance and
inductance. These parasitic elements dominate the change
in output voltage at the beginning of a transient load step
change. The ESR of the output capacitors produces an
instantaneous step in output voltage (∆V = ∆I • ESR). The
ESL of the output capacitors produces a droop proportional to the rate of change of output current (V = L •
∆I/∆t). The output capacitance produces a change in
output voltage proportional to the time until the regulator
can respond (∆V = ∆t • ∆I/C). These transient effects are
illustrated in Figure 1.
The use of capacitors with low ESR, low ESL and good
high frequency characteristics is critical in meeting the
output voltage tolerances of these high speed micropro-
ESR
EFFECTS
ESL
EFFECTS
SLOPE, =
V
∆I
t
C
POINT AT WHICH REGULATOR
TAKES CONTROL
Figure 1
CAPACITANCE
EFFECTS
LT1585A • F01
cessors. These requirements dictate a combination of
high quality, surface mount tantalum capacitors and
ceramic capacitors. The location of the decoupling network is critical to transient response performance. Place
the decoupling network as close as possible to the processor pins because trace runs from the decoupling
capacitors to the processor pins are inductive. The ideal
location for the decoupling network is actually inside the
microprocessor socket cavity. In addition, use large power
and ground plane areas to minimize distribution drops.
A possible stability problem that occurs in monolithic
linear regulators is current limit oscillations. The LT1585A/
LT1585A-3.3 essentially have a flat current limit over the
range of input supply voltage. The lower current limit
rating and 7V maximum supply voltage rating for these
devices permit this characteristic. Current limit oscillations are typically nonexistent, unless the input and output decoupling capacitors for the regulators are mounted
several inches from the terminals.
Protection Diodes
In normal operation, the LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 do not
require any protection diodes. Older 3-terminal regulators
require protection diodes between the output pin and the
input pin or between the adjust pin and the output pin to
prevent die overstress.
On the adjustable LT1585A, internal resistors limit internal current paths on the adjust pin. Therefore, even with
bypass capacitors on the adjust pin, no protection diode
is needed to ensure device safety under short-circuit
conditions.
6
Page 7
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
A protection diode between the input and output pins is
usually not needed. An internal diode between the input
and output pins on the LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 can handle
microsecond surge currents of 50A to 100A. Even with
large value output capacitors it is difficult to obtain those
values of surge currents in normal operation. Only with
large values of output capacitance, such as 1000µF to
5000µF, and with the input pin instantaneously shorted to
ground can damage occur. A crowbar circuit at the input
of the LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 can generate those levels of
current, and a diode from output to input is then recommended. This is shown in Figure 2. Usually, normal power
supply cycling or system “hot plugging and unplugging”
will not generate current large enough to do any damage.
The adjust pin can be driven on a transient basis ±7V with
respect to the output, without any device degradation. As
with any IC regulator, exceeding the maximum input-tooutput voltage differential causes the internal transistors
to break down and none of the protection circuitry is then
functional.
D1
1N4002
(OPTIONAL)
LT1585A-3.3
V
IN
+
C1
10µF
INOUT
GND
+
C2
10µF
V
OUT
Ripple Rejection
The typical curve for ripple rejection reflects values for the
LT1585A-3.3 fixed output voltage part. In applications
that require improved ripple rejection, use the adjustable
device. A bypass capacitor from the adjust pin to ground
reduces the output ripple by the ratio of V
/1.25V. The
OUT
impedance of the adjust pin capacitor at the ripple frequency should be less than the value of R1 (typically in the
range of 100Ω to 120Ω) in the feedback divider network
in Figure 2. Therefore, the value of the required adjust pin
capacitor is a function of the input ripple frequency. For
example, if R1 equals 100Ω and the ripple frequency
equals 120Hz, the adjust pin capacitor should be 22µ F. At
10kHz, only 0.22µF is needed.
Output Voltage
The LT1585A adjustable regulator develops a 1.25V reference voltage between the output pin and the adjust pin
(see Figure 3). Placing a resistor R1 between these two
terminals causes a constant current to flow through R1
and down through R2 to set the overall output voltage.
Normally, this current is the specified minimum load
current of 10mA. The current out of the adjust pin adds to
the current from R1 and is typically 55µA. Its output
voltage contribution is small and only needs consideration when very precise output voltage setting is required.
D1
1N4002
(OPTIONAL)
V
IN
+
C1
10µF
LT1585A
INOUT
ADJ
+
C
ADJ
V
+
R1
R2
OUT
C2
10µF
LT1585A • F02
V
IN
+
C1
10µF
V
= V
OUT
(1 + R2/R1) + I
REF
Figure 3. Basic Adjustable Regulator
IN
I
55µA
LT1585A
ADJ
ADJ
ADJ
OUT
(R2)
V
V
REF
+
R1
R2
OUT
C2
10µF
LT1585A • F03
Figure 2
7
Page 8
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Load Regulation
It is not possible to provide true remote load sensing
because the LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 are 3-terminal devices. Load regulation is limited by the resistance of the
wire connecting the regulators to the load. Load regulation per the data sheet specification is measured at the
bottom of the package.
For fixed voltage devices, negative side sensing is a true
Kelvin connection with the ground pin of the device
returned to the negative side of the load. This is illustrated
in Figure 4.
For adjustable voltage devices, negative side sensing is a
true Kelvin connection with the bottom of the output
divider returned to the negative side of the load. The best
IN
LT1585A-3.3
INOUT
GND
V
load regulation is obtained when the top of resistor divider
R1 connects directly to the regulator output and not to the
load. Figure 5 illustrates this point. If R1 connects to the
load, the effective resistance between the regulator and
the load is:
RP(1 + R2/R1), RP = Parasitic Line Resistance
The connection shown in Figure 5 does not multiply RP by
the divider ratio. As an example, RP is about four milliohms
per foot with 16-gauge wire. This translates to 4mV per
foot at 1A load current. At higher load currents, this drop
represents a significant percentage of the overall regulation. It is important to keep the positive lead between the
regulator and the load as short as possible and to use large
wire or PC board traces.
R
P
PARASITIC
LINE RESISTANCE
R
L
LT1585A • F04
Figure 4. Connection for Best Load Regulation
R
P
LT1585A
IN
*CONNECT R1 TO CASE
CONNECT R2 TO LOAD
Figure 5. Connection for Best Load Regulation
ADJ
LINE RESISTANCE
OUTINV
PARASITIC
R1*
R2*
LT1585A • F05
R
L
8
Page 9
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Thermal Considerations
The LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3 family protects the device
under overload conditions with internal power and thermal limiting circuitry. However, for normal continuous
load conditions, do not exceed maximum junction temperature ratings. It is important to consider all sources of
thermal resistance from junction-to-ambient. These
sources include the junction-to-case resistance, the caseto-heat sink interface resistance and the heat sink resistance. Thermal resistance specifications have been developed to more accurately reflect device temperature and
ensure safe operating temperatures. The Electrical Characteristics section provides a separate thermal resistance
and maximum junction temperature for both the control
circuitry and the power transistor. Older regulators, with
a single junction-to-case thermal resistance specification, use an average of the two values provided here and
allow excessive junction temperatures under certain conditions of ambient temperature and heat sink resistance.
Calculate the maximum junction temperature for both
sections to ensure that both thermal limits are met.
Junction-to-case thermal resistance is specified from the
IC junction to the bottom of the case directly below the die.
This is the lowest resistance path for heat flow. Proper
mounting ensures the best thermal flow from this area of
the package to the heat sink. Linear Technology strongly
recommends thermal compound at the case-to-heat sink
interface. Use a thermally conductive spacer if the case of
the device must be electrically isolated and include its
contribution to the total thermal resistance. Please consult “Mounting Considerations for Power Semiconduc-
tors”
1990 Linear Applications Handbook, Volume I
Pages RR3-1 to RR3-20. The output connects to the case
of both the LT1585A and the LT1585A-3.3.
For example, using an LT1585ACT-3.3 (TO-220, commercial) and assuming:
VIN(Max Continuous) = 5.25V (5V + 5%), V
I
= 5A
OUT
TA = 70°C, θ
θ
CASE-TO-HEAT SINK
Power dissipation under these conditions is equal to:
In both cases the junction temperature is below the
maximum rating for the respective sections, ensuring
reliable operation.
IN
– V
HEAT SINK
OUT
HEAT SINK
= 3°C/W
= 1°C/W (with Thermal Compound)
)(I
) = (5.25 – 3.3)(5) = 9.75W
OUT
+ θ
CASE-TO-HEAT SINK
(Control Section Commer-
JMAX
(Power Transistor Com-
JMAX
OUT
+ θJC)
,
= 3.3V,
9
Page 10
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS N
Minimum Parts Count LT1585A Adjustable Circuit
for the Intel 120MHz Pentium Processor
4.75V TO
5.25V
C1 TO C3
220µF
10V
AVX TPS
3 EACH
50mV/DIV
2A/DIV
+
AVX X7R 0805
V
OUT
I
OUT
THERMALLOY
7020B-MT
IN
OUT
330nF
16V
C4
LT1585ACT
ADJ
R1
110Ω
0.1%
R2
197Ω
0.1%
LT1585A Transient Response
for 3.8A Load Current Step*
PLACE IN MICROPROCESSOR
SOCKET CAVITY
3.50V
5A
C5 TO C10
+
100µF
10V
AVX TPS
4 EACH
AVX CORP. (803) 448-9411
THERMALLOY INC. (214) 243-4321
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE COMPONENTS.
C11 TO C20
1µF
16V
AVX Y5V 0805
24 EACH
LT1585A TA04
10
100µs/DIV
*TRANSIENT RESPONSE MEASURED WITH AN INTEL
POWER VALIDATOR. V
POWER VALIDATOR
IS MEASURED AT THE
OUT
LT1584A • TA05
Page 11
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS N
Guaranteed LT1585A Circuit for the Intel 100MHz and Higher Frequency Pentium Processors
(Meets Intel Specifications with Worst-Case Tolerances)
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
5V
SEE NOTE 5
C2 TO C4
+
220µF
10V
AVX TPS
3 EACH
THERMALLOY
7021B-MT
3
IN
LT1585A
ADJ
C1
0.1µF
OUT
1
C5
33pF
NPO
3
4
2
R1
1k
2
COMP COL
+
V
LT1431S
R
T
SGND FGND
56
R3D
83Ω
SEE NOTE 7
R4
R3E
117Ω
SGND
PGND
65
REF
R
1
M
R2
1k
8
7
C6
0.01µF
SEE NOTE 6
4
R3C
800Ω
3
R3B
1.35k
2
R3A
1.15k
1
LT1585A/LT1431 Transient Response
for 3.8A Load Current Step*
+
C7
100µF
10V
V
OUT
SENSE
PGND
LT1584 • TA06
PLACE IN MICROPROCESSOR
SOCKET CAVITY
C8 TO C13
100µF
+
10V
AVX TPS
4 EACH
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
1. ALL RESISTOR VALUES ARE OHMS,
1/8W, 5%
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE 50V, 20%
3. ALL POLARIZED CAPACITORS ARE AVX
TYPE TPS OR EQUIVALENT
4. INPUT CAPACITANCE MAY BE REDUCED
IF THE 5V SUPPLY IS WELL BYPASSED
5. FOR 100MHz PENTIUM PROCESSOR,
INPUT VOLTAGE MUST BE AT LEAST
4.85V AT THE REGULATOR INPUT
6. FOR PENTIUM VRE PROCESSOR,
R4 NOT INSTALLED
– FOR 3.3V OUTPUT, INSTALL 0Ω JUMPER
RESISTOR R4
7. R3A TO R3E ARE B.I. TECHNOLOGY 627V100
+
C14 TO C23
1µF
16V
AVX Y5V 0805
24 EACH
V
OUT
50mV/DIV
I
OUT
2A/DIV
100µs/DIV
*TRANSIENT RESPONSE MEASURED WITH AN INTEL
POWER VALIDATOR. V
POWER VALIDATOR
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
IS MEASURED AT THE
OUT
LT1584A • TA06
11
Page 12
LT1585A/LT1585A-3.3
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
U
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
T Package
3-Lead Plastic TO-220
0.390 – 0.415
(9.906 – 10.541)
(11.684 – 12.700)
0.980 – 1.070
(24.892 – 27.178)
(13.208 – 14.478)
0.460 – 0.500
0.520 – 0.570
0.090 – 0.110
(2.286 – 2.794)
0.028 – 0.038
(0.711 – 0.965)
0.147 – 0.155
(3.734 – 3.937)
0.230 – 0.270
(5.842 – 6.858)
(14.478 – 15.748)
0.330 – 0.370
(8.382 – 9.398)
0.218 – 0.252
(5.537 – 6.401)
0.050
(1.270)
TYP
DIA
0.570 – 0.620
0.165 – 0.180
(4.293 – 4.699)
0.013 – 0.023
(0.330 – 0.584)
0.045 – 0.055
(1.143 – 1.397)
0.095 – 0.115
(2.413 – 2.921)
T3 (TO-220) 0595
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONCOMMENTS
LTC1430High Power Step-Down Switching Regulator5V to 3.3V at 10A
LT15807A Very Low Dropout Linear Regulator0.54V Dropout at 7A, Fixed 2.5V
LT15847A Low Dropout Fixed and Adjustable Linear RegulatorsFast Transient Response for Microprocessor Applications
LT15873A Low Dropout Fixed and Adjustable Linear RegulatorsFast Transient Response for Microprocessor Applications
Linear Technology Corporation
12
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7487
(408) 432-1900
●
FAX
: (408) 434-0507
●
TELEX
: 499-3977
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1995
and Adjustable
OUT
LT/GP 1095 10K • PRINTED IN USA
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