LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
12 MHz, Low Voltage, Low Power Amplifiers
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 12 MHz, Low Voltage, Low Power Amplifiers
October 8, 2008
General Description
National’s LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 are high performance,
low power operational amplifier ICs implemented with
National's advanced VIP50 process. This family of parts features 12 MHz of bandwidth while consuming only 116 μA of
current, which is an exceptional bandwidth to power ratio in
this op amp class. The LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 are unity
gain stable and provide an excellent solution for general purpose amplification in low voltage, low power applications.
This family of low voltage, low power amplifiers provides superior performance and economy in terms of power and
space usage. These op amps have a maximum input offset
voltage of 1.5 mV, a rail-to-rail output stage and an input common-mode voltage range that includes ground. The LMV651/
LMV652/LMV654 provide a PSRR of 95 dB, a CMRR of 100
dB and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.003% at 1 kHz
frequency and 2 kΩ load.
The operating supply voltage range for this family of parts is
from 2.7V and 5.5V. These op amps can operate over a wide
temperature range (−40°C to 125°C) making them ideal for
automotive applications, sensor applications and portable
equipment applications. The LMV651 is offered in the ultra
tiny 5-Pin SC70 and 5-Pin SOT-23 package. The LMV652 is
offered in an 8-Pin MSOP package. The LMV654 is offered
in a 14-Pin TSSOP package.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
ESD Tolerance (Note 2)
Human Body Model2000VMachine Model100V
Differential Input V
Supply Voltage (VS = V+ - V−)
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
Input/Output Pin VoltageV+ +0.3V, V− −0.3V
Storage Temperature Range−65°C to 150°C
Junction Temperature (Note 3)150°C
Soldering Information
ID
±0.3V
6V
Infrared or Convection (20 sec)235°CWave Soldering Lead Temp (10
sec)260°C
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
Temperature Range (Note 3)−40°C to 125°C
Supply Voltage2.7V to 5.5V
Package Thermal Resistance (θJA)(Note 3)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C, V+ = 3V, V− = 0V, VO = VCM = V+/2, and RL > 1 MΩ. Bold-
face limits apply at the temperature extremes.
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 5)
V
OS
TC V
I
B
I
OS
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection Ratio
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio
CMVRInput Common-Mode Voltage
A
VOL
V
O
I
SC
I
S
SRSlew RateAV = +1,
GBWGain Bandwidth Product12MHz
Input Offset Voltage0.1±1.5
Input Offset Average Drift6.6
OS
Input Bias Current(Note 6)80120nA
Input Offset Current2.215
0 ≤ V
3.0 ≤ V+ ≤ 5V, VCM = 0.5
2.7 ≤ V+ ≤ 5.5V, VCM = 0.5
Range
Large Signal Voltage Gain
Output Swing High
Output Swing Low
Maximum Continuous Output
Current
Supply Current per AmplifierLMV651115140
CMRR ≥ 75 dB
CMRR ≥ 60 dB
0.3 ≤ VO ≤ 2.7, RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
0.4 ≤ VO ≤ 2.6, RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
0.3 ≤ VO ≤ 2.7, RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
0.4 ≤ VO ≤ 2.6, RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
Sourcing (Note 8)17
Sinking (Note 8)25
LMV652118
LMV654122
10% to 90% (Note 7)
≤ 2.0 V
CM
87
80
87
81
87
81
0
0
80
76
86
83
8095
4550
95110
6065
3.0
Typ
(Note 4)
100dB
95dB
95
2.1
85
93
Max
(Note 5)
2.7
2.1
120
60
125
75
175
Units
mV
μV/°C
nA
V
dB
mV from
rail
mA
μA
V/μs
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Page 3
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 5)
e
n
Input-Referred Voltage Noisef = 100 kHz17
f = 1 kHz17
i
n
Input-Referred Current Noisef = 100 kHz0.1
f = 1 kHz0.15
THDTotal Harmonic Distortion
f = 1 kHz, AV = 2, RL = 2 kΩ
0.003%
Typ
(Note 4)
Max
(Note 5)
Units
nV/
pA/
5V DC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V,VO = VCM = V+/2, and RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface
limits apply at the temperature extremes.
SymbolParameterConditionsMin
(Note 5)
V
OS
TC V
I
B
I
OS
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection Ratio
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio
Input Offset Voltage0.1±1.5
Input Offset Average Drift6.6
OS
Input Bias Current(Note 6)80120nA
Input Offset Current2.215
0 ≤ V
≤ 4.0 V
CM
3V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V, VCM = 0.5V
90
83
87
81
2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5.5V, VCM = 0.5V
87
81
CMVRInput Common-Mode Voltage
Range
A
VOL
V
O
Large Signal Voltage Gain
Output Swing High
Output Swing Low
I
SC
Maximum Continuous Output
Current
I
S
Supply Current per AmplifierLMV651116140
CMRR ≥ 80 dB
CMRR ≥ 68 dB
0.3 ≤ VO ≤ 4.7V, RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
0.4 ≤ VO ≤ 4.6, RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
0.3 ≤ VO ≤ 4.7V, RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
0.4 ≤ VO ≤ 4.6, RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 2 kΩ to V+/2
RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2
Sourcing (Note 8)18.5
Sinking (Note 8)25
0
0
79
76
87
84
120140
7590
110130
7080
LMV652118
LMV654122
SRSlew RateAV = +1, VO = 1 V
PP
3.0
10% to 90% (Note 7)
GBWGain Bandwidth Product12MHz
e
n
Input-Referred Voltage Noisef = 100 kHz17
f = 1 kHz17
i
n
Input-Referred Current Noisef = 100 kHz0.1
f = 1 kHz0.15
THDTotal Harmonic Distortion
f = 1 kHz, AV = 2, RL = 2 kΩ
0.003%
Typ
(Note 4)
Max
(Note 5)
2.7
100dB
95dB
95
4.1
4.1
84
94
185
120
150
95
175
nV/
pA/
Units
mV
μV/°C
nA
V
dB
mV from
rail
mA
μA
V/μs
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Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics
Tables.
Note 2: Human Body Model, applicable std. MIL-STD-883, Method 3015.7. Machine Model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A (ESD MM std. of JEDEC)
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of T
PD = (T
Note 4: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm as determined at the time of characterization. Actual typical values may vary over time and will
also depend on the application and configuration. The typical values are not tested and are not guaranteed on shipped production material.
Note 5: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlations using Statistical Quality
Control (SQC) method.
Note 6: Positive current corresponds to current flowing into the device.
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
Note 7: Slew rate is the average of the rising and falling slew rates.
Note 8: The part is not short circuit protected and is not recommended for operation with low resistive loads. Typical sourcing and sinking output current curves
are provided in the Typical Performance Characteristics and should be consulted before designing for heavy loads.
- TA)/ θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a PC board.
J(MAX)
, θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, T
VCM= VS/2
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (LMV651)
20123834
Supply Current per Channel vs. Supply Voltage (LMV654)
Supply Current per Channel vs. Supply Voltage (LMV652)
VOS vs. V
= 25°C, VS= 5V, V+= 5V, V−= 0V,
A
20123865
CM
VOS vs. V
CM
20123864
20123826
20123825
VOS vs. Supply Voltage
20123821
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I
BIAS
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
vs. V
CM
I
BIAS
vs. V
CM
20123823
I
vs. Supply Voltage
BIAS
20123822
Negative Output Swing vs. Supply Voltage
20123824
Positive Output Swing vs. Supply Voltage
20123828
Positive Output Swing vs. Supply Voltage
20123829
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20123827
Page 7
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
Negative Output Swing vs. Supply Voltage
20123830
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage (LMV651)
Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage
20123832
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage (LMV652)
20123833
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage (LMV654)
20123863
20123866
Open Loop Gain and Phase with Capacitive Load
20123811
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Open Loop Gain and Phase with Resistive Load
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
Phase Margin vs. Capacitive Load (Stability)
20123812
Input Referred Voltage Noise vs. Frequency
20123814
Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage
20123813
Input Referred Current Noise vs. Frequency
20123815
THD+N vs. V
OUT
20123816
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20123809
Page 9
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
THD+N vs. V
OUT
THD+N vs. Frequency
20123810
THD+N vs. Frequency
20123807
Small Signal Transient Response
Small Signal Transient Response
20123808
20123817
20123818
Large Signal Transient Response
20123819
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PSRR vs. Frequency
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
CMRR vs. Frequency
20123835
Closed Loop Output Impedance vs. Frequency
20123837
20123836
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Application Information
ADVANTAGES OF THE LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
Low Voltage and Low Power Operation
The LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 have performance guaranteed at supply voltages of 3V and 5V. These parts are guaranteed to be operational at all supply voltages between 2.7V
and 5.5V. The LMV651 draws a low supply current of 116
μA, the LMV652 draws 118 μA/channel and the LMV654
draws 122 μA/channel. This family of op amps provides the
low voltage and low power amplification which is essential for
portable applications.
Wide Bandwidth
Despite drawing the very low supply current of 116 µA, the
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 manage to provide a wide unity
gain bandwidth of 12 MHz. This is easily one of the best
bandwidth to power ratios ever achieved, and allows these op
amps to provide wideband amplification while using the minimum amount of power. This makes this family of parts ideal
for low power signal processing applications such as portable
media players and other accessories.
Low Input Referred Noise
The LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 provide a flatband input referred voltage noise density of 17 nV/
cantly better than the noise performance expected from a low
power op amp. These op amps also feature exceptionally low
1/f noise, with a very low 1/f noise corner frequency of 4 Hz.
This makes these parts ideal for low power applications which
require decent noise performance, such as PDAs and
portable sensors.
Ground Sensing and Rail-to-Rail Output
The LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 each have a rail-to-rail output
stage, which provides the maximum possible output dynamic
range. This is especially important for applications requiring
a large output swing. The input common mode range of this
family of devices includes the negative supply rail which allows direct sensing at ground in a single supply operation.
Small Size
The small footprint of the packages for the LMV651/LMV652/
LMH654 saves space on printed circuit boards, and enables
the design of smaller and more compact electronic products.
Long traces between the signal source and the op amp make
the signal path susceptible to noise. By using a physically
smaller package, these op amps can be placed closer to the
signal source, reducing noise pickup and enhancing signal
integrity.
, which is signifi-
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
20123859
FIGURE 1. Gain vs. Frequency for an Op Amp
An op amp, ideally, has a dominant pole close to DC, which
causes its gain to decay at the rate of 20 dB/decade with respect to frequency. If this rate of decay, also known as the
rate of closure (ROC), remains the same until the op amp's
unity gain bandwidth, the op amp is stable. If, however, a large
capacitance is added to the output of the op amp, it combines
with the output impedance of the op amp to create another
pole in its frequency response before its unity gain frequency
(Figure 1). This increases the ROC to 40 dB/decade and
causes instability.
In such a case a number of techniques can be used to restore
stability to the circuit. The idea behind all these schemes is to
modify the frequency response such that it can be restored to
an ROC of 20 dB/decade, which ensures stability.
In The Loop Compensation
Figure 2 illustrates a compensation technique, known as ‘in
the loop’ compensation, that employs an RC feedback circuit
within the feedback loop to stabilize a non-inverting amplifier
configuration. A small series resistance, RS, is used to isolate
the amplifier output from the load capacitance, CL, and a small
capacitance, CF, is inserted across the feedback resistor to
bypass CL at higher frequencies.
STABILITY OF OP AMP CIRCUITS
Stability and Capacitive Loading
If the phase margin of the LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 is plotted with respect to the capacitive load (CL) at its output, it is
seen that the phase margin reduces significantly if CL is increased beyond 100 pF. This is because the op amp is
designed to provide the maximum bandwidth possible for a
low supply current. Stabilizing it for higher capacitive loads
would have required either a drastic increase in supply current, or a large internal compensation capacitance, which
would have reduced the bandwidth of the op amp. Hence, if
these devices are to be used for driving higher capacitive
loads, they would have to be externally compensated.
20123858
FIGURE 2. In the Loop Compensation
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The values for RS and CF are decided by ensuring that the
zero attributed to CF lies at the same frequency as the pole
attributed to CL. This ensures that the effect of the second
pole on the transfer function is compensated for by the presence of the zero, and that the ROC is maintained at 20 dB/
decade. For the circuit shown in Figure 2 the values of RS and
CF are given by Equation 1. Values of RS and CF required for
maintaining stability for different values of CL, as well as the
phase margins obtained, are shown in Table 1. RF and R
are taken to be 10 kΩ, RL is 2 kΩ, while R
340Ω.
OUT
LMV651/LMV652/LMV654
TABLE 1.
CL (pF)
RS (Ω)
1503401539.4
2003402034.6
2503402531.1
Although this methodology provides circuit stability for any
load capacitance, it does so at the price of bandwidth. The
closed loop bandwidth of the circuit is now limited by RF and
CF.
CF (pF)Phase Margin (°)
is taken as
(1)
than 0.003% distortion. Two amplifier circuits are shown in
Figure 4 and Figure 5. Figure 4 is an inverting amplifier, with
a 100 kΩ feedback resistor, R2, and a 1 kΩ input resistor,
R1, and provides a gain of −100. With the LMV651/LMV652/
LMV654 these circuits can provide gain of −100 with a −3 dB
bandwidth of 120 kHz, for a quiescent current as low as 116
μA. Similarly, the circuit in Figure 5, a non-inverting amplifier
with a gain of 1001, can provide that gain with a −3 dB band-
IN
width of 12 kHz, for a similar low quiescent power dissipation.
Coupling capacitors CC1 and CC2 can be added to isolate the
circuit from DC voltages, while RB1 and RB2 provide DC biasing. A feedback capacitor CF can also be added to improve
compensation.
Compensation By External Resistor
In some applications it is essential to drive a capacitive load
without sacrificing bandwidth. In such a case, in the loop compensation is not viable. A simpler scheme for compensation
is shown in Figure 3. A resistor, R
tween the load capacitance and the output. This introduces a
, is placed in series be-
ISO
zero in the circuit transfer function, which counteracts the effect of the pole formed by the load capacitance, and ensures
stability. The value of R
pending on the size of CL and the level of performance de-
to be used should be decided de-
ISO
sired. Values ranging from 5Ω to 50Ω are usually sufficient to
ensure stability. A larger value of R
with lesser ringing and overshoot, but will also limit the output
will result in a system
ISO
swing and the short circuit current of the circuit.
20123860
FIGURE 3. Compensation by Isolation Resistor
Typical Applications
HIGH GAIN LOW POWER AMPLIFIERS
With a low supply current, low power operation, and low harmonic distortion, the LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 are ideal for
wide-bandwidth, high gain amplification. The wide unity gain
bandwidth allows these parts to provide large gain over a wide
frequency range, while driving loads as low as 2 kΩ with less
20123861
FIGURE 4. High Gain Inverting Amplifier
20123862
FIGURE 5. High Gain Non-Inverting Amplifier
ACTIVE FILTERS
With a wide unity gain bandwidth of 12 MHz, low input referred
noise density and a low power supply current, the LMV651/
LMV652/LMV654 are well suited for low-power filtering applications. Active filter topologies, like the Sallen-Key low pass
filter shown in Figure 6, are very versatile, and can be used
to design a wide variety of filters (Chebyshev, Butterworth or
Bessel). The Sallen-Key topology, in particular, can be used
to attain a wide range of Q, by using positive feedback to reject the undesired frequency range.
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Page 13
In the circuit shown in Figure 6, the two capacitors appear as
open circuits at lower frequencies and the signal is simply
buffered to the output. At high frequencies the capacitors appear as short circuits and the signal is shunted to ground by
one of the capacitors before it can be amplified. Near the cutoff frequency, where the impedance of the capacitances is on
the same order as Rg and Rf, positive feedback through the
other capacitor allows the circuit to attain the desired Q. The
ratio of the two resistors, m2, provides a knob to control the
value of Q obtained.
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LMV651/LMV652/LMV654 12 MHz, Low Voltage, Low Power Amplifiers
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