The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are low voltage, low power
operational amplifiers. LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 operate
from +1.8V to +5.5V supply voltages and have rail-to-rail input
and output. LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 input common mode
voltage extends 200mV beyond the supplies which enables
user enhanced functionality beyond the supply voltage range.
The output can swing rail-to-rail unloaded and within 105mV
from the rail with 600Ω load at 1.8V supply. The LMV931/
LMV932/LMV934 are optimized to work at 1.8V which make
them ideal for portable two-cell battery powered systems and
single cell Li-Ion systems.
LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 exhibit excellent speed-power ratio, achieving 1.4MHz gain bandwidth product at 1.8V supply
voltage with very low supply current. The LMV931/LMV932/
LMV934 are capable of driving a 600Ω load and up to 1000pF
capacitive load with minimal ringing. LMV931/LMV932/
LMV934 have a high DC gain of 101dB, making them suitable
for low frequency applications.
The single LMV931 is offered in space saving 5-Pin SC70 and
SOT23 packages. The dual LMV932 are in 8-Pin MSOP and
SOIC packages and the quad LMV934 are in 14-Pin TSSOP
and SOIC packages. These small packages are ideal solutions for area constrained PC boards and portable electronics
such as cellular phones and PDAs.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
ESD Tolerance (Note 2)
Machine Model200V
Human Body Model2000V
Supply Voltage (V+–V −)
Differential Input Voltage± Supply Voltage
Voltage at Input/Output PinsV++0.3V, V- -0.3V
Storage Temperature Range−65°C to 150°C
Junction Temperature (Note 4)150°C
6V
For soldering specifications:
see product folder at www.national.com and
www.national.com/ms/MS/MS-SOLDERING.pdf
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
Supply Voltage Range1.8V to 5.5V
Temperature Range−40°C to 125°C
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
SymbolParameterConditionMin
(Note 6)
V
OS
Input Offset VoltageLMV931 (Single)14
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
TCV
Input Offset Voltage Average
OS
5.5
Drift
I
B
I
OS
I
S
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection Ratio
Input Bias Current1535
Input Offset Current1325
Supply Current (per channel)103185
LMV931, 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 0.6V
1.4V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8V (Note 8)
LMV932 and LMV934
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 0.6V
60
55
55
50
1.4V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8V (Note 8)
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
5072
1.8V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.0V
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V
75
70
CMVRInput Common-Mode Voltage
Range
For CMRR
Range ≥ 50dB
TA = 25°CV− −0.2−0.2 to 2.1V+ +0.2
TA −40°C to 85°
V
C
TA = 125°CV− +0.2V+ −0.2
A
V
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV931 (Single)
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
77
73
80
75
75
72
78
75
−
Typ
(Note 5)
100
101
105
100
Max
(Note 6)
15.5
205
78
76
90
6
7.5
50
40
V
Units
mV
mV
μV/°C
nA
nA
μA
dB
dB
+
V
dB
dB
www.national.com2
Page 3
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
SymbolParameterConditionMin
(Note 6)
V
O
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V
VIN = ±100mV
1.65
1.63
Typ
(Note 5)
1.72
Max
(Note 6)
Units
0.0770.105
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V
VIN = ±100mV
1.75
1.74
0.120
1.77
V
0.0240.035
0.04
I
O
Output Short Circuit Current
(Note 3)
Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
Sinking, VO = 1.8V
VIN = −100mV
4
3.3
7
5
8
9
mA
1.8V AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 6)
SRSlew Rate(Note 7)0.35
GBWGain-Bandwidth Product1.4MHz
Φ
m
G
m
e
n
Phase Margin67
Gain Margin7
Input-Referred Voltage Noisef = 10 kHz, VCM = 0.5V60
Typ
(Note 5)
Max
(Note 6)
Units
V/μs
deg
dB
i
n
THDTotal Harmonic Distortionf = 1kHz, AV = +1
Input-Referred Current Noisef = 10 kHz0.08
0.023
RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 V
PP
%
Amp-to-Amp Isolation(Note 9)123dB
3www.national.com
Page 4
2.7V DC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
SymbolParameterConditionMin
V
OS
Input Offset VoltageLMV931 (Single)14
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
TCV
Input Offset Voltage Average
OS
5.5
Drift
I
B
I
OS
I
S
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection Ratio
Input Bias Current1535
Input Offset Current825
Supply Current (per channel)105190
LMV931, 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.5V
2.3V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.7V (Note 8)
LMV932 and LMV934
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.5V
2.3V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.7V (Note 8)
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
2.7V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.9V
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V
VCM = 0.5V
V
CM
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range
For CMRR
Range ≥ 50dB
TA = 25°CV− −0.2−0.2 to 3.0V+ +0.2
TA = −40°C to
85°C
TA = 125°CV− +0.2V+ −0.2
A
V
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV931 (Single)
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
V
O
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V
VIN = ±100mV
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V
VIN = ±100mV
I
O
Output Short Circuit Current
(Note 3)
Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
Sinking, VO = 0V
VIN = −100mV
(Note 6)
15.5
60
55
55
50
5074
75
70
−
V
87
86
92
91
78
75
81
78
2.55
2.53
0.0830.110
2.65
2.64
0.0250.04
20
15
18
12
Typ
(Note 5)
100
104
110
100
2.62
2.675
Max
(Note 6)
210
81
80
90
0.130
0.045
30
25
6
7.5
50
40
V
Units
mV
mV
μV/°C
nA
nA
μA
dB
dB
+
V
dB
dB
V
mA
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Page 5
2.7V AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = 1.0V, VO = 1.35V and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 6)
SRSlew Rate(Note 7)0.4V/µs
GBWGain-Bandwidth Product1.4MHz
Φ
m
G
m
e
n
Phase Margin70
Gain Margin7.5
Input-Referred Voltage Noisef = 10 kHz, VCM = 0.5V57
Typ
(Note 5)
Max
(Note 6)
Units
deg
dB
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
i
n
THDTotal Harmonic Distortionf = 1kHz, AV = +1
Input-Referred Current Noisef = 10 kHz0.08
RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1V
PP
0.022%
Amp-to-Amp Isolation(Note 9)123dB
5www.national.com
Page 6
5V DC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
SymbolParameterConditionMin
V
OS
Input Offset VoltageLMV931 (Single)14
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
TCV
Input Offset Voltage Average
OS
Drift
I
B
I
OS
I
S
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection Ratio
Input Bias Current1435
Input Offset Current925
Supply Current (per channel)116210
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 3.8V
4.6V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.0V (Note 8)
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
5.0V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.2V
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V
VCM = 0.5V
CMVRInput Common-Mode Voltage
Range
A
V
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV931 (Single)
For CMRR
Range ≥ 50dB
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V,
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V,
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV932 (Dual)
LMV934 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V,
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V,
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
V
O
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V
VIN = ±100mV
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V
VIN = ±100mV
I
O
Output Short Circuit Current
(Note 3)
LMV931, Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
Sinking, VO = 5V
VIN = −100mV
(Note 6)
15.5
5.5
60
55
5078
75
70
TA = 25°CV− −0.2−0.2 to 5.3V+ +0.2
TA = −40°C to
−
V
85°C
TA = 125°CV− +0.3V+ −0.3
88
87
94
93
81
78
85
82
4.855
4.835
0.1200.160
4.945
4.935
0.0370.065
80
68
58
45
(Note 5)
Typ
Max
(Note 6)
86
100
102
113
90
100
4.890
0.180
4.967
0.075
100
65
6
7.5
50
40
230
V
Units
mV
mV
μV/°C
nA
nA
μA
dB
dB
+
V
dB
dB
V
mA
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Page 7
5V AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = 2.5V and R L > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 6)
SRSlew Rate(Note 7)0.42V/µs
GBWGain-Bandwidth Product1.5MHz
Φ
m
G
m
e
n
Phase Margin71
Gain Margin8
Input-Referred Voltage Noisef = 10 kHz, VCM = 1V50
Typ
(Note 5)
Max
(Note 6)
Units
deg
dB
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
i
n
THDTotal Harmonic Distortionf = 1kHz, AV = +1
Input-Referred Current Noisef = 10 kHz0.08
0.022
RL = 600Ω, VO = 1V
PP
%
Amp-to-Amp Isolation(Note 9)123dB
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: Human Body Model, applicable std. MIL-STD-883, Method 3015.7. Machine Model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A (ESD MM std. of JEDEC)
Note 3: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the
maximum allowed junction temperature of 150°C. Output currents in excess of 45mA over long term may adversely affect reliability.
Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of T
PD = (T
Note 5: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm as determined at the time of characterization. Actual typical values may vary over time and will
also depend on the application and configuration. The typical values are not tested and are not guaranteed on shipped production material.
Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis.
Note 7: Connected as voltage follower with input step from V− to V+. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Note 8: For guaranteed temperature ranges, see Input Common-Mode Voltage Range specifications.
Note 9: Input referred, RL = 100kΩ connected to V+/2. Each amp excited in turn with 1kHz to produce VO = 3VPP (For Supply Voltages <3V, VO = V+).
Note 10: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating
of the device such that TJ = TA. No guarantee of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical tables under conditions of internal self-heating where TJ >
TA. See Applications section for information of temperature derating of the device. Absolute Maximum Ratings indicated junction temperature limits beyond which
the device may be permanently degraded, either mechanically or electrically.
– TA)/ θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a PC Board.
J(MAX)
, θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, V
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (LMV931)
20032622
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage
Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage
Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage
= +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
S
20032625
20032628
Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage
20032650
20032649
Gain and Phase vs. Frequency
200326g8
9www.national.com
Page 10
Gain and Phase vs. Frequency
Gain and Phase vs. Frequency
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
Gain and Phase vs. Frequency
PSRR vs. Frequency
200326g9
200326g11
200326g10
CMRR vs. Frequency
20032639
Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency
20032656
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20032658
Page 11
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
Input Current Noise vs. Frequency
THD vs. Frequency
20032666
THD vs. Frequency
20032667
Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
20032670
20032668
20032669
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
20032671
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Page 12
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
20032672
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
20032674
Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature (Sinking)
20032673
Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
20032675
Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature (Sourcing)
20032676
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20032677
Page 13
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range
20032636
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range
20032637
20032638
Application Note
INPUT AND OUTPUT STAGE
The rail-to-rail input stage of this family provides more flexibility for the designer. The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 use a
complimentary PNP and NPN input stage in which the PNP
stage senses common mode voltage near V− and the NPN
stage senses common mode voltage near V+. The transition
from the PNP stage to NPN stage occurs 1V below V+. Since
both input stages have their own offset voltage, the offset of
the amplifier becomes a function of the input common mode
voltage and has a crossover point at 1V below V+.
This VOS crossover point can create problems for both DC and
AC coupled signals if proper care is not taken. Large input
signals that include the VOS crossover point will cause distortion in the output signal. One way to avoid such distortion is
to keep the signal away from the crossover. For example, in
a unity gain buffer configuration and with VS = 5V, a 5V peakto-peak signal will contain input-crossover distortion while a
3V peak-to-peak signal centered at 1.5V will not contain inputcrossover distortion as it avoids the crossover point. Another
way to avoid large signal distortion is to use a gain of −1 circuit
which avoids any voltage excursions at the input terminals of
the amplifier. In that circuit, the common mode DC voltage
can be set at a level away from the VOS cross-over point. For
small signals, this transition in VOS shows up as a VCM de-
pendent spurious signal in series with the input signal and can
effectively degrade small signal parameters such as gain and
common mode rejection ratio. To resolve this problem, the
small signal should be placed such that it avoids the V
crossover point. In addition to the rail-to-rail performance, the
OS
output stage can provide enough output current to drive
600Ω loads. Because of the high current capability, care
should be taken not to exceed the 150°C maximum junction
temperature specification.
INPUT BIAS CURRENT CONSIDERATION
The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 family has a complementary
bipolar input stage. The typical input bias current (IB) is 15nA.
The input bias current can develop a significant offset voltage.
This offset is primarily due to IB flowing through the negative
feedback resistor, RF. For example, if IB is 50nA and RF is
100kΩ, then an offset voltage of 5mV will develop (VOS = IB x
RF). Using a compensation resistor (RC), as shown in Figure
1, cancels this effect. But the input offset current (IOS) will still
contribute to an offset voltage in the same manner.
13www.national.com
Page 14
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
20032659
HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH RAIL-TO-GROUND
OUTPUT SWING
Since the LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 input common mode
range includes both positive and negative supply rails and the
output can also swing to either supply, achieving half-wave
rectifier functions in either direction is an easy task. All that is
needed are two external resistors; there is no need for diodes
or matched resistors. The half wave rectifier can have either
positive or negative going outputs, depending on the way the
circuit is arranged.
In Figure 3 the circuit is referenced to ground, while in Figure
4 the circuit is biased to the positive supply. These configu-
rations implement the half wave rectifier since the LMV931/
LMV932/LMV934 can not respond to one-half of the incoming
waveform. It can not respond to one-half of the incoming because the amplifier can not swing the output beyond either
rail therefore the output disengages during this half cycle.
During the other half cycle, however, the amplifier achieves a
half wave that can have a peak equal to the total supply voltage. RI should be large enough not to load the LMV931/
LMV932/LMV934.
FIGURE 1. Canceling the Offset Voltage due to Input Bias
Current
Typical Applications
HIGH SIDE CURRENT SENSING
The high side current sensing circuit (Figure 2) is commonly
used in a battery charger to monitor charging current to prevent over charging. A sense resistor R
the battery directly. This system requires an op amp with railto-rail input. The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are ideal for this
application because its common mode input range goes up
to the rail.
is connected to
SENSE
200326h0
FIGURE 2. High Side Current Sensing
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Page 15
200326c3
200326c2
FIGURE 3. Half-Wave Rectifier with Rail-To-Ground Output Swing Referenced to Ground
LMV931 Single/LMV932 Dual/LMV934 Quad
200326c4
200326c1
200326c0
FIGURE 4. Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative-Going Output Referenced to V
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER WITH RAIL-TO-RAIL
INPUT AND OUTPUT
Some manufactures make a non-“rail-to-rail”-op amp rail-torail by using a resistive divider on the inputs. The resistors
divide the input voltage to get a rail-to-rail input range. The
problem with this method is that it also divides the signal, so
in order to get the obtained gain, the amplifier must have a
higher closed loop gain. This raises the noise and drift by the
internal gain factor and lowers the input impedance. Any mismatch in these precision resistors reduces the CMRR as well.
The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 is rail-to-rail and therefore
doesn’t have these disadvantages.
Using three of the LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 amplifiers, an
instrumentation amplifier with rail-to-rail inputs and outputs
can be made as shown in Figure 5.
In this example, amplifiers on the left side act as buffers to the
differential stage. These buffers assure that the input
impedance is very high and require no precision matched resistors in the input stage. They also assure that the difference
amp is driven from a voltage source. This is necessary to
maintain the CMRR set by the matching R1-R2 with R3-R4.
The gain is set by the ratio of R2/R1 and R3 should equal R
and R4 equal R2. With both rail-to-rail input and output ranges,
200326b9
CC
the input and output are only limited by the supply voltages.
Remember that even with rail-to-rail outputs, the output can
not swing past the supplies so the combined common mode
voltages plus the signal should not be greater that the supplies or limiting will occur. For additional applications, see
National Semiconductor application notes AN–29, AN–31,
AN–71, and AN–127.
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